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Preoperatiivinen anemia
Get PDFLeikkauspotilaan anemia on yhteydessä huonompaan
ennusteeseen. Anemian oikea-aikainen hoito tähtää
verituotteiden käytön vähentämiseen.</p
Compact Symmetric Objects. III. Evolution of the High-luminosity Branch and a Possible Connection with Tidal Disruption Events
Get PDFWe use a sample of 54 compact symmetric objects (CSOs) to confirm that there are two unrelated CSO classes: an edge-dimmed, low-luminosity class (CSO 1), and an edge-brightened, high-luminosity class (CSO 2). Using blind tests, we show that CSO 2s consist of three subclasses: CSO 2.0, having prominent hot spots at the leading edges of narrow jets and/or narrow lobes; CSO 2.2, without prominent hot spots and with broad jets and/or lobes; and CSO 2.1, which exhibit mixed properties. Most CSO 2s do not evolve into larger jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN), but spend their whole life cycle as CSOs of size ≲500 pc and age ≲5000 yr. The minimum energies needed to produce the radio luminosity and structure in CSO 2s range from ∼10−4M⊙c2 to ∼7 M⊙c2. We show that the transient nature of most CSO 2s, and their birth rate, can be explained through ignition in the tidal disruption events of stars. We also consider possibilities of tapping the spin energy of the supermassive black hole, and tapping the energy of the accretion disk. Our results demonstrate that CSOs constitute a large family of AGN in which we have thus far studied only the brightest. More comprehensive CSO studies, with higher sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range, will revolutionize our understanding of AGN and the central engines that power them.</p
Indole-3-propionic acid promotes hepatic stellate cells inactivation
Get PDFBackground & aimsWe have previously reported that the serum levels of gut-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are lower in individuals with liver fibrosis. Now, we explored the transcriptome and DNA methylome associated with serum IPA levels in human liver from obese individuals together with IPA effects on shifting the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) phenotype to inactivation in vitro.MethodsA total of 116 obese individuals without type 2 diabetes (T2D) (age 46.8 ± 9.3 years; BMI: 42.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2) from the Kuopio OBesity Surgery (KOBS) study undergoing bariatric surgery were included. Circulating IPA levels were measured using LC-MS, liver transcriptomics with total RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation with Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) where used for in vitro experiments.ResultsSerum IPA levels were associated with the expression of liver genes enriched for apoptosis, mitophagy and longevity pathways in the liver. AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) was the shared and topmost interactive gene from the liver transcript and DNA methylation profile. IPA treatment induced apoptosis, reduced mitochondrial respiration as well as modified cell morphology, and mitochondrial dynamics by modulating the expression of genes known to regulate fibrosis, apoptosis, and survival in LX-2 cells.ConclusionIn conclusion, these data support that IPA has a plausible therapeutic effect and may induce apoptosis and the HSC phenotype towards the inactivation state, extending the possibilities to suppress hepatic fibrogenesis by interfering with HSC activation and mitochondrial metabolism.</p
Loanwords in Basic Vocabulary as an Indicator of Borrowing Profiles
Get PDFLoanwords carry information on linguistic interactions, and can also reveal (pre-)historical population contacts. The contact history of a particular language family is an essential component of historical linguistics, but it is also illuminating for integrative studies of the human past. However, data availability and the time-consuming nature of etymology mean that comprehensive research on loanword layers exists for relatively few languages, forcing us to rely on limited material for others. This paper compares the loanword layers in the basic and total vocabulary of six well-studied Uralic languages, assessing how accurately the borrowing profile in basic vocabulary reflects the full profile of a language. We define "borrowing profile"as the known contact history of a language reflected by its loanword layers. We demonstrate that the loanword layers in basic vocabulary provide an adequate cross-section of the full borrowing profile, although basic vocabulary manifests prehistoric contacts more strongly than more recent contacts
Schlaf gut! - Nuku hyvin! Zur Versprachlichung der Trauer auf Tierfriedhöfen. Ein deutsch-finnischer Vergleich
Get PDF In today’s society, the relationship between humans and animals is constantly changing. This shift, often referred to as the ‘animal turn’, started in the 1970s and has led to a paradigm shift: animals are seen as individuals, as subjects rather than objects. Until recently, pet cemeteries have been primarily studied from within theological, cultural, and sociological frameworks. Language, however, has only been scarcely examined, if at all. Pet cemeteries are places where foreign languages are used, and the study looks at the manifestations and origins of these languages. A comparison of inscriptions from the cemeteries showed that mourning is expressed in a much more emotional way in a German cemetery (here: Saarbrücken) than in a cemetery in Finland (here: Turku), where mourning is more reserved. The number of texts in the Turku cemetery is significantly lower than the number of inscriptions in Saarbrücken. In addition to examining the verbalization of mourning, this study offers other interesting issues to be explored: language diversity on pet gravestone inscriptions, dialectal variation, pet names and regional differences among pet gravestones within both countries. </p
Powerlessness and Unfairness. A Letter to Jan Zielonka
Get PDFJan Zielonka’s Counter-Revolution: Liberal Europe in Retreat (Oxford University Press, 2018) is a furious, worried pamphlet on the challenges that European democracies are currently facing, on the apparent riseof illiberalism. This article critically reviews the book and seeks to offer a somewhat different and perhaps more optimistic picture of the current predicaments of European politics. The main point of reference in this respect is Finland, a country whose political institutions have managed, by and large, to uphold a sense of coherence in society. A commitment to participatory, equality-based, and freedom-generating institutions can indeed be seen as a primary means to counter the decline of liberalism.</p
The role of environmental gradients and microclimates in structuring communities and functional groups of lizards in a rainforest-savanna transition area
Get PDFEnvironmental heterogeneity poses a significant influence on the functional characteristics of species and communities at local scales. Environmental transition zones, such as at the savanna-forest borders, can act as regions of ecological tension when subjected to sharp variations in the microclimate. For ectothermic organisms, such as lizards, environmental temperatures directly influence physiological capabilities, and some species use different thermoregulation strategies that produce varied responses to local climatic conditions, which in turn affect species occurrence and community dynamics. In the context of global warming, these various strategies confer different types of vulnerability as well as risks of extinction. To assess the vulnerability of a species and understand the relationships between environmental variations, thermal tolerance of a species and community structure, lizard communities in forest-savanna transition areas of two national parks in the southwestern Amazon were sampled and their thermal functional traits were characterized. Then, we investigated how community structure and functional thermal variation were shaped by two environmental predictors (i.e., microclimates estimated locally and vegetation structure estimated from remote sensing). It was found that the community structure was more strongly predicted by the canopy surface reflectance values obtained via remote sensing than by microclimate variables. Environmental temperatures were not the most important factor affecting the occurrence of species, and the variations in ecothermal traits demonstrated a pattern within the taxonomic hierarchy at the family level. This pattern may indicate a tendency for evolutionary history to indirectly influence these functional features. Considering the estimates of the thermal tolerance range and warming tolerance, thermoconformer lizards are likely to be more vulnerable and at greater risk of extinction due to global warming than thermoregulators. The latter, more associated with open environments, seem to take advantage of their lower vulnerability and occur in both habitat types across the transition, potentially out-competing and further increasing the risk of extinction and vulnerability of forest-adapted thermoconformer lizards in these transitional areas
Deep Learning-Based Image Analysis of Liver Steatosis in Mouse Models
Get PDFThe incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a continuously growing health problem worldwide, along with obesity. Therefore, novel methods to both efficiently study the manifestation of nonalco-holic fatty liver disease and to analyze drug efficacy in preclinical models are needed. The present study developed a deep neural network-based model to quantify microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis in the liver on hematoxylin-eosin-stained whole slide images, using the cloud-based platform, Aiforia Create. The training data included a total of 101 whole slide images from dietary interventions of wild-type mice and from two genetically modified mouse models with steatosis. The algorithm was trained for the following: to detect liver parenchyma, to exclude the blood vessels and any artefacts generated during tissue processing and image acquisition, to recognize and differentiate the areas of micro-vesicular and macrovesicular steatosis, and to quantify the recognized tissue area. The results of the image analysis replicated well the evaluation by expert pathologists and correlated well with the liver fat content measured by EchoMRI ex vivo, and the correlation with total liver triglycerides was notable. In conclusion, the developed deep learning-based model is a novel tool for studying liver steatosis in mouse models on paraffin sections and, thus, can facilitate reliable quantification of the amount of steatosis in large preclinical study cohorts. (Am J Pathol 2023, 193: 1072-1080; https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.014
Prevalence of odontogenic cysts in a group of Libyan population: A retrospective study
Get PDFBackground: Odontogenic cysts (OCs) are commonly encountered lesions affecting the human jaws having special clinical and radiographic features depending on cyst type. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of odontogenic jaw cysts in a Libyan population in Benghazi and to compare these data with previously published reports from Libyan and other geographic areas.Materials and methods: This is a descriptive study where screening of 2189 biopsies (retrieved from the archives of The Department of Oral Pathology/University of Benghazi, Libya) was performed for the sake of recognizing the three cysts chosen for the purpose of this study.Results: : Out of the screened lesions, 276 cases (12.6%) were diagnosed as odontogenic cysts in the period from 2006 to 2019. Of those, 67.39% were inflammatory and 32.61% were developmental in nature. Radicular cysts (60.5%) were the most frequent cysts followed by dentigerous cysts (14.8%) and keratocysts (14.5%). The mean ages of the patients were 32.3, 29.7, and 33.2 years, respectively. Occurrence of the cysts was noticed more in the maxilla than in the mandible (1.3:1). The overall male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1.Conclusions: The prevalence of odontogenic cysts was similar to that reported in a previous study in Libya and other countries irrespective to WHO (2017) classification of odontogenic cysts.</p
Arkeologin koulutus ja työelämä: kyselytutkimuksen tuloksia
Get PDFArtikkelissa tarkastellaan arkeologian opiskelijoiden käsityksiä opinnoistaan ja tulevaisuudestaan sekä valmistuneiden arkeologien kokemuksia saamansa koulutuksen merkityksestä työelämässä 15.2.–31.3.2024 toteutetun kyselytutkimuksen vastausten valossa. Vastauksia verrataan vuonna 2006 toteutettuun edelliseen vastaavaan kyselyyn. Vastausten perusteella opiskelijoiden tulevaisuudennäkymät ovat kirkastuneet. Saatuun koulutukseen suhtaudutaan pääosin myönteisesti, vaikkakin käytännön taitojen oppimisen koetaan jäävän työelämään. Tulevaisuudenkuvia synkentävinä tekijöinä esiin nousivat erityisesti vakituisten työpaikkojen vähäinen määrä ja matala palkkataso.</p