Repository of the Department of Marine Studies at the University of Split
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Investigation of the occurrence and distribution of the non-native species Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) in the area of the port of Šibenik
No full textU ovom su diplomskom radu analizirani podaci o nezavičajnoj vrsti kalanoidnog kopepoda Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913, pripadniku porodice Pseudodiaptomidae, na području šibenske luke smještene na ušću rijeke Krke. S obzirom na učestali brodski promet unutar luke, vrlo je vjerovatno da je vrsta unesena u Jadransko more putem balastnih voda, koje globalno predstavljaju jedan od glavnih vektora prijenosa akvatičkih organizama. Uzorkovanja vrste P. marinus provodila su se kroz pet terenskih izlazaka u razdoblju od 2017. do 2019. godine na području šibenske luke, s usidrenog istraživačkog broda „BIOS DVA“ Instituta za oceanografiju i ribarstvo u Splitu u plitkom području uz obalu luke. Uz taksonomsku analizu odraslog mužjaka i ženke, koji se morfološki podudaraju s ranijim opisima vrste te određivanje brojnosti jedinki po uzorku, analizirani su i okolišni parametri, temperatura i salinitet. Zabilježene abundancije P. marinus u ovom istraživanju su vrlo niske (<60 jed. m-3), unatoč noćnim uzorkovanjima kada bi u planktonu trebao biti brojniji s obzirom na složenu životnu strategiju koja uključuje bentički habitat preko dana, a planktonski tijekom noći. Uočena prisutnost ženki s jajima kao i kopepoditskih stadija (juvenila) ukazuje na uspostavu populacije na području luke, a s obzirom na izrazitu prilagodljivost vrste na nepovoljne uvjete za očekivati je da će se njezino širenje, koje je zasada neinvazivnog karaktera, nastaviti i u budućnosti. Trenutno nisu zabilježeni promijenjeni odnosi u strukturi lokalne zooplanktonske zajednice, niti u međusobnim brojčanim odnosima među skupinama. Stavlja se naglasak na daljnji monitoring šibenske luke u svrhu praćenja daljnjeg širenja i invazivnosti vrste P. marinus te na noćna uzorkovanja uz unapređenje metodike uzorkovanja.This thesis analyses the presence and distribution of non-indigenous calanoid copepod species Pseudodiaptomus marinus Sato, 1913 in the port of Šibenik, which is situated in the estuary of the river Krka. Considering the frequent and intensive maritime traffic in the port, it is higly likely that the species was introduced into the Adriatic Sea via balast water that gobally represents one of the main vectors of aquatic organisms’ transfer. Samplings of P. marinus were performed through five sampling occassions, from 2017 to 2019 in the shallow coastal part of the port of Šibenik, from a docked research ship „BIOS DVA“ of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Apart from the taxonomic analysis of adult male and female specimens, which morphologically matched with the older descriptions of the species, abundance determination, as well as environmental parameters such as temperature and salinity have also been analysed. Recorded abundances of P. marinus were very low (<60 jed. m-3) during the research period, despite the night samplings when the species is presumably numerous in the plankton, because of its complex life strategy; bentic during the day and planctonic during the night. However, we also found adult ovigerous females and copepodite stages (juveniles) in the samples, which is indication of the population establishment in the port. Considering the remarkable adaptibility of P. marinus to unfavorable conditions, it is expected that the spreading of this species will continue in the future. Currently, disturbed relations in the zooplanton community structure and unusual relative proportions between the zooplankton groups haven't been recorded in the port. The focus is on the further monitoring of the port of Šibenik, with the purpose of tracking the invasion of the species P. marinus, along with the introduction of night samplings and the improvements of sampling methodology
Evaluation of microplastic content in mediterranian mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) on the Croatian coast of the Adriatic sea
No full textU radu su predstavljeni podatci o pojavnosti, kategoriji i dužinskom rasponu mikroplastike kod
vrste Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno na tri lokacije na
sjevernom (Limski zaljev), srednjem (Šibenski kanal) i južnom (Malostonski zaljev) dijelu
Jadranskog mora. Uzorkovano je N=60 jedinki (N=30 divljih, N=30 uzgojnih). Rezultati
pokazuju prisutnost mikroplastike kod svih analiziranih jedinki. Različite kategorije
mikroplastike (vlakna, fragmenti i ostali) izolirane su iz tkiva dagnji varirale su ovisno o vrsti
čestica od 0,02 do 4,46 čestica / g u divljih i 0,02 do 5,52 čestica / g u uzgojnih i od 0,033 do
6,36 čestica / jedinci u divljih i 0,33 do 5,43 čestica / jedinci u uzgojnih jedinki. Izolirane čestice
mikroplastike i materijali korišteni u uzgoju analizirani su na Micro-Raman spektrometru. Ovo
istraživanje je prva procjena mikroplastike u vrste M. galloprovincialis u istočnom Jadranskom
moru te predstavlja osnovu za daljnja istraživanja.In this paper, we investigated the occurrence, categories and length range of microplastics in
Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819. Sampling was performed at three locations the
northern (Lim Bay), middle (Šibenik Channel) and southern (Mali Ston Bay) part of the
Adriatic Sea. N = 60 (N = 30 wild, N = 30 breeding) individuals were sampled. The results
show the presence of microplastics in all analyzed individuals. Microplastic items (fragments,
fibers and others) were recovered from the soft tissues of mussels and they varied depending
on the item from 0.02 to 4.46 items/g in wild and 0.02 to 5.52 items/g in farmed and from 0.033
to 6.36 items/individual in wild and 0.33 to 5.43 items/individual in farmed. Isolated
microplastic particles and materials used in the cultivation were analyzed on a Micro-Raman
spectrometer. This first evaluation of microplastic on species M. galloprovincialis in Croatian
Adriatic Sea represents a baseline for further research
Technological procedure of sea cucumbers rearing
No full textU radu se opisuju osnovna biološka obilježja trpova roda Holothuria, njihovo stanište i
rasprostranjenosti. Također, u radu su predstavljeni tehnološko tehnički aspekti mrijesta, a
opisom i ključnim okolišnim čimbenicima dodatno su razgraničeni i uvjeti uzgoja trpova.
Trpovi su bitni za ekosustav oceana, jer recikliraju hranjive tvari iz šljunka i organskih tvari tj.
možemo reći da su čistači morskoga dna. Trpove je lako izloviti, a prirodna obnova populacije
je veoma dugotrajna. Zbog opstanka populacija trpova potrebno je ozbiljno razmišljati
intenziviranju uzgoja trpova. Dodatni poticaj intenziviranju njihova uzgoja je činjenica da
tehnologija uzgoja nije previše zahtjevna. U gastronomiji, trpovi se smatraju delikatesom i stoga
njihov uzgoj ima perspektivu i možda baš trpovi predstavljaju potencijal budućnosti
prehrambene industrije.This thesis describes the basic biological characteristics of Holothuria, their habitat and the
distribution. It is also presents the technological and technical aspects of spawning while the
condition for the growing of sea cucumbers are further delineated by description and key
environmental factors. Sea cucumbers are essential for the ocean ecosystem because they
recycle nutrients from the gravel and organic substances, so they can be called seabed cleansers.
Sea cucumbers are very vulnerable to overfishing and the natural renewal of the population is
long-lasting. It is necessary to seriously rethink about the intensification of the breeding of sea
cucumbers for the survival of their population. The fact that the breeding technology is not too
challenging is additional incentive for intensifying their breeding. In gastronomy, sea
cucumbers are considered a delicacy and therefore their breeding has perspective, and perhaps
they represent the potential of the future of the food industry
Underwater visual census cove Martinska transect
No full textKlimatske promjene i antropogeni utjecaj uvelike su narušile stanje morskog ekosustava. Zbog izričite važnosti u globalnim procesima te gospodarstvu općenito nužno je vršiti stalna ispitivanja kako bi utvrdili stanje i što ranije uočili promjene morskog ekosustava. Moguće su različite tehnike ispitivanja i uzorkovanja mora koje dijelimo u tri glavne kategorije: ulovne, neulovne i kombinirane. Mnoge metode mogu biti vrlo destruktivne te je iz tog razloga metoda podvodnog vizualnog cenzusa (Underwater Visual Census - UVC) najčešće korištena metoda koja spada u kategoriju neulovnih metoda. U našem istraživanju u uvali Martinska ispred Zavoda za istraživanje mora i okoliša Instituta Ruđer Bošković provedena je tehnika podvodnog vizualnog cenzusa metodom transekta. Ukupno je determinirano 47 organizama od kojih 14 čine riblje vrste, 22 beskralježnjaci bentosa i 11 vrsta algi. U sva četiri provedena vizualna cenzusa zabilježene su vrste fratar (Diplodus vulgaris), gavun (Atherina hepsetus), pirka (Serranus scriba), glavoč (Gobius auratus) i vučić (Serranus hepatus). Najbrojnija riblja vrsta bila je gavun (Atherina hepsetus), zatim slijedi salpa (Sarpa salpa) i cipli (Chelon auratus, Chelon ramada). Sve tri vrste čine plove. U daljnjim istraživanjima potrebno je provoditi dugoročni monitoring kako bi utvrdili rasprostranjenost, odnosno istražiti interakcije ribljih vrsta sa staništem.Climate change and anthropogenic impact have greatly disrupted the state of the marine ecosystem. Because of their explicit importance in global economic processes, it is generally necessary to conduct ongoing surveys to determine the status and early detection of changes in the marine ecosystem. Different sea testing and sampling techniques are possible, which are divided into three main categories: destructive (using fishing gear), non-destructive and combined methods. Many methods can be very destructive, for these reasons the underwater visual census (UVC) method is the most used method that falls into the category of non-destructive methods. In our research in the Martinska Bay in front of the Department for Marine and Environmental Research of the Ruđer Bošković Institute, the underwater visual census technique was chosen using the transect method. A total of 47 organisms were identified, of which 14 are fish species, 22 invertebrates and 11 algae. In all four conducted visual censuses, the species common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris), Mediterranean sand smelt (Atherina hepsetus), painted comber (Serranus scriba), golden goby (Gobius auratus) and brown comber (Serranus hepatus) were recorded. The most numerous fish species was Mediterranean sand smelt (Atherina hepsetus), followed by the salema porgy (Sarpa salpa) and the mullets (Chelon auratus, Chelon ramada). All three species make schools. In further research, it is necessary to perform long-term monitoring to determine the distribution and to investigate the interactions of fish species with the habitat
Shellfish farming along the eastern Adriatic coast
No full textUzgoj školjkaša uz istočnu obalu Jadrana temeljen je na višestoljetnoj tradiciji koja se do danas nije puno mijenjala. U radu je posebna pažnja usmjerena na opisu tradicionalnih metoda uzgoja najzastupljenijih vrsta školjkaša, dagnje i kamenice. U radu je naglasak na lokacije gdje se školjkaši uzgajaju već dugi niz godina, Malostonski zaljev i Limski kanal. Hrvatsko školjkarstvo ima velike potencijale za daljnji razvoj, zbog kvalitete mora i mnogobrojnih lokacija koje su pogodne za uzgoj. Proizvedene količine dagnje i kamenice ne zadovoljavaju domaću potražnju na tržištu koja se rapidno povećava za vrijeme turističke sezone. Naime, ulaganjem u ovaj sektor koji je rastući u svijetu zbog sve veće potražnje za morskim organizmima povećat će se proizvodnja koja će dovesti do izvoza i pozitivne vanjskotrgovinske bilance.Shellfish farming along the eastern Adriatic coast is based on a centuries-old tradition that has not changed much to this day. The paper gives special attention to the description of traditional methods of growing the most common species of shellfish, mussels and oysters. In this paper, locations where shellfish have been farmed for many years, the Mali Ston Bay and the Lim Channel, are emphasized. Croatian shellfish farming has great potential for further development, due to the quality of the sea and numerous locations that are suitable for breeding. The quantities of mussels and oysters produced do not meet the domestic demand on the market, which is rapidly increasing during the tourist season. Namely, investing in this sector, which is growing in the world due to the growing demand for marine organisms, will increase production, which will lead to exports and a positive foreign trade balance
Predvidljivost dnevnih kretanja dobrih dupina (Tursiops truncatus) u obalnim vodama Cresa i Lošinja
No full textThere is a resident common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus community inhabiting the waters of the Cres-Lošinj archipelago. This thesis investigates their diurnal movements based on photo-identification data collected during a commercial dolphin watching activities in 2017. There have been 126 sightings with 309 individual common bottlenose dolphins identified. The average number of dolphins per sighting was 6. The basis of this method is that the same individual bottlenose dolphins are regularly resighted within 24 hours. Ninety individuals have been resighted at least once within a 24-hour period during the dolphin-watching season. The average relocation distance was 4.46 km, the average speed 1.76 km/h, and the average distance from land 4.43 km. There was no statistically significant difference in average relocation distance, average speed, and the average distance from the land between before noon (am) and after noon (pm) hours. Results are compared to previous studies of common bottlenose daily movements, and recommendations to possible improvements of the method are discussed.U obalnim vodoma otoka Cresa i Lošinja živi rezidentna populacija dobrih dupina Tursiops truncatus. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje njihova dnevna kretanja oslanjajući se na foto-identifikacijske podatke prikupljene za vrijeme komercijalnog promatranja dobrih dupina u 2017. godini. Dupini su viđeni ukupno 126 puta i identificirano je ukupno 309 jedinki. Prosječan broj dupina po jednom opažanju je iznosio 6. Metoda se temelji na činjenici da su isti dobri dupini viđeni više puta unutar 24 stata. 90 individualnih životinja je ponovno viđeno untar 24 sata barem jednom za vrijeme sezone promatranja u 2017. godini. Prosječna udaljenost između dvaju opažanja je iznosila 4,46 km, prosječna brzina plivanja 1,76 km/h, te prosječna udaljenost od obale na kojoj su dobri dupini viđeni 4,43 km. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između prosječne udaljenosti između dvaju opažanja, prosječne brzine i prosječne udaljenosti od obale između različitih doba dana, odnosno prijepodnevnih i poslijepodenvnih sati. Rezultati su uspoređeni s prethodnim istražvanjima na temu kretanja dobrih dupina i dane su preporuke za buduće poboljšanje korištene israživačke metodologije
Quatification and characterization of microplastics in farmed and wild oysters (Ostrea edulis) along the Croatian Adriatic coast
No full textU disertaciji su predstavljeni rezultati istraživanja kvantifikacije i karakterizacije mikroplastike kod vrste Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) duž hrvatske obale Jadrana. Uzorci su prikupljeni na tri lokacije uključujući sjeverni (Limski kanal), srednji (Šibenski kanal) i južni Jadran (Malostonski zaljev). Na svakoj lokaciji je prikupljeno 10 divljih i 10 uzgojnih jedinki. Rezultati pokazuju prisustvo mikroplastike u uzgojnih i divljih jedinki vrste O. edulis na svim područjima uzorkovanja. Analizom su pronađene različite kategorije mikroplastike kod uzgojnih jedinki vrste O. edulis i to fragmenti (0,58 MP/g), vlakna (0,7 MP/g) i peleti (0,04 MP/g). Ukupan broj mikroplastike je varirao od 0,33 to 5,43 komada/jedinci. Prosječne dužine različitih pronađenih kategorija su bile 20,55 μm, 31,88 μm and 456,57 μm. Pronađene čestice mikroplastike analizirane su Micro-Raman spektrometrom.The dissertation presents the results of research on quantification and characterization of microplastics in Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) species along Croatian Adriatic coast. Samples were collected from three locations: Mali Ston bay, Šibenik channel and Lim bay. In each area, 10 wild and 10 farmed oysters were collected. The results indicate the presence of microplastics in both farmed and wild oysters in all sampling areas. The analysis showed multiple types of microplastic including fragments (0.58 MP/g), fibers (0.7 MP/g) and other items (0.04 MP/g). The number of total microplastic varied from 0.33 to 5.43 items/individual. The mean sizes of the diferent categories of microplastic particles were 20.55 μm, 31.88 μm and 456.57 μm. Detected microplastic particles were analysed with Micro-Raman spectrometer
Swim bladder and control of buoyancy in fish
No full textU ovom radu analiziran je plivaći mjehur i kontrola plovnosti. Raspravljena je morfologija, anatomija plivaćeg mjehura te njegova uloga i važnost u životu riba. Nadalje je obrađena njegova hidrostatska uloga i načini kontrole plovnosti. Objašnjen je stil života riba, mijenjanje dubine. Obrađena je i tema strategije uzgona za različite načine života, život na dnu i održavanje plovnosti u središnjem dijelu vodenog stupca. Na samom kraju rada opisana je metabolička aktivnost i učinak pojedinačnog koncentriranja, resorpcija plina, neuspjeh i kontrola povećanja plivaćeg mjehura.In this thesis, the swim bladder and the buoyancy control are analyzed. The morphology and anatomy of the swim bladder, its role, and importance in fish life are discussed. Moreover, its hydrostatic role and buoyancy control method are addressed. The lifestyle of fish is explained, and its changes of the depth. A thematic strategy dealing with different life strategies, benthic life, and maintaining navigability in the middle water column was also covered. At the end of the paper, metabolic activity, and the effect of individual concentration, gas resorption, failure and control of swimming bladder inflation are described
Microalgae in pharmaceutical industry
No full textU disertaciji je predstavljena upotreba mikroalgi, jednostaničnih organizama iz carstva protista, u farmaceutskoj industriji. Rastuća svjetska populacija zahtijeva hranu visoke prehrambene vrijednosti, a pogotovo za specifične i kronične bolesti. Mikroalge su potencijalan izvor različitih dodataka hrani i biomaterijala, a prednost im je u odnosu na tradicionalne izvore što su prirodne, netoksične, brojne i obnovljive. One svoju primjenu pronalaze i u proizvodnji biofarmaceutskih lijekova. Tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća korištenjem aktivnih spojeva iz mikroalgi je proizvedeno oko trinaest prototipova cjepiva koji između ostalih ciljaju infektivne i nezarazne patologije poput hipertenzije, virusa hepatitisa B i humanog papiloma virusa.The dissertation presents the use of microalgae, unicellular organisms from the protist kingdom, in the pharmaceutical industry. The growing world population requires food of high nutritional value, especially for specific and chronic diseases. Microalgae are a potential source of various food additives and biomaterials, the advantage over traditional sources is that they are natural, non-toxic, abundant and renewable. Microalgae are also used in the production of biopharmaceuticals. Over the last decade, approximately thirteen vaccine prototypes have been produced that among others are targeting both infectious and non-infectious pathologies, such as hypertension, hepatitis B virus, and human papilloma virus
Activities, pressures and conflicts on the coast of Kaštela bay
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu se razmatra stanje obalnog područja Kaštelanskog zaljeva, koje je duži niz godina, a i danas, izloženo intenzivnom antropogenom utjecaju. Zbog povoljnog geografskog položaja područje Kaštelanskog zaljeva se godinama naseljavalo što je dovelo do razvoja djelatnosti, poglavito poljoprivrede, industrije i turizma. Razvoj navedenih djelatnosti je poboljšao život stanovnicima, a istovremeno se stvorio veliki pritisak na obalno područje i morski ekosustav. Nepažljivo odlaganje otpada, ispuštanje štetnih otpadnih voda ˝divljim kanalima˝ u more i nagla urbanizacija dodatno su utjecali na onečišćenje. Integralno upravljanje obalnim područjem (IUOP) je osnovni preduvjet za uspješnu primjenu koncepta održivog razvoja Kaštelanskog zaljeva. Provedeno anketno ispitivanje je pokazalo da je stanovništvo svjesno važnosti brige za okoliš, a tako i održivosti u priobalnom području Kaštelanskog zaljeva. U radu su korišteni rezultati iz prijašnjih istraživanja na području Kaštelanskog zaljeva.This master's thesis discusses the state of the coastal area of Kaštela Bay, which has been exposed to intense anthropogenic influence for many years and even today. Favorable geographical position of Kaštela Bay has caused a rapid population growth that,, sparked economic activity namely agriculture, industry and tourism. The development of these activities has improved the lives of the inhabitants. However it also placed the coastal area and the marine ecosystems under an ever-growing pressure. Improper disposal of waste, unauthorised discharge of harmful wastewater into the sea, and rapid urbanization have further contributed to the pollution level. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a prerequisite for the successful sustainable development of Kaštela Bay. The conducted survey shows that the locals are aware of the importance of caring for the environment and ultimately the sustainability of the Kaštela Bay coast. The thesis draws the results from previous research on the Kaštela Bay area