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High-Yield WS2 Synthesis through Sulfurization in Custom-Modified Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor, Paving the Way for Selective NH3 Vapor Detection
Get PDFNanostructured transition metal dichalcogenides have garnered significant research interest for physical and chemical sensing applications due to their unique crystal structure and large effective surface area. However, the high-yield synthesis of these materials on different substrates and in nanostructured films remains a challenge that hinders their real-world applications. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) tungsten disulfide (WS2) sheets on a hundred-milligram scale by sulfurization of tungsten trioxide (WO3) powder in an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. The as-synthesized WS2 powders can be formulated into inks and deposited on a broad range of substrates using techniques like screen or inkjet printing, spin-coating, drop-casting, or airbrushing. Structural, morphological, and chemical composition analysis confirm the successful synthesis of edge-enriched WS2 sheets. The sensing performance of the WS2 films prepared with the synthesized 2D material was evaluated for ammonia (NH3) detection at different operating temperatures. The results reveal exceptional gas sensing responses, with the sensors showing a 100\% response toward 5 ppm of NH3 at 150 °C. The sensor detection limit was experimentally verified to be below 1 ppm of NH3 at 150 °C. Selectivity tests demonstrated the high selectivity of the edge-enriched WS2 films toward NH3 in the presence of interfering gases like CO, benzene, H2, and NO2. Furthermore, the sensors displayed remarkable stability against high levels of humidity, with only a slight decrease in response from 100\% in dry air to 93\% in humid environments. Density functional theory and Bayesian optimization simulations were performed, and the theoretical results agree with the experimental findings, revealing that the interaction between gas molecules and WS2 is primarily based on physisorption
Association of multimorbidity with working life expectancy among adults aged 50 years and older: Findings from two prospective cohort studies
Get PDFBackground: Individual diseases are important risk factors for early exit from the labour force among older adults, but the contribution of multimorbidity to working life expectancy (WLE) is unclear.Methods: We used data from two prospective cohort studies: Finnish Public Sector study (FPS) and Health and Social Support Study (HeSSup). Multimorbidity at baseline was ascertained from a combination of self-reported, physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, and nationwide cancer and medication reimbursement registers. WLE from age 50 up to 68 years was ascertained utilising linked data from a nationwide register of pensionable earnings. WLE was estimated utilising a multi-state models in R.Results: Our findings were based on data from 56,079 women and 17,078 men aged ≥50 years. In FPS, women and men with two chronic diseases could expect to work about 9 months less and those with three or more chronic diseases could expect to work about a year less than those with no chronic disease. In HeSSup, women and men with three or more diseases had about 2-3 years shorter WLEs than those with no disease. In both studies participants with physical-mental multimorbidity had 3-12 months shorter WLEs and individuals with multimorbidity comprising two physical diseases had 8-10 months shorter WLEs than those with no chronic disease. The patterns were similar across the socioeconomic positions.Conclusion: Women and men with multiple chronic diseases could expect to work ∼1 year less than those with no chronic disease. The differences in WLE can have important economic implications to individuals, health services and society.</p
ICISE '23 : Proceedings of the 2023 8th International Conference on Information Systems Engineering
No full textThe rise of digitalization has led to a surge in the utilization of web services. Online services offer a convenient way to carry out many everyday tasks. However, third-party web analytics used in many essential web services cause privacy issues as confidential personal data may inadvertently be transmitted to these third parties. In this paper, we examine the reasons for third-party data leaks in web-based services from a software engineering point of view based on our earlier studies as well as the existing literature. We also offer several recommendations and guidelines for developers to alleviate these privacy issues in the future
Building social capital in a new home country. A closer look into the predictors of bonding and bridging relationships of migrant populations at different education levels
Get PDFThis article explores the factors that may facilitate or hinder the development of migrant social capital in a settlement country. We build on Robert Putnam’s dyad of bonding and bridging social capital, which are here combined into a single categorical dependent variable. As earlier research shows that higher educated migrants tend to form more extensive social relationships, we explore whether they draw from different background factors to build social capital than those with less education.Separate multinomial regression analyses are conducted for the two education groups using data from the Survey on Well-Being among Foreign Born Population in Finland (n: 5,247). The study finds important differences but also similarities between the education groups. The higher educated group most commonly possesses abundant social capital (i.e. extensive bonding and bridging relationships), while in the lower education group, the proportion of people with scarce social capital (limited bonding and bridging relationships) outnumbers those with abundant capital by over twofold. A satisfactory level of income emerges as the single most important underlying factor that both education groups draw from to build abundant social capital, but it is a far more common characteristic in the higher educationgroup. Yet, income is not enough to explain the disparity between the education groups. Furthermore, the migration-related characteristics shield the higher education group from scarce or one-sided social capital. The lower educated group derive benefits from education obtained in the new home country. Individual characteristicsoutweigh the importance of context-related factors for social capital development.</p
Timing and frequency of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma recurrences after treatment with curative intent
Get PDFBackgroundThe increasing number of patients under surveillance after treatment of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) places a great burden on healthcare providers.Aims/objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore OPSCC recurrences in a long follow-up period: their site, frequency and timepoint after primary treatment, treatment and outcome. The secondary aim was to investigate if the recurrences are diagnosed on routine follow-up visits, and if the p16 status will have an effect on the pattern of recurrences.Material and methodsWe analyzed recurrences within a 10-year follow-up period after completed curatively intended treatment among OPSCC patients in Finland treated between 2000 and 2009. Patient-, tumor-, treatment- and follow-up -related parameters were investigated.ResultsOut of 495 patients with no residual tumor during the first six months, 71 (14%) were diagnosed with a recurrence, of which 47 were locoregional and 28 were treated with curative intent. Of the recurrences, 86% were diagnosed during the first 36 months after primary treatment. Only ten recurrences appeared after 36 months. The median OS after recurrence was 10.9 months.Conclusions and significanceRoutine follow-up longer than three years after treatment seems not to be effective in terms of detecting OPSCC recurrences.</p
Optimizing atomic structures through geno-mathematical programming
Get PDFIn this paper, we describe our initiative to utilize a modern well-tested numerical
platform in the field of material physics: the Genetic Hybrid Algorithm (GHA).
Our aim is to develop a powerful special-purpose tool for finding ground state structures.
Our task is to find the diamond bulk atomic structure of a silicon supercell
through optimization. We are using the semi-empirical Tersoff potential. We focus on
a 2x2x1 supercell of cubic silicon unit cells; of the 32 atoms present, we have fixed 12
atoms at their correct positions, leaving 20 atoms for optimization. We have been able
to find the known global minimum of the system in different 19-, 43- and 60-parameter
cases. We compare the results obtained with our algorithm to traditional methods of
steepest descent, simulated annealing and basin hopping. The difficulties of the optimization
task arise from the local minimum dense energy landscape of materials and
a large amount of parameters. We need to navigate our way efficiently through these
minima without being stuck in some unfavorable area of the parameter space. We
employ different techniques and optimization algorithms to do this.</p
SN2016coi (ASASSN-16fp): An Energetic H-stripped Core-collapse Supernova from a Massive Stellar Progenitor with Large Mass Loss
Get PDFWe present comprehensive observations and analysis of the energetic H-stripped SN 2016coi (a.k.a. ASASSN-16fp), spanning the gamma-ray through optical and radio wavelengths, acquired within the first hours to similar to 420 days post explosion. Our observational campaign confirms the identification of He in the supernova (SN) ejecta, which we interpret to be caused by a larger mixing of Ni into the outer ejecta layers. By modeling the broad bolometric light curve, we derive a large ejecta-mass-to-kinetic-energy ratio (M-ej similar to 4-7 M-circle dot, E-k similar to (7-8) x 10(51) erg). The small [Ca II] lambda lambda 7291,7324 to [O I] lambda lambda 6300,6364 ratio (similar to 0.2) observed in our late-time optical spectra is suggestive of a large progenitor core mass at the time of collapse. We find that SN 2016coi is a luminous source of X-rays (L-X > 10(39) erg s(-1) in the first similar to 100 days post explosion) and radio emission (L-8.5 (GHz) similar to 7 x 10(27) erg s(-1) Hz(-1) at peak). These values are in line with those of relativistic SNe (2009bb, 2012ap). However, for SN 2016coi, we infer substantial pre-explosion progenitor mass loss with a rate (M)over dot similar to (1-2) x 10(-4) M-circle dot yr(-1) and a sub-relativistic shock velocity v(sh) similar to 0.15c, which is in stark contrast with relativistic SNe and similar to normal SNe. Finally, we find no evidence for a SN-associated shock breakout gamma-ray pulse with energy E-gamma > 2 x 10(46) erg. While we cannot exclude the presence of a companion in a binary system, taken together, our findings are consistent with a massive single-star progenitor that experienced large mass loss in the years leading up to core collapse, but was unable to achieve complete stripping of its outer layers before explosion
Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy
Get PDFIn line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites
Patient engagement practice within perinatal eHealth: A scoping review
Get PDFBackground: There is a gap in knowledge about how perinatal eHealth programs function to support autonomy for new and expectant parents from pursuing wellness goals.Objectives: To examine patient engagement (access, personalization, commitment and therapeutic alliance) within the practice of perinatal eHealth.Design: Scoping review.Methods: Five databases were searched in January 2020 and updated in April 2022. Reports were vetted by three researchers and included if they documented maternity/neonatal programs and utilized World Health Organization (WHO) person-centred digital health intervention (DHI) categories. Data were charted using a deductive matrix containing WHO DHI categories and patient engagement attributes. A narrative synthesis was conducted utilizing qualitative content analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 'extension for scoping reviews' guidelines were followed for reporting.Results: Twelve eHealth modalities were found across 80 included articles. The analysis yielded two conceptual insights: (1) The nature of perinatal eHealth programs: (1) emergence of a complex structure of practice and (2) practising patient engagement within perinatal eHealth.Conclusion: Results will be used to operationalize a model of patient engagement within perinatal eHealth.</p