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Kohti oppimisyhteiskuntaa : Koulutuspolitiikan uusi suunta ja korkeakoulutuksen muuttuva maisema
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”Kun olin nuori, pidin sukupolvikuilua itseni ja
vanhempienivälillä suurimpana ihmiskunnan historiassa.Nyt opetan Tampereen
yliopistossa 1990-luvulla syntyneitänuoria ja tajuan, että ero heihin on vielä
suurempi”Mikko Lehtonen, mediakulttuurin prof. (TaY)(HS, kotimaa 18.2.2015).Edellä
esitetty sitaatti kuvaa sukupolvien kuilua, joka on aiheenainspiroinut tieteen
ja taiteen tekijöitä teollisuusyhteiskunnanvarhaisista vaiheista lähtien.
Aiheen kiinnostavuus selittyy ainakinosittain sillä, että sukupolvien välisissä
suhteissa avautuuyhteiskunnallisen muutoksen dynamiikka: siinä missä nuoriinja
nuoruuteen liitetään yhteiskunnan ja kulttuurin muutos, vanhempiväki saattaa
kokea muutokset uhkaavina. Mitä rajumpia janopeampia yhteiskunnalliset ja
kulttuuriset muutokset ovat, sitäenemmän ne ravistelevat paitsi yhteiskuntaa ja
sen instituutiota,myös identiteettiä, yksilön käsitystä itsestään ja
yhteiskunnallisestapaikastaan.
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Defining and Modeling Forced Trust and Its Dependencies in Smart Environments
Get PDFIn this paper, the concept of forced trust in smart environments is defined. Consequently, a trust model for mapping trust dependencies within these environments is proposed to aid in early detection and mitigation of issues caused by forced trust. The model represents the trust relationships between parties with regard to data transfers occurring in smart environments. Using three example projects utilised in smart environments, the applicability of the model is demonstrated for identifying common risks experienced by citizens in such environments, including undisclosed data utilisation, mass surveillance, and regionally weak privacy and data protection laws. The proposed model is a basis for forming an overview of the trust landscape in information system and service-related projects. Additionally, it aids with analysing how the actions of these contributing parties could pose risks, for example, to the privacy or security of the data, and consequently propagate to the denizens of these environments
Prediction of violence or threat of violence among employees in social work, healthcare and education: the Finnish Public Sector cohort study
Get PDFObjectives: To develop a risk prediction algorithm for identifying work units with increased risk of violence in the workplace.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: Public sector employees in Finland.Participants: 18 540 nurses, social and youth workers, and teachers from 4276 work units who completed a survey on work characteristics, including prevalence and frequency of workplace violence/threat of violence at baseline in 2018-2019 and at follow-up in 2020-2021. Those who reported daily or weekly exposure to violence or threat of violence daily at baseline were excluded.Exposures: Mean scores of responses to 87 survey items at baseline were calculated for each work unit, and those scores were then assigned to each employee within that work unit. The scores measured sociodemographic characteristics and work characteristics of the work unit.Primary outcome measure: Increase in workplace violence between baseline and follow-up (0=no increase, 1=increase).Results: A total of 7% (323/4487) of the registered nurses, 15% (457/3109) of the practical nurses, 5% of the social and youth workers (162/3442) and 5% of the teachers (360/7502) reported more frequent violence/threat of violence at follow-up than at baseline. The area under the curve values estimating the prediction accuracy of the prediction models were 0.72 for social and youth workers, 0.67 for nurses, and 0.63 for teachers. The risk prediction model for registered nurses included five work unit characteristics associated with more frequent violence at follow-up. The model for practical nurses included six characteristics, the model for social and youth workers seven characteristics and the model for teachers included four characteristics statistically significantly associated with higher likelihood of increased violence.Conclusions: The generated risk prediction models identified employees working in work units with high likelihood of future workplace violence with reasonable accuracy. These survey-based algorithms can be used to target interventions to prevent workplace violence.</p
”Hinta hieman rajoittaa käsitystä kaikille tasavertaisesta koulutusmahdollisuudesta” – opiskelijoiden kokemuksia avoimen yliopiston opintomaksuista
Get PDFKorkeakoulutuksen tasa-arvon yhtenä peruspilarina on Suomessa pidetty tutkintokoulutuksen maksuttomuutta. Avoimen yliopiston tehtäväksi on nähty koulutuksellisen tasa-arvon lisääminen. Tutkintoon johtamaton avoin yliopisto-opetus on kuitenkin lähtökohtaisesti maksullista. Avoimen väylä puolestaan on opiskelijavalintatapa, joka perustuu avoimessa yliopistossa suoritettuihin opintoihin. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee, 1) miten avoimen yliopiston opiskelijat kokevat opintomaksut, 2) mitkä tekijät ovat yhteydessä opiskelijoiden maksuissa kokemiin haasteisiin ja 3) millaisia näkökulmia opiskelijoilla on avoimen yliopiston opintomaksuihin. Aineistona oli vuonna 2018 toteutettu valtakunnallinen opiskelijakysely (N=4709). Tutkimustulosten mukaan opintomaksut aiheuttivat haasteita osalle opiskelijoista. Eniten haasteita opintomaksuissa kokivat matalasti koulutetut, nuoremmat ikäluokat, työttömät ja pienituloiset. Avointen vastausten analyysissa tunnistettiin kolme näkökulmaa opintomaksuihin: 1) maksut eriarvoistavana tekijänä, 2) opiskelija maksavana asiakkaana ja 3) taloudellinen tuki opintojen mahdollistajana. Opintomaksut eriarvoistavat mahdollisuuksia opiskella avoimessa yliopistossa ja vahvistavat koulutuskuluttajuuteen kytkettyjä käsityksiä koulutuksesta yksityisenä hyödykkeenä. Tutkimus tuo avointa yliopistoa käsittelevään tutkimukseen uuden näkökulman: opiskelijoiden kokemukset avoimen yliopiston opintomaksuista.</p
One-click annotation to improve segmentation by a convolutional neural network for PET images of head and neck cancer patients
Get PDFA convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to perform fully automatic tumor segmentation from the positron emission tomography (PET) images of head and neck cancer patients but the predictions often contain false positive segmentation caused by the high concentration of the tracer substance in the human brain. A potential solution would be a one-click annotation in which a user points the location of the tumor by clicking the image. This information can then be given either directly to a CNN or an algorithm that fixes its predictions. In this article, we compare the fully automatic segmentation to four semi-automatic approaches by using 962 transaxial slices collected from the PET images of 100 head and neck cancer patients. According to our results, a semi-automatic segmentation method with information about the center of the tumor performs the best with a median Dice score of 0.708
Nutritional metabolomics: Recent developments and future needs
Get PDFMetabolomics has rapidly been adopted as one of the key methods in nutrition research. This review focuses on the recent developments and updates in the field, including the analytical methodologies that encompass improved instrument sensitivity, sampling techniques and data integration (multiomics). Metabolomics has advanced the discovery and validation of dietary biomarkers and their implementation in health research. Metabolomics has come to play an important role in the understanding of the role of small molecules resulting from the diet–microbiota interactions when gut microbiota research has shifted towards improving the understanding of the activity and functionality of gut microbiota rather than composition alone. Currently, metabolomics plays an emerging role in precision nutrition and the recent developments therein are discussed.</div
Population-Based Screening for Language Delay: Let’s Talk STEPS Study
Get PDFThis study evaluates the
reliability of two differently constructed screening instruments for language
delay. Only few studies have addressed the question of early identification at
population level. Data for this article were drawn from a Finnish cohort study,
entitled the Steps to the Healthy Development and Well-Being of Children (the
STEPS study, N = 9.936). The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories
(CDI-T), based on parent reported vocabulary, was used for screening at 24
months. At 36 months, child’s language skills were screened with the Fox
Language Inventory (FLI) carried out by a clinical nurse. The Renfrew Word
Finding Vocabulary Test and Reynell Developmental Language Scales III (language
comprehension), served as outcome measures at 36 months. Receiver operating
characteristic-analysis (ROC) was used to examine the cost and benefit of the
two screening methods in decision making at 36 months. We found that expressive
vocabulary at 24 months, can already foretell later language development.
However, to reach even better predictivity, screening based on a structured
language battery and age point of 36 months would be a valuable addition to
clinical assessment. Further studies are needed to address to what extend early
screening is able to predict atypical language during later
preschool-years.</p
Sozioökonomie und Wirtschaftssoziologie im Spiegel sozialwissenschaftlicher Bildung
Get PDFIn the paper it is discussed why the concept of socio-economic education is relevant for developing economic education also in Finland. Reinhold Hedtke has emphasised plurality, multiperspectivity and criticality as central in socio-economic education. Also the curriculum for economic education in Finnish schools would need to be more informed by them so as to avoid the pitfalls of economy teaching where the Homo oeconomicus is the central assumption. It is pointed out in the paper that with its aim to support citizens’ self-determination as agents in society socio-economic education connects with the Bildung tradition that is familiar also in the educational traditions of the Nordic countries.In dem Beitrag wird diskutiert, warum das Konzept der sozioökonomischen Bildung für die Entwicklung der wirtschaftlichen Bildung auch in Finnland relevant ist. Reinhold Hedtke hat Pluralität, Multiperspektivität und Kritikalität als zentral in der sozioökonomischen Bildung hervorgehoben. Auch der Lehrplan für Wirtschaftsunterricht an finnischen Schulen müsste besser auf diesen orientiert werden, um die Fallstricke des Wirtschaftsunterrichts zu vermeiden, bei dem der Homo oeconomicus eine zentrale Prämisse ist. In dem Beitrag wird darauf hingewiesen, dass sozioökonomische Bildung mit ihrem Ziel, die Selbstbestimmung der Bürger*innen als Akteur*innen in der Gesellschaft zu unterstützen, an eine Bildungstradition anknüpft, die auch in den Bildungstraditionen der nordischen Länder verankert ist.</p
Derivation and validation of an artificial intelligence-based plaque burden safety cut-off for long-term acute coronary syndrome from coronary computed tomography angiography
Get PDFAimsArtificial intelligence (AI) has enabled accurate and fast plaque quantification from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). However, AI detects any coronary plaque in up to 97% of patients. To avoid overdiagnosis, a plaque burden safety cut-off for future coronary events is needed.Methods and resultsPercent atheroma volume (PAV) was quantified with AI-guided quantitative computed tomography in a blinded fashion. Safety cut-off derivation was performed in the Turku CCTA registry (Finland), and pre-defined as ≥90% sensitivity for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). External validation was performed in the Amsterdam CCTA registry (the Netherlands). In the derivation cohort, 100/2271 (4.4%) patients experienced ACS (median follow-up 6.9 years). A threshold of PAV ≥ 2.6% was derived with 90.0% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.0%. In the validation cohort 27/568 (4.8%) experienced ACS (median follow-up 6.7 years) with PAV ≥ 2.6% showing 92.6% sensitivity and 99.0% NPV for ACS. In the derivation cohort, 45.2% of patients had PAV ConclusionThis study suggests that PAV up to 2.6% quantified by AI is associated with low-ACS risk in two independent patient cohorts. This cut-off may be helpful for clinical application of AI-guided CCTA analysis, which detects any plaque in up to 96–97% of patients.</p
Patient participation in pro re nata medication in forensic psychiatric care: A nursing document analysis
Get PDFAccessible summaryWhat is known on the subjectAs-needed medication is commonly used for psychiatric inpatients' acute psychiatric and physical symptoms. Both patients and staff can initiate such medication.Earlier studies have focused on what and how as-needed medication has been used for psychiatric reasons. Little is known about how patients participate in planning, administration and evaluation of as-needed medication and its alternatives. Nursing documentation provides an insight into these practices.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeLong-term inpatients have an active role in initiating as-needed medication. However, patients and staff may have divergent opinions on the need for medication.Alternatives to medication are mostly proposed by staff, and the feedback on as-needed medication events is usually provided from nurses' point of view.What are the implications for practicePatients' views on decision-making and evaluation should be noticed and documented more.Patient participation can be promoted by planning as-needed medication and its alternatives beforehand.Introduction Pro re nata (PRN) medication is unscheduled and used for acute physical and psychiatric symptoms. Previous studies have focused on the what and how of psychotropic PRN administration. Initiators of PRN events and occasions in which PRN was denied have rarely been studied. Thus, knowledge of patient participation in PRN is fragmented.Aim We aimed to describe and explain long-term psychiatric inpatients' participation in relation to planning and initiation of, as well as decisions and feedback on their PRN medication treatment.Methods We retrieved data from patients' (n = 67) nursing documentation in a Finnish forensic psychiatric hospital in 2018. Data were analysed using statistical methods.Results All patients were prescribed PRN, and they initiated half of the 8,626 PRN events identified, in a 1-year period. Non-pharmacological strategies were rarely (6%) documented, and most of them were initiated by staff (76%). Feedback on PRN was usually from a nurse's viewpoint (71%). Nurses' feedback was positive (80%) more often than patients' (50%).Discussion Patient participation needs to be recognized throughout the PRN process. Future research could continue to explore patient participation in planning and evaluating their PRN medication.Implications for practice Patients participate in PRN by requesting medication. Their participation can be developed by supporting patients to communicate their choice of non-pharmacological methods, take the initiative for medication when needed and disclose their viewpoint on the effects of PRN