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INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF SELENIUM ON GLUTATHIONE CONTENT IN SPINACH AND ARUGULA LEAVES
No full textSelen je element koji u biljkama, ovisno o primijenjenoj koncentraciji, može
izazvati niz korisnih ili štetnih učinaka. Niže koncentracije selena imaju pozitivan učinak na antioksidativni
status biljaka, dok u prekomjernim količinama selen djeluje kao pro-oksidans što dovodi do pojave
oksidativnog stresa. Kao posljedica oksidativnog stresa u biljkama se, uz enzimske, aktiviraju i neenzimski
antioksidansi od kojih je najvažniji glutation. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti učinak različitih
koncentracija nanoselena i selenata (40, 80, 160 i 320 μmol Se/m3) na sadržaj glutationa u listovima špinata i
rukole. Oba oblika selena, primijenjena u četiri različite koncentracije, nisu značajno utjecala na sadržaj
glutationa. Tretman niskim koncentracijama nanoselena (40 μmol Se/m3 i 80 μmol Se/m3) uzrokovao je
značajno povećanje omjera GSH/GSSG kod rukole što ukazuje na učinkovit antioksidativni sustav, dok isti
učinak nije postignut kod špinata. Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja se mogu upotrijebiti kao temelj za buduća
istraživanja o mogućim pozitivnim učincima predtretmana nižim koncentracijama nanoselena u odgovoru na
različite oblike abiotičkog i biotičkog stresa.Selenium is an element that can cause a number of beneficial or harmful effects in plants
depending on the applied concentration. Lower selenium concentrations have a positive effect on the
antioxidant status of plants, while in excessive amounts selenium acts as a pro-oxidant leading to oxidative
stress. As a consequence of oxidative stress in plants, in addition to enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants are
activated, the most important of which is glutathione. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of
different concentrations of nanoselenium and selenate (40, 80, 160 and 320 μmol Se/m3) on glutathione content
in spinach and arugula leaves. Both forms of selenium, applied in four different concentrations, did not
significantly affect glutathione content. Treatment with low concentrations of nanoselenium (40 μmol Se/m3
and 80 μmol Se/m3) caused a significant increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio in arugula, which indicates an
effective antioxidant system, while the same effect was not achieved in spinach. The obtained results can be
used as a basis for future research on the possible positive effects of pretreatment with lower concentrations of
nanoselenium in response to various forms of abiotic and biotic stress
Development of examination robot for bottom mounted instrumentation in the reactor vessel
No full textSvaki tehnički sustav, pa tako i nuklearne elektrane potrebno je redovito servisirati za
pravilan i siguran rad. Nerazornim ispitivanjima provjeravaju se ključni dijelovi nuklearnih
elektrana kako bi se pravovremeno naišlo na moguće pukotine ili anomalije materijala. Zone
povišenog zračenja onemogućuju dugotrajan boravak ljudi unutar elektrane pa su iz tog razloga
potrebni roboti za provođenje nerazornih ispitivanja. U ovom završnom radu opisuje se način
definiranja i izrade globalne sheme ožičenja manipulatora te razvod pneumatskih cijevi i
spajanje za ostvarivanje svih funkcija manipulatora „Target-20-R“, tvrtke INETEC.
Definiranjem električnih komponenti i izradom tablice u kojoj su navedene karakteristike kao
što su naponske i signalne linije, maksimalne struje i snaga komponenti dobiva se jasnu sliku o
potrebnim kablovima i konektorima koje se odabiru po kriteriju maksimalne struje i napona za
koje su predviđeni. Sheme ožičenja i razvoda pneumatskih cijevi izrađene su u softveru
AutoCAD electrical te priložene kao prilog završnom radu. Po navedenim shemama provedena
je izrada ožičenja i na posljetku provedena analiza ukupne vrijednosti cijelog ožičenja. Drugi
dio završnog rada je projektiranje elektroničke tiskane pločice za regulaciju tlaka kućišta
manipulatora. Potrebno je postići stalni pretlak kućišta kako bi se upravljačke jedinice unutar
manipulatora zaštitile od puštanja vode u kućište. Projektiranje pločice se provodi u softveru
Altium Designer 20. u kojem su opisane razne funkcije te izrađeni dokumenti koji su potrebni
proizvodnju tiskane pločice. Opisano je naručivanje, lemljenje i na posljetku postupak sigurnog
testiranja kako moguća greška pri izradi ne bi rezultirala uništenjem pločice.Every technical system, including nuclear power plants, needs to be serviced regularly
for regular and safe operation. Non-destructive testing methods are used for the inspection of
key parts of nuclear power plants to detect possible cracks or material anomalies in a timely
manner. High radiation zones prevent people from staying inside the power plant for a long
time, which is why robots are needed to conduct non-destructive testing. This paper describes
the method of defining and developing a global wiring diagram of the manipulator „Target-20-
R“ by company INETEC, as well as the distribution of the pneumatic pipes and connections for
the realization of all functions needed. By defining electrical components and creating a table
in which characteristics are listed such as voltage and signal lines, maximum current, and power
of components. By inspecting the content of the table and also according to the criteria of
maximum current and voltage, cables and connectors are selected. Wiring and pipes distribution
diagrams were made in the AutoCAD Electrical software and attached as a supplement to this
final paper. The second part of the final paper is the design of an electronic printed circuit board
(PCB) for regulating the pressure of the manipulator housing. It is necessary to achieve a
constant overpressure of the housing in order to protect the control units inside the manipulator
housing from water leakage. The design of the bord is carried out in the software Altium
Designer 20. in which various functions are described and files, required for the production of
the printed circuit bord, are prepared. Ordering and soldering procedures are also described and
in the end safe testing process is explained so that a possible manufacturing error would not
result in the destruction of the PCB
Seismic Analysis of the Medieval Military Dry-stone Masonry Tower Arquà in Italy : Master's Thesis
No full textZa obrambeni suho zidani toranj Arquà koji se nalazi u pokrajini Rovigo, izvršene su analize ponašanja konstrukcije pod utjecajem seizmičkih sila. Za analizu je korišten numerički model Y2D, temeljen na kombiniranoj metodi konačno-diskretnih elemenata. Podloga seizmičkih zapisa uzeta je na temelju stvarnog potresnog događaja u Petrovcu 1979. godine. U radu je prikazano kako veličina blokova i način oslanjanja zidanog tornja utječu na ponašanje konstrukcije pod seizmičkim djelovanjem.For the defensive dry-stone tower of Arquà, located in the province of Rovigo, analyses of the structure's behavior under seismic forces were conducted. The analyses utilized the numerical model Y2D, based on the combined method of finite-discrete elements. The seismic data foundation was obtained from an actual seismic event in Petrovac in 1979. The study demonstrates how the size of blocks and the manner in which the stone tower is supported influence the structure's response to seismic actions
Metal complexes of bis-1,2,3-triazole ligands with various central heteroatoms
No full text1,2,3-triazol predstavlja bitan farmakofor u dizajnu lijekova, a njegovi derivati stvaraju koordinativno-kovalentne veze s metalnim ionima što ih čini dobrim kandidatima u području anorganske medicinske kemije. U ovom radu opisana je sinteza simetričnih triazolnih tridentatnih liganada te njihovih metalnih kompleksa. Sinteza liganada provedena je regioselektivnom reakcijom 1,3-dipolarne cikloadicije dipropargilamina, dipropargil-etera i dipropargil-sulfida s aromatskim azidima kataliziranom bakrom(I). Strukture svih pripravljenih liganada potvrđene su spektroskopijom 1H i 13C NMR te FTIR. Novosintetizirani ligandi 5a–5d, 6a–6d i 7a–7d korišteni su za sintezu metalnih kompleksa s bakrom(II), cinkom(II), kobaltom(II) i niklom(II). Struktura i stabilnost sintetiziranih kompleksa potvrđena je pomoću spektroskopije UV-Vis i 1H NMR. Za ligand 6b i komplekse [Co(5d)2](NO3)2,
[Cu(6d)2](CF3SO3)2, [Ni(7a)2](BF4)2 i [Ni(7b)2](BF4)2 određene su kristalne strukture pomoću rendgenske difrakcije na jediničnom kristalu. Dobivene kristalne strukture metalnih kompleksa ML2 stehiometrije pokazuju trans-fac stereokemiju.1,2,3-triazole is a significant pharmacophore in drug design, while its derivatives form coordinative-covalent bonds with metal ions, which makes them good candidates in the field of inorganic medicinal chemistry. In this work, the syntheses of symmetric triazole tridentate ligands and their metal complexes were described. The syntheses of ligands were performed by the regioselective reaction of 1,3-dipolar copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of dipropargyl amine, dipropargyl ether and dipropargyl sulfide with aromatic azides. The structures of the prepared ligands were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The newly synthesized ligands 5a–5d, 6a–6d and 7a–7d were used for the preparation of metal complexes with copper(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II). The structure and stability of the synthesized complexes were confirmed by UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. For ligand 6b and complexes [Co(5d)2](NO3)2, [Cu(6d)2](CF3SO3)2, [Ni(7a)2](BF4)2 and [Ni(7b)2](BF4)2 crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of metal complexes of ML2 stoichiometry show trans-fac stereochemistry
Physicochemical analysis and aromatic profile of unifloral honey varieties : diploma thesis
No full textU ovom radu analiziran je fizikalno-kemijski sastav i aromatični profil pet različitih vrsta meda (med od: drače, kadulje, pajasena, planike i vriska). Od fizikalno-kemijskih parametara određivan je pH, udjel vode i električna provodnost. Također je određena i melisopalinološka analiza te spektralna analiza šećera. FTIR analizom utvrđeno je da med od kadulje i pajasena sadrži najviši udio fruktoze, dok je njen najmanji udio bio kod meda od planike. Hlapljivi spojevi meda izolirani su mikroekstrakcijom vršnih para na krutoj fazi (HS-SPME) koristeći sivo vlakno te analizirani vezanim sustavom plinska kromatografija – spektrometrija masa. Hlapljivi spojevi sa najvišim udjelom su: benzaldehid, 2-furankarboksaldehid (furfural), 2-fenilacetaldehid, 4-metoksi benzaldehid, linalol, trans-linalol oksid (furanski tip), izomeri aldehida jorgovana, nonanol, 2,3,5-trimetilpirazin. 5-hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) identificiran je samo u medu od planike, dok su metil-siringat i metil salicilat identificirani samo u medu od vriska.In this paper, the physicochemical composition and aromatic profile of five different types of honey (honey from: spiny broom, sage, tree of heaven, strawberry tree and savory) were analyzed. The physicochemical parameters determined were pH, water content, and electrical conductivity. Additionally, melissopalynological analysis and spectral analysis of sugars were conducted. FTIR analysis revealed that sage and tree of heaven honey contain the highest fructose content, while the lowest content was found in strawberry tree honey.The volatile compounds in the honey were isolated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gray fiber and analyzed using a coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. The volatile compounds with the highest content were: benzaldehyde, 2- furancarboxaldehyde (furfural), 2-phenylacetaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, linalool, trans-linalool oxide (furan type), lilac aldehyde isomers, nonanol, and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was identified only in strawberry tree honey, while methyl syringate and methyl salicylate were identified only in savory honey
Analysis of one-year beach profile changes in Omiš and Duće area
No full textPlaže u području grada Omiša i naselja Duće jedne su od rijetkih pješčanih plaža na istočnoj obali Jadranskog mora, a porijeklo sedimenta plaža je u najvećoj mjeri pijesak taložen na ušću rijeke Cetine. Tijekom 20. stoljeća, urbanizacija grada Omiša i Duća, te izgradnja hidroelektrana na rijeci Cetini značajno su smanjile budžet sedimenta dostupnog za prirodnu nadohranu plaža. S obzirom na rijetkost pojave plaža na istočnoj obali Jadranskog mora i važnost njihovog očuvanja, cilj ovog diplomskog rada je analiza jednogodišnjih promjena profila pješčanih plaža na tom području. Tijekom 2023. godine provedena su mjerenja profila plaža na pet odabranih lokacija kako bi se utvrdile morfološke promjene. Te promjene povezane su s osnovnim fizičkim karakteristikama sedimenta te s prikupljenim vjetrovnim i izračunatim valnim prilikama u periodu praćenja. Analizom svih prikupljenih podataka pokušao se procijeniti maksimalni odobalni doseg kretanja sedimenta (depth of closure), a time i stabilnost plaža, te prikladnost jednogodišnjeg vremenskog okvira praćenja varijacija profila na potrebe upravljanja plažama.The beaches in the area of the city of Omiš and the settlement of Duće are some of the rare sandy beaches on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, and the origin of the beach sediment is mostly sand deposited at the mouth of the Cetina River. During the 20th century, the urbanization of the city of Omiš and Duće, and the construction of hydroelectric power plants on the Cetina River significantly reduced the sediment budget available for natural beach replenishment. Given the rarity of beaches on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and the importance of their preservation, the aim of this thesis is to analyze one-year changes in the profile of sandy beaches in that area. During 2023, beach profile measurements were carried out at five selected locations to determine morphological changes. These changes are related to the basic physical characteristics of the sediment and to the collected wind and calculated wave conditions during the monitoring period. By analyzing all collected data, an attempt was made to estimate the maximum offshore reach of sediment movement (depth of closure), and thus the stability of the beaches, and the suitability of the one-year time frame for monitoring profile variations for the needs of beach management
Monitoring the migration of additives from multiple recycled polyethylene microplastics
No full textPolimerni materijali nalaze se svuda oko nas i koriste se u raznim proizvodima prehrambene, kozmetičke, građevinske i drugih industrija, pri čemu je polietilen jedan od najčešće korištenih polimera. Dodavanjem aditiva poboljšavaju se određena svojstva polimera koja im omogućuju primjenu u različitim industrijama. S porastom globalne proizvodnje i uporabe polimernih materijala povećava se i količina plastičnog otpada. Mehaničko recikliranje često se smatra efikasnim rješenjem za njegovo smanjenje. Iako u literaturi postoji puno istraživanja koja se temelje na proučavanju polimera i njihovih svojstava, malo se njih koncentrira na to kako višestruko recikliranje utječe na otpuštanje aditiva iz plastike. Cilj ovoga rada bio je proučavanje utjecaja višestrukog recikliranja na migraciju aditiva iz polietilenske mikroplastike. U tu svrhu pripremljena su dva uzorka. Prvi uzorak se sastojao od polietilena (PE) i antioksidansa, dok se drugi uzorak sastojao od PE-a u koji su dodani antioksidansi i plastifikator. Nakon pripreme uzoraka u laboratorijskom ekstruderu provedena je simulacija pet ciklusa mehaničkog recikliranja. Nakon svakog ciklusa uzorci su usitnjeni do veličine mikroplastike. Kako bi se ustanovile promjene u strukturi, toplinskoj stabilnosti i stupnju kristalnosti uzoraka uzrokovane aditivima, provedena je karakterizacija nakon 1., 3. i 5. ciklusa recikliranja. Metode karakterizacije uključivale su infracrvenu spektroskopiju s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR), termogravimetrijsku analizu (TGA) i diferencijalnu pretražnu kalorimetriju (DSC). Isto tako, praćena je i migracija aditiva iz mikroplastike u vodeni medij, prilikom čega je određen sadržaj ukupnog organskog ugljika, omjer biorazgradivosti i toksičnost na organizmima Vibrio fischeri i Daphnia magna.Polymeric materials are all around us and are used in various products such as food, cosmetics, construction and other industries, whereby polyethylene is one of the most used polymers. The addition of additives is essential for enhancing certain properties of polymers, allowing their application in various industries. With increasing global production and usage of polymer materials, the amount of plastic waste is also increasing. Mechanical recycling is considered an effective way of solving this problem. Although there are many studies about polymers and their properties, not many of them are focused on the effect of multiple recycling cycles on the migration of additives from plastic. The aim of this thesis was to examine the effect of multiple recycling cycles on migration of additives from polyethylene microplastics. For this purpose, two samples were prepared. One of them was polyethylene (PE) with antioxidants, while the second one was PE with antioxidants and plasticizer. After preparation, a simulation of five recycling cycles was conducted in a laboratory extruder. After each cycle, the samples were ground to microplastic size. To establish changes in structure, thermal stability and degree of crystallinity of the samples, the characterization was done after 1st, 3rd and 5th cycle of recycling. These methods of characterization included Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The migration of additives from microplastic to water was also monitored, and total organic carbon (TOC), ratio of biodegradability and toxicity on organisms Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna were determined
Targeting the fusion protein RIOX1-dSpCas9 to the promoter region of B4GALT1 for removal of the histone mark H3K4me3
No full textŠest epigenetičkih mehanizama simultanim djelovanjem regulira gensku ekspresiju, a njihove su interakcije, zastupljenosti i efekti na transkripcijski status određenog gena specifični u odnosu na kromatinski „okoliš“. Cilj istraživanja bio je ukloniti histonsku oznaku H3K4me3 u promotorskoj regiji gena B4GALT1 pomoću fuzijskog proteina RIOX1-dSpCas9 navođenog na specifičnu regiju sa šest različitih molekula sgRNA (od engl. single guide RNA). Također, cilj je bio dizajnirati testove za analizu stupnja metilacije pirosekvenciranjem ove regije. Metodom kromatinske precipitacije CUT&RUN, nakon koje slijedi qPCR, utvrđeno je da nije došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja u količini histonske oznake H3K4me3 kao ni do povećanja stupnja metilacije DNA u analiziranoj regiji. Metodom kvantitativnog PCR je utvrđeno da nije došlo do promjene u genskoj ekspresiji. Gen B4GALT1 ima složenu genetičku i epigenetičku regulaciju, a efekt fuzijskog proteina RIOX1-dSpCas9 mogao je ostati nezapažen zbog uskog područja koje je analizirano, ali i zbog već prisutnih epigenetičkih modifikacija i strukture kromatina koji su mogli onemogućiti njegovo vezanje ili katalitičku aktivnost.Gene expression is regulated by six epigenetic mechanisms that work simultaneously. Their interactions as well as their effects on the transcriptional status of a certain gene are specific and depend on chromatin context. The goal of this research was to remove the histone mark H3K4me3 from the promoter region of the B4GALT1 gene using the fusion protein RIOX1-dSpCas9, which was guided to a specific region by six different sgRNA molecules. Also, the goal was to design assays for pyrosequencing in order to analyze DNA methylation level in this region. The CUT&RUN chromatin precipitation method followed with qPCR revealed no statistically significant change in the amount of histone mark H3K4me3 nor in DNA methylation level of the analyzed region. Quantitative PCR showed no change in the the B4GALT1 gene transcriptional activity. The B4GALT1 gene has complex genetic and epigenetic regulation, and the effect of the RIOX1-dSpCas9 fusion protein could have gone unnoticed due to the narrow region in the gene promoter that was analyzed. Also, the already present epigenetic modifications and chromatin structure in the targeted region could have prevent the binding or catalytic activity of RIOX1-dSpCas9
Influence of process parameters on removal of acetamiprid with NF and RO membranes
No full textPesticidi i antiparazitici su toksični organski spojevi koji su zbog široke i rastuće primjene česta onečišćivala voda te kao takvi predstavljaju globalan ekološki i javnozdravstveni problem. Dodatni problem je činjenica da se ne mogu ukloniti konvencionalnim široko dostupnim procesima pročišćavanja voda. Tlačni membranski procesi su se pokazali učinkovitim, održivim procesima za separaciju ovakvih organskih spojeva iz voda, a postoji i potencijal za široku primjenu daljnjom optimizacijom procesa. U ovom radu se provelo ispitivanje utjecaja procesnih parametara (tlaka: 5, 10 i 15 bar i brzine strujanja: 2, 3 i 4 L/min) na učinkovitost separacije acetamiprida iz vodene otopine nanofiltracijom (NF) i reverznom osmozom (RO) u svrhu određivanja optimalnih uvjeta. Primjenom optimalnih uvjeta ispitana je učinkovitost separacije odabranih pesticida (tiakloprid i klotianidin) kao i antiparazitika (albendazol, febantel i mebendazol). Također je pri optimalnim uvjetima određena učinkovitost separacije smjese pesticida i antiparazitika. Učinkovitost separacije je analizirana tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke učinkovitosti. Separacija acetamiprida s NF provedena pri niskom radnom tlaku 5 bar pokazuje najlošije rezultate uspješnosti separacije u iznosu od 55 % do 65 %, dok pri višim tlakovima i brzinama strujanja pokazuje uspješnost separacije veću od 70 %. Separacija acetamiprida RO pokazuje uspješnost separacije veću od 90 % pri svim ispitivanim procesnim parametrima. Određeni su optimalni uvjeti za 1 mg/L otopinu acetamiprida računalnim programom Design Expert 7 i oni iznose: tlak 10 bar i brzina strujanja 4 L/min za NF, tlak 12,5 bar i brzina strujanja 4 L/min za RO proces. Febantel se u potpunosti separira i NF i RO membranom. NF procesom za ostale komponente osim febantela je utvrđena manja uspješnost separacije pri optimalnim uvjetima nego kod acetamiprida. Sve ostale komponente pokazuju uspješnost separacije 95 %) osim za albendazol kod kojeg je iznosila 85,2 %. Obje membrane pokazuju višu učinkovitost separacije komponenti u smjesi nego u binarnim otopinama.Pesticides and antiparasitics are toxic organic compounds which, due to their widespread and increasing use, often pollute water bodies and thus represent a global ecological and health problem. Another problem is the fact that they cannot be removed using conventional, widely used water treatment processes. Pressure-driven membrane processes have proven to be effective and sustainable methods for separating such organic compounds from water, and there is potential for their wider application through further process optimization. In this study, the influence of process parameters (pressure: 5, 10, and 15 bar; flow rate: 2, 3, and 4 L/min) on the removal efficiency of acetamiprid from aqueous solution by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was determined together with optimal conditions. Using optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of selected pesticides (thiacloprid and clothianidin) and antiparasitics (albendazole, febantel, and mebendazole) was investigated. In addition, the efficiency of separation of mixtures of pesticides and antiparasitics was determined under optimal conditions. The removal efficiency was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The separation of acetamiprid by NF at a low operating pressure of 5 bar showed the lowest separation efficiency, ranging from 55% to 65%, while the efficiency at higher pressures and flow rates was above 70%. The removal of acetamiprid by RO showed an efficiency of over 90% for all tested process parameters. The optimal conditions for a 1 mg/L acetamiprid solution were determined using Design Expert 7 software: 10 bar pressure and 4 L/min flow rate for the NF, and 12.5 bar pressure and 4 L/min flow rate for the RO process. Febantel was completely separated from both the NF and RO membranes. For other components (except febantel), the NF process showed lower removal efficiency compared to acetamiprid under optimal conditions. All other components showed removal efficiencies below 55%, indicating that component characteristics need to be considered when optimizing organic pollutant removal. The RO membranes also showed an exceptionally high removal efficiency of over 95% for the other components tested, with the exception of albendazole, for which it was 85.2%. Both membranes showed a higher removal efficiency for components in mixtures than in binary solutions
Effect of cannabidiol on viability of SH-SY5Y cells in the presence of toxic concentrations of copper ions
No full textOksidacijski stres uzrokovan poremećenom regulacijom homeostaze bakra jedan je od važnih čimbenika u patofiziologiji neurodegenerativnih bolesti. Razvoj potencijalnih terapija često uključuje spojeve koji pokazuju antioksidacijska svojstva. Kanabinoidi su skupina lipidnih spojeva s pokazanim antioksidacijskim, protuupalnim i neuroprotektivnim djelovanjem posredstvom endokanabinoidnog sustava. U ovom istraživanju ispitan je učinak kanabidiola na preživljenje stanica SH-SY5Y u fiziološkim uvjetima te u uvjetima oksidacijskog stresa izazvanog visokim koncentracijama bakra. Kanabidiol je, suprotno očekivanjima, djelovao neurotoksično te smanjio preživljenje stanica. Iako nije utjecao na proizvodnju reaktivnih kisikovih vrsta, smanjio je omjer reduciranog i oksidiranog glutationa (GSH/GSSG) kao i aktivnost antioksidacijskog enzima superoksid dismutaze. Također, tretman kanabidiolom je povećao aktivnost izvršnih kaspaza 3 i 7 te kondenzaciju kromatina, kao i otpuštanje laktat dehidrogenaze u stanični medij, što upućuje na staničnu smrt procesima apoptoze i nekroze. Primjena selektivnih inhibitora signalnih puteva povezanih s aktivacijom receptora CB1, kao ni dodatak liganada receptora CB1 nije modificirala učinak kanabidiola na preživljenje stanica, upućujući na to da kanabidiol ne ostvaruje svoje učinke vezivanjem na kanabinoidne receptore.Oxidative stress caused by disturbed regulation of copper homeostasis is one of the important factors in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The development of potential therapies often involves compounds with antioxidant properties. Cannabinoids are lipid compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects achieved through the endocannabinoid system. In this study, the effect of cannabidiol on the survival of SH-SY5Y cells was examined in physiological conditions and in oxidative stress conditions induced by high concentrations of copper. Contrary to expectations, cannabidiol demonstrated neurotoxic effects and reduced cell survival. Although it did not affect the production of reactive oxygen species, it reduced the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Treatment with cannabidiol also increased the activity of executive caspases 3/7 and chromatin condensation, as well as the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium, which indicates cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. The use of selective inhibitors of signaling pathways associated with CB1 receptor activation, as well as the addition of CB1 receptor ligands did not modify cell survival, suggesting that cannabidiol does not exert its effects via cannabinoid receptors