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Genetic assessment of subspecies composition in bean goose (Anser fabalis) harvest in Sweden, Finland and Estonia
No full textBean goose (Anser fabalis) harvest in Europe consists of two subspecies, whose conservation statuses are different. However, the proportions of each subspecies in hunting bags are unknown. We studied the subspecies composition among harvested bean geese in Sweden, Finland and Estonia by sequencing a short mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region (210 bp). The proportion of taiga bean geese (A. f. fabalis) over two hunting seasons was 94% in Sweden, but only 5.8% and 11% in Estonia and southeastern Finland, respectively. The majority of harvested bean geese in Estonia and southeastern Finland were tundra bean geese (A. f. rossicus), and hence the results show that the Finnish spatio-temporal harvest regulations have successfully managed to focus the harvest mostly to the abundant tundra bean goose. We also detected mitochondrial heteroplasmy, i.e. multiple mtDNA variants within some of the individuals. In addition, we discovered a few exceptional individuals with an mtDNA haplotype belonging to eastern taiga bean goose (A. f. middendorffii) or greater white-fronted goose (A. albifrons), which could be hybrids between bean goose subspecies or interspecific hybrids. Hybrid individuals are a problem to this type of method. We also noted that it was not possible to distinguish bean geese and pink-footed goose (A. brachyrhynchus). Our derived method is more cost-efficient than previously used molecular methods, and could be used to monitor bean goose hunting bag in the future
”I would say that a user is the king” – Indian student designers´ conceptions of a design process and potential implications for schools
No full textDesign education and the design process have been
focuses for research in recent studies in developing innovative solutions to
problems and challenges worldwide as well as in educational contexts where
there is a need to develop pedagogical design and innovation processes in
educational settings. The current Finnish Core curriculum for basic education
2014 (FNAE 2016) emphasises design education and design process in craft,
design and technology learning. To understand in-depth design methods and the
meaning of design in a different cultural context, this study was executed at a
distinguished design community, the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur.
The study is part of the FINDIgATE project, which aimed for Finnish and Indian
Well-being through Education. Design and craft have a common goal to aspire
towards well-being and coping with life. The project created a new research
community between Finland and India. Several studies were conducted within the
project: Indians studied the Finnish education to develop their own activity
and comparative study was also conducted. This study focuses on exploring the
conceptions of Indian design students.
The theoretical background of this phenomenological research
consists of defining design and design processes, also design education and
design as part of a holistic craft process. The data collection method is a
thematic interview. The data collection was carried out in three group
interviews and as an additional individual interview. The interview material
was analysed by data-driven content analysis.
According to the results, Indian student designers
(N=14) see design as a multidisciplinary collaborative user service in
different areas of life. The design process is structured through the
definition of the design task and the problem to be solved, through user
research, ideas, prototyping and testing. Documentation is an important part of
the whole design process. The different phases of the design process of Indian
student designers seem to be applicable to pedagogical design and innovation
processes as well as holistic craft processes in the context of education. The
user-oriented design process seems a potential approach to Craft, Design and
Technology education and cross-curricular design processes across pedagogical
contexts.
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ARES '17: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security
No full textEngineering methods are essential in software development, and form a crucial element in the design and implementation of software security. Security engineering processes and activities have a long and well-standardized history of integration with software development methods. The inception of iterative and incremental software development methods raised suspicions of an inherent incompatibility between the traditional non-agile security processes and the new agile methods. This suspicion still affects the attitude towards agile security. To examine and explore this myth, this study presents a literature review of a selected set of agile secure software development methods. A systematic literature method was used to find the definitive set of secure agile software development methods, of which a core set of 11 papers was selected for analysis, and the security activities documented in the methods were extracted. The results show a wide and well-documented adaptation of security activities in agile software development, with the observed activities covering the whole security development life cycle. Based on the analysis, the inherent insecurity of the agile software development methods can be declared to be a mere myth.</p
Sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuuden seuraukset sosiaalityön johtajien kuvaamina The consequences of turnover among social workers described by social work supervisors
No full textSosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuudesta on puhuttu pitkään. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme aiemmista tutkimuksista poiketen sitä, miten sosiaalityön johtajat jäsentävät sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuuden seurauksia. Tutkimusaineistomme koostuu kahdeksasta sosiaalityön johtajan teemahaastattelusta, jotka toteutettiin Varsinais-Suomen alueella alkukeväästä 2020. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuuden seuraukset jäsentyivät analyysissä yksilöihin kohdistuviksi seurauksiksi, sosiaalityön yhteisöihin kohdistuviksi seurauksiksi ja sosiaalityön yhteiskunnallisiksi seurauksiksi. Vaihtuvuudesta seurasi kuormitusta asiakkaille, sosiaalityöntekijöille, sosiaalityön johtajille ja työyhteisöille. Sosiaalityön johtajien mukaan vaihtuvuus heikentää sosiaalityön palveluiden laatua ja vaikuttavuutta. Vaihtuvuus rapauttaa myös sosiaalityön profession perustuksia sekä horjuttaa sosiaalityön ammattietiikan ja yhteiskunnallisen tehtävän toteuttamista. Vaikka vaihtuvuudella saattaa olla positiivisiakin seurauksia, tässä tutkimuksessa sosiaalityöntekijöiden vaihtuvuus näyttäytyi enimmäkseen toimintaa rapauttavana ja ongelmallisena. Tulosten mukaan vaihtuvuudella on sosiaalityössä niin kielteisiä seurauksia, että sosiaalityöntekijöiden vältettävissä olevaan vaihtuvuuteen pitää aktiivisesti etsiä ratkaisuja.Turnover among social workers has been discussed for a long time. Previous studies have focused on the causes of turnover from the social workers’ perspective, whereas this study considers the consequences of turnover described by social work supervisors. Our research data consist of eight thematic interviews conducted in Finland in early 2020. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Our results show that the turnover of social workers burdens clients, workers, supervisors, and organisations. According to the supervisors, turnover among social workers also impairs the quality and effectiveness of social work services. Moreover, turnover erodes the foundations of the social work profession and undermines the implementation of professional ethics and missions. Whilst turnover may sometimes have positive consequences, in this study the social work turnover was mostly defined as dysfunctional and problematic. In the light of our results, there is an urgent need to find a solution to the avoidable turnover of social workers.</p
Turun romantikko. Esseitä Hannu Salmelle.
No full textEsseessä pohditaan James Bondin hahmoa sylkisenä sankarina ja
mediatekstinä, johon on kerääntynyt erilaisia merkityksiä eri
sukupolville ja eri medioissa. </p
Clever-1 positive macrophages in breast cancer
No full textPurpose: Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor 1 (Clever-1) is expressed by a subset of immunosuppressive macrophages and targeting the receptor with therapeutic antibodies has been shown to activate T-cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity. The aim of this research was to study Clever-1 expression in breast cancer. Specifically, how Clever-1 + macrophages correlate with clinicopathologic factors, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and prognosis. Methods: Tissue microarray blocks were made from 373 primary breast cancer operation specimens. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E-staining) and immunohistochemical staining with Clever-1, CD3, CD4 and CD8 antibodies were performed. Differences in quantities of Clever-1 + macrophages and TILs were analyzed. Clever-1 + cell numbers were correlated with 25-year follow-up survival data and with breast cancer clinicopathologic parameters. Results: Low numbers of intratumoral Clever-1 + cells were found to be an independent adverse prognostic sign. Increased numbers of Clever-1 + cells were found in high grade tumors and hormone receptor negative tumors. Tumors that had higher amounts of Clever-1 + cells also tended to have higher amounts of TILs. Conclusion: The association of intratumoral Clever-1 + macrophages with better prognosis might stem from the function of Clever as a scavenger receptor that modulates tumor stroma. The association of Clever-1 + macrophages with high number of TILs and better prognosis indicates that immunosuppression by M2 macrophages is not necessarily dampening adaptive immune responses but instead keeping them in control to avoid excess inflammation.</p
Virtsarakkosyövän avohoito lisääntyi ja kustannusten kasvu tasoittui
No full textLähtökohdat Tarkastelemme virtsarakkosyövän vuosittaisia diagnoosi- ja toimenpidemääriä sekä levinnyttä tautia sairastavien elossaoloa. Selvitämme myös potilaiden palvelunkäytön kustannuksia ja Kelan maksamia korvauksia.Menetelmät Tämä retrospektiivinen tutkimus pohjautuu kansallisiin rekistereihin. Aineisto koostuu suomalaisista virtsarakkosyöpäpotilaista vuosilta 2011–2019. Heidät luokiteltiin kolmeen ryhmään: pinnallinen, paikallisesti edennyt ja levinnyt tauti.Tulokset Avohoitokäyntien määrä erikoissairaanhoidossa lisääntyi. Palvelujen käytön kokonaiskustannukset vuonna 2019 olivat 17 % suuremmat kuin vuonna 2011. Hoidon kustannukset kasvoivat vuosina 2015–2018 vain 2 %, vaikka hoidossa olevien määrä kasvoi samaan aikaan noin 10 %. Keskimääräinen kustannus potilasta kohden pieneni pinnallista ja paikallisesti edennyttä syöpää sairastavilla potilailla, mutta kasvoi levinnyttä syöpää sairastavilla.Päätelmät Rakkosyöpäpotilaiden hoito noudattaa yleistä suuntausta, eli avohoito on lisääntynyt merkittävästi. Resurssien käyttöä, kustannuksia ja hoidon vaikutuksia tulee seurata, jotta voidaan valita vaikuttava hoito.</p
Introduction: the (im)material spectrum of manuscript and print interaction☆
No full textThis introductory essay to the special issue on Early Modern English Textual Cultures Between Manuscript and Print first outlines previous research into different kinds of interaction between manuscript and print. Examples of this interplay include, for instance, the transmission of text and images from one medium into another, the use of manuscript and print sources in the creation of new texts, works and codices, and readers annotating and copying printed sources by hand. We suggest that it is fruitful to consider both material and immaterial aspects of book production when investigating manuscript-print interactions. For instance, scribes copying printed sources may have prioritized the immaterial work being copied or imitated the material features of their exemplar. In our view, the material and the immaterial are intertwined throughout the process of book production. We conclude the introduction by briefly outlining the seven essays in the collection, which address various types of interaction between manuscript and print
Evaluation of a Novel Point-of-Care Blood Myxovirus Resistance Protein A Measurement for the Detection of Viral Infection at the Pediatric Emergency Department
No full textBackground: Prompt differentiation of viral from bacterial infections in febrile children is pivotal in reducing antibiotic overuse. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a promising viral biomarker.Methods: We evaluated the accuracy of a point-of-care (POC) measurement for blood MxA level compared to the reference enzyme immunoassay in 228 febrile children aged between 4 weeks and 16 years, enrolled primarily at the emergency department (ED). Furthermore, we analyzed the ability of MxA to differentiate viral from bacterial infections.Results: The mean difference between POC and reference MxA level was -76 µg/L (95% limits of agreement from -409 to 257 µg/L). Using a cutoff of 200 µg/L, POC results were uniform with the reference assay in 199 (87.3%) children. In ED-collected samples, the median POC MxA levels (interquartile range) were 571 [240-955] µg/L in children with viral infections, 555 (103-889) µg/L in children with viral-bacterial co-infections, and 25 (25-54) µg/L in children with bacterial infections (P Conclusions: POC MxA measurement demonstrated acceptable analytical accuracy compared to the reference method, and good diagnostic accuracy as a biomarker for viral infections.</p