Repository of the Department of Marine Studies at the University of Split
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Marine yeast isolation and application in beer brewing
No full textU ovom radu se istražuju mogućnosti fermentacije kvasaca izoliranih iz mora radi upotrebe u
pivarstvu. Uzorci mora su uzeti na priobalnoj postaji srednjeg Jadrana u siječnju pri temperaturi
mora od 12°C. Za izolaciju uzorkovanih kvasca korištene su četiri hranjive podloge predviđene
za rad s kvascima: yeast-malt (YM) agar, YM agar s antibiotikom, zakiseljeni YM agar i
Sabouraud dextroza agar (SDA). Uspješno je izolirano 16 vrsta kvasaca od kojih su tri vrste
bile pozitivne na testu fermentacije. Pozitivne vrste su determinirane fiziološkim testom API®
ID 32 C koji se koristi za brzu determinaciju ATCC sojeva kvasca. Od tri determinirane
fermentativne vrste, Candida famata je u potpunosti fermentirala pivo do konačnog proizvoda,
Candida pelliculosa je sporo fermentirala u zadanom vremenskom periodu, a Candida sake nije
fermentirala pivo.This master thesis investigates the possibilities of fermentation of marine yeasts isolated from
the central Adriatic Sea for use in the brewing process. Sea samples were taken in January at a
sea temperature of 12°C. Four nutrient media designed for yeasts isolation and growth were used
to isolate sampled yeasts from marine samples: yeast-malt (YM) agar, YM agar with antibiotics,
acidified YM agar and Sabouraud-dextrose agar. Sixteen colonies of yeasts were successfully
isolated, and only three of them were positive in the fermentation test. Positive yeast colonies
were identified by API® ID 32 C physiological test used for rapid determination of ATCC strains
of yeast. From the three identified fermentative species, Candida famata fermented the beer
entirely. Candida pelliculosa fermented slowly over a given period, while Candida sake did not
ferment the beer at all. Marine yeast isolates show potential for the brewing process
Fishery in the tax system of the Republic of Coatia
No full textCilj rada bio je sustavno prikazati oporezivanje djelatnosti ribarstva, te opisati porezni aspekt
poslovanja poslovnih subjekata u ribarstvu. U radu su korištene metode analize sadržaja i
deskripcije. Po osnovi obavljanja djelatnosti ribarstva obračunavaju i plaćaju se temeljem
zakonske obveze ili dobrovoljno porez na dohodak, porez na dobit i porez na dodanu
vrijednost (PDV). Hrvatski porezni sustav u cijelosti i u dijelu koji se odnosi na oporezivanje
djelatnosti ribarstva može se okarakterizirati kao složen, zahtjevan u primjeni i provedbi te
dinamičan u smislu čestih promjena. Poslovni subjekti u ribarstvu trebali bi imati
odgovarajuća ekonomska znanja koja uključuju i aspekt oporezivanja djelatnosti ribarstva, što
je neophodno za poslovanje u dinamičkom tržišnom i institucionalnom okruženju.The aim of the paper was to systematically present the taxation of fishing activities, and to
describe the tax aspect of business operations of fisheries entities. Content analysis and
description methods were used in the paper. On the basis of performing fishing activities,
income tax, profit tax and value added tax (VAT) are calculated and paid on the basis of a
legal obligation or voluntarily. The Croatian tax system as a whole and in the part related to
the taxation of fisheries activities can be characterized as complex, demanding in application
and implementation and dynamic in terms of frequent changes. Fisheries businesses should
have the appropriate economic knowledge, which includes the aspect of taxation of fisheries
businesses, which is necessary for doing business in a dynamic market and institutional
environment
Population dynamics of Anuropodione amphiandra on the host Munida speciosa in the eastern Adriatic Sea
No full textU radu je istražen odnos između parazitske infestacije izopodnog račića Anuropodione amphiandra i domaćina Munida speciosa te sezonski aspekt dinamike populacije parazita. U razdoblju od lipnja 2019. do svibnja 2020.godine uzorkovane su 1494 jedinke M. speciosa na kojima je provedena morfometrijska i parazitološka analiza. Omjer spolova domaćina statistički se razlikovao, i to u korist mužjaka. Dužina karapaksa mužjaka je bila u rasponu od 10,43 do 19,56 mm, a ženki u rasponu od 10,80 do 18,50 mm. Parametri dužinsko-masenog odnosa su se značajno razlikovali između mužjaka (izometrija) i ženki (negativna alometrija). Između zaraženih i nezaraženih mužjaka nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u dužinkso-masenom odnosu, dok su zaražene ženke pokazale izometrijski rast. Ukupna prevalencija parazita A. amphiandra je iznosila 18,3%, s većim udjelom zaraženih mužjaka. Istraživanjem su utvrđena sezonska kolebanja prevalencije parazita pri čemu je najveća prevalencija zabilježena tijekom jeseni, a najmanja tijekom proljeća za oba spola.The paper investigates relationship between parasitic infestation of isopod Anuropodione amphiandra and host Munida speciosa, as well as the seasonal aspect of parasite population dynamics. In the period from June 2019 to May 2020, 1494 specimens of M. speciosa were sampled and morphometric and parasitological analysis were performed. The sex ratio was statistically different, with males predominating. Carapace lenght in males ranged from 10,43 to 19,56 mm, and from 10,80 to 18,50 mm in females. The parameters of length-weight relationship significantly differed between males (isometric growth) and females (negative allometry). Differences between infected and uninfected males were not statistically significant, however infected females demonstrated characteristics of isometric growth. The overall prevalence of A. amphiandra was 18.3%, with a higher proportion of infected males. This research showed seasonal fluctuations in parasite prevalence, with the highest prevalence recorded during autumn and the lowest during spring for each sex
Influence of precipitation on changes in the concentration of the microbial pollution indicators
No full textU morskoj vodi se nalaze brojni alohtoni mikroorganizmi koji mogu predstavljati izravnu opasnost za ljudsko zdravlje. Zbog toga je bitno pratiti kakvoću obalnih voda koje se koriste u rekreacijske svrhe. Posebnu pozornost imaju mikroorganizmi koji dolaze iz probavnog trakta ljudi Escherichia coli i crijevni enterokoki koji se koriste kao indikatori mikrobiološke kvalitete morske vode. Okolišni čimbenici kao što su temperatura, pH, salinitet, sunčevo zračenje i oborine imaju utjecaj na koncentraciju indikatorskih mikroorganizama. Utjecaj oborina na koncentracije indikatora mikrobiološkog zagađenja slabije je istražen. U radu je osim utjecaja oborina istražena i mogućnost korištenja bakterije Staphylococcus aureus kao dodatnog parametra za procjenu kakvoće morske vode. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno na ukupno jedanaest postaja na području grada Trogira, Kaštelanskog zaljeva i grada Splita te na kontrolnoj postaji Stipan jaz koja je udaljena od naseljenih mjesta. Rezultati su pokazali kako manja količina oborina nema utjecaj na koncentraciju indikatorskih mikroorganizama. Također, pokazano je da bi S. aureus mogao biti dodatno istražen kako bi poslužio kao parametar za procjenu kakvoće morske vode.Seawater contains numerous allochthonous microorganisms that can pose a direct danger to human health. Therefore, it is important to monitor the quality of coastal recreational waters. Special attention is given to microorganisms that thrive in the human digestive tract, namely Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, which are also used to assess the microbiological quality of seawater. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, solar radiation and precipitation can impact the concentration of indicator microorganisms, but the impact of precipitation on the concentration of indicator microorganisms has been less investigated. In addition to the influence of precipitation, this paper also questions the possibility of using Staphylococcus aureus as an additional parameter for assessing seawater quality. Sampling was performed at eleven stations in the Trogir, Kaštela bay and Split area, and the control station was situated away from populated areas. The results showed that lower amounts of precipitation do not affect the concentration of indicator microorganisms. It has also been shown that S. aureus could be further investigated to serve as a parameter for assessing seawater quality
New technologies in the processing of fishery products
No full textU ovom radu dan je pregled novih tehnologija i metoda konzerviranja koje se koriste u industrijskoj preradi proizvoda ribarstva. Kako svjetska potražnja za proizvodima morskog podrijetla sve više raste tako i proizvodnja ovog smjera teži za što bolje i kvalitetnije prerađenim proizvodima. U radu je opisana problematika vezana uz procese kvarenja hrane (osobito hrane morskog podrijetla) te tehnološka rješenja koja se koriste za što kvalitetnije konzerviranje. S ciljem očuvanja proizvoda ribarstva sa što manjim gubitcima u kvaliteti, prehrambenim vrijednostima i organoleptičkim svojstvima (arome, boje i okusa) u radu su opisane i predstavljene inovacije i nova tehnološka rješenja za konzerviranje proizvoda ribarstva bazirana na primjeni zračenja, visokog tlaka, jestivih filmova i premaza, ultrazvuka, električnog polja, mikrovalova i drugih. Razrađeni su procesi i principi tih tehnologija kao i njihovo djelovanje na namirnice morskog podrijetla. Također, u radu su opisani željeni ciljevi koji se pokušavaju dostići novim i inovativnim tehnologijama te sve njihove prednosti i nedostaci.This paper provides an overview of new technologies and preservation methods used for the industrial processing of seafood. As the world demand for products of marine origin is growing, so does the quality of the processed products. The paper describes the problems related to the food spoilage (especially food of marine origin) and the best possible technological solutions used for their preservation. To preserve fishery products without the loss of quality, nutritional value and organoleptic properties (aroma, color, texture and flavor), the paper describes and presents novel and innovative technological solutions based on application of radiation, high pressure, edible films and coating, ultrasound, electric field, microwave and others. The processes and principles of these technologies as well as their effect on seafood have been discussed. Also, the paper describes the goals aimed by novel and innovative technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages
Valorization of by-products from fish processing industry
No full textRiba i plodovi mora jedni su od najčešće konzumiranih namirnica i glavna sirovina jednog od najvećih gospodarstava na svijetu. Zdrava i kvalitetna hrana kao što su morski proizvodi nadasve su prijeko potrebna namirnica zbog svojih izvanrednih nutritivnih vrijednosti, ali i zbog toga što su izvor egzistencije velikog dijela pučanstva zaposlenog u ribolovu, industriji prerade, prometu i ostalim uslugama. Usporedno s porastom ljudske populacije potrebe za ovim resursom eksponencijalno rastu. S porastom industrijske proizvodnje veliki problem stvara i generiranje nusproizvoda u riboprerađivačkoj industriji. Sirovina ribljeg podrijetla koji nastaje preradom, a nije prikladan za direktnu prehranu ljudi naziva se nusproizvodom. Nusproizvodi obično gube prioritet u skladištenju i logistici jer imaju manju vrijednost od glavnog proizvoda, no njihova je upotreba i valorizacija ključna za očuvanje morskih resursa. Nusproizvodi se mogu iskoristiti za dobivanje ribljeg brašna i ulja, različitih oblika izolata bogatih proteinima, bioaktivnih komponenti ili komposta. Također, može se koristiti i za dobivanje proizvoda dodane vrijednosti kao što su kolagen, želatina, peptidi, enzimi, hitin i hitozan, itd. U ovom radu dan je pregled nusproizvoda čija je primjena moguća u prehrambenoj industriji, farmaciji i agronomiji, a čijom proizvodnjom se doprinosi ekonomskoj i ekološkoj održivosti sektora.Fish and seafood are one of the most commonly consumed foods and the main raw material of one of the largest industries in the world. Healthy and quality food, such as seafood are above all indispensable foods because of their high nutritional values, but also because they are the source of livelihood of a large part of the population employed in fisheries sector, processing industry, transport and other services. As the human population grows, the need for this resource grows exponentially. With the growth of industrial production, the generation of by-products in the fish processing industry creates a problem. The by-products describe the raw materials generated after the primary product has been produced and they are usually not suitable for direct human consumption. By-products usually lose priority in warehousing and logistics because they have less value than the main product, but their use and valorization is key to conserving marine resources. On the contrary to the general opinion, by-products are not waste, they can be used to obtain fishmeal and fish oil, various forms of protein-rich isolates, bioactive components or eve compost. It can also be used to obtain value-added products such as collagen, gelatin, peptides, enzymes, chitin and chitosan, etc. This paper provides an overview of by-products whose application is possible in the food industry, pharmacy and agronomy, and whose production contributes to the economic and environmental sustainability of the sector
Electrical organs of marine fish species
No full textU ovom radu opisani su električni organi morskih vrsta riba. Na samom početku opisana je građa električnog organa te elektrocita, stanica koje ga izgrađuju, kao i način pražnjenja električnog organa. U nastavku rada, električne ribe podijeljene su u tri kategorije: jako električne ribe, slabo električne ribe i ribe koje mogu samo osjetiti električnu energiju, ali je ne mogu i proizvoditi. Prva skupina riba - jako električne ribe, ima električno pražnjenje organa dovoljno snažno da omami plijen ili ga koristi za obranu. Slabo električne ribe imaju pražnjenje električnog organa koje je preslabo za omamljivanje plijena i umjesto toga koristi se za navigaciju, elektrolokaciju i elektrokomunikaciju i to se naziva aktivnom elektrorecepcijom. Treća kategorija obuhvaća vrste koje ne mogu generirati električnu energiju, ali mogu osjećati slaba bioelektrična polja koja generiraju druge životinje i pomoću njih ih locirati, te se zbog toga to naziva pasivnom elektrorecepcijom. Prema navedenim kategorijama navedene su karakteristične morske vrste uz detaljan opis pripadajućih električnih organa. Nadalje, spomenuti su i važni znanstvenici zaslužni za otkriće električnih organa. Na kraju, opisana je i primjena znanja o električnim organima pri izradi baterije koja radi na sličnom principu.This paper describes the electrical organs of marine fish species. At the beginning, the structure of the electrical organ and electrocytes, the cells that build it, are described, as well as the method of electric organ discharge. In the continuation of the work, electric fish are divided into three categories: strongly electric fish, weak electric fish and fish that can only feel electricity, but cannot produce it. The first group, strongly electric fish, have an electrical discharge of organs strong enough to stun a prey or use it for defence. Weak electric fish have electrical organ discharge weak to stun prey and instead of it, it is used for navigation, electrolocation and electrocomunication and called active electroreception. The third category includes species that cannot generate electricity, but can sense weak bioelectric fields generated by other animals and use them to locate prey, therefore called passive electroreception. For each described category a list of characteristic marine species is given with a detailed description of the associated electrical organs. Furthermore, important scientists credited for the discovery of electrical organs were also mentioned. Finally, the application of knowledge about electrical organs in the manufacture of a battery that works on a similar principle is described
Extreme sea levels in the Adriatic Sea: distribution and trends
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je dati odgovor na nekoliko znanstvenih pitanja koja se tiču pojave ekstremno visokih razina mora i poplava u Jadranskome moru, konkretno, kakav je mjesečni hod esktrema, mjesečni hod srednjih razina mora te pojavljuju li se ekstremno visoke razine mora istovremeno u različitim dijelovima Jadranskog mora. Za potrebe ovog rada koristili su se satni nizovi razine mora mjerene na pet postaja duž Jadranskog mora (Trst, Rovinj, Zadar, Split i Dubrovnik). Provedeno istraživanje dalo je odgovore na postavljena znanstvena pitanja. Najviša razina mora zabilježena je u Trstu u mjesecu studenome (137 cm), dok su najniže ekstremne razine mora bilježene u Zadru u mjesecu kolovozu. Srednje razine mora su najviše u studenome i to na svim postajama, dok se najniže srednje razine mora bilježe u ožujku. Ekstremno visoke razine mora rijetko se javljaju istovremeno na svim postajama.The aim of this study is to answer several scientific questions related to the occurrence of floods in the Adriatic Sea, specifically, to estimate the monthly signal of the extremely high sea levels, to estimate the monthly signal of the mean sea levels and to find out whether floods occur simultaneously over different parts of the Adriatic Sea. For the purposes of the research, hourly sea levels measured at 5 stations along the Adriatic Sea (Trieste, Rovinj, Zadar, Split and Dubrovnik) were used. The study provided answers to set scientific questions. The highest extreme sea level was recorded in Trieste in November (137 cm), while the lowest extreme sea level was recorded in Zadar in August. Mean sea level values are highest in November at all stations, while the lowest mean sea levels are recorded in March. The extreme sea levels rarely occurred simultaneously at all stations
Molecular identification of species in seafood products
No full textDNA barkodiranje je metoda molekularne identifikacije vrsta s korisnom primjenom u
kontroli sastava sirovina i taksonomskoj identifikaciji životinjskih vrsta iz proizvoda
ribarstva. Metoda se temelji na analizi mitohondrijskog lokusa, podjedinici I gena citokrom c
oksidaze (COI). U predmetnom istraživanju provedena je molekularna analiza 98 proizvoda
ribarstva i otkriveno je 26 (26,5%) slučajeva netočno deklariranih vrsta na hrvatskom tržištu.
Među pogrešno identificiranim vrstama 25 (96,2%) uzoraka pripadalo je kralježnjacima, a 1
(3,8%) beskralježnjacima. Među neispravno deklariranim vrstama kralježnjaka, 13 (52%) ih
je pripadalo redu Gadiformes. Identificirana vrsta beskralježnjaka u neispravno deklariranom
proizvodu ribarstva je potjecala iz reda Myopsida, porodice Loliginidae. U ovom radu je prvi
put dana molekularna sekvenca morfološki identificirane vrste Parasquilla ferussaci (Roux,
1828). Vrsta pripada podredu Unipeltata, nadporodici Parasquilloidea, porodici
Parasquillidae, rodu Parasquilla. Izvršena je filogenetska analiza i prikazan je njen odnos sa
srodnim vrstama unutar reda Stomatopoda pomoću filogenetskog stabla. Dobiveni rezultati
sugeriraju da je promatrana vrsta evolucijski najbliža vrsti Faughnia formosae Manning i
Chan, 1997, a najudaljenija od vrste Pseudosquillopsis marmorata (Lockington, 1877).DNA barcoding is a method of molecular identification of species with useful application in
control of the composition and taxonomic identification of animal species in seafood
products. The method is based on the analysis of a single mitochondrial locus, a cytochrome c
oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. In this study a molecular analysis of 98 fishery products from
Croatian market was conducted and results revealed 26 (26.5%) cases of incorrect species
declarations. Among the misidentified species, 25 (96.2%) samples belonged to vertebrates
and 1 (3.8%) to invertebrates. Among the incorrectly declared vertebrate species, 13 (52%)
belonged to the order Gadiformes. The identified invertebrate species in the incorrectly
declared fishery product originated from the order Myopsida, family Loliginidae. In this
study, for the first time, the molecular sequence of the morphologically identified species
Parasquilla ferussaci (Roux, 1828) was given. The species belongs to the suborder
Unipeltata, superfamily Parasquilloidea, family Parasquillidae and the genus Parasquilla.
Phylogenetic analysis was performed and the evolutionary relationship of target species and
others within the order Stomatopoda was shown using a phylogenetic tree. The obtained
results suggest that the observed species is evolutionarily closest to the species Faughnia
formosae Manning & Chan, 1997, and furthest from the species Pseudosquillopsis marmorata
(Lockington, 1877)
Feeding habits of lysianassid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
No full textU radu su opisani različiti tipovi hranjenja rakušaca porodice Lysianassidae. Rakušci su važna komponenta bentosa morskih staništa jer predstavljaju značajan izvor hrane za mnoge organizme na višim trofičkim razinama, a načinom prehrane imaju značajnu ulogu u mineralizaciji sedimenta. Prema načinu prehrane rakušce dijelimo na herbivore, karnivore, omnivore i detrivore. Strvinarski rakušci kao brojčano dominanta i taksonomski raznolika skupina su ključni u nekrofagiji dubokomorskog okoliša. Temeljem morfoloških i fizioloških kriterija mogu se podijeliti u dvije grupe: (1) karnivori/nekrofagi: podnose duga razdoblja gladovanja, hrane se isprekidano te sporo probavljaju hranu i (2) generalisti/detrivori: hrane se sporo, ali neprekidno te nisu sposobni izdržati duga razdoblja gladovanja. Važan jedinstveni osjetni organi kod rakušaca je kalinofor za koji se pretpostavlja da ima funkciju otkrivanja strvine, ali i spolno zrelih ženki.This thesis describes different types of feeding habits of lysianassid amphipods. Amphipods are an important part of marine benthos because they represent a significant source of food for many organisms at higher trophic levels, and with their way of feeding they have a significant role in sediment mineralization. According to feeding habits, amphipods are divided into herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and detrivores. Scavenger amphipods as a numerically dominant and taxonomically diverse group are crucial in the necrophagy of the deep-sea environment. Based on morphological and physiological criteria, they can be divided into two groups: (1) carnivores/necrophages: they endure long periods of starvation, feed intermittently and digest food slowly, and (2) generalists/detrivores: they feed slowly but continuously and are not able to withstand long periods of starvation. An important unique sensory organ in amphipods, called callynophore is assumed to have the function of detecting carrion, as well as sexually mature females