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Shock and SEP Modeling Study for the 2022 September 5 SEP Event
No full textOn 2022 September 5, during Parker Solar Probe's (PSP) 13th encounter, a fast shock wave and a related solar energetic particle (SEP) event were observed as the spacecraft approached the perihelion of its orbit. Observations from the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS circle dot IS) instrument suite show that SEPs arrived at the spacecraft with a significant delay from the onset of the parent solar eruption and that the first arriving SEPs exhibited an inverse velocity dispersion (IVD) for energetic protons above similar to 1 MeV. Utilizing data from multiple spacecraft, we investigate the eruption dynamics and shock wave propagation. Our analysis includes 3D shock modeling and SEP transport simulations to examine the origins of this SEP event and explore the causes of the delayed SEP onset and the observed IVD. The data-driven SEP simulation reproduces the SEP event onset observed at PSP, its evolving energy spectrum, and the IVD. This IVD is attributed to a relatively slow, ongoing particle acceleration process occurring at the flank of the expanding shock wave intercepted by PSP. This has significant implications for the role of shocks in the release of SEPs at widespread events and for methods used to infer the SEP release times. Furthermore, the match between the simulation and observations worsens when cross-field diffusion is considered, indicating that SEP diffusion had a minor effect on this event. These findings underscore the complexity of SEP events and emphasize the need for advanced modeling approaches to better understand the role of shock waves and other physical processes in SEP acceleration and release
Diego Manzocchi: un volontario italiano alla guerra d’inverno. Fu vera diserzione?
No full textThe history of Diego Manzocchi, the Italian volunteer pilot who died in the Winter War</p
Novel technologies for enrichment, extraction, and determination of phenolic compounds in foods, volume I
No full textAntibody avidity to pertussis toxin after acellular pertussis vaccination and infection
No full textPertussis toxin (PT) is a unique virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, and therefore a key component of acellular pertussis vaccines. Although immunity after infection seems to persist longer than after vaccination, the exact mechanisms are not fully known. In this study the overall binding strength (avidity) of anti-PT IgG antibodies was compared after acellular booster vaccination and infection, as a parameter to evaluate long-lasting protection.Danish and Finnish serum samples from a total of 134 serologically confirmed patients and 112 children who received acellular booster vaccines were included in this study. The concentration of anti-PT IgG was first determined by ELISA, followed by two separate ELISAs to evaluate antibody avidity: either with a dilution series of urea as a bond-breaking agent of antibody and antigen binding and a constant anti-PT IgG concentration between the samples or with a constant dilution ratio of sera and detergent. In addition to urea, the use of diethylamine and ammonium thiocyanate as disruptive agents were first compared between each other.A strong Spearman correlation (R > 0.801) was noted between avidity and concentration of anti-PT IgG antibodies if a constant serum dilution method was used, and avidity was noted to be higher in patients in comparison to vaccinees in Denmark, but not in Finland. However, no correlation between antibody concentration and avidity was found if a constant anti-PT IgG concentration was used (R = -0.157). With this method, avidity after vaccination was significantly higher in comparison to that after infection in both Danish and Finnish subjects (p </p
Reporting and managing ethical issues in intensive care using the critical incident reporting system
No full textBackground: Intensive care nurses frequently encounter ethical issues with potentially severe consequences for nurses, patients, and next of kin. Therefore, ethical issues in intensive care units (ICU) should be recognized and managed.Research objectives: To analyze ethical issues reported by intensive care nurses and how reported issues were managed within the organization using register data from the HaiPro critical incident reporting system (CIRS), and to explore the suitability of this system for reporting and managing ethical issues.Research design: This was a retrospective descriptive register study. CIRS reports on ethical issues in adult ICUs (n = 12) in one hospital district in Finland over 25 months (2019-2021) were analyzed through inductive content analysis and descriptive quantification. The CIRS's suitability for reporting and managing ethical issues was evaluated through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis.Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the University Ethics Committee, and permission to conduct the research was granted before data collection within the organization.Results: CIRS reports on ethical issues (n = 35) made by nurses were found in seven of the 12 ICUs. The CIRS managers of these units managed these reports. The ethical issues described by the nurses were divided into four main categories: nature, situational information, consequences, and contributing factors. Management of reported ethical issues was divided into three main categories: preventive actions proposed by nurses, proposals for actions by CIRS managers, and actions taken by CIRS managers.Conclusions: Systematic register data broadly describe ethical issues and their management, indicating that the CIRS could be suitable for reporting and managing ethical issues, thereby enabling the monitoring and development of ethical quality at the unit and organizational levels.</strong
Base-Filling in Double-Helical Nucleic Acids
No full textBase-filling, i. e., post-synthetic furnishing of an oligonucleotide scaffold with base moieties or their analogues, is an interesting alternative to the conventional approach of sequential coupling of building blocks (modified or otherwise). Reversible attachment of the base moieties is particularly attractive as it allows the use of dynamic combinatorial chemistry and usually leads to higher fidelity. This concept article summarizes the various backbones and coupling reactions used for base-filling over the past fifteen years, discusses the impact of base stacking and pairing on efficiency and fidelity and highlights potential and realized applications
Metabolic signatures across the full spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
No full textBackground & AimsNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease with potentially severe complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we have identified circulating lipid signatures associating with liver fat content and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we develop a metabolomic map across the NAFLD spectrum, defining interconnected metabolic signatures of steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NASH, and fibrosis).MethodsWe performed mass spectrometry analysis of molecular lipids and polar metabolites in serum samples from the European NAFLD Registry patients (n = 627), representing the full spectrum of NAFLD. Using various univariate, multivariate, and machine learning statistical approaches, we interrogated metabolites across 3 clinical perspectives: steatosis, NASH, and fibrosis.ResultsFollowing generation of the NAFLD metabolic network, we identify 15 metabolites unique to steatosis, 18 to NASH, and 15 to fibrosis, with 27 common to all. We identified that progression from F2 to F3 fibrosis coincides with a key pathophysiological transition point in disease natural history, with n = 73 metabolites altered.ConclusionsAnalysis of circulating metabolites provides important insights into the metabolic changes during NAFLD progression, revealing metabolic signatures across the NAFLD spectrum and features that are specific to NAFL, NASH, and fibrosis. The F2–F3 transition marks a critical metabolic transition point in NAFLD pathogenesis, with the data pointing to the pathophysiological importance of metabolic stress and specifically oxidative stress.</p
Self‐Reliant Citizens, Market Deregulation, and Labour Flexibility: The Case of Finnish Entrepreneurship Strategy (2000–2022)
No full textSince 2000, entrepreneurship has come to occupy a central position in Finnish policy, praised not simply as a form of work but as a disciplinary ethos that places increased responsibility on the individual for employment and welfare. From decreased labour productivity, depleting labour supply, insufficient foreign investment, and unemployment to climate deterioration and poverty, entrepreneurship will allegedly offer a solution, if necessary conditions for entrepreneurial development and success are enabled by government intervention. However, the reality of entrepreneurship differs starkly from policy expectations and predictions. Instead, it is a largely precarious form of work that involves financial risk and with monthly earnings subordinate to the national average. To explore this inconsistency, I take inspiration from Bacchi's (2009) 'what's‐the‐problem‐represented‐to‐ be?' (WPR) framework to analyse a total of six strategy documents and five implementation documents from 2000 to 2022. I argue that the problem representations embedded in entrepreneurship policies since the second Lipponen cabinet do not permita broader critique of entrepreneurship, the very subject of these policies, and instead advocate for a series of measures that prioritise market deregulation and strip important labour protections.</p