Repository of the Department of Marine Studies at the University of Split
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Impact of Rijeka Oil Refinery wastewaters on marine environment
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je prikazati utjecaj otpadnih voda Rafinerije nafte Rijeka na morski okoliš, na temelju analize i obrade podataka službenih izvješća za 2019. i 2020. godinu. Prikazane su koncentracije parametara za otpadnu vodu, emisija onečišćujućih tvari na Ispustu 1, uspoređene koncentracije fizikalno - kemijskih pokazatelja onečišćenja okoliša s maksimalno dopuštenim koncentracijama (MDK) prema Okolišnoj dozvoli, prosječne koncentracije onečišćujućih tvari za sediment, procijenjena toksičnost teških metala i PAH-ova u sedimentu prema kriterijima za procjenu, ustanovljeni odnosi ukupnih koncentracija PAH-ova i udjela kancerogenih PAH-ova u sedimentu te uspoređeni fizikalno - kemijski pokazatelji onečišćenja mora s propisanim graničnim vrijednostima za morsku vodu. Rezultati za otpadnu vodu, sediment i morsku vodu u području rafinerije nafte Rijeka za 2019. i 2020. godinu potvrđuju zaključke europskih studija da je otpadna rafinerijska voda iz godine u godinu sve čišća i ima manji utjecaj na morski okoliš.The aim of this thesis was to show the impact of Rijeka oil refinery wastewater on the marine environment, based on the analysis and processing of data from official reports for 2019. and 2020. The concentrations of parameters for wastewater, emissions of pollutants at Outfall 1, compared concentrations of physico-chemical indicators of environmental pollution with maximum permissible concentrations (MDK) according to the Environmental Permit, average concentrations of pollutants for sediment, estimated toxicity of heavy metals and PAHs in sediment according to the criteria for assessment, established relationships of total concentrations of PAHs and the share of carcinogenic PAHs in the sediment, and compared the physical and chemical indicators of sea pollution with prescribed limit values for seawater. The results for wastewater, sediment and seawater in the area of the Rijeka oil refinery for 2019. and 2020. confirm the conclusions of European studies that the waste water of the refinery is getting cleaner every year and has less impact on the marine environment
Influence of meteorological parameters on thermohaline properties of the Adriatic sea in September for the period from 2010. to 2019.
No full textPosljednjih godina svjedočimo različitim mikrobiološkim i termohalinim promjenama u Jadranskom moru koje su uzrokovane antropogenim čimbenicima te klimatskim i sinoptičkim promjenama. Jadransko more je pod stalnom modulacijom Jadransko-jonskog bimodalnog oscilirajućeg sustava praćenog Sjevernoatlantskim oscilacijama. Ovaj rad prikazuje promjene termohalinih svojstava za rujan u razdoblju od 2010. do 2019. godine. U rujnu je prisutan podjednak broj genovskih, jadranskih i drugih ciklona. Dubina miješanja i termohalini uvjeti na Jadranu, za gore navedeno razdoblje, su prikupljeni iz velike baze podataka Instituta za oceanografiju i ribarstvo (IOR) za CTD mjerenja. Podatci korišteni u ovom radu (vertikalni profili temperature i saliniteta) uzorkovani su tijekom istraživanja projekta MEDIAS (od 2013. do 2020.), koje je proveo IOR uz podršku Ministarstva poljoprivrede Republike Hrvatske. Sonde CTD SBE25 korištene u istraživanjima redovito su kalibrirane i sva mjerenja su detaljno kontrolirana. Rezultati pokazuju da su promjene dubine miješanja povezane s međugodišnjim promjenama termohalinih parametara uzrokovanih ciklonalnom aktivnošću popraćenih promjenama smjera vjetra.In recent years, we have witnessed various microbiological and thermohaline changes in the Adriatic Sea caused by anthropogenic factors, climate and synoptic changes. The Adriatic Sea is under constant modulation of the Adriatic-Ionian bimodal oscillating system followed by North Atlantic oscillations. This paper presents the changes in thermohaline properties for September in the period from 2010 to 2019. September shows an equal number of Genoese, Adriatic and other cyclones. The mixing depth and thermohaline conditions in the Adriatic, for above referenced period, were collected from a large database of the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOR) for CTD measurements. The data used in this paper (vertical temperature and salinity profiles) were sampled during the research of the MEDIAS project (from 2013 to 2020), conducted by the IOR with the support of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Croatia. The CTD SBE25 probes used in the studies were regularly calibrated and all measurements were well controlled. The results show that changes in mixing depth are associated with interannual changes in termohaline propteries connected with cyclone activity accompanied by changes in wind direction
Hazards in the marketing of fishery products and their control
No full textU završnom radu predstavljene su biološke, kemijske i fizičke opasnosti koje predstavljaju rizik
kod konzumacije ribe i drugih morskih organizama. Kontrola navedenih opasnosti sastavni je
dio preduvjetnih programa koji su uvjet za provedbu HACCP sustava i proizvodnju hrane. Osim
navedenog, u radu je dan pregled opasnosti koje se povezuju s pojedinim vrsta i uz određene
tehnološke procese. Kako bi se rizici od pojedinih opasnosti umanjili potrebno je i da potrošači
kupuju proizvode od provjerenih proizvođača te da se prije upotrebe proizvoda informiraju o
alergenima i potencijalnim opasnostima.The thesis presents the biological, chemical and physical hazards that represent a risk in the
consumption of fish and other marine organisms. The control of the mentioned hazards is an
integral part of the prerequisite programs that are necessary conditions for the implementation
of the HACCP system and food production. In addition to the mentioned, the paper provides an
overview of the hazards associated with certain species and with certain technological
processes. To reduce the risks of certain hazards, it is also necessary for consumers to purchase
products from verified producers/sellers and to inform themselves about allergens and potential
risks before using the product
Diet of Sphyraena species in the eastern Adriatic
No full textSphyraena viridensis i Sphyraena sphyraena su vrste roda Sphyraena koje obitavaju u Jadranskom moru. U ovom istraživanju se proučavala ishrana obje vrste analiziranjem sadržaja želudaca. Jedinke su bile prikupljene na području otoka Kaprije, otoka Zlarina, te otoka Hvara u vremenu od studenog 2020. do veljače 2021., nakon čega su im želuci konzervirani do laboratorijske obrade. U želucima vrste S. viridensis su pronađene vrste Posidonia oceanica, Engraulis encrasicolus, Boops boops i Atherina hepsetus te neidentificirane vrste riba, a u želucima vrste S. sphyraena je pronađena jedino vrsta E. encrasicolus te neidentificirana vrsta ribe. Uz pomoć dobivenih rezultata su izračunati postotak učestalosti pojavljivanja (%F), postotak brojnosti (%N) i postotak mase (%W) koji su služili za dobivanje koeficijenta relativnog značaja (IRI), koeficijenta osnovnih tipova hrane (MFI) i koeficijenta hranjivosti (Q). Ti koeficijenti su pokazali da je za vrstu S. viridensis, P. oceanica slučajna hrana, E. encrasicolus glavna hrana, a B. boops i A. hepsetus neophodna hrana. Kod vrste S. sphyraena rezultati su pokazali da je vrsta E. encrasicolus neophodna hrana. Ovo istraživanje može doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju prehrane ovih vrsta u Jadranskom moru te biti temelj za buduća istraživanja.Sphyraena viridensis and Sphyraena sphyraena are species of the genus Sphyraena inhabiting the Adriatic Sea. In this thesis, we studied the diet of both species by examining the contents of their stomachs. The individuals were collected in the areas around islands Kaprije, Zlarin, and Hvar in the period from November 2020 to February 2021, following the preservation of stomachs until analysis. In the stomachs of S. viridensis we found species Posidonia oceanica, Engraulis encrasicolus, Boops boops and Atherina hepsetus and unidentified fish species, while in the stomachs of S. sphyraena we found only E. encrasicolus and unidentified fish. Based on the obtained results, the percentage of frequency of occurrence (%F), the percentage of abundance (%N) and the percentage of weight (%W) were calculated, and they were used to calculate the coefficient of relative importance (IRI), the coefficient of basic types of food (MFI) and the coefficient of nutrition (Q). Those coefficients showed that for the species S. viridensis, P. oceanica is an accidental food, E. encrasicolus is the main food, while B. boops and A. hepsetus are essential food. In the case of S. sphyraena results showed that E. encrasicolus is an essential food. This research can provide better insight in the diet of Sphyraena species in the Adriatic Sea, and can be the basis for the future studies
Concentrations of Contaminants - Descriptor 8 according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD 2008/56/EZ)
No full textTema završnog rada je pobliže predstaviti Deskriptor 8 prema staroj Odluci Komisije 2010/477/EU te novoj Odluci Komisije 2017/848/EU. Prema Okvirnoj direktivi o morskoj strategiji (ODMS), sve članice EU obvezne su poduzeti sve mjere za održavanje i postizanje dobrog stanja morskog okoliša (DSO). U radu su već naznačenim Odlukama navedeni pripadajući kriteriji za DSO, njihove uloge i zakonodavni okviri. Procjena stanja morskog okoliša aktivna je i u Republici Hrvatskoj te su uz navedene zakonodavne protokole ukratko prezentirani rezultati provedenih istraživanja kroz prostornu i vremensku raspodjelu koncentracija onečišćujućih tvari kroz dva ciklusa provedbe ODMS.In this thesis, the goal is to present Descriptor 8 in more detail according to the old Commission Decision 2010/477/EU and the new Commission Decision 2017/848/EU. According to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). EU state members are obliged to take all measures to maintain and achieve a good state of the marine environment (GES). In this thesis, the relevant criteria for GES, their roles and legislative frameworks are listed in the already indicated Decisions. The assessment of the state of the marine environment is also active in the Republic of Croatia, and in addition to the aforementioned legislative protocols, brief overview of conducted research on the spatial and temporal distribution of concentrations of contaminants during two cycles of MSFD are presented
Biodiversity on collectors of shellfish larves at selected locations
No full textU ovom radu prikazano je istraživanje zajednice školjkaša na kolektorima ličinki školjkaša koji su postavljeni na dva područja ekološke mreže Natura 2000, Pantan (HR3000430) i ušće Cetine (HR3000126). Kolektori su postavljeni u svrhu prikupljanja ličinki endemske, dugoživuće, kritično ugrožene i strogo zaštićene vrste školjkaša u Mediteranu, periske Pinna nobilis, Linnaeus 1758 te prikupljanja podataka o biološkoj raznolikosti školjkaša na kolektorima. Tijekom analize obraštajne zajednice s kolektora ličinki školjkaša determinirano je ukupno 19 vrsta školjkaša iz 11 porodica. Tijekom obrade kolektora nisu pronađene juvenilne jedinke vrste P. nobilis, ali determinirana je invazivna vrsta mješčićnice Styela plicata za koju postoje indicije da je rezervoar parazita Haplosporidium pinnae koji je detektiran kao uzročnik masovne smrtnosti vrste P. nobilis.The paper presents a study of the shellfish community on shellfish larvae collectors set up in two areas of ecological network Natura 2000, Pantan (HR3000430) and the Cetina estuary (HR3000126). The collectors were set up with purpose to collect the larvae of endemic, long-lived, critically endangered and strictly protected species in the Mediterranean Pinna nobilis, Linnaeus 1758, and to collect data on the biological diversity of bivalves on collectors. Analysis of the shellfish larvae collectors resulted in determination of 19 species from 11 families. During collector processing none of the P. nobilis juveniles were found, but the invasive species Styela plicata was determined for which there are indications of being reservoir of the Haplosporidium pinnae parasite which is detected as probable cause of P. nobilis mass mortality
Typical Adriatic winds
No full textJadransko more i njegovo priobalje su pod utjecajem vjetrova različitih smjerova i snage. Neki od tih vjetrova povremeno dosežu orkansku snagu. Vjetrovi predstavljaju većinom horizontalna strujanja zraka te su određeni smjerom i brzinom, odnosno jakošću. Postoji niz različitih tipova vjetra, te su s vremenom, zaslužno dobili i jedinstvene nazive. Svaki vjetar ima specifičan način nastajanja i djelovanja na okolinu. Uglavnom su poznati po elementarnim nepogodama. Vjetrovna energija može se i iskoristiti. Korištenje njihove energije očitovalo se i kroz povijest – vjetar je bitno doprinio ranim pomorskim putovanjima. Ruža vjetrova najpoznatiji je slikoviti prikaz vrsta vjetrova, pri čemuje zvjezdani dijagram najčešći oblik. Za prikaz snage vjetra koristi se Beaufortova ljestvica jačine vjetra. Anemometar spada pod instrumente za mjerenje brzine strujanja vjetra. Vjetrovi koji pušu nad Jadranskim morem dijele se na južne, sjeverne i ostale vjetrove. Najpoznatiji jadranski vjetar sjevernog smjera je bura, a južnog je jugo. Bura je nestabilan, jak, suh i hladan vjetar koji puše s kopna, poznat u svijetu pod imenom „Bora“. Jugo je stabilan, vlažan i topao vjetar koji je još poznat pod imenom „Sirocco“. U radu se diskutiraju i ostali vjetrovi koji utječu na Jadransko more, obalu i ljude. Za bitne vjetrove istaknuto je i podrijetlo njihovih imena. Također su navedena i njihova „lokalna imena“ koja su im nadjenuli ljudi iz različitih krajeva.Adriatic Sea and its coast are influenced by multiple winds, which vary in both direction and strength. Some of those winds have the potential to reach immense hurricane force. The winds mostly represent the horizontal airflow. The winds are often defined and named by their speed and direction, resulting in a vast range of strengths and names. They are often known by their effects during storms or by their specific formations and effects. The wind rose is the best and most accurate visual representation of these winds, where the star diagram is the most common shape. Beaufort's scale is used to gain precise information on the strength of the wind. Anemometer, on the other hand, is used for measuring the speed of the wind. Based on their effects and orientation winds are divided into Nothern winds, Southern winds, and Other winds. Even if vastly different, wind power is much necessary for the land and the people residing in it. Ever since the early days, the specific winds have been of immense help to the sailors of the Adriatic sea. The two most common and influential winds of the bunch are named Bura and Jugo, with Bura being a part of the Northern winds, while Jugo being part of the Southern winds. Bura is an unstable, strong, dry, and cold wind that blows from the land, while Jugo is stable, moist, and warm. Bura can also be referred to as Bora while Jugo is commonly referred to as Sirocco. The paper also discusses other winds that affect the Adriatic Sea. For more important winds, their name origin and local names are specified in their sections
Application of DNA metabarcoding in fisheries and aquaculture
No full textDNA barkodiranje je metoda identifikacije kojom pomoću genetičkog biljega identificiramo
određene vrste. Najčešći biljeg kod životinja je dio mitohondrijske citokrom c oksidaze I
(COI). DNA barkodiranje je metoda kojom iz jednog uzorka identificiramo jedan organizam,
dok je DNA metabarkodiranje metoda pomoću koje identificiramo više vrsta iz istog uzorka.
Okolišna DNA (eDNA) je genetički materijal suspendiran u okolišu. Voda i sediment
predstavljaju uzorak okoliša koji sadržava DNA organizama koji žive u okolišu i može se
koristiti kao neinvazivna metoda analize bioraznolikosti zajednice. Omogućava praćenje
pojedinačnih rijetkih, ugroženih ili invazivnih vrsta, praćenje patogenih organizama u
akvakulturi, analizu zajednica čitavih područja na različitim taksonomskim razinama, analizu
indikatorskih organizama, te analizu ishrane u analizi hranidbenih mreža.DNA barcoding is an identification method that uses a genetic marker to identify certain
species. The most common animal marker is mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI).
DNA barcoding is a method by which we identify one organism from one sample, while DNA
metabarcoding is a method by which we identify several species from the same sample.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a genetic material that is suspended in the environment.
Water and sediment represent an environmental sample that contains the DNA of organisms
living in the environment and can be used as a non-invasive method for monitoring of
community biodiversity. It enables monitoring of individual rare, endangered or invasive
species, monitoring of pathogenic organisms in aquaculture, community analysis of entire
areas at different taxonomic levels, indicator organisms analyses, and diet analysis in
predator-prey relationships
Catch composition of beach seines targeting picarel from Makarska, Šćedro and Paklinski otoci
No full textU ovom radu su predstavljeni rezultati kvalitativno-kvantitativne analize ulova obalne mreže potegače za lov gire na području Makarske rivijere, Paklinskih otoka i Šćedra. Analizirano je ukupno 12 potega od kojih je 6 bilo na području Makarske rivijere, 3 na području Paklinskih otoka i 3 na području Šćedra. U ukupnom ulovu je zabilježena 49 vrsti riba i glavonožaca. Najzastupljenija vrsta u ulovu svih analiziranih područja je bila Spicara smaris koja zajedno s vrstama: Spicara flexuosa, Spicara maena, Boops boops, Oblada melanura i Sarpa salpa, sačinjava 77% ulova s područja Makarske, 78% ulova s područja Šćedra i 86% ulova s područja Paklinskih otoka. Od ukupnog broja ulovljenih jedinki svih vrsta koje imaju propisanu minimalnu referentnu veličinu za očuvanje (MRVO), 11,3% je bilo ispod navedene veličine. Analiza dužinske strukture provedena za vrstu S. smaris je pokazala da je na sva tri analizirana područja, udio nedoraslih jedinki ove vrste bio oko 1%. Sastav ulova ostvaren na području Makarske statistički se značajno razlikovao od ulova s područja Šćedra i Paklinskih otoka, dok se sastav ulova Paklinskih otoka i Ščedra statistički nije razlikovao.This thesis presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis shore seine catches from the area of Makarska, Pakleni otoci and Ščedro. In total, 12 hauls were analysed, 6 from Makarska, and 3 from Paklinski otoci and 3 from Šćedro. A total of 49 different species of fish and cephalopods were identified in the catches. Most abundant species in shore seine catches from all three analysed areas was Spicara smaris, which together with Spicara flexuosa, Spicara maena, Boops boops, Oblada melanura and Sarpa salpa accounted for 77%, 78% and 86% of the total catch from Makarska, Paklinski otoci and Šćedro, respectively. Of the total number of caught individuals of all species that have the prescribed minimum conservation reference size (MCRS), 11.3% were below the specified size. Length frequency analysis showed that catches from all three areas contained around 1% juveniles of S. smaris. Shore seine catch composition from Makarska significantly differed from Šćedro and Paklinski otoci catches, while no significant difference in catch composition between Paklinski otoci and Šćedro has been observed
Influence of atmospheric conditions on surface salinity and sea temperature in the Adriatic in September for the period from 2010. to 2019.
No full textU ovom radu analiziran je utjecaj atmosferskih čimbenika (temperature zraka i oborine) na temperaturu mora i salinitet te strujanje u Jadranskom moru za mjesec rujan u razdoblju od 2010. do 2019. godine. Prikazana je višegodišnja varijabilnost prostorne raspodjele temperature mora i saliniteta na dubini od 5 m, te strujanja na 5 i 20 m dubine. Podatci saliniteta i temperature na 5 m dubine dobiveni su višegodišnjim terenskim uzorkovanjem korištenjem CTD sonde, polja struja su produkt numeričke reanalize Copernicus programa, dok su podatci o temperaturi zraka i oborina rezultat klimatološke analize mjerenja na postajama Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda. Za promatrano razdoblje uočena je iznimna višegodišnja varijabilnost srednje temperature zraka i količine oborina te površinske temperature. Osim atmosferskih čimbenika na svojstva Jadranskog mora je utjecalo i Sredozemno more kroz komunikaciju preko Otrantskih vrata. U promatranom razdoblju zabilježen je porast saliniteta što je rezultiralo rekordnim vrijednostima saliniteta koje su bile veće od ranije izmjerenih.In this paper, the influence of atmospheric factors (air temperature and precipitation) on sea temperature and salinity and currents in the Adriatic Sea is analyzed for the month of September in the period from 2010 to 2019. Long-term variability of the spatial distribution of sea temperature and salinity at 5 m depth and currents at 5 and 20 m depth is presented. The data on salinity and temperature at 5 m depth were obtained by multi-year field sampling with CTD probes, the current fields are the product of numerical reanalysis of the Copernicus program, while the data on air temperature and precipitation are the result of climatological analysis of measurements at Croatian meteorological and hydrological service stations. Exceptional multiyear variability in the mean air temperature and precipitation, as well as in the surface temperature, was found for the observed period. In addition to atmospheric factors, the characteristics of the Adriatic Sea were also influenced by the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Otranto. An increase in salinity was observed during the observed period, leading to record salinity values, higher than those previously measured