Repository of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
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Integration of Digital Tools in Mathematics Education at the Primary School
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu digitalnih alata u nastavi matematike s ciljem poboljšanja kvalitete obrazovanja i motivacije učenika. Prikazani su suvremeni alati i konkretni modeli izrađeni u matematičkim programima, s posebnim fokusom na primjenu GeoGebre u podučavanju sukladnosti trokuta radi boljeg razumijevanja matematičkih pojmova. Provedena anketa među učenicima viših razreda osnovne škole pokazala je pozitivan utjecaj digitalnih alata na motivaciju, razumijevanje gradiva i povezivanje teorije s praksom. Rezultati naglašavaju važnost njihove integracije u nastavni proces te nude smjernice za učinkovitiju primjenu u školama. Zaključak rada ističe da pravilna upotreba digitalnih alata doprinosi boljim rezultatima i razvoju pozitivnog stava prema matematici, potičući interes i uspjeh učenika.The study explores the application of digital tools in mathematics education with the goal of enhancing the quality of teaching and student motivation. It high lights modern tools and specific models developed using mathematical software, focusing particularly on GeoGebra’s role in teaching triangle congruence to improve the understanding of mathematical concepts. A survey conducted among upper primary school students revealed a positive effect of digital tools on motivation, comprehension of the material, and the connection between theory and practice. The findings underline the importance of integrating these tools into the educational process and offer recommendations for their more effective use in schools. The conclusion emphasizes that proper implementation of digital tools supports better academicperformanceandfostersapositiveattitudetowardsmathematics, encouraging student interest and success
Maintaining the stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes
No full textCilj istraživanja: Usporediti ortodontsku praksu, stavove i znanje o retencijskim postupcima između specijalista ortodoncije Hrvatske, Sjeverne Makedonije i Kosova.
Nacrt studije: Presječno istaživanje
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 185 ortodonata iz Hrvatske, 150 iz Sjeverne Makedonije i 125 iz Kosova. Anketom je prikupljeno 138 odgovora iz Hrvatske, 95 iz Sjeverne Makedonije te 73 iz Kosova. Anketni upitnici poslani su e-mail-om ili predani osobno.
Rezultati: Studija je analizirala retencijske protokole ortodonata u Hrvatskoj, na Kosovu i u Sjevernoj Makedoniji. Značajne razlike uočene su kod Hrvata koji preferiraju vakuumski-oblikovanu retencijsku napravu, Kosovari kombinaciju fiksnih i mobilnih naprava, a Makedonci vakuumski-oblikovanu retencijsku napravu te nakon toga akrilatnu retencijsku ploču. Kosovari su češće zakazivali kontrole i mijenjali protokole, dok su Hrvati češće davali pisane upute pacijentima. Malokluzija i konačan rezultat terapije glavni su razlozi odabira određene retencijske naprave kod Hrvata i Makedonaca, dok Kosovari biraju prema dobi i motivaciji pacijenta. Vlastito kliničko iskustvo glavnim je odabirom određene retencijske naprave u svim državama, a također većina ortodonata iz svih triju država smatra kako su potrebne opće smjernice za retencijsku fazu terapije.
Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati govore kako postoje značajne razlike u retencijskim protokolima među ortodontima iz Hrvatske, Sjeverne Makedonije i Kosova.Objectives: To compare orthodontic practices, attitudes, and knowledge regarding retention procedures among orthodontic specialists from Croatia, North Macedonia, and Kosovo.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Participants and Methods: The study included 185 orthodontists from Croatia, 150 from North Macedonia, and 125 from Kosovo. A total of 138 responses were collected from Croatia, 95 from North Macedonia, and 73 from Kosovo through a questionnaire distributed via email or delivered in person.
Results: The study analyzed orthodontic retention protocols in Croatia, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. Significant differences were observed: Croatian orthodontists most commonly preferred vacuum-formed retainers; Kosovar orthodontists favored a combination of fixed and removable retainers; and Macedonian orthodontists typically used vacuum-formed retainers followed by acrylic retention plates. Kosovar orthodontists were more likely to schedule follow-up appointments and adjust protocols, whereas their Croatian counterparts more frequently provided written instructions to patients. The main factors influencing the choice of retainer were malocclusion and the final treatment outcome for Croatian and Macedonian orthodontists, while Kosovars based their decisions more on the patient's age and motivation. Across all three countries, personal clinical experience was the primary factor in choosing a specific type of retainer. Additionally, most orthodontists agreed that general guidelines for the retention phase of therapy are needed
Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that there are significant differences in retention protocols among orthodontists from Croatia, North Macedonia, and Kosovo
Student's Misconceptions in Mathematics Teaching
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu bavit ćemo se zabludama učenika u osnovnoškolskoj i srednjoškolskoj matematici. Navest ćemo tipične zablude u aritmetici, algebri, geometriji, trigonometriji i funkcijama. Dotaknut ćemo se i određenih područja kao što su razlomci, omjeri i proporcije i postotci. Za svaku zabludu prikazati ćemo pogrešno shvaćanje, kao i točno rješenje te ponuditi prijedlog kako razriješiti te zablude kod učenika. U drugom poglavlju ovog rada analizirat ćemo istraživanje provedeno s učenicima srednje škole, a vezano uz tipične zablude iz matematike.In this thesis, we will deal with students’ misconceptions in elementary and high school mathematics. We will list typical misconceptions in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and functions. We will also touch on specific areas such as fractions, ratios and proportions and percentages. For each misconception, we will showthemisconception, as well as the correct solution, and offer suggestions onhowtoresolvethese misconceptions among students. In the second chapter of this paper, we will analyze a research conducted with secondary school students, related to typical misconceptions in mathematics
Interactions of systemic drugs with local anesthetics
No full textCilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati znanje studenata 4., 5. i 6. godine studija dentalne medicine o interakcijama sustavnih lijekova s lokalnim anesteticima.
Nacrt studije: Presječno istraživanje.
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je uključilo 63 studenta, od kojih su 20 mladići i 43 djevojke. Raspon dobi bio je od 21 do 29 godina. Na 4. godini studija sudjelovalo je 20 ispitanika, na 5. godini 17 te na 6. godini studija 26 ispitanika. Anketni je upitnik od 21 pitanja izrađen za potrebe ovoga istraživanja i proveden putem Google obrasca.
Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali značajnu razinu znanja studenata. Najveći je broj ispitanika prepoznao osnovnu funkciju lokalnih anestetika u smanjenju boli (92,1 %), dok je 82.5 % točno identificiralo da lokalni anestetici mogu imati i farmakokinetičke i farmakodinamičke interakcije. Većina je ispitanika (63.5 %) znala da kombinacija bupivakaina i verapamila može izazvati bradikardiju i hipotenziju, a njih 60.3 % točno je povezalo kokain s pojačanim otpuštanjem noradrenalina. Rezultati ukazuju na porast razine znanja s napredovanjem kroz studijske godine.
Zaključak: Studenti završnih godina studija dentalne medicine posjeduju odgovarajuće znanje o lokalnim anesteticima i njihovim interakcijama sa sustavnim lijekovima, kao i o najvažnijim kliničkim aspektima farmakoloških interakcija. Razina znanja raste proporcionalno višim godinama studija i posebno se odnosi na poznavanje složenijih interakcija među učestalijim sustavnim lijekovima. To upućuje da postoji prostor za edukaciji o poznavanju interakcija čime bi se dodatno osigurala sigurnost pacijenata u kliničkom radu.Research objective: The aim of this research was to assess the knowledge of students of the 4th, 5th and 6th year of dental medicine study about the interactions of systemic drugs with local anesthetics.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Subjects and methods: The study included 63 students, of whom 20 were male and 43 were female. The age range of the participants was 21-29 years. The sample consisted of 20 fourth- year, 17 fifth-year, and 26 sixth-year students. A 21-question survey was specifically designed for this study and administered via Google Forms.
Results: The results showed a significant level of knowledge among the participants. The largest number of respondents recognized the primary function of local anesthetics in pain reduction (92.1 %), and 82.5 % correctly identified that local anesthetics can have both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. A majority of respondents (63.5 %) were aware that a combination of bupivacaine and verapamil can cause bradycardia and hypotension, while 60.3 % correctly associated cocaine with increased norepinephrine release. The results indicate an increase in the level of knowledge as students progress through the years of study.
Conclusion: Senior dental medicine students posess adequate knowledge about local anesthetics and their interactions with systemic drugs, as well as about key clinical aspects of pharmacological interactions. The level of knowledge increases with the year of study, especially regarding more complex interactions involving common systemic drugs. This indicates that there is room for further education on drug interactions to enhance patient safety in clinical practice
AI Tools in Informatics Education
No full textKroz ovaj rad istražuju se mogućnosti primjene umjetne inteligencije (UI) u obrazovanju, uz osvrt na prednosti, ali i etičke izazove koje njezin razvoj i primjena donose. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na utjecaj UI alata na unapređenje nastavnih procesa, individualizaciju učenja te razvoj digitalnih i kritičkih kompetencija kod učenika. Umjetna inteligencija sve više postaje važan alat u suvremenom obrazovnomokruženju, nudeći brojne mogućnosti za podršku učiteljima i učenicima. U okviru tog šireg konteksta, rad se usmjerava na primjenu UI alata u nastavi informatike u osnovnim i srednjim školama. Cilj rada je doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju uloge umjetne inteligencije u razvoju suvremene nastave informatike. Ovaj rad ima za cilj istaknuti praktične mogućnosti korištenja UI alata u svrhu ostvarivanja kurikulumskih ishoda te poticanja aktivnog i prilagođenog učenja. U završnom dijelu rada predstavljeno je istraživanje provedeno među srednjoškolskim učenicima s ciljem ispitivanja njihovih stavova i iskustava vezanih uz korištenje UI alata u obrazovanju.This paper explores the potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, addressing both its benefits and the ethical challenges associated with its development and use. Special attention is given to the impact of AI tools on enhancing teaching methods, personalizing learning experiences, and fostering students’ digital and critical competencies. AI is increasingly becoming a vital resource in modern educational settings, providing numerous opportunities to supportbothteachersandlearners. Withinthisbroaderframework,thepaperfocuses specifically on the use of AI tools in informatics education at the primary and secondary school levels. The objective of this study is to deepen the understanding of AI’s role in shaping contemporary informatics education. It aims to showcase practical ways in which AI tools can be utilized to achieve curriculum goals and encourage active, individualized learning. The concluding section presents the findings of a study conducted among secondary school students, investigating their attitudes and experiences regarding the use of AI tools in education
LAGRANGE POINTS AS SPACECRAFT PARKING SPOTS
No full textLagrangeove točke označuju položaje u sustavu dvaju masivnih tijela gdje treće tijelo, znatno manje mase, može ostati u ravnoteži u korotirajućem referentnom sustavu. U uvodnom dijelu ovog rada daje se pregled važnosti i povijesti proučavanja ovih točaka, s naglaskom na konkretne svemirske misije na L-točke sustava Sunce-Zemlja. Nadalje je dan teorijski i matematički opis Lagrangeovih točaka, uključujući i analizu njihove stabilnosti. Dana je simulacija, implementirana u programskom jeziku Python, koja određuje svih pet Lagrangeovih točaka za različite planetarne sustave, računajući efektivni potencijal u korotirajućem referentnom sustavu. Cilj rada je pružiti sveobuhvatan uvid u fizikalne i matematičke osnove ovih točaka te istaknuti njihovu važnost u suvremenoj astrodinamici.Lagrange points represent positions in a system of two massive bodies where a third body, of significantly smaller mass, can remain in equilibrium within a co-rotating reference frame. The introductory section of this thesis provides an overview of the importance and historical context of studying these points, with particular emphasis on specific space missions to the L-points of the Sun-Earth system. A theoretical and mathematical description of the Lagrange points is then presented, including an analysis of their stability. A simulation implemented in the Python programming language is provided, which determines all five Lagrange points for various planetary systems by computing the effective potential in the corotating reference frame. The aim of this thesis is to offer a comprehensive insight into the physical and mathematical foundations of these points and to highlight their significance in contemporary astrodynamics
Ethical and moral dilemmas regarding the hydration and feeding of the palliative patient
No full textCilj: Ispitati mišljenje studenata o etičkim i moralnim dilemama vezanim uz hidraciju i hranjenje u palijativnoj skrbi te usporediti odgovore s obzirom na dob, spol, radni staž, iskustvo rada s palijativnim bolesnicima i godinu studija.
Nacrt studije: presječno istraživanje
Ispitanici i metode: ispitanike su činili studenti sestrinstva Fakulteta za dentalnu medicinu i zdravstvo Osijek. Metoda ispitivanja bio je anketni upitnik kreiran na temelju iščitane literature.
Rezultati: rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na visoku razinu svijesti među studentima o važnosti etičkih i moralnih dilema u palijativnoj skrbi, ali i na određene razlike u znanju i stavovima ovisno o dobi, spolu, iskustvu i radnom stažu. Žene i mlađi ispitanici skloniji su podržati autonomiju pacijenata, dok stariji i iskusniji ispitanici više naglašavaju praktične izazove u donošenju odluka.
Zaključak: rezultati istraživanja sugeriraju potrebu za daljnjom edukacijom, posebno u pogledu etičkih smjernica i multidisciplinarnoga pristupa pri donošenju odluka u palijativnoj skrbi.Objective: To examine students’ opinions on ethical and moral dilemmas related to hydration and nutrition in palliative care, and to compare responses based on age, gender, work experience, experience in collaborating with palliative patients, and year of study.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Respondents and Methods: The respondents were nursing students from the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. The research method was a questionnaire created based on a review of relevant literature.
Results: The research results indicate a high level of awareness among students regarding the importance of ethical and moral dilemmas in palliative care, as well as certain differences in knowledge and attitudes depending on age, gender, experience, and length of service. Female and younger respondents were more inclined to support patient autonomy, while older and more experienced respondents emphasized the practical challenges in decision-making.
Conclusion: The research results suggest a need for further education, particularly concerning ethical guidelines and a multidisciplinary approach to decision-making in palliative care
Stohastic Processes in Reliability Theory
No full textU ovom radu obrađena je teorija pouzdanosti kroz analizu temeljnih matematičkih modela i distribucija koje se koriste u procjeni i modeliranju kvarova sustava. Obradili smo osnovne funkcije i mjere pouzdanosti, poput funkcije pouzdanosti, funkcije stope kvara i očekivanog vremena do kvara. Zatim smo obradili procese brojanja. Obrađeni suklasični i alternirajući procesi obnavljanja, uključujući funkciju i gustoću obnavljanja te pojam dostupnosti sustava. Nadalje, analizirani su homogeni i nehomogeni Poissonovi procesi kao osnovni modeli kvarova. Dotaknuli smo se i Markovljevih lanaca u neprekidnom vremenu. Kroz ovo poglavlje daje se matematički temelj za modeliranje performansi i pouzdanosti složenijih sustava.This paper explores reliability theory through the analysis of fundamental mathematical models and distributions used in the assessment and modeling of system failures. We examined the basic functions and measures of reliability, such as the reliability function, the failure rate function, and the expected time to failure. Next, we addressed counting processes. Classical and alternating renewal processes were discussed, including the renewal function and density, as well as the concept of system availability. Furthermore, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous Poisson processes were analyzed as fundamental models of failure occurrences. Wealsotoucheduponcontinuous-timeMarkovchains. Thischapter provides the mathematical foundation for modeling the performance and reliability of more complex systems
Presentation of the fourth and fifth cycles of the National program for early detection of colon cancer
No full textCILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Prikazati i usporediti odaziv stanovništva Brodsko-posavske županije na četvrti i peti ciklus Nacionalnog programa za rano otkrivanje raka debelog crijeva.
NACRT STUDIJE: Istraživanje je provedeno kao presječno istraživanje s prigodnim uzorkom.
ISPITANICI I METODE: U istraživanju su sudjelovali stanovnici Brodsko-posavske županije u vremenskom razdoblju tijekom 2019. i 2021. Nastavni zavod za javno zdravstvo Brodsko-posavske županije dozvolio je korištenje podataka o odazivu stanovništva na Nacionalni program za rano otkrivanje raka debelog crijeva. Statistička obrada podataka učinjena je programskim paketom STATISTICA 11.0. za Windows, verzija 14.0.1., Palo Alto, CA, TIBCO Software Inc; 2012. Rezultati su prikazani opisno.
REZULTATI: Postotak odazvanih nizak je, uglavnom ispod 30% u oba ciklusa, što ukazuje na slab interes za preventivne preglede. Međutim, u 5. ciklusu primjećuje se značajan porast odaziva kod pojedinih godišta. Ukupan udio pozitivnih nalaza na okultno krvarenje za 4. ciklus je 1,6% dok je za 5. ciklus znatno manji; 0,8%. Od ukupnog broja pozvanih, u 4. ciklusu na probir za rano otkrivanje raka debelog crijeva nije se odazvalo 75% pozvanih osoba dok se u 5. ciklusu od ukupnog broja pozvanih nije odazvalo 70%.
ZAKLJUČAK: Odaziv na oba ciklusa Nacionalnog probira za rano otkrivanje raka debelog crijeva u Brodsko-posavskoj županiji nizak je. Promatrajući dva ciklusa iz rezultata se može vidjeti da se neodaziv u 5. ciklusu smanjio. Razlog tome mogu biti medijske kampanje u koje su se uključile i poznate osobe u promociju Nacionalnog programa za rak debelog crijeva.THE RESEARCH AIM: To present and compare the response rate of the population of Brodsko-Posavska County to the fourth and fifth cycles of the National Program for Early Detection of Colon Cancer.
STUDY DRAFT: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study with a convenient sample.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Residents of Brodsko-Posavska County participated in the research during the period of 2019 and 2021. The Croatian Institute of Public Health of Brodsko-Posavska County allowed the use of data on the response rate of the population to the National Program for Early Detection of Colon Cancer. Statistical data processing was performed using STATISTICA 11.0 software package for Windows, version 14.0.1., Palo Alto, CA, TIBCO Software Inc; 2012. The results are presented descriptively.
RESULTS: The percentage of respondents is low, mostly below 30% in both cycles, which indicates a low interest in preventive examinations. However, in the 5th cycle, a significant increase in response rates is observed in certain age groups. In the 4th cycle, the percentage of samples obtained was 73%, while in the 5th cycle it increased to 79%, which shows an improvement in the quality of the collected samples and better cooperation of the participants who responded to the examination. The total share of positive findings to occult bleeding for the 4th cycle is 1.6%, while for the 5th cycle it is significantly lower; 0.8%. More than 75% of people did not respond to calls for early detection of colon cancer in Brodsko-Posavska County in the 4th cycle, while in the 5th cycle the percentage of non-response decreased to 70%.
CONCLUSION: Response to both cycles of the National Screening for Early Detection of Colon Cancer in Brodsko-Posavska County is low. The share of positive findings is in most cases higher in the fourth compared to the fifth cycle. The most common reasons for non-response among residents of Brodsko-Posavina County to the National Screening for Early Detection of Colon Cancer are temporary unavailability, incorrect addresses, colonoscopy findings in the last 24 months, and disagreement with testing
Representation of risk factors in patients with epicardial artery lesions
No full textUvod: Kardiovaskularne bolesti nastaju uslijed kombinacije različitih čimbenika rizika, među kojima se ističu hipertenzija, šećerna bolest, povišen kolesterol, pretilost, pušenje i genetska predispozicija. Procjena njihove povezanosti s prisutnošću lezija epikardijalnih arterija važna je za ciljanje prevencije i liječenja.
Cilj istraživanja: Ispitati koja kombinacija čimbenika rizika utječe na prisutnost lezija epikardijalnih arterija, s naglaskom na dob, spol, obiteljski status, izobrazbu, ekonomski status, pušenje, dijabetes i kolesterol.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 150 bolesnika upućenih na koronarografiju. Prikupljeni su podaci o njihovim sociodemografskim i kliničkim karakteristikama te nalazima koronarografije. Analiza je provedena korištenjem deskriptivne statistike, hi-kvadrat testa i Fisher-Freeman-Haltonova egzaktnog testa, uz razinu značajnosti p<0,05.
Rezultati: Značajna suženja epikardijalnih arterija i/ili kronična totalna okluzija zabilježeni su kod 56% ispitanika. Najzastupljeniji čimbenici rizika bili su hipertenzija (80%), povišeni kolesterol (70,7%), pretilost (81,3%) i pozitivna obiteljska anamneza (56%). Statistički značajna povezanost s nalazima koronarografije utvrđena je samo za pušenje (p=0,032) i radni status (p=0,003), dok povezanost s dobi, spolom, izobrazbom, dijabetesom i kolesterolom nije bila značajna.
Zaključak: Unatoč visokoj prevalenciji klasičnih čimbenika rizika među bolesnicima, statistički značajnu povezanost s prisutnošću lezija epikardijalnih arterija pokazali su isključivo pušenje i ekonomski (radni) status. Ovi rezultati ističu važnost ciljane prevencije, osobito u kontekstu odvikavanja od pušenja i očuvanja radne sposobnosti, ali i potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima s većim brojem ispitanika i naprednijim analitičkim modelima za preciznije razumijevanje međudjelovanja rizičnih čimbenika.Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases arise due to a combination of various risk factors, among which hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, and genetic predisposition stand out. Assessing their association with the presence of epicardial artery lesions is important for targeting prevention and treatment."
Objectives: To determine which combination of risk factors contributes most significantly to the presence of epicardial artery lesions, with particular focus on age, gender, family history, education, economic status, smoking, diabetes, and cholesterol levels.
Participants and methods: The study included 150 patients referred for coronary angiography. Data were collected on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as angiographic findings. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test were used for analysis, with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: Significant epicardial artery stenosis and/or chronic total occlusion were observed in 56% of patients. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (80%), elevated cholesterol (70.7%), obesity (81.3%), and positive family history (56%). Only smoking (p=0.032) and employment status (p=0.003) showed statistically significant associations with angiographic findings. No significant association was found for age, sex, education, diabetes, or cholesterol.
Conclusion: Despite a high prevalence of classical risk factors among patients, only smoking and economic (employment) status showed a statistically significant correlation with the presence of epicardial artery lesions. These findings highlight the importance of targeted prevention efforts, particularly smoking cessation and support for maintaining work ability, as well as the need for further research with larger cohorts and advanced analytical methods to better understand the interplay of risk factors