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Comparison of Several Post-production Processes - from Pre-production to Premiere
No full textOvaj rad opisuje razne postprodukcijske procese na različitim projektima od faze predprodukcije do završavanja projekta. Rad se oslanja na analize tri profesionalna projekta - dugometražni igrani film Illyricvm, dugometražni dokumentarni film Vitić pleše i kratkometražni eksperimentalni film Bol.This paper describes the various post-production processes on different projects from the pre-production stage to the completion of the project. The work is based on the analysis of three professional projects - the feature film Illyricvm, the documentary film Vitić Dances and the short experimental film Pain
Influence of methacrylate polymer additives synthesized in biofuel on the low-temperature properties of diesel fuel
No full textS obzirom na sve veće zahtjeve za poboljšanjem performansi dizelskog goriva, osobito u hladnim uvjetima rada, istraživanje i razvoj inovativnih aditiva za poboljšanje niskotemperaturnih svojstava ključan su aspekt razvoja moderne energetske industrije.
Ovaj rad istražuje utjecaj metakrilatnih polimernih aditiva sintetiziranih u biogorivu na niskotemperaturna svojstva dizelskog goriva. Metakrilatni polimeri, pokazali su se kao učinkovita rješenja zbog svojih kemijskih svojstava koja omogućuju stabilizaciju i poboljšanje fluidnosti goriva pri niskim temperaturama. Metakrilatni aditivi, sintetizirani u biogorivima, ne samo da poboljšavaju operativne karakteristike dizelskog goriva, već i pridonose održivosti smanjenjem potrebe za fosilnim resursima. Istraživanje uključuje sintezu ukupno šest metakrilatnih aditiva, na osnovi benzil metakrilata uz oktadecil, dodecil te 2-(tert-butilamino) etil metakrilata. Cilj rada bio je sintetizirani polimerne aditive u svrhu poboljšanja niskotemperaturnih svojstava. Polimerni aditivi su sintetizirani u biodizelu kao biootapalu, a rad istražuje i utjecaj različitih prosjeka molekulskih masa na niskotemperaturna svojstva. Upoređivana je i sinteza s komercijalnom reakcijom u toluenu. Polimeri su sintetizirani radikalskom polimerizacijom u otopini toluena uz Peroxan PO 70 kao inicijator te uz n-dodecil merkaptan kao prijenosnik lanca. Sintetiziranim polimerima potvrđena je struktura pomoću 1H nuklearne magnetske rezonancije. Kromatografijom na propusnom gelu određen je prosjek molekulskih masa polimernih aditiva. Nadalje, formulacijama dizelskog goriva s aditivima određena je i gustoća i viskoznost. Toplinska svojstva, odnosno temperatura kristalizacije i promjena entalpije kristalizacije aditiva te formulacija aditiva s dizelskim gorivom ispitana su metodom diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije. Provedeno je mjerenje temperatura tecišta smjesa aditiviranog dizelskog goriva, a praćen je i utjecaj aditiva na morfologiju i veličinu kristala n-parafina pomoću mikroskopa s polarizacijom dok se smjesa hladila postoljem s hlađenjem.In response to the increasing demands for enhancing the performance of diesel fuels, particularly under cold operating conditions, exploring innovative additives to improve low-temperature properties has become a crucial aspect of modern energy industry development. This study focuses on the impact of metacrylate-based polymer additives synthesized in biodiesel on the low-temperature properties of diesel fuel. Metacrylate polymers are effective solutions due to their chemical properties that facilitate the stabilization and improvement of fuel fluidity at low temperatures. Metacrylate additives, synthesized in biodiesel, not only enhance the operational characteristics of diesel fuel but also contribute to sustainability by reducing the reliance on fossil resources. The research involves the synthesis of a total of six methacrylate additives based on benzyl methacrylate, along with octadecyl, dodecyl, and 2-(tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate. The aim of the study was to synthesize polymer additives for the purpose of improving low-temperature properties. Polymeric additives were synthesized in biodiesel as a biosolvent, and the work also investigates the influence of different distribution of molecular masses on low-temperature properties. The synthesis was also compared with a commercial reaction in toluene. The polymers were synthesized by radical polymerization in a toluene solution using Peroxan PO 70 as the initiator and N-dodecyl mercaptan Š-18DTND719 as the chain transfer agent. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed using 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight range of the polymer additives. Additionally, the density and viscosity of the diesel fuel formulations with additives were also measured. The thermal properties, specifically the crystallization temperature and the change in crystallization enthalpy of the additives and their formulations with diesel fuel, were examined using differential scanning calorimetry.
The pour point temperatures of the diesel fuel mixtures with additives were measured, and the effect of the additives on the morphology and size of n-paraffin crystals was monitored using a polarized light microscope while the mixture was cooled by a cooling stage
Preparation of meso-(N, N-diethylaminophenyl)porphyrins and their N-oxidation
No full textFotodinamička terapija (PDT) je inovativni tretman koji selektivno cilja maligne stanice uz minimalnu štetu zdravom tkivu, čineći je učinkovitom za tumore i određene kožne bolesti. Postupak uključuje akumulaciju fotosenzibilizatora (PS) u tumorskom tkivu, osvjetljavanje zahvaćenog područja određenom valnom duljinom što rezultira stvaranjem reaktivnih kisikovih spojeva (ROS). Iako općenito neučinkovita protiv metastaza, PDT se može kombinirati s drugim terapijama kao što su kemoterapija ili radioterapija kako bi se poboljšala njezina učinkovitost i prevladali njeni nedostaci. Za učinkovitu terapiju ključno je odabrati optimalan fotosenzibilizator koji je dobro topiv u vodenim otopinama, netoksičan u mraku, učinkovito apsorbira u vidljivom dijelu spektra te učinkovito proizvodi singletni kisik i drugih ROS. Vrlo je bitan optimalan omjer lipofilnih i hidrofilnih dijelova u strukturi fotosenzibilizatora kako bi se olakšala akumulacija u tumorskim stanicama, što se postiže modifikacijama početnih struktura fotosenzibilizatora.
Simetrični meso-tetra-(4-dietilaminofenil)porfirin i njegovi asimetrični derivati u kombinaciji s 4-acetamidofenilnim supstituentima uspješno su izolirani za upotrebu kao fotosenzibilizatori u PDT-u. Sve nove strukture i njihova čistoća potvrđeni su 1H i 13C NMR spektroskopijom. Spojevi su pokazali apsorpciju u crvenom dijelu spektra, izuzetnu fotostabilnost i učinkovitu proizvodnju singletnog kisika, osobito 5-[4-(N-acetamido)fenil]-10,15,20-tri(4-(N,N-dietilamino)fenil)porfirin(A3B). Fototoksičnost sintetiziranih PS-ova ispitivana je MTT testom uz osvjetljavanje crvenim svjetlom (λ = 643 nm, 2 mW/cm2) na dvije tumorske stanične linije, MDA-MB 231 i HeLa, te na HFF kao normalnoj staničnoj liniji. Simetrični 5,10,15,20-tetra(N,N-dietil-4-aminofenil)porfirin (A4) zbog slabe topljivosti nije pokazao citotoksičan učinak, dok A3B, unatoč najefikasnijoj generaciji singletnog kisika, pokazao je smanjenu citotoksičnost u usporedbi sa 5,15-di[4-(N-acetamido)fenil]-10,20-di(4-(N,N-dietilamino)fenil)porfirin (trans-A2B2) i 5,10-di[4-(N-acetamido) fenil]-15,20-di(4-(N,N-dietilamino)fenil)porfirin (cis-A2B2) koji su pokazali najjaču citotoksičnost, ali ne i selektivnost prema tumorskim stanicama. Potrebne su daljnje modifikacije struktura dobivenih porfirina kako bi se poboljšala svojstva i postigli učinkovitiji fotosenzibilizatori.Summary
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment that selectively targets malignant cells while causing as little damage as possible to healthy tissue and it is, therefore, effective for tumors and certain skin diseases. The process involves the accumulation of photosensitizer (PS) in the tumor tissue, the illumination of the affected area with a specific wavelength and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although PDT is generally ineffective against metastases, it can be combined with other therapies such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy to increase its effectiveness and overcome its limitations. For effective therapy, it is crucial to select an optimal PS that is highly soluble in aqueous solutions, non-toxic in the dark, has effective absorption in the visible spectrum, and efficiently generates singlet oxygen and ROS. The optimal ratio of lipophilic and hydrophilic parts in the structure of the PS is crucial for accumulation in tumor cells, which is achieved by various modifications of the original PS structure.
Symmetric meso-tetra-(4-diethylaminophenyl)porphyrin and its asymmetric derivatives with 4-acetamidophenyl substituents were successfully isolated for use as PSs in PDT. All new structures and their purity were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. They showed absorption in the red region of the spectrum, exceptional photostability and effective singlet oxygen production, especially the 5-[4-(N-acetamido)phenyl]-10,15,20-tri(4-(N,N-diethylamino) phenyl)porphyrin (A3B). The phototoxicity of the PSs was investigated using red light and MTT assay (λ = 643 nm, 2 mW/cm2) on two tumor cell lines, MDA-MB 231 and HeLa, and HFF as a normal cell line. Symmetric 5,10,15,20-tetra(N,N-diethyl-4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (A4) showed no cytotoxic effect due to its poor solubility, while A3B showed no cytotoxic effect despite its highly efficient production of singlet oxygen, in contrast to 5,15-di[4-(N-acetamido)phenyl]-10,20-di(4-(N,N-diethylamino)phenyl)porphyrin (trans-A2B2) and 5,10-di[4-(N-acetamido)phenyl]-15,20-di(4-(N,N-diethylamino) phenyl)porphyrin (cis-A2B2)which showed cytotoxic effects but no selectivity towards tumor cells. Further modifications of the obtained porphyrin structures are required to improve their properties and to develop more effective photosensitizers
Water-to-water heat pump project for heating and cooling of scientific and educational institution
No full textRad se zasniva na stvarnom projektu za objekt u Zagrebu. Za potrebe grijanja i hlađenja znanstveno-obrazovne ustanove korisne površine 10400 m2 projektiran je energetski učinkovit sustav s dizalicom topline podzemna voda-voda. Toplinski izvor/ ponor je voda iz podzemnog bunara. Predviđen je temperaturni režim 45/40 °C za grijanje, te 7/12 °C za hlađenje, a u prijelaznom periodu prostori se hlade pasivno podzemnom vodom. U radu je dan pregled projektnog toplinskog opterećenja prema HRN EN 12831 i projektnog rashladnog opterećenja prema VDI 2078. Proračunata je godišnja potrebna energija za grijanje i godišnja potrebna energija za hlađenje prema HRN EN 13790. Prikazana je shema predviđenog sustava te je napravljen proračun i izbor komponenti koje uključuju protočne crpke, međuizmjenjivač, isparivač i kondenzator dizalice topline i akumulacijski spremnik. Završno je opisana mogućnost pasivnog hlađenja, regulacija sustava, te su dani zaključci i prijedlozi daljnjih razmatranja.The thesis is based on a real project for building in Zagreb. An energy efficient heating and cooling system with groundwater to water heat pump has been designed for the purpose of heating and cooling a scientific and educational institution with a net usable area of 10400 m2. The heat source/sink is water from an underground well. A temperature regime of 45/40 °C is designated for heating and 7/12 °C for cooling, while during transitional periods, the spaces are passively cooled using groundwater. The paper provides an overview of the design heating load according to HRN EN 12831 and the design cooling load according to VDI 2078. The annual energy demand for heating and cooling is calculated according to HRN EN 13790. A schematic of the proposed system is presented, accompanied by calculations and component selection, including flow pumps, a heat exchanger, the evaporator and condenser of the heat pump, and a buffer tank. Finally, the possibility of passive cooling and system regulation is described, along with conclusions and suggestions for future considerations
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the going concern of selected small and medium companies in Croatia
No full textSvjetska zdravstvena kriza koja je pogodila svijet 2020. godine uzrokovala je brojne poremećaje u gospodarstvima. Neka poduzeća su beneficirala od novih uvjeta poslovanja za vrijeme pandemije, no zasigurno je većina poduzeća bila negativno pogođena. Cilj ovoga rada jest ukazati na važnost malog i srednjeg poduzetništva za hrvatsko gospodarstvo, te analizirati utjecaj pandemije Covida-19 na njihovo poslovanje. U tom kontekstu, vremenska neograničenost poslovanja predstavlja ključnu pretpostavku pri sastavljanju financijskih izvještaja. U ovome radu navedena pretpostavka je dovedena u pitanje, odnosno provedena je ocjena primjerenosti te pretpostavke pri sastavljanju godišnjih izvještaja. U radu su analizirani financijski izvještaji, te su prikazani rezultati poslovanja u razdoblju od 3 godine. Zaključak rada potvrđuje da su mala i srednja poduzeća u Hrvatskoj zbog pandemije doživjela smanjenje broja poduzeća, prihoda, broja zaposlenih i izvoza. Iako se mala i srednja poduzeća često ističu svojom fleksibilnošću, globalna zdravstvena kriza ih je izrazito pogodila. Analiza četiri poduzeća pokazala je smanjenje imovine, obveza i prihoda u 2020. godini. Međutim, pokazatelji su se popravili nakon početnog šoka, čime je potvrđena njihova sposobnost oporavka te da vremenska neograničenost poslovanja nije bila dugoročno ugrožena.The global health crisis that hit the world in 2020 caused numerous disruptions in economies. Some companies benefited from the new business conditions during the pandemic, but certainly most companies were negatively affected. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises for the Croatian economy, and to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on their business. In that context, going concern is a key assumption when compiling financial statements. In this paper, the stated assumption is called into question, that is, an evaluation of the adequacy of this assumption was carried out when analyzing the annual statements. The paper analyzed the financial statements, and presented the results of operations over a period of 3 years. The conclusion of the study confirms that small and medium-sized enterprises in Croatia experienced a decrease in the number of businesses, revenue, employment, and exports due to the pandemic. Although small and medium-sized enterprises are often noted for their flexibility, the global health crisis significantly impacted them. The analysis of four companies showed a reduction in assets, liabilities, and revenue in 2020. However, the indicators improved after the initial shock, confirming their ability to recover and that the going concern assumption was not threatened in the long term
Parameterization of 3D CAD models of steel structures for prefabricated construction
No full textU radu je opisan postupak pripreme i izrada parametarskog 3D CAD modela čelične konstrukcije koji služi za prilagodbu modela specifičnim zahtjevima projekata prefabricirane gradnje. Parametrizacija omogućuje smanjenje vremena potrebnog za prilagodbu i kreiranje različitih izvedbi modela, što je posebno korisno u kontekstu industrijske proizvodnje gdje su fleksibilnost i brzina ključni faktori. Prikazani pristup podrazumijeva korake identifikacije i modeliranja parametara konstrukcije i njihovih odnosa.
U uvodu je detaljno opisano što je prefabricirana gradnja, kako se koristi u industriji te koje prednosti donosi, uključujući veću kontrolu kvalitete, smanjenje otpada i bržu montažu na gradilištu. Također je pojašnjena uloga parametrizacije u procesu izrade 3D CAD modela prefabriciranih čeličnih konstrukcija, s naglaskom na automatizaciju promjena u modelu. Zatim je analizirano nekoliko postojećih sklopova čeličnih konstrukcija, uključujući podne, zidne i stropne elemente, te su identificirani ključni parametri potrebni za modeliranje. Analiza je obuhvatila različite izvedbe konstrukcija s varijacijama u geometriji i funkcionalnim komponentama poput vrata i prozora, što je omogućilo formuliranje općih i specifičnih parametara koji se koriste u daljnjoj izradi modela. Na temelju analize su formulirani parametri za izradu 3D CAD modela te su kvantificirane veze između različitih parametara. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na međusobnu ovisnost parametara, koja omogućava automatske prilagodbe modela pri promjeni određenih vrijednosti, čime se smanjuje mogućnost grešaka.
U praktičnom su dijelu rada prikazane izrada i parametrizacija modela čelične konstrukcije u CAD sustavu SolidWorks te je prikazano nekoliko primjera promjene izvedbe konstrukcije na temelju različitih specifikacija parametara. Uključeni primjeri pokazuju kako se pomoću tabličnog sučelja može upravljati parametrima modela, što dodatno olakšava kontrolu nad različitim izvedbama i konfiguracijama.The presented work describes the procedure of the preparation and creation of parametric 3D CAD models of steel structures, which allow for the adaptation to the specific requirements of prefabricated construction projects. Parametrisation reduces the time needed to adjust and create different model versions, which is especially useful in industrial production where flexibility and speed are key factors. The presented approach includes the steps of identification and modelling of design parameters and their relationships.
The introductory section describes what prefabricated construction is, how it is used in industry, and what are its benefits, including greater quality control, reduced waste, and faster on-site assembly. The role of parameterisation in the process of creating 3D CAD models of prefabricated steel structures is also explained, with an emphasis on the automation of design changes in the model. Next, several existing steel structure assemblies, including their floor, wall, and ceiling elements, were analysed, and the key parameters needed for modelling were identified. The analysis included different versions of the steel structure design, with variations in geometry and functional components such as doors and windows. This made it possible to formulate general and specific parameters that are used in the further creation of the model. Based on the analysis, the parameters for creating a 3D CAD model were formulated, and the connections between the various parameters were quantified. Emphasis is placed on the mutual dependence of parameters, which enables automatic adjustments of the model when certain values change, thereby reducing the possibility of errors.
In the practical part of the presented work, the preparation and parametrisation of the steel structure model in the CAD system SolidWorks are presented, and several examples of changes in the design based on different parameter specifications are demonstrated. The included examples show how the tabular interface can be used to manage model parameters, further facilitating control over various performances and configurations
Antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A on CGRP release in the trigeminal ganglion in an animal model of formalin-induced pain
No full textBotulinum toksin tipa A (BT-A) potentan je neurotoksin kojeg proizvodi bakterija Clostridium botulinum.
Mehanizam djelovanja mu se temelji na sprječavanju otpuštanja neurotransmitera u sinaptičku pukotinu
proteolitičkim kidanjem SNARE proteina zaduženih za njihovu egzocitozu. Dugo se vremena smatralo da je
djelovanje BT-A ograničeno samo na periferna područja u kojima je i primijenjen, zbog čega mu je terapijska
primjena bila ograničena na liječenje autonomnih poremećaja, lokalizirane spastičnosti i hiperkinetičkih
poremećaja pokreta. S vremenom je bilo ustanovljeno kako BT-A ima izraženo antinociceptivno djelovanje i na
središnjoj razini uz minimalne nuspojave, dugotrajan učinak i izostanak tolerancije za razliku od ostalih analgetika
sa sistemskim djelovanjem što ga čini izuzetno privlačnim kandidatom za daljnja istraživanja, posebice u vidu
liječenja boli kroničnog tijeka. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je istražiti utjecaj BT-A na ekspresiju CGRP-a,
neuropeptidnog medijatora boli i upale, u području trigeminalnog ganglija, u modelu upalne orofacijalne boli
uzrokovane primjenom formalina u štakora. BT-A (7 i.j./kg) bio je unilateralno primijenjen u područje desnog
brka (ipsilateralno) Wistar štakora. Šest dana kasnije u područje lijevog brka (kontralateralno) uzrokovana je bol
primjenom 50 μL 2,5 % formalina nakon čega su životinje žrtvovane te su analizirani prerezi njihovih
trigeminalnih ganglija. U negativnoj kontrolnoj skupini se umjesto BT-A koristila fiziološka otopina primijenjena
bilateralno, dok se u pozitivnoj kontrolnoj skupini fiziološka otopina primijenila ipsilateralno, a 50 μL 2,5 %
formalina kontralateralno. Imunohistokemijskom analizom i statističkom obradom praćen je i kvantificiran
intenzitet signala CGRP-a u poprečnim prerezima trigeminalnih ganglija. U eksperimentalnoj skupini primijećeno
je statistički značajno smanjenje ekspresije CGRP-a u odnosnu na kontrolnu skupinu. Dobiveni rezultati sugeriraju
da BT-A djeluje i na suprotnoj strani od mjesta primjene, što upućuje na njegovu mogućnost aksonalnog transporta
i potencijalnog među-sinaptičkog prijenosa (transcitoze). Zaključno, ovaj diplomski rad pokazuje da BT-A može
djelovati ne samo na lokalnoj razini, već i na razini središnjeg živčanog sustava putem moguće transcitoze što
otvara prostor za daljnja istraživanja njegovog središnjeg antinociceptivnog djelovanja.Botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Its
mechanism of action is based on preventing the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft by proteolytically
cleaving SNARE proteins responsible for their exocytosis. For a long time, it was believed that the effects of BT-A
were limited to the peripheral areas where it was applied, restricting its therapeutic use to treating autonomic disorders,
localized spasticity, and hyperkinetic movement disorders. Over time, it was established that BT-A has significant
antinociceptive effects at the central level, with minimal side effects, long-lasting impact, and no development of
tolerance compared to other systemically acting analgesics, making it an exceptionally attractive candidate for further
research, particularly in the treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of BT-A
on the expression of CGRP, a neuropeptide mediator of pain and inflammation, in the trigeminal ganglion in a model
of inflammatory orofacial pain induced by formalin application in rats. BT-A (7 i.j./kg) was unilaterally administered
to the area of the right facial vibrissae (ipsilateral) in Wistar rats. Six days later, pain was induced in the area of the left
facial vibrissae (contralateral) by applying 50 μL of 2.5% formalin, after which the animals were sacrificed and
sections of their trigeminal ganglia were analyzed. In the negative control group, saline was used instead of BT-A,
administered bilaterally, while in the positive control group, saline was administered ipsilaterally, and 50 μL of 2.5%
formalin was applied contralaterally. Immunohistochemical analysis and statistical processing were used to monitor
and quantify the intensity of CGRP signals in transverse sections of the trigeminal ganglia. In the experimental group,
a statistically significant reduction in CGRP expression was observed compared to the control group. The obtained
results suggest that BT-A also acts on the opposite side of the application site, indicating its potential for axonal
transport and possible trans-synaptic transfer (transcytosis). In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that BT-A can act
not only at the local level but also at the central nervous system level through potential transcytosis, opening up the
possibility for further research into its central antinociceptive effects
Causes of consequences of the economic crisis
No full textSažetak U ovom radu analiziraju se uzroci i posljedice globalne gospodarske krize iz 2008. godine s osvrtom na njen utjecaj na hrvatsko gospodarstvo. Rad je podijeljen u pet cjelina: uvod, teorijski okviri ekonomskih kriza, analiza gospodarske krize u Hrvatskoj 2008. godine, upravljanje krizom i zaključak. Cilj rada je analizirati čimbenike koji su doveli do krize, dinamiku gospodarske krize te njene posljedice, kao i strategije upravljanja krizom u Hrvatskoj. Podaci korišteni u radu prikupljeni su iz sekundarnih izvora poput službenih statistika, izvještaja Hrvatske narodne banke kao i relevantne literature na temu. Drugi dio rada posvećen je teorijskim aspektima koje prate ekonomske krize. Razmatrani su uzroci i vrste krize, mehanizmi upravljanja krizom te njene kratkoročne i dugoročne posljedice. Na temelju istraživanja uspoređuju se trajanje ekonomskih kriza. U trećem dijelu rada opisana je gospodarska kriza u Hrvatskoj 2008 godine. Uzroci krize u Hrvatskoj uključuju visoku zaduženost, ovisnost o vanjskoj potražnji i pad ne snižavanje investicija i privatne potrošnje. Kriza je rezultirala značajnim padom BDP-a, povećanjem nezaposlenosti te negativnim makroekonomskim trendovima: smanjenje deviznih rezervi i povećanje državnoga dugova. Sektor rada je primio snažne udarce u vidu porasta nezaposlenosti i pada plaća. U četvrtom dijelu rada analizirana je nastala kriza u Hrvatskoj. Vlada je pokrenula niz mjera, uključujući fiskalne stimulanse, potporu bankarskom sektoru i strukturne promjene. Ipak, gospodarski oporavak bio je usporen i zahtijevao je dugoročne prilagodbe. Dugoročni faktori, kao što su neracionalno djelovanje javnoga sektora i visoki troškovi poslovanja, također su uobičajeni čimbenici koji su usporavali gospodarski oporavak. Zaključak sažima dugoročne posljedice krize, zajedno s važnošću ispravnog postupanja u kriznim situacijama. Lekcije naučene iz ove krize treba uzeti u obzir kad se zemlja suočava s budućim ekonomskim izazovima. Kroz primjenu adekvatnih odgovora, mogu se izvršiti pripreme koje će osigurati stabilniji i otporniji ekonomski sustav. Ovaj rad doprinosi boljem razumijevanju same složenosti gospodarskih kriza i važnost ispravnih politika i pravca djelovanja, što je očito iz empirijsko istraživanje koje se provelo. Ovo je posebno važno s obzirom na malu i otvorenu prirodu ekonomija poput HrvatskeAbstract This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of the global economic crisis of 2008 with a focus on its impact on the Croatian economy. The work is divided into five parts: introduction, theoretical frameworks of economic crises, analysis of the economic crisis in Croatia in 2008, crisis management and conclusion. The aim of the paper is to analyze the factors that led to the crisis, the dynamics of the economic crisis and its consequences, as well as crisis management strategies in Croatia. The data used in the paper were collected from secondary sources such as official statistics, reports of the Croatian National Bank, as well as relevant literature on the subject. The second part of the paper is devoted to the theoretical aspects that accompany economic crises. The causes and types of crisis, crisis management mechanisms and its short-term and long-term consequences are discussed. Based on the research, the duration of economic crises is compared. The third part of the paper describes the economic crisis in Croatia in 2008. The causes of the crisis in Croatia include high indebtedness, dependence on external demand and a decline in investment and private consumption. The crisis resulted in a significant drop in GDP, an increase in unemployment and negative macroeconomic trends: a decrease in foreign exchange reserves and an increase in government debt. The labor sector received strong blows in the form of rising unemployment and falling wages. In the fourth part of the paper, the emerging crisis in Croatia is analyzed. The government launched a series of measures, including fiscal stimulus, support for the banking sector and structural changes. However, economic recovery was slow and required long-term adjustments. Long-term factors, such as irrational actions of the public sector and high costs of doing business, are also common factors that have slowed economic recovery. The conclusion summarizes the long-term consequences of the crisis, along with the importance of handling crisis situations correctly. Lessons learned from this crisis should be taken into account as the country faces future economic challenges. Through the application of adequate responses, preparations can be made that will ensure a more stable and resilient economic system. This work contributes to a better understanding of the very complexity of economic crises and the importance of correct policies and course of action, which is evident from the empirical research that was conducted. This is especially important given the small and open nature of economies like Croati
THE IMPACT OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT MACROPOROUS ADSORPTION RESINS AND DESORPTION SOLVENTS ON ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF SAGE LEAF EXTRACTS (Salvia officinalis L.) OBTAINED BY EUTECTIC SOLVENT
No full textKadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) se smatra jednom od komercijalno važnijih
vrsta iz porodice usnača (Lamiaceae). U cvijetu, listovima i stabljici ljekovite kadulje identificiran je širok
raspon kemijskih spojeva koji imaju širok raspon učinaka zbog čega se široko koristi u prehrambenoj,
farmaceutskoj i kozmetičkoj industriji. U ovom radu ispitan je utjecaj upotrebe različitih makroporoznih
adsorpcijskih smola i desorpcijskih otapala na antioksidativnu i antibakterijsku aktivnost ekstrakata kadulje.
Ovim istraživanjem utvrđeno je da upotreba desorpcijskih otapala ima utjecaj na ukupni sadržaj fenola,
antioksidacijsku i antibakterijsku aktivnost. Primjena DIAION HP 2mg smola sa 70 %- tnim i 100 %-tnim
etanolom pokazala je povećanje antioksidacijske aktivnosti, a najveći udio fenola zabilježen je kod ekstrakata
gdje je primijenjena AMBERLITE XAD 16N smola i 100 %- tni etanol. Najučinkovitije antibakterijsko
djelovanje ekstrakta dobivenih primjenom AMBERLITE XAD 7HP smole neovisno o otapalu zabilježeno je
protiv soja P. aeruginosa.Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is considered to be one of the most commercially important species
of Lamiaceae family. The studies of the sage flower, leaves and stem has shown the great variability of
chemical components which have a wide range of effects. For that reason sage is widely used in food,
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study the impact of application of different macroporous
adsorption resin and desorption solvents on antioxidant and antibacterial effects of sage extract was tested.
This reasearh has enstablished that application of DIAION HP 2MG resin with 70 % and 100 % ethanol has
shown increased antioxidant activitiy. The highest total phenolic content was found in extracts obtained with
AMBERLITE XAD 16N resin and 100 % ethanol. Extracts obtained with AMBERLITE XAD 7HP resin
regardless of solvent used have shown the most effecient antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa
PLANTS AS NATURAL MEDICINES
No full textIstraţivanje tradicionalne primjene ljekovitog bilja provedeno je na području
Baranje od lipnja do rujna 2019. godine te je obuhvatilo 27 ispitanika. UtvrĎeno je da ispitanici koriste 44 biljne
svojte iz 24 porodice. Najviše biljnih svojti koriste ispitanici izmeĎu 61 i 70 godina. Ukupno 56,8% navedenih
biljnih svojti ispitanici sami uzgajaju, dok je 43,2% svojti samoniklo. Biljne svojte najčešće koriste za liječenje
bolesti dišnog, probavnog, kardiovaskularnog i neurološkog sustava, a velik broj biljaka koriste i u prehrani.
Ljekovito bilje ispitanici najčešće pripremaju u obliku čaja, a najčešće korišteni biljni organi su list i plod.
Rezultati ukazuju na vaţnost očuvanja vrijednih znanja o tradicionalnoj primjeni biljnih svojti na području
Baranje.Research of traditional use of wild plants conducted in Baranja area from June to September
2019 included 27 participants. It has been found that they use 44 different plant taxa from 24 families. The
participants between 61 and 70 years old use the most different plant taxa. In total of 56,8% plants are cultivated,
while 43,2% are wild plants. Plants are mostly used for respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and
neurological disorders and large number of plants are used as food. The participants mostly use plants to prepare
teas. The most commonly used plant parts are leaves and fruits. The results indicate the importance of preserving
valuable knowledge about the traditional application of plant species in Baranja area