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Analiza pogodnosti konvolucijske neuronske mreže u prepoznavanju prometnih znakova
No full textPrometni znakovi predstavljaju tehničke elemente za upravljanje prometnim tokovima, odnosno za upravljanje kretanjem vozila po mrežama prometnica te su osnovni alat za komunikaciju između nadređene zakonske regulative koja ima za cilj brinuti se za održavanje sigurnosti u prometu i svih sudionika u prometu. Postavljanjem odgovarajućih prometnih znakova na određenim dionicama ceste, povećava se sigurnost sudionika jer isti dobivaju niz informacija o prometnim uvjetima na dionici ceste na kojoj se nalaze. Razvojem ICT (eng. Information and communications technology) tehnologija u posljednjem desetljeću kao i sve većom pristupačnošću novih tehnoloških rješenja a zbog pada cijena, kontinuirano se poboljšavaju postojeća rješenja iz područja upravljanja prometom i održavanjem prometne infrastrukture. Posebno se čine napori u smjeru automatizirane identifikacije prometnih znakova na prometnicama s ciljem uspostave centralizirane baze cestovnih podataka.
Konvolucijske neuronske mreže definitivno pružaju veliki potencijal u izgradnji modula za detekciju i prepoznavanje prometnih znakova kojima se opremaju „pametna“ vozila pri čemu će se znakovito povećati sigurnost osoba uključenih u promet. Proces opremanja vozila sve „inteligentnijim“ uređajima zasigurno vodi do potpune autonomnosti istih. Da je to moguće, potvrđuje i činjenica da biološki sustav prepoznavanja/interpretacije objekata to učinkovito obavlja i kako se umjetne neuronske mreže budu približavale biološkim, tako će i njihova učinkovitost dosezati potrebnu kvalitetu prepoznavanja.
Poboljšanje u razvoju prometne infrastrukture posebno je važan segment za razvoj autonomnih cestovnih vozila. Prema definiciji, autonomna cestovna vozila sposobna su raspoznati okruženje u kojem se nalaze te se u istom sigurno kretati uz vrlo malo ili bez ljudskog upravljanja. Kako trenutno još uvijek postoje određene tehnološke prepreke za razvoj potpuno autonomnih vozila, danas je uobičajeno govoriti o razinama autonomnosti vozila koja je izravno povezana s njegovom tehnološkom kompleksnošću. Današnja autonomna vozila opremljena su različitim vrstama senzora, poput LiDAR-a (eng. Light Detection and Ranging), radara, GPS-a (eng. Global Positioning System) i sličnim sustavima. Upravljački sustavi takvih vozila “razumiju“ prikupljene podatke i pomoću njih donose odgovarajuće odluke o načinu kretanja. Prikupljeni podaci mogu biti o preprekama
na koje vozilo nailazi, o vozilima koja dolaze iz suprotnog smjera, o pješacima i relevantnim prometnim znakovima, a posebice onima koji označavaju dozvoljenu brzinu na pojedinim dionicama.
Upravo je prepoznavanje prometnih znakova jedna od značajki koja se nalazi u svim klasifikacijskim razinama (level L1 do level L5) autonomnosti novih generacija vozila. Danas je uobičajeno da se podaci o npr. ograničenjima brzina dobivaju i prikazuju na upravljačkoj ploči vozila putem GPS-navigacijskog sustava. Na temelju geografske lokacije na kojoj se vozilo trenutno nalazi, iz centralne baze podataka “povlači“ se i prikazuje podatak o ograničenju brzine na trenutnoj dionici.
Međutim, problem nastaje kada se vozilom prolazi područjem na kojem je GPS signal slab ili je nedostupan kao npr. u tunelima. Zbog navedenog, potrebno je imati zamjenski sustav za prepoznavanje prometnih znakova.Traffic signs are technical elements created to support traffic flow management, in other words for traffic management of vehicles on road networks and are a basic tool for communication between superior legal regulations aimed at ensuring the maintenance of traffic safety and all road users. By placing appropriate traffic signs on certain sections of roads, it increases the safety of participants because they receive a range of information about the traffic conditions on sections of roads on which they are located.
With the development of ICT (Information and communications technology) technologies in the last decade, as well as the increasing availability of new technological solutions and due to falling prices, existing solutions in the field of transport and maintenance of transport infrastructure are continuously improving. In particular efforts are being made towards the automated identification of traffic signs on roads with the aim of establishing a centralized road database.
Convolutional neural networks definitely offer a great potential in building modules for detection and recognition of traffic signs that equip "smart" vehicles, which will significantly increase the safety of persons involved in traffic. The process of equipping vehicles with increasingly "intelligent" devices certainly leads to their complete autonomy. This possibility is confirmed by the fact that the biological system of object recognition / interpretation does this efficiently, and as artificial neural networks are getting closer to biological ones, their efficiency will reach the required quality of recognition.
Improving the development of transport infrastructure is a particularly important segment for the development of autonomous road vehicles. By definition, autonomous road vehicles are capable of recognizing the environment in which they are located and moving safely in it with very little or no human control. As there are still certain technological barriers to the development of fully autonomous vehicles, it is common to talk about the degrees of vehicle autonomy that is directly related to its technological complexity. Today's autonomous vehicles are equipped with various sensors, such as LiDAR, radar, GPS (Global Positioning System) and similar systems. The control systems of such vehicles "understand" the collected data and use them to make appropriate decisions about how to move. The data collected may be about obstacles encountered by the vehicle, about vehicles coming from the opposite direction, about pedestrians and relevant traffic signs and especially those indicating the permitted speed on certain sections of the road.
Recognition of traffic signs is one of the features found in all classification levels (level L1 to level L5) of autonomy of new generations of vehicles. Today, it is common that data on, for example, speed limits are obtained and displayed on the vehicle's control panel via the GPS navigation system. Based on the geographical location on which the vehicle is currently located, the data on the speed limit on the current section is "pulled" from the central database.
However, the problem arises when the vehicle passes an area where the GPS signal is weak or inaccessible, for example in tunnels. Due to the above, it is necessary to have a replacement system for traffic-sign recognition
Comparative Financial Analysis of Selected Air Transport Companies in The Republic of Croatia
No full textU radu je prikazano na poslovanje dva najveća avio-prijevoznika iz Republike Hrvatske –
Croatia Airlines d.d. te Trade Air d.o.o. Neupitno je da je kriza uzrokovana pandemijom snažno
utjecala na avio-kompanije, a pomoću financijskih izvještaja i financijskih pokazatelja
prikazana je dinamika oporavka odabranih poduzeća. Usporednom analizom došlo se do
zaključka da se poduzeće Trade Air d.o.o. puno brže oporavlja od krize te da prema svim
pokazateljima pokazuje uspješnije poslovanje. Poduzeće Croatia Airlines d.d. trebalo bi
temeljito izmijeniti svoj način poslovanja kako bi izbjeglo odlazak u stečaj. Dok je Trade Air
d.o.o. u vrijeme krize pokušavao obavljati svoju djelatnost na različite načine, Croatia Airlines
d.d. oslonio se na pomoć i poticaje iz državnog proračuna. Tako ne samo da u vrijeme krize
nije obavljana primarna djelatnost poduzeća, nego je i konkurencija istisnula poduzeće s brojnih
frekventnih linija. Croatia Airlines d.o.o. je poduzeće koje bi trebalo pronalaziti druge oblike
poslovanja osim prijevoza putnika na redovnim linijama. S obzirom na veličinu flote mogli bi
povećati količinu prijevoza tereta ili broj čarter letova. Tako bi se otvorili novi putevi
poslovanja koji bi pomogli u oporavku poduzeća.The paper shows the impact of the pandemic on the operations of the two largest Air carriers
from the Republic of Croatia - Croatia Airlines d.d. and Trade Air d.o.o. It is unquestionable
that the crisis caused by the pandemic hit Airlines hard, and financial reports and financial
indicators show the recovery dynamics of selected companies. A parallel analysis led to the
conclusion that the company Trade Air d.o.o. recovers much faster from the crisis and shows
more successful operations according to all indicators. ompany Croatia Airlines d.d. should
fundamentally change its way of doing business in order to avoid bankruptcy. While Trade Air
d.o.o. during the crisis tried to perform its activity in different ways, Croatia Airlines d.d. relied
on help and incentives from the state budget. Thus, not only was the company's primary activity
not carried out during the crisis, but the competition also squeezed the company out of
numerous frequent lines. Croatia Airlines d.o.o. is a company that should find other forms of
business besides transporting passengers on regular lines. Considering the size of the fleet, they
could increase the amount of cargo transportation or the number of charter flights. This would
open up new avenues of business that would help in the recovery of the company
Profitability of investing in private accommodation in Rogoznica
No full textU ovom se radu raspravlja i istražuje o investiranju u privatni smještaj u mjestu Rogoznica, ali se također piše i o investicijama i isplativosti investiranja te o motivima investiranja. Prema podacima Ministarstva turizma u Republici Hrvatskoj najveći udio smještaja čini privatni smještaj (Ministarstvo turizma, 2019). Privatni se smještaj tijekom godina modernizirao i postao je bitan za razvoj turizma. Popularizirao se već u vrijeme kada su ljudi u svoje domove primali razne putnike-turiste (npr. hodočasnike) i tako se razvio privatni smještaj. Kako se razvijao privatni smještaj tako se razvijao i turizam te je postao bitan u Hrvatskoj zbog prometa, trgovine, ugostiteljstva i sl. Tada se pojavljuju i nude različita investiranja kao što su investiranja u smještajne jedinice, u ugostiteljske objekte, u razna događanja i sl. Za investiranje u privatni smještaj u Rogoznici potrebno je proći kroz osnovne pokazatelje investiranja kako bi se analizirala isplativost kao što je npr. isplativost ulaganja, povrat sredstava na uloženo i dr. Svaki investitor ili ulagač treba provjeriti investicije te izračunati isplati li se investirati u određeni projekt, odnosno hoće li on za njega biti profitabilan. U ovom će radu biti prikazano istraživanje vezanu za Rogoznicu i za privatni smještaj u njoj. Analiza će pokazati isplati li se investirati u privatni smještaj u Rogoznici.The topic of this final paper is the investments in private accommodation at town of Rogoznica, as well as the investments and the cost-effectiveness of investing and the motives for investments. According to the Ministry of Tourism in the Republic of Croatia, the largest share of accommodation is private accommodation (Ministry of Tourism, 2019.). Private accommodation has been modernized over the years and it was an important part of the development of tourism. It became popular in the way that people received various tourists (e.g. pilgrims) in their homes and throughout the years this way of accommodating developed more and more. And as a result, tourism developed as well and it became important in Croatia because of traffic, trade, catering, etc. Different investments are offered, such as investments in accommodation units, catering establishments, different events, etc. In this particular case, the investment in private accommodation in Rogoznica, the emphasis is put on the fact that it is necessary to go through the basic investment indicators in order to see the profitability such as, for example, the profitability of the investment, return on investment, etc. Every investor should check whether it is worth investing for them or not and whether this will be profitable in the end.
This final paper will describe certain data related to the town of Rogoznica and private accommodation. The analysis will show whether it is worth investing in private accommodation in Rogoznica
Monitoring and analysis of Google Advertising results: a selected case study
No full textOvim završnim radom obrađena je tema oglašavanja putem digitalnog alata Google Ads. Objašnjena je njegova uloga u nekadašnjem medijskom prostoru te njegova evolucija kroz vrijeme, ulaganje i interes korisnika. Također su navedene informacije o pojedinim oglasnim kanalima koji predstavljaju sastavni dio digitalnog alata Google Ads kako bi se jasno prikazala struktura cjelokupne platforme te opravdao odabir pojedinih oglasnih kanala u studiji slučaja. S ciljem upoznavanja Google Ads alata, u radu su objašnjene mogućnosti, načini i metode korištenja sukladno zadanim poslovnim ciljevima te je prikazan rezultat korištenja alata na praktičnom primjeru studije slučaja. U studiji slučaja jasno je obrađen kompletni ciklus planiranja, pripreme, izvršenja te izvještavanja rezultata koji su postignuti putem Google Ads oglašavanja. Studija slučaja jasno prikazuje rezultate koji su postignuti naspram zadanih poslovnih ciljeva u definiranom vremenskom okviru. Kao primarni izvor podataka o kampanjama odabrano je sučelje za izvještavanje iz Google Ads alata, a kao izvor informacija o postignuću, zajedno sa metrikama koje ukazuju na uspješnost kampanja naspram definiranih ciljeva odabran je Google Analytics. Studija je jasno pokazala uspješnost kampanja i utvrdila da je oglašavanje putem digitalnog alata Google Ads marketinški i poslovno isplativo ulaganje koje nadmašuje zadane poslovne ciljeve.This final thesis deals with the topic of advertising through the digital tool Google Ads. Its role in the former media space and its evolution through time, investment and user interest are explained. The thesis covers information on various advertising channels that are a main feature of the Google Ads tool to clarify the structure of the ads eco-system and to justify the use of the tool in the case study. With the aim of getting to know the Google Ads tool, the final thesis explains the possibilities, ways and methods of using it in accordance with the given business goals, and shows the result of using the tool on a practical example of a case study. In the case study, the complete cycle of planning, preparation, execution and reporting of results achieved through Google Ads advertising is clearly addressed. The study clearly presents results achieved within the specified time-frame and in relation to business goals set. As the primary source of information, the Google Ads reporting interface has been chosen. Google Analytics, the tool used for reporting and dana analysis was chosen as the source of information for reporting on Key Performance Indicators, to showcase success of the advertising efforts against set business and media goals. The study clearly showcased campaign success and determined that Google Ads is a justified investment in both business and marketing sense, as it has achieved and surpassed set business goals
The impact of family trends on the creation, growth and development of family enterprises
No full textObiteljska poduzeća danas čine okosnicu gospodarske djelatnosti, kako u razvijenim tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Kao i druga poduzeća, obiteljska poduzeća se svakodnevno susreću sa sve većim izazovima za svoj rast i opstanak na tržištu, a uspješnost njihovog poslovanja oblikuje niz trendova i odgovora na te trendove. S obzirom na važnost obiteljskih poduzeća za cjelokupan gospodarski rast i razvoj, kao i na važnost odgovora na trendove koji definiraju i oblikuju poslovni uspjeh obiteljskih poduzeća u 21. stoljeću, korištenjem sekundarnih izvora podataka u ovom završnom radu se daju odgovori na pitanja o tome na koji način se obiteljska poduzeća razlikuju od drugih poduzeća te na koji način odgovoriti na zahtjeve tržišta i socio-demografske trendove koji utječu na stvaranje, rast i razvoj poduzeća i pojavu novih poslovnih prilika za obiteljska poduzeća.
Rast obiteljskog poduzeća treba biti imperativ svim članovima obitelji i zato je važno razumjeti kako se struktura obitelji, njezina kultura i prioriteti u pogledu upravljanja i nasljeđivanja poduzeća odražavaju na njegov rast. S obzirom na trendove koje prepoznaje i definira literatura, zaključna razmatranja i preporuke za praksu u ovom završnom radu usmjerene su prema različitim razvojnim fazama obiteljskog poduzeća – stvaranju, rastu i razvoju i pojavi novih poslovnih prilika. Kako se prepoznati trendovi odražavaju na obiteljska poduzeća, ali i druge dionike s njima povezane, nudi se prijedlog odgovora na identificirane trendove od strane različitih dionika. Samo zajedničkim naporima različitih dionika moguće je održati kontinuitet obiteljskih poduzeća kroz generacije i jačanje njihovih konkurentskih prednosti na tržištu.Today, family businesses are the backbone of economic activity, both in developed and developing countries. Like other businesses, family businesses face increasing challenges on a daily basis for their growth and survival in the marketplace, and their success is shaped by a range of trends and responses to those trends. Given the importance of family businesses for overall economic growth and development, as well as the importance of responding to trends that define and shape the business success of family businesses in the 21st century, the use of secondary data sources in this final paper provides answers to questions. how family businesses differ from other businesses and how to respond to market demands and socio-demographic trends affecting the creation, growth and development of businesses and the emergence of new business opportunities for family businesses.
The growth of a family business should be an imperative for all family members, and it is therefore important to understand how the structure of the family, its culture and priorities regarding the management and inheritance of the business are reflected in its growth. Given the trends recognized and defined by the literature, the concluding remarks, and recommendations for practice in this final paper are directed towards different developmental stages of a family business - creation, growth and development and the emergence of new business opportunities. As the identified trends are reflected in family businesses, but also other stakeholders related to them, a proposal of response to the identified trends by different stakeholders is offered. Only through the joint efforts of different stakeholders is it possible to maintain the continuity of family businesses through generations and strengthen their competitive advantages in the market
Optimization of replacement of load-bearing elevator ropes on suspension 2:1
No full textU ovome radu analizirano je optimiranje zamjene nosive užadi dizala na ovjesu 2:1. Svrha rada je optimizirati i pokazati ispravan način osiguranja postrojenja pri radovima koji su visokorizični za zaposlenike na istim i sličnim poslovima gdje postoji opasnost od lakših do fatalnih nesreća. U radu je opisan pristup osiguranja protuutega i osiguranja kabine od nekontroliranog pokretanja te upravljanje elementima koji se mijenjaju kako bi izvođenje radova teklo na siguran način i najmanjim brojem operacija. Zbog svoje posebnosti demontaža i montaža elemenata izvodi se ručno te je potrebno prije početka radova snimiti postojeće stanje objekta, jer se sami radovi odvijaju unutar voznog okna dizala, ali i svi ostali čimbenici prostora samog objekta utječu na radni proces kao što je visina građevinskog objekta, prilaz zgradi, širina komunikacijskih dijelova objekta, pristup krovištu i atmosferski uvjeti na zgradi.In this paper, the procedure for replacing the load-bearing steel ropes of the elevator on suspension 2:1 is analyzed. The purpose of the paper is to show the correct way of securing the facility during works that are high-risk for employees attending the same and similar jobs where there is a risk of minor to fatal accidents. The paper describes the approach to securing the counterweight and securing the cabin from uncontrolled starting, as well as the management of elements that change in order to ensure that the work is carried out in a safe manner. Due to its special nature, disassembly and assembly is performed manually, and it is necessary to record the existing condition of the building before starting the work, because the work itself takes place inside the elevator shaft, but also all other factors of the space of the building itself influence the work process, such as the height of the building, the approach to the building, the width of the communicating parts of the building, access to the roof and atmospheric conditions on the building
