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Mechanical Properties and Ion Release from Fibre-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and ion release from a commercially available resin-modified glass ionomer cement to a formulation reinforced by the addition of short glass fibres at various percentages. Methods: Three experimental groups were prepared by adding a mass ratio of 10%, 15% and 20% of short glass fibres to the powder portion of the cement from a capsule (GC Fuji II LC), while the control group contained no fibres. Microhardness (n = 12), fracture toughness, and flexural, compressive and diametral tensile strength (n = 8) were evaluated. To study ion release, readings were obtained utilising fluoro-selective and calcium-selective electrodes after 24 h, 7 days and 30 days (n = 12). The spatial distribution of fibres within the material was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni adjustment. Results: The findings suggest that elevating fibre weight ratios to 20 wt% results in improved mechanical properties (p 0.05). Regarding calcium release, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups at any of the evaluated time points (p > 0.05). SEM showed the fibres were homogeneously incorporated into the cement in all experimental groups. Conclusions: Resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with short glass fibres at a weight loading of 20% showcased the most favourable mechanical properties while concurrently maintaining the ability to release fluoride and calcium after a 30-day period.</p
Persistent human bocavirus 1 infection and tonsillar immune responses
Full text linkBackground Persistent human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) infection is a common finding in patients suffering from chronic tonsillar disease. However, the associations between HBoV1 infection and specific immune reactions are not completely known. We aimed to compare in vivo expression of T-cell cytokines, transcription factors, and type I/III interferons in human tonsils between HBoV1-positive and -negative tonsillectomy patients. Methods Tonsil tissue samples, nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), and serum samples were obtained from 143 immunocompetent adult and child tonsillectomy patients. HBoV1 and 14 other respiratory viruses were detected in NPAs and tonsil tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serology and semi-quantitative PCR were used for diagnosing HBoV1 infections. Expression of 14 cytokines and transcription factors (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-28, IL-29, IL-37, TGF-beta, FOXP3, GATA3, RORC2, Tbet) was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR in tonsil tissues. Results HBoV1 was detected by PCR in NPA and tonsils from 25 (17%) study patients. Serology results indicated prior nonacute infections in 81% of cases. Tonsillar cytokine responses were affected by HBoV1 infection. The suppression of two transcription factors, RORC2 and FOXP3, was associated with HBoV1 infection (p Conclusions Our study shows distinctively decreased T-helper(17) and T-regulatory type immune responses in local lymphoid tissue in HBoV1-positive tonsillectomy patients. HBoV1 may act as a suppressive immune modulator.</p
Timing of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after surgery: meta-analysis
Full text linkBackground: The timing at which venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs after major surgery has major implications for the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the timing of postoperative VTE up to 4 weeks after surgery.Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINAHL databases was performed between 1 January 2009 and 1 April 2022. Prospective studies that recruited patients who underwent a surgical procedure and reported at least 20 symptomatic, postoperative VTE events by time were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies according to the eligibility criteria, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias. Data were analysed with a Poisson regression model, and the GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence.Results: Some 6258 studies were evaluated, of which 22 (11 general, 5 urological, 4 mixed, and 2 orthopaedic postoperative surgical populations; total 1 864 875 patients and 24 927 VTE events) were eligible. Pooled evidence of moderate certainty showed that 47.1 per cent of the VTE events occurred during the first, 26.9 per cent during the second, 15.8 per cent during the third, and 10.1 per cent during the fourth week after surgery. The timing of VTE was consistent between individual studies.Conclusion: Although nearly half of symptomatic VTE events in first 4 weeks occur during the first postoperative week, a substantial number of events occur several weeks after surgery. These data will inform clinicians and guideline developers about the duration of postoperative thromboprophylaxis.</p
Professoriliiton lausuma Tieteellisen seuran tutkimusjulkaisujen avoimen saatavuuden osalinjaukseen; Kokooma- ja yksittäisteosten avoimuuden osalinjaus
No full textMultilingualism from Manuscript to 3D: Intersections of Modalities from Medieval to Modern Times
Full text linkThis chapter examines the multimodal and multilingual features of 31 calendars in religious and scientific/utilitarian manuscripts produced in England ca.1300–1550 and containing at least some vernacular textual material. The analysis is guided by questions concerning the genre properties of calendars and processes of vernacularisation. The analysis is targeted at macro-level compositional elements as well as micro-level features of individual calendar entries. The socio-pragmatic context is monitored by paying attention to situational constraints that may have influenced the use of multimodal and multilingual resources.The study brings up multilingual and multimodal patterns that reflect the conventions of the genre while also highlighting possible functional differences underlying producers’ decisions concerning language choice and visual design/composition. The findings indicate that manuscript context played an important role in what information came to be included in the calendar and how it was subsequently shaped. Some calendars can best be described as generic hybrids between calendars and other tabular genres. The use of a diachronic dataset divided into 25-year date groups reveals some changes in the genre features of English calendars during their ca.250-year span.</p
Professoriliiton lausuma Tieteellisen seuran osalinjaukseen: Avoimet oppimis- ja opetuskäytännöt
No full textMitä kannattaa tutkia ENMG:llä?
Full text linkElektroneuromyografia (ENMG) räätälöidään yksilöllisesti kullekin potilaalle kliinisen työhypoteesin mukaisesti – kokonaisuus vaihtelee lyhyestä ja suppeasta erittäin laajaan ja vaativaan tutkimukseen.Ääreishermoston, hermo-lihasliitoksen ja lihasten vaurioiden ja sairauksien diagnostiikassa tutkimus on ensisijainen.ENMG on hyödyllinen neuropaattisen kivun, tuntohäiriöiden ja lihasheikkouden selvittämisessä.Oleellista lisäarvoa ENMG ei anna, jos oireena on toispuolihalvaus tai parapareesi, oireet vaihtavat puolta ja paikkaa tai ovat kohtauksellisia ja lyhytkestoisia.</p
Lachancea thermotolerans fermentative metabolism is enhanced by chitosan under winemaking conditions
Full text linkWine industry is currently exploring different alternatives to sulphur dioxide as an antimicrobial agent, and chitosan is emerging as a highly promising option due to its multiple applications. In the context of climate change, the use of Lachancea thermotolerans to regulate pH and acidity levels during fermentation has become a promising alternative to other physicochemical approaches. This work analysed the impact of chitosan in sequential-mixed fermentations between L. thermotolerans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The presence of chitosan significantly affected the overall fermentation kinetics, resulting in faster fermentations and lower residual sugars, all without an increase in ethanol production. Wines produced under these conditions exhibited increased lactic acid levels (up to 50% more) and decreased malic acid content. This differences significantly influenced final pH (around 0.2 units) and acidity content (up to 1.65 g/L more) when compared to sulphur dioxide-supplemented controls. Chitosan also notably affected to other fermentative by-products, such as glycerol, contributing to improved wine complexity and quality. The addition of chitosan in wine fermentation impacted not only the fermentative performance of key non-Saccharomyces yeasts but the overall quality of the final product. This study provides new insights into the different effects of chitosan during the wine fermentative process
Loss of microRNA-7a2 induces hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility
No full textMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative modulators of gene expression that fine-tune numerous biological processes. miRNA loss-of-function rarely results in highly penetrant phenotypes, but rather, influences cellular responses to physiologic and pathophysiologic stresses. Here, we have reported that a single member of the evolutionarily conserved miR-7 family, miR7a2, is essential for normal pituitary development and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) function in adulthood. Genetic deletion of mir-7a2 causes infertility, with low levels of gonadotropic and sex steroid hormones, small testes or ovaries, impaired spermatogenesis, and lack of ovulation in male and female mice, respectively. We found that miR-7a2 is highly expressed in the pituitary, where it suppresses golgi glycoprotein 1 (GLG1) expression and downstream bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling and also reduces expression of the prostaglandin F2a receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN), an inhibitor of prostaglandin signaling and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Our results reveal that miR-7a2 critically regulates sexual maturation and reproductive function by interconnecting miR-7 genomic circuits that regulate FSH and LH synthesis and secretion through their effects on pituitary prostaglandin and BMP4 signaling
Disability pension and sociodemographic & work-related risk factors among 2.3 million migrants and natives in Finland (2011–2019): a prospective population study
No full textBackgroundIncreasing employment and immigration have been proposed as possible solutions to tackle the problem of the labour force shortage in aging societies. Ensuring sufficient health and work ability among migrants is a key factor in increasing and maintaining their employment. Many studies have found higher disability pension (DP) rates among migrants compared to natives but such studies lack in determining the risk of DP by occupational class and industrial sector. This study explores the risk of DP and the contribution of sociodemographic and work-related factors between migrants and natives in Finland.MethodsFull-population panel data obtained from the administrative registers of Statistics Finland were used to study 2.3 million individuals aged 25–60 years in 2010. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the risk of having a DP in 2011–2019 using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for different sociodemographic and work-related factors.ResultsCompared to natives, migrants had a lower risk of a DP (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.53–0.63). We found great variation between countries of origin, where compared to natives, migrants from refugee-exporting countries (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22–1.53) and other non-European countries (HR 1.30; CI 1.18–1.43) had a higher risk of DP, but migrants from other countries did not differ or had a slightly lower risk of DP than natives. The associations between sociodemographic factors and the risk of DP were very similar between natives and migrants.ConclusionMigrants had a lower risk of a DP than natives except for migrants from outside Europe. The associations between different sociodemographic and work-related factors and the risk of DP were similar between natives and migrants and did not completely explain the differences in the risk of DP.</p