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Microstructure characterization of intermetallic compounds in the welded joint of Hilumin and aluminium
No full textOsnovni cilj ovog rada bila je karakterizacija intermetalnih spojeva u zavarenom spoju čelika prevučenog niklom (Hilumin) i aluminijske legure 1050. U teorijskom dijelu rada opisano lasersko zavarivanje raznorodnih materijala i utjecajni faktori pri zavarivanju. Detaljno su opisani intermetalni spojevi koji se mogu formirati prilikom zavarivanja aluminija i čelika.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada provedena je analiza makrostrukture i mikrostrukture te mjerenje mikrotvrdoće HV0,01 i HV0,025 zavarenih spojeva na disk laseru. Mikrostruktura je analizirana na svjetlosnom i pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopu. Također je provedena energetski disperzivna spektrometrija kako bi se odredili udjeli kemijskih elemenata u intermetalnim spojevima formiranim u metalu zavara. Utvrđeno je da se navedenim postupcima mogu pouzdano identificirati različiti intermetalni spojevi u metalu zavara.The main objective of this thesis was the characterization of intermetallic compounds in the welded joint of nickel-plated steel (Hilumin) and aluminium alloy 1050. The theoretical part of the thesis describes laser welding of dissimilar materials and influential factors in dissimilar materials welding. Intermetallic compounds that can be formed during welding of aluminium and steel are described in detail.
In the experimental part of the thesis, macrostructure and microstructure analysis, as well as microhardness measurements HV0.01 and HV0.025 of disk laser welded joints, were performed. The microstructure was analysed using a light and scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive spectrometry was also performed to determine the compositions of chemical elements in intermetallic compounds formed in the weld metal. It has been determined that the above methods can reliably identify various intermetallic compounds in the weld metal
Functional Hydrogels Based on Fmoc-Amino Acids
No full textHidrogelatori male molekulske mase temeljeni na Fmoc-amino kiselinama predstavljaju obećavajuće molekule, nudeći brojne prednosti poput jednostavne pripreme hidrogelova, prilagodljivih svojstava i biokompatibilnosti. Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je na dizajn i karakterizaciju hidrogelova temeljenih na Fmoc-histidinu i Fmoc-cisteinu, kao gradivnim jedinicama koje su sposobne formirati supramolekularne strukture putem nekovalentnih interakcija kao što su vodikove veze i π-π slaganje. Histidin, polarna aminokiselina, često se koristi za katalizu u kombinaciji s cisteinom, neutralnom aminokiselinom poznatom po svojoj sklonosti stvaranju disulfidnih mostova oksidacijom. U ovoj studiji, hidrogelovi su dobiveni pri koncentracijama od 10 mM i 15 mM Fmoc-Cys u PBS-u, a kristali su dobiveni pri 10 mM Fmoc-His na temelju samoorganizacije pojedinačnih Fmoc-amino kiselina. Nadalje, njihova ko-samoorganizacija pri koncentracijama od 20 mM i 30 mM rezultirala je prozirnim hidrogelovima. Procijenjena je stabilnost hidrogelova, strukturna svojstva i katalitička aktivnost. Fmoc-His se samoorganizirao u kristale, a njihova struktura je riješena korištenjem rendgenske difrakcije. Stabilnost gela Fmoc-Cys i Fmoc-Cys:Fmoc-His ispitana je pomoću testa inverzije bočice, termoreverzibilnog testa i reologije. Osim toga, provedene su LC-MS analiza i Ellmanov test kako bi se istražila oksidacija Fmoc-Cys, dok je fluorescencijska analiza otkrila kritične koncentracije agregacije (CAC) Fmoc-amino kiselina. p-NPA test korišten je za procjenu katalitičke aktivnosti hidrogelova. Rezultati sugeriraju da ko-samoorganizirani hidrogeli Fmoc-Cys:Fmoc-His pokazuju superiornu katalitičku aktivnost u usporedbi sa samoorganiziranim Fmoc-Cys. Niža aktivnost Fmoc-Cys može se pripisati formiranju disulfidnih mostova putem oksidacijskih procesa, što smanjuje njegovu nukleofilnu reaktivnost. Ova studija doprinosi razumijevanju hidrogelatora male molekulska mase i njihovih potencijalnih primjena kao minimalističkih katalizatora.Low molecular weight hydrogelators based on Fmoc-amino acids are promising molecules, offering numerous advantages such as ease of hydrogel preparation, tunable properties and biocompatibility. This research focuses on the design and characterization of hydrogels based on Fmoc-Histidine and Fmoc-Cysteine, as building blocks capable of forming structures supramolecular through non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. Histidine, a polar amino acid, is frequently exploited for catalysis in combination with cysteine, a neutral amino acid known for its propensity to create disulfide bridges through oxidation. In this study, hydrogels are obtained at 10 mM and 15 mM of Fmoc-Cys in PBS and crystals are obtained at 10 mM of Fmoc-His based on the self-assembly of individual Fmoc-amino acids. Furthermore, their co-assembly at 20 mM and 30 mM resulted in transparent hydrogels. Hydrogel stability, structural properties and catalytic activity were assessed. Fmoc-His self-assembled into crystals and its structure was solved using X-ray diffraction. Gel stability of Fmoc-Cys and Fmoc-Cys:Fmoc-His was conducted using a vial inversion test, the thermoreversibility test and rheology. Moreover, LC-MS analysis and Ellman’s assay were performed to investigate the Fmoc-Cys oxidation, while fluorescence analysis to reveal critical aggregation concentrations (CAC) of Fmoc-amino acids. The p-NPA assay was used to evaluate the catalytic activity of hydrogels. The results suggest that Fmoc-Cys:Fmoc-His co-assembled hydrogels exhibit superior catalytic activity compared to self-assembled Fmoc-Cys. The lower activity of Fmoc-Cys might be attributed to the formation of disulfide bridges via the oxidation processes, thereby hindering its nucleophilic reactivity. This study contributes to the understanding of low molecular weight hydrogelators and their potential applications as minimalistic catalysts
New Forms of Political Participation: An Analysis of Political Campaigns from the Online Forum 4chan
No full textU diplomskom radu se analiziraju i kritički razmatraju političke kampanje korisnika internetskog foruma 4chan – specifičnije, s podforuma /pol/ (Politically Incorrect), u svrhu utvrđivanja predstavljaju li one novi oblik političke participacije. U radu se, kroz prikaz relevantne literature o političkoj participaciji, konektivnom djelovanju te kroz prikaz povijesti, organizacije i koncepcije foruma 4chan, uspostavljaju temelji na kojima se razrađuje kvalitativna analiza dviju relevantnih političkih kampanja korisnika /pol/-a. Glavni nalazi analize odabranih političkih kampanja pokazuju da su one kolektivne, subverzivne, da koriste troll strategije radi realiziranja konzervativnih ciljeva te da sudjelovanje korisnika u njima, zbog političke motiviranosti djelovanja, predstavlja oblik političke participacije. Takva politička participacija se također može smatrati novim oblikom političke participacije, zbog naglaska na djelovanju manjeg broja pojedinca iz cijelog svijeta, nedostatku organizacijske hijerarhije te drugačijoj logici upotrebe društvenih mreža za dijeljenje materijala.The focus of this work is the analysis and critical consideration of the political campaigns from the internet forum 4chan's – more specifically, from the subforum /pol/ (Politically Incorrect), in order to determine whether they represent a new form of political participation. Through detailing major points of relevant literature on political participation, connective action, as well as through detailing the history, organization and conception of the internet forum 4chan, the foundations for the quantitative analysis of two selected /pol/ political campaigns are prepared. The main findings of the analysis of selected political campaigns show that they are collective, subversive, that they use troll strategies in order to successfully realize conservative political goals and that the participation of the site's users in them can be considered to represent a form of political participation, due to the politically motivated nature of such participation. Such a form of political participation can also be considered to be an inovative, new form of political participation, through its emphasis on the participation of a smaller number of people throughout the world, lack of an established organizational hierarchy, and its different use of social media for content sharing
Application of self-assembled monolayers for corrosion protection of metallic implant materials
No full textU današnjoj medicini, sve se veća pažnja pridaje implantnim materijalima koji u ljudskom tijelu služe kao zamjena kostiju, zubi i drugih oštećenih bioloških struktura. Titanij i njegove legure jedni su od najčešće korištenih materijala za izradu implantata, upravo zbog svojih poželjnih svojstava uključujući veliku čvrstoću, malu gustoću, dobru korozijsku otpornost, biokompatibilnost i bioinertnost. Jedan od glavnih problema po postupku implantacije u ljudsko tijelo predstavlja degradacija implantata kao posljedica procesa korozije. Korozija, osim djelomičnog gubitka funkcije implantata ili preuranjenog kvara, štetno djeluje na čovjeka uslijed neželjenog otpuštanja metalnih iona koji se mogu nakupljati u okolna tkiva i organe što može dovesti do opasnih posljedica na ljudsko zdravlje. Kako do toga ne bi došlo, prije ugradnje u ljudsko tijelo, postoje različiti postupci korozijske zaštite implantata, uključujući nanošenje prevlaka samoorganizirajućih monoslojeva koji štite od razarajućeg djelovanja korozije, a u nekim slučajevima i poboljšavaju sama svojstva implantata. Samoorganizirajući monoslojevi (SAM) nastaju adsorpcijom organskih molekula iz homogene otopine i spontanim raspoređivanjem na krutu površinu u gusto pakirane uređene strukture. U ovom radu naglasak je na samoorganizirajućim monoslojevima fosfonskih kiselina koji u usporedbi s drugim SAM-ovima pokazuju bolju temperaturnu stabilnost te bolja hidrofobna svojstva i pokrivenost površine, zbog čega su vrlo atraktivni kandidati u području znanosti o materijalima i inženjerstvu površina. Njihova uloga na površini titanijevog implantata nije samo kao zaštitna barijera protiv korozije, već i za povećanje bioaktivnosti i poboljšanje oseointegracije titanijskog implantnog materijala zbog čega su ključan faktor pri dugoročnoj stabilnosti samog implantata.In today’s medicine, more attention is given to implant materials that serve as replacements for bones, teeth and other damaged biological structures in the human body. Titanium and its alloys are one of the most commonly used materials for making implants, due to their desirable properties including high strength, low density, good corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and bioinertness. One of the main problems in the process of implantation in the human body is the implant degradation as a result of the corrosion process. Corrosion, in addition to partial loss of implant function or premature failure, has a harmful effect on humans due to the unwanted release of metal ions that can accumulate in the surrounding tissues and organs what can lead to dangerous consequences for human health. In order to prevent corrosion, before implantation in human body, various corrosion protection modification methods can be applied, including the self-assembling monolayer coatings that provide corrosion protection to the underlying implant, and in some cases improve the properties of implant itself. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are formed by the adsorption of organic molecules from a homogeneous solution and subsequent spontaneous arrangement on a solid surface into densely packed ordered structures. In this work, the emphasis is on self-organizing monolayers of phosphonic acids, which, compared to other SAMs, show better temperature stability and better hydrophobic properties and surface coverage, hence, serving as very attractive candidates in the field of materials science and surface engineering. Their role on the surface of the titanium implant is not only as a protective barrier against corrosion, but also to increase the bioactivity and improve the osseointegration of the titanium implant material, which is why they are a key factor in the long-term stability of the implant itself
Electrical properties of battery cells of electric vehicles
No full textSrce svakog električnog vozila je baterija, sastavljena od stotina baterijskih ćelija. Kvaliteta ćelije određuje kvalitetu, svojstva i životni vijek električnog vozila. Mehanička oštećenja ćelija česta su pojava u praksi, no još uvijek nije u potpunosti poznat njihov izravan utjecaj na mikrostrukturu i električna svojstva. U ovom radu ispitivan je utjecaj udubina i ogrebotina na električna svojstva čeličnih i aluminijevih cilindričnih litij-ionskih baterijskih ćelija. Tijekom 39 dana mjerene su unutarnje temperature, napon i otpor baterijskih ćelija. Pokazano je kako promatrana mehanička oštećenja nemaju značajan utjecaj na brzinu pražnjenja baterijskih ćelija, ali da nisu nimalo zanemariva i bezopasna.Battery, the heart of the electric vehicle, is assembled from hundreds of cells. The quality, final properties and life span of electric vehicles are connected to quality of their batteries. It's still not fully discovered how mechanical damages affect the electrical properties and microstructure of battery cells. This master's thesis studies the impact that dents and scratches have on the electrical properties of steel and aluminum cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells. Internal temperature, voltage and resistance were measured during 39 days. Study shows dents and scratches don't affect the discharge rate significantly but they are still harmful and should be avoided if possible
Comparative Analysis of the Costs of Building Masonry Constructions with Different Material Characteristics : Undergraduate Thesis
No full textOvaj rad analizira troškove i karakteristike zidanja garaže koristeći različite materijale: Porotherm, Ytong, betonski blok, Durisol, Porotherm Izo. Uspoređivani su parametri poput čvrstoće, toplinske provodljivosti i cijene. Rezultati pokazuju da Porotherm Izo pruža najbolji balans između energetske učinkovitosti i čvrstoće, dok su ostali materijali povoljniji u određenim aspektima, ali manje optimalni u cjeliniThis paper analyzes the costs and characteristics of building a garage using different materials: Porotherm, Ytong, concrete block, Durisol, Porotherm Izo. Parameters such as strength, thermal conductivity and price were compared. The results show that Porotherm Izo provides the best balance between energy efficiency and strength, while other materials are more favorable in certain aspects, but less optimal overall
Characterization of biodegradable waste
No full textNepravilno gospodarenje otpadom dovodi do štetnih posljedica u okolišu uz rizik za javno zdravlje. Poznavanje svojstava otpada ključno je za iskorištavanje njegovog potencijala, čija oporaba postaje ozbiljan izazov diljem svijeta. Osim što stvara potencijalne ekološke probleme, otpad ne samo da predstavlja gubitke iz proizvodnog procesa vrijednih sirovina i energije, već zahtijeva i značajna ulaganja u kontrolu onečišćenja. U ovom radu provedena je karakterizacija organske frakcije miješanog komunalnog otpada simulacijom procjedne vode u laboratorijskim uvjetima. Rezultati pokazuju da udio biorazgradive organske frakcije u miješanom komunalnom otpadu je veći od 61,5 % uz visoku prosječnu vrijednost omjera BPK5/KPK od 0,80±0,05 što ukazuje na značajan potencijal za biološku valorizaciju ispitivanog realnog uzorka.Improper waste management leads to harmful environmental consequences and poses risks to public health. Understanding the properties of waste is crucial for harnessing its potential, and its recovery is becoming a serious challenge worldwide. Besides creating potential ecological problems, waste not only represents losses of valuable raw materials and energy from the production process, but also requires significant investments in pollution control.
In this study, the characterization of the organic fraction of mixed municipal waste was conducted by simulating leachate in laboratory conditions. The results show that the biodegradable organic fraction in mixed municipal waste is over 61.5%, with a high average BOD5/COD ratio of 0.80±0.05, indicating significant potential for biological valorization of the tested real sample
Analysis of composite hollow insulators in instrument transformers by laboratory tests and finite element method
No full textPotreba za električnom energijom je svakim danom sve veća, a samim time je i potreba za uređajima za distribuciju, pretvorbu i sigurnu uporabu električne energije sve veća. Takvi uređaji su transformatori. Vrsta transformatora koji su zaduženi za upravljanje, nadzor i zaštitu distributivnih mreža su mjerni transformatori. Mjerni transformatori dijele se na strujne, naponske, kombinirane i specijalne i oni pretvaraju prvotno izmjerene struje i napone na vrijednosti koje su prikladne za mjerenje. Zbog svoje specifične, vitke, konstrukcije su mjerni transformatori skloni lomu. Najkritičniji dio transformatora je izolator. Izolator se proizvodi od porculana ili od kompozita, a sve više se teži kompozitnim izolatorima zbog manje mase i nekih boljih mehaničkih svojstava materijala. Kompozitni izolatori se proizvode u izvedbi laminiranog kompozita s različitim tehnologijama namatanja vlakna ojačala u matricu. Končar naručuje izolatore od provjerenih proizvođača, ali je tehnologija proizvodnje poslovna tajna pa točna mehanička svojstva kompozita koja služe za valjanu analizu nisu poznata. U ovom diplomskom radu provedeno je laboratorijsko ispitivanje izolatora u Končarevom Institutu prema normi HRN EN IEC 61462:2023. Tri tipa izolatora proizvedenih različitim tehnologijama su prema normi bili podvrgnuti na savojno opterećenje koje je dominantno kod izolatora. Također je napravljena FEM-analiza u svrhu usporedbe rezultata. Željeni ishod je bio zamijeniti skupo laboratorijsko ispitivanje brzom i jeftinijom analizom konačnih elemenata. FEM-analiza je provedena u Ansysu gdje su postavljeni svi potrebni rubni uvjeti i opterećenja. Rezultati dobiveni s Instituta dosta su se razlikovali od rezultata dobivenih numeričkom metodom konačnih elemenata. Zaključak koji se može donijeti je da FEM-analiza daje zadovoljavajuće rezultate u usporedbi s eksperimentalnim ispitivanjem, ali i da su potrebna poboljšanja. Potrebno je definirati daljnji slijed ispitivanja ili novu metodu ispitivanja gdje bi se uklonili potencijalni čimbenici koji negativno utječu na krajnje rezultate analize i ispitivanja. Predložene promjene su uklanjanje inicijalnog opterećenja, dodavanje više uzoraka prilikom ispitivanja te, ako je moguće, provjera mehaničkih svojstava kompozita dobivena od proizvođača kako bi se unijeli točni podatci i samim time se osigurala točnost FEM-analize.The demand for electrical energy is increasing daily, and consequently, the need for devices for the distribution, conversion, and safe use of electrical energy is also growing. Such devices are called transformers. A type of transformer responsible for the management, monitoring, and protection of distribution networks is the instrument transformer. Instrument transformers are divided into current, voltage, combined, and special transformers. They convert initially measured currents and voltages into values suitable for measurement. Due to their specific, slender construction, instrument transformers are prone to breaking. The most critical part of the transformer is the insulator. Insulators are made of porcelain or composite materials, with a growing preference for composite insulators due to their lower weight and some of their better mechanical properties. Composite insulators are made in the form of laminated composites with different fiber – winding technologies. Končar orders insulators from verified manufacturers, but the manufacturing technology is a trade secret, so the exact mechanical properties of the composites used for a valid analysis are unknown. In this Master’s thesis laboratory testing of insulators was conducted at the Končar's Institute according to the HRN EN IEC 61462:2023 standard. Three types of insulators, manufactured using different technologies, were subjected to bending loads, which are dominant in insulators, according to the standard. A finite element method (FEM) analysis was also conducted for comparison. The desired outcome was to replace expensive laboratory testing with a faster and cheaper finite element analysis. The FEM analysis was performed in Ansys, where all necessary boundary conditions and loads were set. The results obtained from the Institute differed significantly from those obtained by FEM. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the FEM analysis gives satisfactory results compared to the experimental test, but also that improvements are needed. It is necessary to define a further testing sequence or a new testing method to eliminate potential factors that negatively impact the final results of the analysis and testing. The proposed changes include removing initial loading, adding more samples during testing, and, if possible, verifying the mechanical properties of the composite provided by the manufacturer to ensure the accuracy of the FEM analysis
Optimization of the production process of battery packs for electric vehicles
No full textTema ovog rada je optimizacija proizvodnih procesa primjenom Lean Six Sigma metodologije. Kroz prvi dio rada daje se teorijska podloga o samoj metodologiji koja se nametnula kao odličan pristup za postizanje operativne izvrsnosti i optimizaciju proizvodnih procesa. U nastavku se detaljno obrađuju alati Lean Six Sigma metodologije koji će se primijeniti u praktičnom dijelu rada i koji su odličan korak prema optimizaciji procesa u proizvodnji. Nakon temeljitog proučavanja relevantne literature u prvom dijelu rada, drugi dio fokusira se na praktičnu primjenu stečenog znanja s ciljem poboljšanja proizvodnih procesa. U praktičnom dijelu mapirani su procesi proizvodnje baterijskih paketa električnih vozila i detektirane nesukladnosti koje se događaju unutar procesa. Nakon identificiranja nesukladnosti napravljena je analiza potencijalnih uzroka, prikaz rješenja tih nesukladnosti i pristup prema njihovoj prevenciji u budućnosti. U drugom dijelu napravljen je Ishikawa dijagram s ciljem rješavanja aktualnih uzroka problema kako bi se zadovoljili dogovoreni rokovi projekta te su za svaki od glavnih uzroka problema dani prijedlozi rješenja.The topic of this paper is the optimization of production processes using the Lean Six Sigma methodology. Through the first part of the paper, the theoretical background is given on the methodology itself, which has been imposed as an excellent approach for achieving operational excellence and production processes optimization. In the continuation of the paper, the tools of the Lean Six Sigma methodology that will be applied in the practical part of the work and which are an excellent step towards optimizing the production process are discussed in detail. After a thorough study of the relevant literature in the first part of the paper, the second part focuses on the practical application of the acquired knowledge with the aim of improving production processes. In the practical part, the production processes of electric vehicle battery packs are mapped and non-conformities that occur within the process are detected. After identifying the non-conformities, an analysis of potential causes was made, a presentation of solutions to these non-conformities and an approach to their prevention in the future. In the second part, an Ishikawa diagram was created with the aim of solving the current causes of the problem in order to meet the agreed project deadlines, also suggestions for solutions were provided for each of the main causes of the problems
Ex vivo ekspanzija i fenotipska karakterizacija mišjih primarnih T regulatornih stanica
No full textFoxp3+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a rare subset within the CD4+ T cell compartment, playing a vital role in immune system regulation. Because of their immunosuppressive ability, Tregs are an attractive potential new tool for treating autoimmune diseases and preventing graft rejection. Although the population of Treg cells is well-defined by the intracellular expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3), no defined surface marker distinguishes Tregs from other T cells, making reliable phenotypic characterization and isolation challenging. Furthermore, most isolation and expansion protocols are designed for human Tregs, representing a significant drawback since mice are important model organisms in the preclinical phase of drug development. A range of methodologies was employed. Treg cells were isolated from mouse spleens using immunomagnetic separation. Consequently, cells were activated and expanded for 15 days, using different ratios of Treg cells-to-activation beads in the presence of mouse interleukin-2 (mIL-2) cytokine. After the staining for viability, surface, and intracellular markers, the
phenotype of Tregs and other T cell subsets was analyzed using flow cytometry (FC). To investigate the transcriptional profiles of subpopulations within the Tregs samples, we performed the 10x Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). This study resulted in the successful establishment of isolation and expansion protocols for mouse Foxp3+ CD25+ Tregs, as well as comprehensive FC staining panels. The phenotype and transcriptome analysis revealed the heterogeneity of the Treg population already upon isolation from secondary lymphatic tissue. ScRNA-seq analysis provided a deeper insight into the Treg cells' transcriptome and revealed other important biomarkers for contaminants-free isolation and improved phenotypic characterization of Treg cells. The obtained results pave the way for developing innovative therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases, graft rejection and cancer, which hold a promise to greatly improve patients´quality of life.Foxp3+ CD25+ regulatorne T stanice (Tregs) rijetka su podskupina CD4+ T stanica, koje igraju vitalnu ulogu u regulaciji imunološkog sustava. Zbog svojih imunosupresivnih sposobnosti, Treg su zanimljive kao potencijalno novo sredstvo za liječenje autoimunih bolesti i sprječavanje odbacivanja presatka. Iako je populacija Treg stanica dobro definirana unutarstaničnom ekspresijom transkripcijskog faktora Foxp3, ne postoji definirani površinski marker koji bi razlikovao Tregs od ostalih T stanica, što pouzdanu fenotipsku karakterizaciju i izolaciju čini izazovnom. Nadalje, većina protokola izolacije i ekspanzije dizajnirana je za ljudske Treg stanice, što predstavlja značajan nedostatak jer su miševi važni modelni organizmi u pretkliničkoj fazi razvoja lijeka. Primijenjen je niz metodologija. Treg stanice izolirane su iz slezena miševa pomoću imunomagnetske separacije. Stanice su zatim aktivirane i ekspandirane tijekom 15 dana, korištenjem različitih omjera Treg stanica i aktivacijskih kuglica u prisutnosti interleukin-2 citokina. Nakon bojanja antitijelima za vijabilnost, površinske i unutarstanične markere, fenotip Treg stanica i drugih podskupova T stanica analiziran je protočnom citometrijom. Kako bismo istražili transkripcijske profile subpopulacija unutar Treg uzoraka, izvršili smo 10x Genomics single-cell RNA sekvenciranje (scRNAseq). Ova studija rezultirala je uspješnom uspostavom protokola izolacije i ekspanzije za mišje Foxp3+ CD25+ Tregs, kao i definiranim sveobuhvatnim panelima kombinacije antitijela za protočnu citometriju. Analiza fenotipa i transkriptoma otkrila je heterogenost Treg populacije već pri samoj izolaciji iz sekundarnog limfnog tkiva.
ScRNA-seq analiza pružila je dublji uvid u transkriptom Treg stanica i otkrila druge važne biomarkere za izolaciju bez kontaminanata i poboljšanu fenotipsku karakterizaciju Treg stanica. Dobiveni rezultati otvaraju put prema razvoju inovativnih pristupa liječenju za autoimune bolesti, odbacivanje presatka i rak, koji obećavaju značajno poboljšanje kvalitete života pacijenata