Croatian Digital Thesis Repository
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Arthropods as Ecto- and Endoparasites of Horses and Horse Pastures in Eastern Istria
No full textMnogi člankonošci su razvili parazitski način života, pri čemu većina predstavljaju
ektoparazite, dok su ostali endoparaziti. Konji diljem svijeta izloženi su invazijama
ektoparazitia i endoparazita uzrokojući ekonomske štete. Među mnogobrojnim vrstama
parazita konja jedne od najčešćih skupina člankonožaca koje mogu invadirati konje na
pašnjacima su krpelji, obadi i štrkovi. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio pronaći, identificirati
rod ili vrstu, spol i razvojni stadij člankonožaca te utvrditi prevalenciju pojedinih
člankonožaca na konjima ovisno o godišnjim dobima, na području dva konjička kluba istočne
Istre.
Istraživanje je provedeno od veljače 2024. do ožujka 2025. godine. Inspekcijom na
konjima i sakupljanjem iz okoliša, ukupno je sakupljeno 234 uzorka člankonožaca. Sakupljeni
su krpelji I. ricinus s udjelom od 16,88 % (26/154), D. marginatus 4,54 % (7/154) i Hy,
marginatum 78,57% (121/154) od ukupno sakupljenih krpelja. Uhvaćena su 73 obada iz
rodova Philipomyia 17,8% (13/73), Dasyrhamphis 5,47 % (4/73), dok je najbrojniji rod bila
Haematopota sa 76,71% (56/73). Od ostalih, manje prevalentnih člankonožaca, uhvaćene su
samo tri konjske kožnatice (Hippobosca equina) i četiri konjska štrka (G. intestinalis).
Temeljem dobivenih rezultata, vrsta koja predstavlja najveći rizik u prijenosu
uzročnika zaraznih i parazitarnih bolesti konja na području istočne Istre, s obzirom na
brojnost, je Hy. marginatum. Ipak, ni ostale identificirane vrste krpelja, obada i konjskih
kožnatica ne treba zanemariti zbog njihova vektorskog potencijala i negativnog utjecaja na
ponašanje i zdravstveno stanje konja.Many arthropods have developed a parasitic lifestyle, with most being ectoparasites, while
others are endoparasites. Horses worldwide are exposed to invasions by both ectoparasites
and endoparasites, causing economic losses. Among the numerous species of horse parasites,
some of the most common groups of arthropods that may infest horses on pastures include
ticks, horseflies, and botflies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and identify the
genus or species, sex, and developmental stage of the arthropods, and to determine the
prevalence of specific arthropods on horses depending on the season, in the area of equestrian
riding clubs in eastern Istria.
The research was conducted from February 2024 to March 2025. Through inspection of
horses and environmental sampling, a total of 234 arthropod specimens were collected.
Among the ticks, Ixodes ricinus accounted for 16.88% (26/154), Dermacentor marginatus for
4.54% (7/154), and Hyalomma marginatum for 78.57% (121/154) of the total collected ticks.
A total of 73 horseflies were caught, belonging to the genera Philipomyia (17.8%, 13/73),
Dasyrhamphis (5.47%, 4/73), with the most numerous genus being Haematopota at 76.71%
(56/73). Among the other, less prevalent arthropods, only three forest flies (Hippobosca
equina) and four botflies (Gasterophilus intestinalis) were captured.
Based on the obtained results, the species posing the highest risk for transmission of
infectious and parasitic equine causative agents in eastern Istria, due to its abundance, is Hy.
marginatum. However, other identified species of ticks, horse flies, and forest flies should not
be overlooked due to their vector potential and negative impact on horse behavior and health
Development of an intelligent agent based on deep learning
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu istražene su i primijenjene metode pojačanog i dubokog učenja u svrhu razvoja inteligentnog agenta sposobnog za učenje igranja videoigre kroz interakciju s okolinom. U teorijskom dijelu rada obrađeni su osnovni pojmovi pojačanog učenja (Reinforcement Learning), model Q-learning, te duboke neuronske mreže s naglaskom na konvolucijske neuronske mreže (CNN), koje su korištene zbog obrade vizualnih ulaznih podataka. U sklopu rješenja primijenjen je deep Q-network (DQN) model kao metoda učenja optimalne politike ponašanja iz vizualnog prikaza okoline.
Praktični dio rada obuhvaća razvoj simulacijskog okruženja temeljeno na jednoj od Atari igara, u kojem agent uči igranjem i prilagođava svoje ponašanje ovisno o povratnim informacijama iz okoline. Implementiran je DQN model u programskom jeziku Python, korištenjem PyCharm razvojne okoline. Razvijene su i testirane različite arhitekture neuronskih mreža, uz prilagodbu hiperparametara, dok je proces treniranja i evaluacije modela detaljno analiziran pomoću alata TensorBoard. Konačno, najbolji model pokrenut je u zasebnoj skripti za evaluaciju izvedbe agenta.This thesis explores and applies methods of reinforcement learning and deep learning with the goal of developing an intelligent agent capable of learning to play a video game through interaction with its environment. The theoretical part of the thesis covers fundamental concepts of reinforcement learning, the Q-learning algorithm, and deep neural networks, with a focus on convolutional neural networks (CNN), which were used due to their ability to process visual input data. As part of the implemented solution, the Deep Q-Network (DQN) model was used as a method for learning an optimal behavior policy based on the visual representation of the environment.
The practical part of the thesis includes the development of a simulation environment based on one of the Atari games, in which the agent learns by playing and adjusts its behavior based on feedback from the environment. The DQN model was implemented in the Python programming language using the PyCharm development environment. Various neural network architectures were developed and tested, with adjustments to hyperparameters, while the training and evaluation process was thoroughly analyzed using the TensorBoard tool. Finally, the best-performing model was executed in a separate script for agent performance evaluation
Parallel flight simulation of a fighter aircraft and an anti-aircraft missile in a selected scenario
No full textNa početku ovog rada dan je kratki opis značajki rakete lako prijenosnog raketnog protuzrakoplovnog sustava (LPRS). Napravljena je teorijska razrada 6DOF modela gibanja rakete zajedno s informacijama o relativnom gibanju glave rakete u odnosu na cilj te sustavu upravljanja rakete. Dobiva se tzv. vektor stanja, koji se sastoji od 19 komponenata (varijabli) koje služe za opis sustava leta i vođenja modela rakete. Prema postojećem modelu rakete rađenom u programskom paketu MATLAB, rađen je sustav leta i vođenja modela rakete u Simulinku. Napravljeno je deset podsustava, gdje svaki ima svoju određenu zadaću, koji su dalje spojeni u funkcionalni sustav rakete. Također, rađena je usporedba samostalne simulacije sustava rakete u odnosu na postojeći kod. Simulacija se sastojala od dva različita scenarija napada cilja, jedan gdje je cilj u dolasku i drugi kada je cilj u odlasku. Dobiveni rezultati razvijenog modela pokazali su prihvatljivo poklapanje s rezultatima postojećeg koda. Sustav rakete je dalje spojen sa sustavom aviona na simulatoru leta. Odrađena je simulacija za tri različita scenarija napada rakete na zrakoplov s pilotom u petlji, tj. napad na avion u dolasku, odlasku i s bočne strane.This thesis starts with a short description of a short-range anti-aircraft missile. Further, a theoretical development of the missile 6DOF flight model is portrayed, together with information on the relative motion of the missile head in relation to the target and the missile control system. A state vector consisting of 19 variables is used to describe this flight model along with its guidance.
Based on the existing missile model developed in the MATLAB software package, a missile flight and guidance system model was developed in Simulink. Ten subsystems were created, each with its own specific task, which were then combined into a functional missile system. Also, a comparison of the independent missile system simulation was made in relation to the existing one in MATLAB. The simulation consisted of two different target attack scenarios: one where the target is approaching and the other where the target is moving away from the launch site. The results obtained from the developed model showed an acceptable match with the results of the existing code.
The missile system model was further connected to the fighter aircraft system model in a flight simulator. A parallel flight simulation of the both systems was performed. It consisted of three different scenarios of a missile attack on an aircraft with a pilot in the loop. These scenarios involved an aircraft approaching or moving away from the launch site, as well as the site being shifted to the side
The distribution of botulinum toxin type A in supraspinal regions involved in nociception
No full textBotulinum toksin tipa A (BoNT/A), iako jedan od najpotentnijih poznatih otrova u prirodi, već desetljećima ima važno mjesto u terapiji brojnih stanja, od mišićnih distonija do kronične boli. Njegov antinociceptivni učinak intenzivno se istražuje, osobito u kontekstu djelovanja na kronična bolna stanja poput neuropatske boli i kronične migrene, za koju je BoNT/A odobren kao terapijsko sredstvo. U ovom radu analizirana je distribucija BoNT/A u središnjem živčanom sustavu nakon njegove periferne primjene u stražnju šapu štakora. Korištenjem imunohistokemijske metode detektiran je signal pokidanog SNAP-25 proteina, koji predstavlja indirektni pokazatelj proteolitičke aktivnosti, a time i prisustva BoNT/A. Signal je zabilježen u periakveduktalnoj sivoj tvari (PAG) i locus coeruleusu (LC), regijama poznatim po važnoj ulozi u supraspinalnoj modulaciji boli. Ovi rezultati upućuju na to da BoNT/A, nakon periferne primjene, retroaksonalnim transportom dolazi do spinalne razine, a potom se potencijalno i trans-sinaptički prenosi do viših, supraspinalnih struktura. Izostanak signala prilikom primjene specifičnog antitoksina za BoNT/A dodatno potvrđuje mogućnost trans-sinaptičkog prijenosa, budući da antitoksin neutralizira samo izvanstanični BoNT/A. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose razumijevanju složenog središnjeg mehanizma djelovanja na bol, ali ukazuju i na moguće rizike s obzirom na distribuciju toksina na udaljena mjesta, što je potrebno dodatno istražiti.Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A), although one of the most potent known toxins, has held an important place in the treatment of various conditions for decades, ranging from muscle dystonias to chronic pain. Its antinociceptive effect has become increasingly prominent, particularly in the context of neuropathic pain and chronic migraine, for which BoNT/A has already been approved as a therapeutic agent. This study analyzes the distribution of BoNT/A within the central nervous system following its peripheral administration into the hind paw of rats. Using immunohistochemistry, a signal of cleaved SNAP-25 protein was detected, serving as an indirect marker of BoNT/A’s proteolytic activity. The signal was observed in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the locus coeruleus (LC), regions known for their crucial role in supraspinal pain modulation. These findings suggest that BoNT/A, after peripheral administration, reaches the spinal level via retrograde axonal transport and may subsequently be transmitted trans-synaptically to higher, supraspinal structures. A reduction in signal intensity following the application of a specific BoNT/A antitoxin further supports the possibility of trans-synaptic transmission, as the antitoxin neutralizes only extracellular BoNT/A. The obtained results contribute to the understanding of the complex central mechanism of action on pain, but also indicate potential risks regarding the distribution of the toxin to distant sites, which requires further investigation
The influence of emotional appeals in advertisements on social media on attracting donations
No full textNeprofitnim organizacijama nije cilj ostvarenje profita već ostvarenje općeg dobra, a za ostvarenje općeg dobra to jest ciljeva i misija, neprofitnim organizacijama su potrebna sredstva u obliku financija, volontera i proizvoda. Kako bi skupile ta sredstva, organizacije moraju primijeniti razne marketinške metode, a najdjelotvornije je oglašavanje putem društvenih medija korištenjem emocionalnih apela. Emocionalni apeli stvaraju osjećaj hitnosti za promjenom te su dizajnirani da kreiraju emocionalni odgovor na poruke prikazane emocionalnim sadržajem. U ovom radu istražuje se utjecaj emocionalnih apela u oglasima na društvenim medijima na namjeru doniranja kroz dvije ankete od kojih jedna prikazuje apel na tugu, a druga apel na ljutnju. Istraživanje je provedeno na 202 ispitanika putem anketnih upitnika u kojima se ispitivala izazvana emocija, jačina osjećaja tuge i ljutnje, namjera doniranja i visina iznosa donacije. Statističkom analizom utvrdilo se da i apel na tugu i apel na ljutnju izazivaju jake osjećaje, no unatoč tome, nije pronađena značajna razlika u namjeri doniranja između navedena dva apela.The goal of non-profit organizations is not the realization of profit, but the realization of the common good, and for the realization of the common good, that is, goals and missions, non-profit organizations need funds in the form of finances, volunteers and products. In order to raise these funds, organizations must apply various marketing methods, the most effective of which is social media advertising using emotional appeals. Emotional appeals create a sense of urgency for change and are designed to create an emotional response to messages presented with emotional content. This thesis investigates the influence of emotional appeals in social media ads and the intention to donate through two surveys, one of which shows sadness appeal, and the other anger appeal. The research was conducted on 202 respondents through questionnaires in which evoked emotions, the strength of feelings of sadness and anger, the intention to donate and the amount of the donation were examined. Through statistical analysis, it was determined that both the appeal to sadness and the appeal to anger evoke strong feelings, but despite this, no significant difference was found in the intention to donate between the two appeals
AI-based business process automation
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu umjetne inteligencije u automatizaciji poslovnih
procesa malih i srednjih poduzeća, s posebnim naglaskom na praktičnu primjenu AI alata u
stvarnim poslovnim okruženjima. Kroz dvije studije slučaja – razvoj AI chatbota za
korisničku podršku u sektoru elektromobilnosti i automatizaciju procesa izrade ponuda za
kongresna putovanja u turističkoj agenciji – prikazano je kako napredne tehnologije mogu
poboljšati operativnu učinkovitost, smanjiti vrijeme obrade te povećati skalabilnost usluga.
Rad se temelji na korištenju alata koji omogućuju brzo i fleksibilno razvijanje rješenja bez
potrebe za klasičnim programiranjem, čime se otvara mogućnost šire primjene i u manje
tehnološki razvijenim poduzećima. Analizirane su ključne komponente sustava: strukturirano
prikupljanje podataka, korištenje jezičnih modela za analizu i generiranje teksta, kao i
integracija s vanjskim API servisima (npr. za letove, smještaj, transfere).
Rezultati pokazuju konkretne prednosti primjene ovakvih rješenja - značajna ušteda vremena,
smanjenje potrebe za ručnim radom, povećanje preciznosti i poboljšano korisničko iskustvo.
Uz prednosti, identificirani su i izazovi poput tehničke kompleksnosti, problema s
dostupnošću API-jeva i potrebe za dodatnim iteracijama u implementaciji.
Zaključno, rad potvrđuje potencijal AI automatizacije u digitalnoj transformaciji poslovanja
malih i srednjih poduzeća.This thesis explores the application of artificial intelligence in the automation of business
processes within small and medium-sized enterprises, with a particular focus on the practical
use of AI tools in real business environments. Through two case studies – the development of
an AI chatbot for customer support in the electromobility sector and the automation of proposal
generation for congress travel in a travel agency – the thesis demonstrates how advanced
technologies can improve operational efficiency, reduce processing time, and increase service
scalability.
The work is based on the use of no-code and low-code platforms, which enable fast and flexible
development without the need for traditional programming. This approach makes such
technologies accessible even to companies with limited technological capabilities. Key
components of the system are analyzed: structured data collection, the use of language models
for analysis and text generation, and integration with external API services (e.g., flights,
accommodation, transfers).
The results show clear advantages of applying such solutions – significant time savings, reduced
manual workload, improved accuracy, and enhanced user experience. In addition to the
benefits, the thesis also identifies challenges such as technical complexity, limited access to
certain APIs, and the need for further development and iterations during implementation.
In conclusion, the thesis confirms the potential of AI-powered automation in the digital
transformation of small and medium-sized businesses
Modular design system with room configuration support for prefabricated construction
No full textU ovom je diplomskom radu istražen razvoj modularne i parametarski konfigurabilne prostorije
za prefabriciranu gradnju, uz primjenu računalnog programa SolidWorks 2020 za izradu
popratnog 3D modela. U kontekstu sve većih zahtjeva za bržom i učinkovitijom izgradnjom,
prefabricirana gradnja predstavlja moderan pristup koji omogućuje serijsku proizvodnju
građevinskih modula u kontroliranim tvorničkim uvjetima, čime se znatno smanjuje vrijeme
izgradnje i negativni utjecaj vanjskih čimbenika.
U radu su analizirana temeljna načela modularnog konstruiranja, kao i prednosti koje proizlaze
iz primjene standardizacije i modularizacije u građevinskoj industriji. Na primjeru koncepta
prefabricirane kupaonice, detaljno je opisan postupak modularizacije konstrukcije i opreme, a
koje se pojavljuju u dvije osnovne konfiguracije: prvoj koja je kompaktnija i jednostavnija te
drugoj koja je prostranija, ali složenija. Obje konfiguracije omogućuju korisniku prilagodbu
različitih elemenata, kao što su pozicija vrata i prozora, dimenzije prostora za tuširanje,
prisutnost niše, boje i dimenzije pločica te vrsta i oblik sanitarnih elemenata.
U središnjem dijelu rada opisan je razvoj računalnog (parametarskog) modela prefabricirane
kupaonice. Parametrizacija modela omogućuje jednostavnu izmjenu geometrije prefabricirane
prostorije promjenom vrijednosti varijabli, čime se generira velik broj varijanti bez potrebe za
ponovnim modeliranjem. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na izradu korisničkog sučelja koje
omogućuje intuitivnu konfiguraciju modela prema zadanim zahtjevima.
U završnom dijelu rada provedena je analiza učinkovitosti razvijenog sustava te su predložene
mogućnosti daljnjih poboljšanja. Rad pruža smjernice za razvoj sličnih konfigurabilnih sustava
i ističe potencijal parametarskog konstruiranja kao alata za modernizaciju građevinske
industrije i srodnih sektora, u kojima je važna fleksibilnost, učinkovitost i serijska prilagodba
proizvoda krajnjim korisnicima.This thesis explores the development of modular and parametrically configurable rooms for
prefabricated construction, with the application of the SolidWorks 2020 computer program for
the creation of an accompanying 3D model. In the context of increasing demands for faster and
more efficient construction, prefabricated construction is a modern approach that enables serial
production of building modules in controlled factory conditions, which significantly reduces
construction time and the negative impact of external factors.
The paper analyses the basic principles of modular design, as well as the advantages arising
from the application of standardization and modularization in the construction industry. On the
example of the concept of a prefabricated bathroom, the process of modularization of the
structure and equipment is described in detail, which appear in two basic configurations: the
first, which is simpler and more compact, and the second, which is more spacious, but more
complex. Both configurations allow the user to customize various elements, such as door and
window position, shower dimensions, the presence of a niche, colour and dimension of tiles,
and the type and shape of sanitary items.
In the central part of the paper, the development of a computer (parametric) model of a
prefabricated bathroom is described. Parameterization of the model allows easy modification
of the geometry of the prefabricated room by changing the values of the variables, thus
generating a large number of variants without the need for remodelling. Special emphasis is
placed on the creation of a user interface that allows intuitive configuration of the model
according to the given requirements.
In the final part of the paper, an analysis of the efficiency of the developed system was carried
out and possibilities for further improvements were proposed. The paper provides guidelines
for the development of similar configurable systems and highlights the potential of parametric
design as a tool for the modernization of the construction industry and related sectors, in which
flexibility, efficiency and serial adaptation of products to end users are important
The impact of digitalization on the security of financial data in accounting
No full textDigitalizacija je transformirala računovodstvenu profesiju uvođenjem naprednih softverskih rješenja, automatiziranih procesa i pohrane podataka u digitalnom obliku. Iako digitalna transformacija donosi brojne prednosti poput veće učinkovitosti, preciznosti i dostupnosti informacija, ona istovremeno otvara prostor za nove sigurnosne izazove. Financijski podaci, kao osjetljiv i ključan resurs svake organizacije, izloženi su rizicima poput kibernetičkih napada, neovlaštenog pristupa i gubitka integriteta. U radu se analizira kako digitalizacija utječe na sigurnost financijskih informacija, koje tehnologije i softverska rješenja doprinose zaštiti podataka te koja je uloga računovodstvenih stručnjaka u uspostavljanju sigurnosne prakse. Također se razmatraju regulatorni okviri poput GDPR-a i nacionalnih propisa te se naglašava važnost kombinacije tehnoloških, organizacijskih i pravnih mjera za cjelovitu zaštitu podataka u digitalnom okruženju.Digitalization has transformed the accounting profession through the introduction of advanced software solutions, automated processes, and the digital storage of data. While digital transformation offers numerous advantages such as increased efficiency, accuracy, and information accessibility, it also introduces new security challenges. Financial data, as a sensitive and critical resource for any organization, is exposed to risks such as cyberattacks, unauthorized access, and loss of data integrity. This paper analyzes the impact of digitalization on the security of financial information, explores the technologies and software solutions that contribute to data protection, and highlights the role of accounting professionals in establishing effective security practices. Furthermore, it discusses regulatory frameworks such as the GDPR and national legislation, emphasizing the importance of combining technological, organizational, and legal measures for comprehensive data protection in a digital environment
Quality management systems
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu je opisan povijesni razvoj kvalitete od kontrole kvalitete do Kvalitete 4.0. Ujedno su nabrojani i opisani temeljni tradicionalni i suvremeni alati na području kvalitete od kojih su neki i korišteni u primijenjenom dijelu rada.
U radu je dan primjer praktične implementacije tradicionalne Lean Six Sigma metodologije upravljanja kvalitetom na proizvodnoj liniji poduzeća Kraš d.d. Za sustav kvalitete odabrane proizvodne linije dana su preporučena poboljšanja bazirana na tradicionalnim alatima i metodama uz dodatne smjernice za bolju prilagodbu Kvaliteti 4.0, tj. Industriji 4.0.This master thesis describes the historical development of quality from quality control to Quality 4.0. At the same time, the traditional and modern tools in the field of quality are listed and described, some of which were used in the applied part of the paper.
The paper gives an example of practical implementation of the traditional Lean Six Sigma quality management methodology on the production line of Kraš d.d.. Improvements based on traditional tools and methods are recommended for the quality system of the selected product line, with additional guidelines for better adaptation to Quality 4.0, ie Industry 4.0
Evaluation of the rosemery extract effect on the thermal properties of polyethylene oxide based composite material : diploma thesis
No full textPoli(etilen-oksid) (PEO) je vodotopljiv, netoksičan i biokompatibilan polimer s velikim potencijalnom primjene u mnogim granama industrijama. Kako bi mu se proširila primjena, neka svojstva je potrebno poboljšati dodavanjem aditiva. Dodatak prirodnih aditiva, poput ekstrakta ružmarina (ER), predstavlja strategiju za poboljšanje strukturnih, toplinskih, mehaničkih i biorazgradljivih svojstava. Cilj ovog rada je pripremiti kompozite PEO/ER ekstruzijom, istražiti utjecaj dodatka ER na strukturu PEO primjenom infracrvene spektroskopije sa Fourierovom transformacijom, zaključiti o utjecaju dodatka ER na toplinska svojstva PEO pomoću diferencijalne pretražne kalorimetrije (DSC) i temeljem termogravimetrijske analize (TGA) zaključiti o utjecaju dodatka ER na toplinsku postojanost PEO. Ovakvo istraživanje omogućava dublje razumijevanje utjecaja ER na svojstva PEO, što je ključno za razvoj novih materijala s unaprijeđenim svojstvima.Poly(ethylene-oxide) (PEO) is water-soluble, non-toxic and biocompatible polymer with great potential for various industries. In order to expand its application, some properties needs to be enhanced by adding additives. Adding natural additives such as rosemary extract (ER), represents a strategy for improving structural, thermal, mechanical and biodegradable properties. The aim of this study is to prepare PEO/ER composite by hot-melt extrusion, investigate the influence of ER addition on the structure of PEO using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), conclude about the effect of ER addition on thermal properties of PEO using differential scanning spectroscopy (DSC) and based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) estimate the effect of ER addition on thermal stability of PEO. This research enables a deeper understanding of the impact of ER on PEO properties, which is crucial for the devolopment of new materials with improved properties