Repository of the Department of Marine Studies at the University of Split
Not a member yet
318 research outputs found
Sort by
Spatial-temporal changes in the color of the sea in the Adriatic
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu predstavljeni su rezultati godišnjih i višegodišnjih promjena boje mora, prozirnosti i koncentracije klorofila na postajama Vis i Po, za razdoblje od siječnja 1998. do prosinca 2021. godine. Pokazalo se da je more najplavije u ljetnim mjesecima, kada je koncentracija klorofila najniža, a Secchi ploča doseže najveće dubine. Zimi i u jesen bilježe se veća odstupanja, što se može objasniti utjecajem različitih čimbenika. Dugoročne promjene daju bolji uvid u varijacije praćenih parametara, a nagla odstupanja su rijetka. Klorofil i dubina Secchi ploče pokazali su stabilnost u usporedbi s FUI skalom, koja bilježi veća odstupanja. Na postaji Vis najveće odstupanje na FUI skali bilo je 1,7, dok je na postaji Po iznosilo 2,29. Koncentracija klorofila na Visu kretala se od 0,042 mg/m³ do 0,103 mg/m³, a na postaji Po od 0,085 mg/m³ do 0,46 mg/m³. Secchi ploča je na Visu zabilježila najveću dubinu od 26 m, a na postaji Po približno 20 m.This master thesis presents the results of annual and multi-year changes in sea color, transparency and chlorophyll concentration at the Vis and Po stations for the period from January 1998 to December 2021. It was found that the sea is bluest during summer months, when the chlorophyll concentration is lowest, and the Secchi disc reaches the greatest depths. Greater deviations are recorded in winter and autumn, which can be explained by the influence of various factors. Long-term changes provide a better understanding of the variations in the monitored parameters, although sudden deviations are rare. Chlorophyll and Secchi disc depth showed stability compared to the FUI scale, which showed larger deviations. At the Vis station, the largest deviation on the FUI scale was 1.7, while it was 2.29 at the Po station. The chlorophyll concentration at the Vis station ranged from 0.042 mg/m³ to 0.103 mg/m³, while at the Po station it ranged from 0.085 mg/m³ to 0.46 mg/m³. The Secchi disc reached a maximum depth of 26 m at Vis, while the greatest depth recorded at Po was about 20 m
Distribution and biological characteristics of the genus Trachurus in the northern and central Adriatic sea
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu analizirane su 3 vrste roda Trachurus: T. trachurus, T. mediterraneus, T. picturatus u sjevernom i srednjem Jadranu. Analizirani su podatci međunarodnog programa MEDITS od 1996. do 2022. godine. Dodatno su laboratorijski obrađeni uzorci 282 jedinke T. trachurus te 230 jedinki T. mediterraneus prikupljeni tijekom ekspedicija 2023. i 2024. godine. Trachurus trachurus lovljen je u rasponu dubina od 21 do 383 m, T. mediterraneus na dubinama od 21 do 271 m, a T. picturatus od 31 do 318 m. Sve 3 vrste nađene su u svim dubinskim stratumima. Vrste T. trachurus i T. picturatus najveće indekse brojnosti bilježe u stratumu 100-200 m, dok T. mediterraneus u stratumu 10-50 m. Ukupne dužine tijela T. trachurus bile su u rasponu od 10 do 460 mm, T. mediterraneus od 10 do 415 mm te T. picturatus od 80 do 375 mm. Rezultati analize dužinsko-masenog odnosa kod vrste T. trachurus ukazuju na izometrijski rast (b=3,0278), dok je kod T. mediterraneus utvrđena negativna alometrija (b=2,7983). Omjer spolova T. trachurus iznosio je 43,91 % što pokazuje dominaciju mužjaka, dok je za vrstu T. mediterraneus iznosio 50,55 % što ukazuje na prevladavanje ženki. Udjeli pojedinih stupnjeva spolne zrelosti pokazali su dominaciju jedinki u fazi sazrijevanja kod vrste T. trachurus za oba spola (ženke: 43,87 %, mužjaci: 51,01 %). Kod vrste T. mediterraneus ženke su dominantno bile u fazi mrijesta (39,86 %), dok je među mužjacima bilo najviše jedinki u fazi sazrijevanja (57,49 %).In this thesis, 3 species of the genus Trachurus were analyzed: T. trachurus, T. mediterraneus, T. picturatus in the northern and central Adriatic. Data from the MEDITS international program from 1996 to 2022 were analyzed. In addition, laboratory processed samples of 282 individuals of T. trachurus and 230 individuals of T. mediterraneus were collected during the expeditions in 2023 and 2024. Trachurus trachurus was caught in the depth range from 21 to 383 m, T. mediterraneus at depths from 21 to 271 m, and T. picturatus from 31 to 318 m. All 3 species were found in all depth strata. The species T. trachurus and T. picturatus record the highest abundance indices in the stratum 100-200 m, while T. mediterraneus in the stratum 10-50 m. The total body length of T. trachurus ranged from 10 to 460 mm, T. mediterraneus from 10 to 415 mm, and T. picturatus from 80 to 375 mm. The results of the analysis of the length-weight relationship in the species T. trachurus indicate isometric growth (b=3.0278), while in T. mediterraneus negative allometry was determined (b=2.7983). The sex ratio of T. trachurus was 43.91 %, which shows the dominance of males, while for the species T. mediterraneus it was 50.55 %, which indicates the predominance of females. The percentages of maturity stages showed the dominance of individuals in the maturation phase of the species T. trachurus for both sexes (females: 43.87 %, males: 51.01 %). In the case of the species T. mediterraneus, females were dominantly in the spawning phase (39.86 %), while among the males there were the most individuals in the maturation phase (57.49 %)
Detection of BIOS oscillation with neuronal networks
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje promjene u temperaturi i salinitetu mora u Jadransko-jonskom bazenu koristeći Neural Gas model za analizu dugoročnih nizova podataka. Analiza podataka na dubinama od 203 i 513 metara omogućila je identifikaciju sezonskih, međugodišnjih i dugoročnih varijacija. Rezultati otkrivaju značajan utjecaj Jadransko-jonskog bimodalnog oscilacijskog sustava (BiOS) i globalnih klimatskih promjena na dinamiku temperature i saliniteta u Sredozemnom moru. Na dubini od 203 metra identificirane su tri dominantne klimatske faze s izraženim temperaturnim anomalijama. Razdoblje od 1998. do 2002. godine karakterizirano je pojačanom cirkulacijom hladnije vode. Salinitet na ovoj dubini također je pokazao slična razdoblja sa značajnim negativnim anomalijama saliniteta u području BiOS-a. Na dubini od 513 metara, duga klimatološka razdoblja pokazala su negativne temperaturne anomalije u cijelom istočnom Sredozemlju. Pozitivne anomalije nakon 1998. godine ukazale su na utjecaj BiOS-a i hladnijih vodenih masa. Mjerenja saliniteta na ovoj dubini pokazala su neutralne i negativne anomalije do 2000. godine, nakon čega je došlo do povećanja saliniteta. Zaključci istraživanja ukazuju na složene promjene u temperaturi i salinitetu mora pod utjecajem regionalnih oceanografskih procesa i globalnih klimatskih promjena, što naglašava važnost kontinuiranog praćenja i analize ovih parametara za razumijevanje dinamike mediteranskog morskog okoliša.This thesis investigates changes in sea temperature and salinity in the Adriatic-Ionian basin using the Neural Gas model to analyse long-term data sets. The data analysis at depths of 203 and 513 meters revealed seasonal, interannual and long-term variations. The results reveal significant influences of the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) and global climate changes on the temperature and salinity dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea. Three dominant climate phases with clear temperature anomalies were identified at a depth of 203 meters. The period from 1998 to 2002 was characterized by an increased circulation of cooler water. The salinity at this depth showed similar periods, with clear negative salinity anomalies in the BiOS region. At a depth of 513 meters, long climatic periods displayed negative temperature anomalies throughout the eastern Mediterranean. Positive anomalies after 1998 indicate the influence of BiOS and cooler water masses. Salinity measurements at this depth showed neutral and negative anomalies until 2000, followed by an increase in salinity. The research concludes that changes in sea temperature and salinity are complex and influenced by regional oceanographic processes and global climate change. This underlines the importance of continuous monitoring and analysis for understanding the dynamics of the Mediterranean marine environment
Biological activity of the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma
No full textU ovom radu dan je pregled bioloških spojeva i njihove ekstrakcije iz smeđe alge Dictyota dichotoma, s fokusom na antioksidativna, antimikrobna, antitumorna i imunomodulatorna svojstva. Alge su bogate fenolnim spojevima, pigmentima i polisaharidima, koji pružaju brojne zdravstvene dobrobiti za ljude. Antioksidativna aktivnost fenolnih i flavonoidnih spojeva je osnova za potencijalnu primjenu alge u prehrambenoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Antimikrobna aktivnost istaknuta je kroz inhibiciju rasta bakterija i gljivica. Antitumorne i antimodulatorne aktivnosti alge D. dichotoma su usko povezane. Ekstrahirani fukoidan pokazuje citotoksičnost prema tumorskim stanicama, dok ostali polisaharidi, poput laminarina, jačaju imunološki sustav i pomažu u zaštiti od nastajanja tumorskih stanica. Dictyota dichotoma ima veliki potencijal za primjenu u prehrambenoj, farmaceutskoj, kozmetičkoj i drugim industrijama, doprinoseći zdravlju i kvaliteti života ljudi.This paper provides an overview of the biological compounds and their extraction from the brown algae Dictyota dichotoma, with a focus on its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties. The algae are rich in phenolic compounds, pigments, and polysaccharides, which offer numerous health benefits for humans. The antioxidant activity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds indicates the potential use of the algae in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Antimicrobial activity is highlighted through the inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. The antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of D. dichotoma are closely linked. The extracted fucoidan shows cytotoxic properties against tumor cells, while other polysaccharides, such as laminarin, enhance the immune system and help protect against tumors. Dictyota dichotoma has a great potential for use in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries, thus contributing to human health and quality of life
Biološka raznolikost rakova (Crustacea) u Natura 2000 područjima
No full textU ovom radu je prikazano istraživanje bioraznolikosti rakova na kolektorima ličinki školjkaša postavljenim unutar dvije lokacije ekološke mreže Natura 2000, Ušće Cetine (HR3000126) i Pantan (HR3000430). Analizirano je 2600 jedinki te determinirano 29 vrsta iz 15 porodica. Prikazane su kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize populacije rakova na odabranim područjima. Najčešće determinirane vrste bile su Processa acutirostris, Eualus cranchii i Galathea cenarroi, dok je porodica Processidae činila najveći udio jedinki u uzorcima. Izračunati su indeksi biološke raznolikosti uključujući Margalefov, Pielouov i Shannon-Wienerov indeks dok je multivarijantnim metodama utvrđen Bray-Curtisov indeks sličnosti. MDS metodom je izračunat koeficijent stresa od 0,13 što odgovara korisnom dvodimenzionalnom prikazu podataka, dok je metodom analize sličnosti ANOSIM dokazana približna jednakost između uzoraka (R=0,471).The thesis presents a biodiversity research of crustacea on shellfish larvae collectors set up in two areas of ecological network Natura 2000, Cetina estuary (HR3000126) and Pantan (HR3000430). Samples of 2600 individuals were analyzed and 29 different species of crustaceans from 15 families were determined. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of crustacean’s population are presented on selected area. The most frequently determined species were Processa acutirostris, Eualus cranchii and Galathea cenarroi, while family Proccesidae made up the largest proportion of individuals in the samples. Biodiversity indeks, including the Margalef, Pielou and Shannon-Wiener indeks were calculated, while the Bray-Curtis similarity index was established using multivariate methods. Using multivariate methods, stress level of 0.13 was established, which corresponds to a useful two-dimensional representation of the data, while the similarity analysis method ANOSIM proved the approximate equality between the samples (R=0.471)
Variability of saccular otoliths of juvenile and adult individuals of the genus Atherina in the eastern Adriatic
No full textZa potrebe ovog rada u priobalju istočnog Jadrana su ulovljene jedinke iz porodice Atherinidae, i to ukupno 195 odraslih jedinki vrste Atherina hepsetus, i 42 nedorasle jedinke vrsta A. hepsetus i Atherina boyeri. Raspon ukupne dužine tijela kod odraslih jedinki vrste A.hepsetus nalazio se između 6 i 10 cm, dok je ukupna dužina tijela nedoraslih jedinki iste vrste iznosila od 3 do 7cm. Ukupna dužina tijela nedoraslih jedinki vrste A. boyeri se nalazila u rasponu od 5,6 do 8,6 cm. Masa tijela odraslih jedinki A.hepsetus je bila u rasponu od 1,43 do 6,14 g, kod nedoraslih A.hepsetusu rasponu od 0,13 do 2,28 g, te nedoraslih A.boyeri u rasponu od 0,91 do 3,35 g. Otoliti analiziranih jedinki obje vrste su ovalnog oblika, blago asimetrični s rubovima koji izgledaju nepravilno, a oblik nalikuje listu ili suzi. Najbolja veza je utvrđena između morfometrijskih parametara otolita i ukupne dužine tijela ribe, dok je veza između morfometrijskih parametara otolita i mase tijela gavuna manje značajna.For the purposes of this work, individuals from the Atherinidae family were caught along the eastern Adriatic coast, namely a total of 195 adults of the species Atherina hepsetus, and 42 juveniles of the species A. hepsetus and Atherina boyeri. The range of total body length in adults of the species A. hepsetus was between 6 and 10 cm, while the total body length of juveniles of the same species was from 3 to 7 cm. The total length of the body of immature individuals of the species A. boyeri was in the range of 5.6 to 8.6 cm. The body mass of adult A. hepsetus individuals ranged from 1.43 to 6.14 g, for juvenile A. hepsetus it was in the range from 0.13 to 2.28 g, and for juvenile A. boyeri in the range from 0.91 to 3.35 g. The otoliths of the analyzed individuals of both species are oval, slightly asymmetrical with edges that look irregular, and the shape resembles a leaf or a teardrop. The best relationship was established between the morphometric parameters of the otoliths and the total body length of the fish, while the relationship between the morphometric parameters of the otoliths and the body mass of the fish was less significant
Morphological and biological characteristics of allochthonous species Dictyota cyanoloma Tronholm, De Clerck, A. Gomez-Garreta, Rull Lluch, 2010 in Split area
No full textSvojte roda Dictyota su široko rasprostranjene, a većina vrsta obitava u tropskim i umjereno
toplim morima. Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje morfoloških, reproduktivnih i antioksidacijskih
značajki alohtone vrste Dictyota cyanoloma na području Splita. Jedinke su prikupljene u
razdoblju od 15. prosinca 2021. do 20. ožujka 2022. godine, u razmacima od četrnaest dana.
Utvrđeno je da na području Splita obitavaju pretežno sporofiti (94,3%) s povremeno prisutnim
ženskim gametofitima (2,85%). Muški gametofiti nisu zabilježeni. Izračunat je promjer
sporangija koji iznosi 58,39 ± 15,9 μm s gustoćom od 6120,22 ± 2236,69 po centimetru
kvadratnom. Dužina sorusa iznosi 210 ± 110 μm, a širina 130 ± 60 μm, a broj oogonija po
sorusu iznosi 25,48 ± 19,13. Također, od morfoloških vrijednosti zabilježena je prosječna
dužina talusa 79,13 ± 22,99 mm, internodija I 7,98 ± 4,67 mm, internodija II 7,9 ± 3,41 mm te
terminalne grančice 1,54 ± 0,78 mm. Dužina kortikalnih stanica iznosila je 33,46 ± 10,77 μm,
a širina 14,29 ± 4,82 μm. Dužina medularnih stanica iznosila je 69,79 ± 14,41 μm, a širina 47,51
± 8,79 μm. Antioksidativna svojstva su određena koristeći FRAP („ferric reducing/antioxidant
power“) metodu s rezultatom 1131,86 ± 12,96 µM Fe²+
i određivanjem inhibicije DPPH (2,2-
difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radikala s rezultatom 34,82 ± 0,3% inhibicije. Ukupni fenoli su
određeni metodom po Folin-Ciocalteau s rezultatom od 167,08 ± 5,95 mg GAE/L. S obzirom
na rezultate može se zaključiti da se D. cyanoloma u Jadranu razmnožava uglavnom nespolno
te da su talusi nešto većih dimenzija, ali s malo manjim kortikalnim, medularnim i spolnim
stanicama nego prethodno opisano. Alga pokazuje dobar antioksidacijski potencijal te visoki
udio ukupnih fenola.The genus Dictyota is a widely distributed with most species inhabiting tropical and subtropical
seas. This paper is focused on morphological, reproductive and antioxidative characteristics of
Dictyota cyanoloma in Split area. The specimens were collected between 15.12.2021 and
20.3.2022 in fourteen-day intervals. The results showed that the populations present in Split
area are mostly sporophytes (94.3%), with few female gametophytes (2.85%) and absent male
gametophytes. Sporangia diameter was 58,39 ± 15,9 μm and density 6120,22 ± 2236,69 per
centimeter square. Sori lengths stood at 210 ± 110 μm with widths of 130 ± 60 μm. Oogonia
per sori count was 25,48 ± 19,13. Additionally, morphological traits were measured, and thalli
length was 79,13 ± 22,99 mm, internodium I 7,98 ± 4,67 mm, internodium II 7,9 ± 3,41 mm
and terminal branch 1,54 ± 0,78 mm. Cortical cells length was 33,46 ± 10,77 μm with widths
of 14,29 ± 4,82 μm. Medullar cells lengths was 69,79 ± 14,41 μm with widths of 47,51 ± 8,79
μm. Antioxidative properties were determined using the FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant
power) method with a result of 1131,86 ± 12,96 µM Fe²+
and the inhibition of DPPH (2,2-
difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radical which was 34,82 ± 0,3%. Total phenolic content was determined
using the Folin-Ciocalteau method with a result of 167,083 ± 5,95 mg GAE / L. The data above
clearly shows that D. cyanoloma populations in the Adriatic Sea reproduce mainly vegetatively
and that the thalli are slightly larger than previously described, but with smaller reproductive,
cortical, and medullar cells. Additionally, the algae exhibit a good antioxidative potential with
a high total phenolic content
Endangerment of the adriatic cystoseira
No full textAlge roda Cystoseira čine većinu bentoske flore Jadrana, a iz razloga što preferiraju čista staništa smatra ih se indikatorima čistog mora. Šume algi roda Cystoseira iznimno su važne za morske ekosustave jer predstavljaju utočišta, mrjestilišta i hranilišta mnogim vrstama. U radu su naglašeni rizici i kategorije ugroženosti jadranskih vrsta roda Cystoseira. Također, predstavljene su definicije bentosa, fitobentosa te su opisane osnovne značajke vrsta Cystoseira spicata, Cystoseira barbata var. tophuloidea, Cystoseira compressa, Cystoseira crinitophylla, Cystoseira foeniculacea, Cystoseira humilis, Cystoseira humilis var. myriophylloides i Cystoseira pelagosae koje se nalaze na hrvatskom Crvenom popisu morskih alga i cvjetnica. Dostupni podaci o rasprostranjenosti algi Jadranskog mora, neovisno o razini ugroženosti, su nepotpuni s obzirom da još nije finalizirano cjelovito kartiranje jadranske morske flore, koje bi trebalo dati precizne podatke o rasprostranjenosti i posljedično o stupnju ugroženosti vrsta.Algae of the genus Cystoseira make up most of the benthic flora in the Adriatic Sea, and as they prefer clean habitats, they are considered as indicator species. Algae forests of the Cystoseira genus are extremely important for marine ecosystems because they represent place for hiding, breeding grounds and feeding grounds for many species. The paper emphasizes the risks and endangered categories of the Adriatic species of the genus Cystoseira. Also, the definitions of benthos and phytobenthos are presented and the basic characteristics of the species Cystoseira spicata, Cystoseira barbata var. tophuloidea, Cystoseira compressa, Cystoseira crinitophylla, Cystoseira foeniculacea, Cystoseira humilis, Cystoseira humilis var. myriophylloides and Cystoseira pelagosae, which are on the Croatian red list of seaweeds and flower plants, are described. Available data on the distribution of algae in the Adriatic Sea, regardless the degree of endangerment, are incomplete as the mapping of the Adriatic marine flora, which should provide precise data on the distribution and consequently the level of threat of the species, has not been finalized yet
Molecular mechanisms of cellular reprogramming in the immortal jellyfish Turritopsis dohrnii (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
No full textKoljeno žarnjaci (Cnidaria) uključuje vodene organizme koji imaju radijalnu simetriju i
posjeduju knidocite, žarne stanice. Među ovim organizmima postoje zanimljive vrste koje su
odvijek privlačile pozornost svojom jedinstvenom razvojnom plastičnošću, sposobnošću
regeneracije, pa čak i ontogenetskim preokretima, odnosno sposobnošću razvoja unatrag.
Koliko je trenutno poznato, samo vrsta Turritopsis dohrnii ima sposobnost
transdiferencijacije ili pomlađivanja, dediferencijacije stanica. Kada se potpuno diferencirana
i spolno zrela meduza nađe u nepovoljnim uvjetima (fizičko oštećenje, stres, nedostatak
hrane), započinje redukciju u fazu nediferencirane ciste iz koje se nakon nekog vremena
razvije stolon koji daje polipe. Zbog sposobnosti ponavljanja svog životnog ciklusa, naziva se
besmrtnom meduzom. Proučavanjem genoma i transkriptoma ove vrste u sva četiri razvojna
stadija omogućen je početni uvid u molekularne mehanizme koji bi mogli biti glavni pokretači
ovog ontogenskog preokreta. Tijekom razvoja iznimno su važni procesi povezani s
replikacijom DNA, održavanjem i popravkom te, stabilnošću genoma, održavanjem telomera i
otpornost na oksidativni stres te poboljšana međustanična komunikacija vezana za razvoj
živčanog sustava.The phylum Cnidaria includes aquatic organisms that have radial symmetry and possess
cnidocytes. Among these organisms, interesting species have always attracted attention with
their unique developmental plasticity, ability to regenerate, and perform even ontogenetic
reversals. According to current literature, only the species Turritopsis dohrnii has the ability
to transdifferentiate or rejuvenate, i.e., dedifferentiate its cells. When a fully differentiated and
sexually mature jellyfish finds itself in unfavorable conditions (physical damage, stress,
starvation), it begins its reduction into the stage of an undifferentiated cyst, from which after
some time a stolon develops that produces polyps. Because of its ability to repeat its life
cycle, it is called an immortal jellyfish. By studying the genome and transcriptome of this
species in all four developmental stages, an initial insight into the molecular mechanisms
responsible for this ontogenic reversal was provided. During development, the processes
related to DNA replication, maintenance and repair, genome stability, telomere maintenance
and resistance to oxidative stress and improved intercellular communication related to the
development of the nervous system are extremely important
Bioluminescence of marine bacteria
No full textBioluminiscencija je fenomen proizvodnje svjetlosti od strane živih organizama. Javlja se u
različitim oblicima života kao što su bakterije, gljive i životinje. Pojava bioluminiscencije je
široko rasprostranjena, međutim, mnogo je češća u morima i oceanima nego na kopnu. Uloga
bioluminiscencije još uvijek nije dovoljno ispitana, no unatoč tome, smatra se da je ključna
u privlačenju spolnih partnera, zaštiti od predatora i hvatanju plijena. Bakterije koje emitiraju
svjetlost najzastupljeniji su i najrašireniji svjetleći organizmi. Saznanja o bioluminiscentnim
bakterijama uvelike su porasla posljednjih godina, ispitivanjem njihovih evolucijskih odnosa
i simbioza te identifikacijom novih vrsta i sojeva. Iako se radi o vrlo zanimljivoj skupini
organizama, literatura nažalost oskudijeva podacima. Svrha ovog rada je detaljnije opisati
taksonomiju morskih bioluminiscentnih bakterija, način na koji proizvode svijetlo te njihov
odnosom sa morskim organizmima.Bioluminescence is defined as the phenomenon of light production by living organisms. It
occurs in various life forms such as bacteria, fungi, and animals. Although the role of
bioluminescence is still not fully understood, it is believed to be crucial for attracting sexual
partners, providing protection from predators, and facilitating prey capture. Among lightemitting organisms, bacteria stand out as the most abundant and widely distributed. While
bioluminescence is indeed a widespread phenomenon, it is notably more common in seas
and oceans than on land. Our understanding of bioluminescent bacteria has significantly
expanded in recent years through the examination of their evolutionary relationships,
symbiotic associations, and the identification of new species and strains. Despite the
fascinating nature of these organisms, unfortunately, the existing literature lacks sufficient
data. Therefore, the primary objective of this work is to provide a more detailed description
of the taxonomy of marine bioluminescent bacteria, elucidate the mechanisms underlying
their light production, and explore their relationships with marine organisms