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Gender Equality Prior to and Following Separation: Nordic and Liberal Policy Inconsistencies
No full textWe compare family policy in Australia and Finland, focusing on child support as interrogating how gender equality ideals and realities play out when families diverge from the dual-parent model. Despite Finland’s de-gendered leave and employment policy, a gender wage gap continues to position mothers as primary carers. In Australia, pre-separation policies are gendered in that leave benefits position mothers as primary carers. In both countries, child support policy took the opposite approach. Finland’s child support policy provides less incentive for the father to take care of children post-separation.</p
Newly graduated nurses' empowerment regarding professional competence and other work-related factors.
Get PDFBACKGROUND
Although both nurse empowerment and competence are fundamental concepts of describing newly graduated nurses' professional development and job satisfaction, only few studies exist on the relationship between these concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how newly graduated nurses assess their empowerment and to clarify professional competence compared to other work-related factors.
METHODS
A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational design was applied. The sample comprised newly graduated nurses (n = 318) in Finland. Empowerment was measured using the 19-item Qualities of an Empowered Nurse scale and the Nurse Competence Scale measured nurses' self-assessed generic competence. In addition to demographic data, the background data included employment sector (public/private), job satisfaction, intent to change/leave job, work schedule (shifts/business hours) and assessments of the quality of care in the workplace. The data were analysed statistically by using Spearman's correlation coefficient as well as the One-Way and Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to estimate the internal consistency.
RESULTS
Newly graduated nurses perceived their level of empowerment and competence fairly high. The association between nurse empowerment and professional competence was statistically significant. Other variables correlating positively to empowerment included employment sector, age, job satisfaction, intent to change job, work schedule, and satisfaction with the quality of care in the work unit. The study indicates competence had the strongest effect on newly graduated nurses' empowerment.
CONCLUSIONS
New graduates need support and career opportunities. In the future, nurses' further education and nurse managers' resources for supporting and empowering nurses should respond to the newly graduated nurses' requisites for attractive and meaningful work
X-Ray Polarimetry Reveals the Magnetic-field Topology on Sub-parsec Scales in Tycho's Supernova Remnant
Get PDFSupernova remnants are commonly considered to produce most of the Galactic cosmic rays via diffusive shock acceleration. However, many questions regarding the physical conditions at shock fronts, such as the magnetic-field morphology close to the particle acceleration sites, remain open. Here we report the detection of a localized polarization signal from some synchrotron X-ray emitting regions of Tycho's supernova remnant made by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The derived degree of polarization of the X-ray synchrotron emission is 9% +/- 2% averaged over the whole remnant, and 12% +/- 2% at the rim, higher than the value of polarization of 7%-8% observed in the radio band. In the west region, the degree of polarization is 23% +/- 4%. The degree of X-ray polarization in Tycho is higher than for Cassiopeia A, suggesting a more ordered magnetic field or a larger maximum turbulence scale. The measured tangential direction of polarization corresponds to the radial magnetic field, and is consistent with that observed in the radio band. These results are compatible with the expectation of turbulence produced by an anisotropic cascade of a radial magnetic field near the shock, where we derive a magnetic-field amplification factor of 3.4 +/- 0.3. The fact that this value is significantly smaller than those expected from acceleration models is indicative of highly anisotropic magnetic-field turbulence, or that the emitting electrons either favor regions of lower turbulence, or accumulate close to where the orientation of the magnetic field is preferentially radially oriented due to hydrodynamical instabilities
X-ray polarimetry of X-ray pulsar X Persei: another orthogonal rotator?
Get PDF X Persei is a persistent low-luminosity X-ray pulsar of period of ≈ 835 s in a Be binary system. The field strength at the neutron star surface is not known precisely, but indirect signs indicate a magnetic field above 1013 G, which makes the object one of the most magnetized known X-ray pulsars. Here we present the results of observations X Persei performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The X-ray polarization signal was found to be strongly dependent on the spin phase of the pulsar. The energy-averaged polarization degree in 3–8 keV band varied from several to ∼20 per cent over the pulse with a phase dependence resembling the pulse profile. The polarization angle shows significant variation and makes two complete revolutions during the pulse period, resulting in nearly nil pulse-phase averaged polarization. Applying the rotating vector model to the IXPE data we obtain the estimates for the rotation axis inclination and its position angle on the sky, as well as for the magnetic obliquity. The derived inclination is close to the orbital inclination, reported earlier for X Persei. The polarimetric data imply a large angle between the rotation and magnetic dipole axes, which is similar to the result reported recently for the X-ray pulsar GRO J1008−57. After eliminating the effect of polarization angle rotation over the pulsar phase using the best-fitting rotating vector model, the strong dependence of the polarization degree with energy was discovered, with its value increasing from 0 at ∼2 keV to 30per cent at 8 keV. </p
Global proteome response of Synechocystis 6803 to extreme copper environments applied to control the activity of the inducible petJ promoter
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Proceedings of the Technology-Enhanced Learning in Laboratories workshop (TELL 2023), April 27, 2023, Online
Get PDFDigital laboratories and simulations have been employed as a teaching method for decades. Their main purpose was to complement theoretical teaching and practical laboratory training. Recent studies have also shown that digital laboratories could enhance students’ learning through increasing intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. In this study, we examined the student perception of using digital laboratories in 13 courses within Biomedicine/Life Science at two different universities, University of Turku and Karolinska Institutet. Using two different sets of survey questionnaires, we collected students’ responses and comments students after the end of each course. Students were generally positive to the use of digital laboratories to complement their study. They reported they experienced a moderate increase in motivation and interests to the course content. The digital laboratories could, to some extent, help them integrate theory and practice, and prepare for the real-life laboratory sessions. These findings helped university teachers to gain insight on course design when incorporating digital laboratories in university courses. In this study, we also found that digital laboratories, at this present setting, could not support the teamwork and interactions between students that took place in the real-life laboratory sessions. Since a large amount of data was collected in digital laboratory modules, learning analytics would in the future help to identify the difficult concepts that would require follow-up in other teaching and learning activities. Learning analytics would also provide valuable insight for an informed decision when choosing appropriate education tools for the future generation.</p