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Neutrino beaming in ultraluminous X-ray pulsars as a result of gravitational lensing by neutron stars
No full textX-ray pulsars experiencing extreme mass accretion rates can produce neutrino emission in the MeV energy band. Neutrinos in these systems are emitted in close proximity to the stellar surface and subsequently undergo gravitational bending in the space curved by a neutron star. This process results in the formation of a distinct beam pattern of neutrino emission and gives rise to the phenomenon of neutrino pulsars. The energy flux of neutrinos, when averaged over the neutron star's pulsation period, can differ from the isotropic neutrino energy flux, which impacts the detectability of bright pulsars in neutrinos. We investigate the process of neutrino beam pattern formation, accounting for neutron star transparency to neutrinos and gravitational bending. Based on simulated neutrino beam patterns, we estimate the potential difference between the actual and apparent neutrino luminosity. We show that the apparent luminosity can greatly exceed the actual luminosity, albeit only in a small fraction of cases, depending on the specific equation of state and the mass of the star. For example, the amplification can exceed a factor of 10 for approximate to 0.05percent of typical neutron stars with the mass of 1.4M(circle dot). Strong amplification is less probable for neutron stars of higher mass. In the case of strange stars, a fraction of high-energy neutrinos can be absorbed, and the beam pattern, as well as the amplification of apparent neutrino luminosity, depends on neutrino energy.</p
The five dimensions of Futures Consciousness
No full textFutures research studies and builds images of possible, probable and preferable futures and paths to such futures. Underlying this effort is human consciousness of futures that is present in everyday anticipatory behaviour and explicit foresight. Futures researchers often aim to increase this consciousness in order to enable decision-making towards more desirable futures. Despite the importance of the concept of Futures Consciousness, and the proliferation of related concepts, there is no commonly used definition or operationalization that would permit empirical research. This article presents a conceptual model of Futures Consciousness that is based on an integrated review and analysis of the descriptions of future consciousness and its related concepts in literature as well as in the theoretical underpinnings of futures research. The model contains five dimensions: 1) Time perspective, 2) Agency beliefs, 3) Openness to alternatives, 4) Systems perception and 5) Concern for others. The model provides the basis for further conceptual development and the operationalization of Futures Consciousness, which would enable its use in empirical research.</p
Eturauhassyövän entsyymikuvantaminen PET-menetelmällä
No full textEturauhassyövän PET-kuvantamisessa on käytetty eri merkkiaineita. Uusi prostataspesifinen merkkiaine (PSMA) on korvannut lähes kaikki aiemmin käytetyt PET-merkkiaineet. PSMA tarjoaa uusia mahdollisuuksia taudin levinneisyyden selvittelyyn ja uusiutumien toteamiseen hyvin pienillä PSA-arvoilla. Näiden lisäksi PSMA:n sopivia käyttöaiheita ovat esimerkiksi oligometastaattisen taudin tunnistaminen ja systeemihoidon tehon seuranta. Menetelmän haasteena ovat usein esiintyvät hyvin pienet luustokertymät (maxSUV </em
Revisiting Language Support for Generic Programming: When Genericity Is a Core Design Goal
No full textContextGeneric programming, as defined by Stepanov, is a methodology for writing efficient and reusable algorithms by considering only the required properties of their underlying data types and operations. Generic programming has proven to be an effective means of constructing libraries of reusable software components in languages that support it. Generics-related language design choices play a major role in how conducive generic programming is in practice.InquirySeveral mainstream programming languages (e.g. Java and C++) were first created without generics; features to support generic programming were added later, gradually. Much of the existing literature on supporting generic programming focuses thus on retrofitting generic programming into existing languages and identifying related implementation challenges. Is the programming experience significantly better, or different when programming with a language designed for generic programming without limitations from prior language design choices?ApproachWe examine Magnolia, a language designed to embody generic programming. Magnolia is representative of an approach to language design rooted in algebraic specifications. We repeat a well-known experiment, where we put Magnolia’s generic programming facilities under scrutiny by implementing a subset of the Boost Graph Library, and reflect on our development experience.KnowledgeWe discover that the idioms identified as key features for supporting Stepanov-style generic programming in the previous studies and work on the topic do not tell a full story. We clarify which of them are more of a means to an end, rather than fundamental features for supporting generic programming. Based on the development experience with Magnolia, we identify variadics as an additional key feature for generic programming and point out limitations and challenges of genericity by property.GroundingOur work uses a well-known framework for evaluating the generic programming facilities of a language from the literature to evaluate the algebraic approach through Magnolia, and we draw comparisons with well-known programming languages.ImportanceThis work gives a fresh perspective on generic programming, and clarifies what are fundamental language properties and their trade-offs when considering supporting Stepanov-style generic programming. The understanding of how to set the ground for generic programming will inform future language design.</p
Assembling Therapeutics: Cultures, Politics and Materiality
No full textTherapeutic life management is a billion-dollar business worldwide, woven into the fabric of our daily lives through media culture, workplace activities, technology, healthcare and politics. Reality TV propagates self-improvement through countless makeover shows; schools and kindergartens offer training in emotion management; workers are encouraged to cope with structural stress factors with the help of mindfulness sessions and motivational seminars; and bookstore shelves groan under the weight of popular psychology books promising to unleash one’s inner potential and deliver happiness, love and harmony. Therapeutic discourses are also intertwined with processes of digitalisation, which are opening up new avenues for everyday therapeutic engagement through wearable, near-body computing and mobile health applications. The therapeutic, referring to psychological, spiritual and holistic discourses and practices that encourage cultivation, care and transformation of the self, is so ubiquitous in the codes and conduct of contemporary everyday lives that its normalising power often goes unnoticed. However, as a variant of a longstanding cultural-historical injunction to ‘know thyself’, it significantly shapes the everyday lifeworlds we inhabit.1st Editio
Genetic assessment of subspecies composition in bean goose (Anser fabalis) harvest in Sweden, Finland and Estonia
No full textBean goose (Anser fabalis) harvest in Europe consists of two subspecies, whose conservation statuses are different. However, the proportions of each subspecies in hunting bags are unknown. We studied the subspecies composition among harvested bean geese in Sweden, Finland and Estonia by sequencing a short mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region (210 bp). The proportion of taiga bean geese (A. f. fabalis) over two hunting seasons was 94% in Sweden, but only 5.8% and 11% in Estonia and southeastern Finland, respectively. The majority of harvested bean geese in Estonia and southeastern Finland were tundra bean geese (A. f. rossicus), and hence the results show that the Finnish spatio-temporal harvest regulations have successfully managed to focus the harvest mostly to the abundant tundra bean goose. We also detected mitochondrial heteroplasmy, i.e. multiple mtDNA variants within some of the individuals. In addition, we discovered a few exceptional individuals with an mtDNA haplotype belonging to eastern taiga bean goose (A. f. middendorffii) or greater white-fronted goose (A. albifrons), which could be hybrids between bean goose subspecies or interspecific hybrids. Hybrid individuals are a problem to this type of method. We also noted that it was not possible to distinguish bean geese and pink-footed goose (A. brachyrhynchus). Our derived method is more cost-efficient than previously used molecular methods, and could be used to monitor bean goose hunting bag in the future
”I would say that a user is the king” – Indian student designers´ conceptions of a design process and potential implications for schools
No full textDesign education and the design process have been
focuses for research in recent studies in developing innovative solutions to
problems and challenges worldwide as well as in educational contexts where
there is a need to develop pedagogical design and innovation processes in
educational settings. The current Finnish Core curriculum for basic education
2014 (FNAE 2016) emphasises design education and design process in craft,
design and technology learning. To understand in-depth design methods and the
meaning of design in a different cultural context, this study was executed at a
distinguished design community, the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur.
The study is part of the FINDIgATE project, which aimed for Finnish and Indian
Well-being through Education. Design and craft have a common goal to aspire
towards well-being and coping with life. The project created a new research
community between Finland and India. Several studies were conducted within the
project: Indians studied the Finnish education to develop their own activity
and comparative study was also conducted. This study focuses on exploring the
conceptions of Indian design students.
The theoretical background of this phenomenological research
consists of defining design and design processes, also design education and
design as part of a holistic craft process. The data collection method is a
thematic interview. The data collection was carried out in three group
interviews and as an additional individual interview. The interview material
was analysed by data-driven content analysis.
According to the results, Indian student designers
(N=14) see design as a multidisciplinary collaborative user service in
different areas of life. The design process is structured through the
definition of the design task and the problem to be solved, through user
research, ideas, prototyping and testing. Documentation is an important part of
the whole design process. The different phases of the design process of Indian
student designers seem to be applicable to pedagogical design and innovation
processes as well as holistic craft processes in the context of education. The
user-oriented design process seems a potential approach to Craft, Design and
Technology education and cross-curricular design processes across pedagogical
contexts.
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ARES '17: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security
No full textEngineering methods are essential in software development, and form a crucial element in the design and implementation of software security. Security engineering processes and activities have a long and well-standardized history of integration with software development methods. The inception of iterative and incremental software development methods raised suspicions of an inherent incompatibility between the traditional non-agile security processes and the new agile methods. This suspicion still affects the attitude towards agile security. To examine and explore this myth, this study presents a literature review of a selected set of agile secure software development methods. A systematic literature method was used to find the definitive set of secure agile software development methods, of which a core set of 11 papers was selected for analysis, and the security activities documented in the methods were extracted. The results show a wide and well-documented adaptation of security activities in agile software development, with the observed activities covering the whole security development life cycle. Based on the analysis, the inherent insecurity of the agile software development methods can be declared to be a mere myth.</p
Sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuuden seuraukset sosiaalityön johtajien kuvaamina The consequences of turnover among social workers described by social work supervisors
No full textSosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuudesta on puhuttu pitkään. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme aiemmista tutkimuksista poiketen sitä, miten sosiaalityön johtajat jäsentävät sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuuden seurauksia. Tutkimusaineistomme koostuu kahdeksasta sosiaalityön johtajan teemahaastattelusta, jotka toteutettiin Varsinais-Suomen alueella alkukeväästä 2020. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuuden seuraukset jäsentyivät analyysissä yksilöihin kohdistuviksi seurauksiksi, sosiaalityön yhteisöihin kohdistuviksi seurauksiksi ja sosiaalityön yhteiskunnallisiksi seurauksiksi. Vaihtuvuudesta seurasi kuormitusta asiakkaille, sosiaalityöntekijöille, sosiaalityön johtajille ja työyhteisöille. Sosiaalityön johtajien mukaan vaihtuvuus heikentää sosiaalityön palveluiden laatua ja vaikuttavuutta. Vaihtuvuus rapauttaa myös sosiaalityön profession perustuksia sekä horjuttaa sosiaalityön ammattietiikan ja yhteiskunnallisen tehtävän toteuttamista. Vaikka vaihtuvuudella saattaa olla positiivisiakin seurauksia, tässä tutkimuksessa sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuus näyttäytyi enimmäkseen toimintaa rapauttavana ja ongelmallisena. Tulosten mukaan vaihtuvuudella on sosiaalityössä niin kielteisiä seurauksia, että sosiaalityöntekijöiden vältettävissä olevaan vaihtuvuuteen pitää aktiivisesti etsiä ratkaisuja.Turnover among social workers has been discussed for a long time. Previous studies have focused on the causes of turnover from the social workers’ perspective, whereas this study considers the consequences of turnover described by social work supervisors. Our research data consist of eight thematic interviews conducted in Finland in early 2020. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Our results show that the turnover of social workers burdens clients, workers, supervisors, and organisations. According to the supervisors, turnover among social workers also impairs the quality and effectiveness of social work services. Moreover, turnover erodes the foundations of the social work profession and undermines the implementation of professional ethics and missions. Whilst turnover may sometimes have positive consequences, in this study the social work turnover was mostly defined as dysfunctional and problematic. In the light of our results, there is an urgent need to find a solution to the avoidable turnover of social workers.</p