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EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY AND ANTIOXIDATIVE RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.)
No full textSoja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) predstavlja jednu od ekonomski najvažnijih usjeva u svijetu zbog njene hranidbene
vrijednosti. Kako bi se optimizirao prinos soje, koristi se široki spektar komercijalnih herbicida namijenjenih za
kontrolu korova u usjevima. Iako su korišteni herbicidi selektivni, i dalje mogu uzrokovati oksidacijski stres soje,
a da bi se održala homeostaza unutar biljke aktivira se antioksidacijski odgovor. U ovome radu cilj je bio istražiti
izazivaju li komercijalni herbicidi oksidacijski stres kod dvije sorte soje Ika i Zora te utvrditi kako ti herbicidi
utječu na protok energije po aktivnim reakcijskim središtima fotosustava II. Rezultati su pokazali različit odgovor
dviju sorti soje na tretman herbicidima tijekom razvoja. Obje istraživane sorte soje pokazale su da tretman
herbicidima nije doveo do oksidacijskog stresa, no pokazale su različite mehanizme prilagodbe tijekom razvoja.
Protok energije po aktivnim reakcijskim središtima fotosustava II te povezanost dijelova fotosustava II također je
pokazao različit odgovor Ike i Zore tijekom razvoja na tretman herbicidima koji su pokazali negativan utjecaj
ponajviše na transportni lanac elektrona kod obje sorte.Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most economically important crops in the world due to its nutritional
value. To optimize soybean yield, a wide range of commercial herbicides intended for weed control in crops are
used. Although used herbicides are selective, they can still cause oxidative stress to soybeans. To maintain
homeostasis within the plant, a response of the antioxidant system is activated. In this paper, the aim was to
investigate whether commercial herbicides cause oxidative stress in two soybean cultivars Ika and Zora and to
determine how these herbicides affect the energy fluxes through the active reaction centres of photosystem II. The
results showed a different response of the two soybean cultivars to herbicide treatment during development. Both
investigated soybean cultivars showed that herbicide treatment did not lead to oxidative stress. However, they
showed different adaptation mechanisms during development. The energy fluxes through the active reaction centres
of photosystem II and the connection within photosystem II also showed a different response of Ika and Zora to
herbicide treatment during development. A negative impact was observed mainly on the electron transport chain
in both varieties
SHORT-TERM CHANGES IN PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION OF THE RIVER DRAVA AND LAKE SAKADAŠ IN AUTUMN PERIOD
No full textPraćenje kratkoročnih promjena sastava fitoplanktona u jesenskom razdoblju provedeno je u Sakadaškom jezeru
(PP Kopački rit) i rijeci Dravi. U fitoplanktonu Sakadaškog jezera utvrđeno je 250, a u Dravi 211 svojti. Nizak
vodostaj i smanjeni protok vode rijeke Drave doveo je do slične zastupljenosti vrsta iz skupina Bacillariophyta i
Chlorophyta na oba lokaliteta. Brojnost i biomasa fitoplanktona bila je izrazito veća u Sakadaškom jezeru, u
odnosu na Dravu. U kvantitativnom sastavu fitoplanktona Sakadaškog jezera dominirala je skupina Chlorophyta
te Bacillariophyta prema kraju istraživanja, dok je u Dravi, osim dijatomeja, brojnošću prevladavala i skupina
Cryptophyta. U biomasi su na oba lokaliteta dominirale Bacillariophyta, uz iznimku kraćeg razdoblja povećanog
razvoja svojti skupine Cyanobacteria u Dravi. Zastupljenost vrsta, brojnost jedinki i biomasa fitoplanktona bili
su uvjetovani hidrološkim karakteristikama istraživanih vodenih biotopa.The study of short-term changes in phytoplankton composition in the autumn period was conducted in Lake
Sakadaš (Kopački rit Nature Park) and river Drava. 250 taxa were determined in Lake Sakadaš and 211 taxa in
river Drava. Low water level and reduced water flow caused similar species composition belonging to
Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta groups at both localities. Phytoplankton abundance and biomass were greater in
Lake Sakadaš, compared to river Drava. Chlorophytes dominated in quantitative phytoplankton composition of
Lake Sakadaš, along with Bacillariophyta group towards the end of the study. Along with diatoms, cryptophytes
also had high abundance in the river Drava. Bacillariophyta group dominated in total biomass at both localities,
except for a short period of increased development of cyanobacteria in the river Drava. Species composition,
phytoplankton abundance and biomass were conditioned by hydrological characteristics of investigated aquatic
biotopes
Synthesis and biological activity of N-substituted benzoxazole
No full textU ovom radu opisana je sinteza novih derivata 2-benzoksazolinona u svrhu ispitivanja njihove biološke aktivnosti. Reakcijom nukleofilne supstitucije 5-supstituiranih 2-aminofenola i
1,1`-karbonildiimidazolom u tetrahidrofuranu pripravljeni su 5-supstituirani benzo[d]oksazol-2-oni (1a–c). 5-supstituirani N-propargilbenzo[d]oksazol-2-oni (2a–c) priređeni su reakcijom propargiliranja 5-supstituiranih benzo[d]oksazol-2-ona (1a–c) s propargil-bromidom u acetonu uz prisustvo kalijeva karbonata kao baze. Različito supstituirani 1-azidobenzeni (3a–e) potrebni za klik reakciju sintetizirani su reakcijom odgovarajućih supstituiranih anilina s natrijevim azidom u vodenoj otopini natrijeva nitrita. Huisgenovom 1,3-dipolarnom cikloadicijom kataliziranom bakrom N-propargiliranih benzoksazolona (2a–c) i odgovarajućih azidobenzena (3a–e) dobiveni su ciljani derivati benzoksazolinona supstituirani 1,2,3-triazolnim prstenom (4a–8c). Strukture sintetiziranih spojeva potvrđene su spektroskopijom 1H- i 13C-NMR.This paper describes the synthesis of new 2-benzoxazolinone derivatives with the aim of evaluating their biological activity. 5-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-2-ones (1a–c) were obtained by nucleophylic reaction of 5-substituted 2-aminophenols with 1,1`-carbonyldiimidazole in the tetrahydrofuran. 5-substituted N-propargylbenzo[d]oxazol-2-ones (2a–c) were prepared by the propargylation reaction of 5-substituted benzo[d]oxazol-2-ones (1a–c) with propargyl bromide in the acetone and in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base. Differently substituted 1-azidobenzenes (3a–e) were synthesized using corresponding substituted anilines with sodium azide in an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite. Finally, targeted benzoxazolinone derivatives substituted with 1,2,3-triazole ring (4a–8c) were prepared by copper catalyzed Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-propargylated benzoxazolones (2a–c) and corresponding azidobenzenes (3a–e). The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy
Contagion effect between fiat currency and cryptocurrency
No full textOvaj rad istražuje fenomen financijske zaraze, definirane kao povećanje povezanosti među tržištima nakon financijskog šoka, s fokusom na odnose između kriptovaluta i fiat valuta. S obzirom na globalnu povezanost ekonomija, razumijevanje širenja zaraze i njezinog utjecaja na financijsku stabilnost postaje sve važnije. Kriptovalute, kao novi financijski instrumenti, mogu značajno utjecati na globalne financijske tokove, čime istraživanje njihove povezanosti s fiat valutama postaje važnije. Iako se kriptovalute smatraju rizičnim investicijama, njihova uloga kao zaštitne imovine, diversifikatora ili sigurnog utočišta može varirati ovisno o tržišnim uvjetima.
Istraživanje se temelji na dnevnim podacima o cijenama Bitcoina i Ethereuma te indeksa fiat valuta USD-a, EUR-a i GBP-a u razdoblju od 2.1.2019. do 3.1.2023., s naglaskom na promjene prije i nakon početka pandemije COVID-19. Korištenjem DCC-MGARCH modela analizirane su dinamičke uvjetne korelacije dnevnih prinosa, dok je Kolmogorov-Smirnov test korišten za ispitivanje prisutnosti zaraze.
Rezultati su pokazali da su Bitcoin i Ethereum prije pandemije imali slabu negativnu korelaciju s USD-om, djelujući kao zaštita, dok su tijekom pandemije postali sigurnija utočišta. Prema EUR-u, korelacija je ostala blizu nule, što ih također pozicionira kao zaštitu. U odnosu na GBP, pokazali su slabe pozitivne korelacije, čineći ih diverzifikatorima.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov testovi su otkrili su dominaciju kriznog razdoblja nad pretkriznim za parove EUR-ETH, GBP-BTC i GBP-ETH, što ukazuje na prisutnost zaraze između ovih valuta. GBP-BTC je pokazao najizraženiju zarazu, dok su EUR-ETH i GBP-ETH imali manje izražene razlike u distribucijama, sugerirajući blagu zarazu. Suprotno tome, za parove USD-BTC, USD-ETH i EUR-BTC nije pronađena zaraza.This paper explores the phenomenon of financial contagion, defined as the increased interconnectedness among markets following a financial shock, with a focus on the relationships between cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies. Given the global interconnectedness of economies, understanding the spread of contagion and its impact on financial stability is becoming increasingly important. Cryptocurrencies, as new financial instruments, can significantly influence global financial flows, making the study of their connection with fiat currencies more crucial.
The research is based on daily price data of Bitcoin and Ethereum, as well as fiat currency indices USD, EUR, and GBP, from January 2, 2019, to January 3, 2023, with an emphasis on changes before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the DCC-MGARCH model, dynamic conditional correlations of daily returns were analyzed, while the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine the presence of contagion.
The results showed that before the pandemic, Bitcoin and Ethereum had a weak negative correlation with USD, acting as a hedge, while during the pandemic, they became safer havens. Against EUR, the correlation remained close to zero, also positioning them as a hedge. In relation to GBP, they exhibited weak positive correlations, making them diversifiers.
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests revealed the dominance of the crisis period over the pre-crisis period for the pairs EUR-ETH, GBP-BTC, and GBP-ETH, indicating the presence of contagion. GBP-BTC showed the most pronounced contagion, while EUR-ETH and GBP-ETH had less pronounced distribution differences, suggesting mild contagion. Conversely, no contagion was found for the pairs USD-BTC, USD-ETH, and EUR-BTC
Feline Adrenal Diseases
No full textUzroci poremećaja nadbubrežne žlijezde mačaka mogu biti primarni, sekundarni i
tercijarni, a očituju se hipo- ili hiperfunkcijom žlijezde. Primarni uzroci odnose se na različita
patološka stanja samog nadbubrega poput tumora ili direktnog oštećenja kore ili srži.
Sekundarni uzroci se javljaju posljedično poremećaju funkcije hipofize, a tercijarni
posljedično poremećaju funkcije hipotalamusa. Simptomi većine ovih bolesti su uglavnom
vrlo nespecifični te mogu upućivati na bolesti nekog drugog organskog sustava ili poremećaja
neke druge endokrine žlijezde pri čemu je dodatno otežavajuća činjenica da mačke kao
pacijenti, nimalo nisu slične psima, što ponekad rezultira propustom od strane vlasnika i/ili
veterinara. Hiperadrenokorticizam (Cushing-ov sindrom) i hiperaldosteronizam (Conn-ov
sindrom) u mačaka su bolesti adrena koje su nažalost često zapostavljene, a ponekad i
potpuno izostavljene s liste diferencijalnih dijagnoza zbog širokog spektra različitih
simptoma koji kliničara mogu zavarati i pogrešno usmjeriti. Upravo zbog navedenog, u
mačaka često izostaje konačna dijagnoza bolesti nadbubrežne žlijezde, no uslijed razvoja i
napretka dijagnostičkih metoda ove bolesti ipak bivaju sve češće potvrđene.The causes of cat adrenal gland disorders can be primary, secondary and tertiary, and are
manifested by hypo- or hyperfunction of the gland. The primary causes relate to various
pathological conditions of the adrenal gland itself, such as tumors or direct damage to the
cortex or marrow. Secondary and tertiary causes occur because of hypothalamus
dysfunction. The symptoms of these diseases are generally non-specific and may point to
diseases of another organ system or disorders of another endocrine gland, where the fact that
cats as patients are not at all like dogs is even more difficult, which sometimes results in an
oversight by the owner and/or veterinarian. Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome) and
hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) in cats are adrenal diseases that are unfortunately
often neglected, and sometimes completely absent from the list of differentials due to a wide
range of different symptoms that can mislead the clinician. Precisely because of the above
mentioned, a final diagnosis of adrenal gland disease is often missing in cats, still due to the
development and progress of diagnostic methods, these diseases are being confirmed
increasingly often
Spectral profiles of unifloral types of honey from the Republic of Croatia
No full textBudući da med potječe od različitih biljnih vrsta, složen je proizvod raznolikog sastava. Stoga su klasične analitičke metode za određivanje botaničkog podrijetla meda zahtjevne te se u tu svrhu sve više primjenjuju i instrumentalne analitičke metode od kojih se posebno ističe infracrvena (IR) spektroskopija. Cilj je ovog rada bio utvrditi specifične spektralne profile uniflornih vrsta meda s područja Republike Hrvatske te izraditi zbirku IR spektara istih temeljem njihovih karakterističnih apsorpcijskih vrpci. Uz navedeno, cilj je istraživanja bio utvrditi korelaciju između spektralnih podataka i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara meda (udio vode, električna provodnost i pH vrijednost). Prikupljeno je ukupno 226 uzoraka meda s područja 6 županija RH koji su obuhvaćali 23 vrste uniflornog meda. Analiza fizikalno kemijskih parametara provedena je klasičnim analitičkim metodama. IR spektri meda su snimljeni FTIR- spektroskopijom s ATR tehnikom snimanja spektara. Rezultati su pokazali kako su fizikalno- kemijski parametri svih analiziranih uzoraka meda u skladu s međunarodno propisanim kriterijima. FTIR-ATR spektri analiziranih uzoraka meda pokazali su slične integralne spektralne značajke karakterističan za med, ali su se temeljem sličnosti apsorpcijskih vrpci fruktoze, glukoze i saharoze istaknula tri karakteristična spektralna profila. Jednostavnom linearnom regresijom nije utvrđena korelacija između fizikalno-kemijskih parametara i spektralnih podataka što ukazuje na potrebu primjene kemometrijskog modeliranja s ciljem utvrđivanja njihove korelacijske povezanosti.Since honey originates from different plant species, it is a complex product with a diverse composition. Therefore, classical analytical methods for determining the botanical origin of honey are complex, and instrumental analytical methods are increasingly being used for this purpose, of which infrared (IR) spectroscopy stands out. The aim of this study was to determine the specific spectral profiles of unifloral types of honey from the Republic of Croatia and to create a collection of IR spectra based on their characteristic absorption bands. In addition to the above, the aim of this research was to determine the correlation between the spectral data and physicochemical parameters of honey (water content, electrical conductivity and pH value). In total 226 honey samples were collected from 6 counties of the Republic of Croatia, including 23 types of unifloral honey types. Physiochemical analyses were carried out using classical analytical methods. Honey IR spectra were recorded using the FTIR spectroscopy coupled with ATR recording technique. Results have revealed that the physiochemical properties of analysed honey samples were in accordance with internationally prescribed criteria. FTIR-ATR spectra of analysed honey samples showed similar integral spectral features characteristic for honey, but based on the similarity of the absorption bands of fructose, glucose and sucrose, three characteristic spectral profiles were determined. Simple linear regression did not show a correlation between the physicochemical parameters and spectral data which indicates a need to apply chemometric modeling aiming to determine their correlation
Association of lifestyle habits and knowledge with the prevention of microvascular and macrovascualr complications in patients with diabetes mellitus: Cross-sectional study
No full textUVOD: Šećerna bolest (diabetes mellitus) kronična je bolest koja može dovesti do ozbiljnih mikrovaskularnih i makrovaskularnih komplikacija. Ključnu ulogu u prevenciji ovih komplikacija imaju zdrave životne navike, uključujući pravilnu prehranu, tjelesnu aktivnost i higijenu, kao i adekvatna edukacija pacijenata. Medicinsko osoblje, posebice liječnici i medicinske sestre, ima važnu ulogu u pružanju točnih i pouzdanih informacija pacijentima kako bi ih motivirali na pravilnu brigu o vlastitom zdravlju. Kvalitetna edukacija pacijenata može značajno smanjiti rizik od komplikacija i poboljšati njihovu kvalitetu života.
CILJ: Glavni cilj ove studije je utvrditi povezanost između životnih navika i znanja o šećernoj bolesti s učestalosti pojave mikravosakularnih i makrovaskularnih komplikacija kod oboljelih od šećerne bolesti.
ISPITANICI I METODE: Ova presječna studija provedena je u KBC-u Split kako bi se ispitala povezanost životnih navika i znanja pacijenata sa šećernom bolešću u prevenciji vaskularnih komplikacija. Podaci su prikupljeni anonimnim anketama tijekom hospitalizacije ili pregleda, koristeći upitnike o demografiji, tjelesnoj aktivnosti, prehrani, znanju o bolesti i kvaliteti života. Studiju je odobrilo Etičko povjerenstvo KBC-a Split, a sudjelovanje ispitanika bilo je dobrovoljno i anonimno.
REZULTATI: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 216 ispitanika, pri čemu su osobe s komplikacijama bile statistički značajno starije (p = 0,004), u mirovini (p = 0,011), živjele na otoku (p = 0,034) i imale drugu kroničnu bolest (p = 0,003). Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u pridržavanju mediteranske prehrane (p = 0,289). Nije uočena povezanost između komplikacija i pušenja (p = 0,180), konzumacije alkohola (p = 0,414) ili tjelesne aktivnosti (p = 0,213), ali je granična značajnost uočena za vrijeme provedeno sjedeći (5,0 ± 2,7 vs. 4,3 ± 2,7 sati dnevno, p = 0,051). Ispitanici bez komplikacija imali su bolje znanje o prehrani (prosječan broj točnih odgovora 4,3 ± 1,5 vs. 3,9 ± 1,6, p = 0,049), dok su ispitanici s komplikacijama bolje prepoznali oštećenja koja nisu povezana sa šećernom bolesti (94,9% vs. 85,7%, p = 0,041).
ZAKLJUČAK: Rezultati provedene studije ističu značaj kontinuirane edukacije pacijenata sa šećernom bolesti, s naglaskom na prehranu, tjelesnu aktivnost i identifikaciju rizičnih čimbenika za moguće komplikacije. Edukacijama bi se osiguralo dugotrajno održavanje i poboljšanje znanja, što bi pomoglo u smanjenju rizika od komplikacija i unapređenju kvalitete života oboljelih.INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that can lead to serious microvascular and macrovascular complications. Healthy lifestyle habits, including proper nutrition, physical activity, and hygiene, as well as adequate patient education, play a key role in preventing these complications. Healthcare professionals, particularly doctors and nurses, have an important role in providing accurate and reliable information to patients to motivate them to take proper care of their health. Quality patient education can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve their quality of life.
AIM: The main objective of this study is to determine the association between lifestyle habits and knowledge about diabetes with the frequency of microvascular and macrovascular complications in individuals with diabetes.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital Centre Split to examine the relationship between patients' lifestyle habits and knowledge about diabetes in the prevention of vascular complications. Data were collected through anonymous surveys during hospitalization or medical examinations, using questionnaires on demographics, physical activity, diet, knowledge about the disease, and quality of life. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Centre Split, and participants took part voluntarily and anonymously.
RESULTS: The study included 216 participants, with individuals experiencing complications being significantly older (p = 0.004), more often retired (p = 0.011), living on an island (p = 0.034), and having another chronic disease (p = 0.003). No significant differences were found in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p = 0.289). There was no observed association between complications and smoking (p = 0.180), alcohol consumption (p = 0.414), or physical activity (p = 0.213), but a borderline significance was noted for time spent sitting (5.0 ± 2.7 vs. 4.3 ± 2.7 hours per day, p = 0.051). Participants without complications had better knowledge about nutrition (average number of correct answers 4.3 ± 1.5 vs. 3.9 ± 1.6, p = 0.049), whereas participants with complications were more likely to recognize conditions unrelated to diabetes (94.9% vs. 85.7%, p = 0.041).
CONCLUSION: The study's results highlight the importance of continuing education for patients with diabetes, emphasising nutrition and physical activity, and identifying risk factors for possible complications. Education would ensure long-term maintenance and improvement of knowledge, which would help reduce the risk of complications and improve patient's quality of life
The linguistic and didactic role of the picture book in mediating religious content
No full textJezik i jezična sposobnost čovjeka čine razliku između njega i svih drugih živih bića na Zemlji. Jezik je apstraktan sustav znakova kojemu je svrha sporazumijevanje ljudi. Kroz jezik dijete upoznaje svijet, razvija cjelokupnu ličnost te izražava svoje misli, osjećaje i želje. Djeca imaju urođenu želju i potrebu komunicirati. U ranoj dobi nisu im potrebne upute niti pomagala kako bi počeli govoriti materinskim jezikom, već samo blizina roditelja ili druge bliske osobe koja će mu služiti kao govorni model. Također, razvoju jezične sposobnosti doprinosi čitanje slikovnice. Ona predstavlja prvi susret djeteta s književnošću i pisanom riječju pa je radi toga nužno voditi brigu o kvaliteti onoga što se djetetu nudi. Dijete je zapravo svrha postojanja slikovnice. Njemu je potrebna slikovnica koja će pratiti njegov razvoj, biti u skladu s potrebama i iskustvom te ona koja će moći odgovoriti na njegove interese.
Ideja izrade slikovnice, koja će djelomično biti prikazana u posljednjem poglavlju ovoga rada, javila se tijekom animiranja djece u župnoj zajednici. Uvidjevši da djeca nemaju gdje i kako usvajati ponašanje za vrijeme svete mise, utvrđena je potreba njena nastanka. Slikovnica ima dvostruku ulogu; približiti djeci ono što se događa za vrijeme svete mise te pružiti potporu roditeljima koji sami ne znaju kako bi djetetu pomogli uvidjeti ljepotu toga sakramenta. Želja za nastankom slikovnice dugo je sazrijevala. Taj izazov prihvatila je draga ilustratorica Tea i poštovana mentorica, prof. Aladrović Slovaček. Obje su uložile svoje vrijeme i trud kako bi ta slikovnica bila dovršena. U zadnjem poglavlju teorijskoga dijela iznesen je postupak i detaljan opis izrade slikovnice.The language and linguistic ability of man make the difference between him and all other living beings on Earth. Language is an abstract system of signs whose purpose is to communicate between people. Through language, the child gets to know the world, develops his whole personality and expresses his thoughts, feelings and wishes. Children have an innate desire and need to communicate. At an early age, they do not need instructions or help to start speaking their mother tongue, but only the proximity of their parents or another close person who will serve as a speech model. Also, reading a picture book contributes to the development of language skills. It represents the child's first encounter with literature and the written word, so it is necessary to take care of the quality of what is offered to the child. The child is actually the purpose of the existence of the picture book. He needs a picture book that will follow his development, be in line with his needs and experience, and one that will be able to respond to his interests.
The idea of creating a picture book, which will be partially presented in the last chapter of this paper, came about during the animation of children in the parish community. Seeing that children have no place and no way to adopt behavior during Holy Mass, the need for its creation was established. The picture book has a double role; bring children closer to what happens during Holy Mass and provide support to parents who do not know how to help their child see the beauty of that sacrament. The desire to create a picture book took a long time to mature. That challenge was accepted by dear illustrator Tea and respected mentor, prof. Aladrovi Slovaček. Both invested their time and effort in order to complete this picture book. In the last chapter of the theoretical part, the procedure and detailed description of the creation of the picture book is presented
Adaptation and a study of Learning to BREATHE mindfulness for students program effectiveness
No full textTijekom posljednja dva desetljeća u svijetu je došlo do povećanja broja istraživanja u području prakse usredotočene svjesnosti (eng. mindfulness) te intenzivnijeg kreiranja i provedbe programa namijenjenih adolescentima koji se temelje na metodama i tehnikama mindfulness prakse. Američki Learning to BREATHE program jedan je od često implementiranih mindfulness programa namijenjenih adolescentima. Sudionici spomenutog programa pokazuju niže razine percipiranog stresa i psihosomatskih pritužbi, više razine učinkovitosti u afektivnoj regulaciji te pozitivan učinak na regulaciju emocija, uključujući emocionalnu svijest, jasnoću i pristup strategijama regulacije nakon sudjelovanja u programu (Broderick i Metz, 2011; Metz, 2013). Svrha ovoga diplomskog rada je pružiti prikaz procesa adaptacije i implementacije Learning to BREATHE programa u Republici Hrvatskoj na populaciji studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Ciljevi rada bili su opisati proces adaptacije 6-tjednog Learning to BREATHE programa, provesti pilot studiju učinka provedenog programa, ispitati percepciju prikladnosti i kvalitete programa od strane polaznika te kreirati smjernice za unapređenje programa u hrvatskom kontekstu. Detaljni opis koraka koji su poduzeti kako bi se program prilagodio kulturnim, jezičnim i kontekstualnim specifičnostima populacije hrvatskih studenata obuhvaćeni su ovim radom. U istraživanju prikladnosti i pilot studiji učinka programa „Valovi uma“ korištena je kvantitativna (N=9) i kvalitativna (N=3) metodologija. Provedeno je pilot online istraživanje prije i nakon provedbe programa kako bi se procijenili učinci programa. Prikazane su razlike u mentalnoj dobrobiti, ruminaciji, samoregulaciji, stresu, depresivnosti, anksioznosti, samosuosjećanju, pozitivnom i negativnom afektu te suočavanju sa stresom kod studenata koji su sudjelovali u programu. Dodatno, nakon sudjelovanja u programu, provedena su i tri intervjua, što je omogućilo dublje razumijevanje programa i pružilo uvid u iskustva sudionika. Doprinos ovog rada ogleda se u potencijalnoj primjeni znanstveno utemeljenih i na dokazima utemeljenih mindfulness intervencija s populacijom hrvatskih studenata.Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in research worldwide in the field of mindfulness-based practices and the more intensive creation and implementation of programs aimed at adolescents based on methods and techniques of mindfulness practice. The American Learning to BREATHE program is one of the frequently implemented mindfulness programs for adolescents. Participants in this program demonstrate lower levels of perceived stress and psychosomatic complaints, higher levels of effectiveness in affective regulation, and a positive impact on emotion regulation, including emotional awareness, clarity, and access to regulation strategies after participating in the program (Broderick & Metz, 2011; Metz, 2013). The purpose of this master's thesis is to provide an overview of the adaptation and implementation process of the Learning to BREATHE program in the Republic of Croatia among the student population of the University of Zagreb. The objectives of the study were to describe the process of adapting the 6-week Learning to BREATHE program, conduct a pilot study on the program's effects, examine participants' perceptions of program suitability and quality, and create guidelines for program improvement in the Croatian context. A detailed description of the steps taken to adapt the program to the cultural, linguistic, and contextual specificities of the Croatian student population is covered in this work. Quantitative (N=9) and qualitative (N=3) methodology was used in the suitability assessment and pilot study of program effects. A pilot online survey was conducted before and after program implementation to assess its effects. Differences in mental well-being, rumination, self-regulation, stress, depression, anxiety, self-compassion, positive and negative affect, and stress coping among students who participated in the program were presented. Additionally, three interviews were conducted after participation in the program, allowing for a deeper understanding of the program and insight into participants' experiences. The contribution of this work lies in the potential application of scientifically and evidence-based mindfulness interventions with the population of Croatian students
Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 quantum dots
No full textU ovom radu istraživana je priprava SnO2 kvantnih točaka hidrolizom i oksidacijom SnCl2·2H2O u vodenoj otopini u prisutnosti tioureje kao akceleratora reakcije. Završetkom sinteze nastala suspenzija SnO2 je centrifugirana te se istaloženi i osušeni produkt
(SnO2 prah) analizirao različitim metodama. Neke od metoda analize korištene u ovom radu jesu rendgenska difrakcija na prahu (PXRD), energijski razlučujuća rendgenska spektroskopija (EDS), pretražna elektronska mikroskopija (SEM), mikroskopija atomskih sila (AFM) i UV – Vis difuzna refleksijska spektrometrija (DRS). Dispergiranjem SnO2 praha u sintetičkom baznom ulju pripravljena je suspenzija za analizu pomoću dinamičkog raspršenja svjetlosti (DLS), a dispergiranjem SnO2 praha u vodi suspenzija za fluorescencijsku spektroskopiju. Provedenim analizama dobiveni su podaci o veličini kristalita, čestica te morfologiji i drugim svojstvima dobivenog produkta. Ovisno o metodi i uvjetima sinteze utvrđeno je da veličina pripravljenih kvantnih točaka SnO2 iznosi 2-5 nm.In this work the preparation of SnO2 quantum dots was investigated. The synthesis path through hydrolysis and oxidation of SnCl2 x 2H2O in an aqueous solution in the presence of thiourea as a reaction accelerator is utilized. Upon the completion of synthesis, the resulting SnO2 suspension was centrifuged and dried. The precipitated product (SnO2 powder) was analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). By dispersing the SnO2 powder in a synthetic base oil, a suspension was prepared for analysis using dynamic light scattering (DLS), while dispersing the SnO2 powder in water resulted in a suspension for fluorescence spectroscopy. Through these analyses, crystallite and particle size, as well as morphology and other properties of the obtained product was determined. The size of the SnO2 quantum dots was determined to be in the range of 2-5 nm, depending on the method and various synthesis conditions used