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Primjena hibridnih sustava obnovljivih izvora energije
No full textIz promatranja aktualnih tema vezanih uz održivi razvoj uočljiv je sve veći interes za to
područje. Održivi razvoj podrazumijeva, prije svega, korištenje prirodnih resursa za osnovne
životne potrebe, a da se pritom ne zagađuje okoliš. Ovaj rad u središte stavlja održivo korištenje
energije, s naglaskom na hibridni sustav, koji je pouzdaniji od oslanjanja na pojedinačne
obnovljive izvore energije. Hibridni sustav podrazumijeva kompenzaciju i nadopunjavanje dva
obnovljiva izvora energije kako bi se električna energija neprestano proizvodila. Kroz ovakav
je sustav gotovo zajamčena sigurnost opskrbe energijom kroz obnovljive izvore u trenutku kad
neobnovljivi izvori postanu nedostupni.When observing current topics related to sustainable development, it is evident that there is a
growing interest for the field. Sustainable development means, above all, the use of natural
resources for basic living needs, without polluting the environment. This paper focuses on the
sustainable use of energy, with an emphasis on the hybrid system, which is more reliable than
relying on individual renewable energy sources. The hybrid system involves compensating for
and replenishing two renewable energy sources in order to generate electricity continuously.
Through such a system, security of energy supply through renewable sources is almost
guaranteed at the moment when non-renewable sources become unavailable
An analysis of how selected TV commercials by telecommunications companies influence young consumers
No full textPrema istraživanju potrošnje za zakup medijskog prostora, koje od 2008. godine provodi Hrvatska udruga društava za tržišno komuniciranje (HURA), oglašivači u Hrvatskoj daleko najviše sredstava ulažu u oglašavanje na televiziji u usporedbi s oglašavanjem na drugim medijima. Od godine početka provođenja ovog istraživanja do procjena za 2020. godinu na oglašavanje u televizijskom mediju u pravilu otpada oko 50 % ukupne potrošnje na zakup medijskog prostora. Taj trend preživio je i financijsku krizu na početku prošlog desetljeća, preživio je prodor interneta u ljudsku svakodnevicu, a prema procjenama HURA-e čini se da je preživio i pandemijsku 2020. godinu. To nas dovodi do zaključka kako najveći oglašivači u Hrvatskoj nisu počeli sumnjati u utjecaj televizijskog medija unatoč povijesnom rastu popularnosti interneta te da su sredstva za oglašavanje na televiziji zadnja na popisu kada je potrebno rezati budžete za oglašavanje zbog financijskih previranja.
Popularizacija interneta dovela je do trenda opadanja prosječne dnevne količine vremena provedene u gledanju televizije među mlađim dobnim skupinama, što potvrđuju istraživanja poput Nielsenovog „Total Audience Report“ iz 2020. godine. Rezultati takvih istraživanja i velika ulaganja u oglašavanje na televiziji nameću potrebu za istraživanjem utjecaja televizijskih reklamnih kampanja na mlade potrošače u dobi od 18 do 35 godina. Za istraživanje utjecaja koristili su se unaprijed utvrđeni kriteriji poput izloženosti oglašavanju, jasnoće poruka, uvjerljivosti poruka, usklađenosti poruka s identitetom brenda, promjene u percepciji brenda i mogućem utjecaju oglašavanja na budući odabir teleoperatera.
U ovom stručnom diplomskom radu analizirane su blagdanske televizijske reklamne kampanje Hrvatskog telekoma i A1 Hrvatska. Riječ je o najvećim teleoperaterima, ujedno i jednim od najvećih kompanija i oglašivača u Hrvatskoj. Oba teleoperatera ulažu puno sredstava i pažnje u brending što njihove kampanje čini dobrim primjerima za istraživanje utjecaja TV reklama na gledatelje.Based on research conducted since 2008 by the Croatian Association of Communications Agencies (HURA) on advertising expenditure, advertisers in Croatia invest far more money into advertising on TV than in any other medium. Since the first year of research through to 2020, TV advertising expenditure accounted for approximately 50% of total advertising expenditure in Croatia. This trend has endured beyond the global financial crisis of 2008 as well as the increasing penetration of the Internet into people's everyday lives. According to HURA's estimates, it seems to have survived the pandemic-ridden year of 2020. This leads to the conclusion that advertisers in Croatia have no doubts about the influence of television as a medium despite the Internet's rise in popularity. When it comes to slashing advertising budgets in times of financial turmoil, TV advertising is last on the list.
The popularization of the Internet has also led to less average time spent watching TV among younger age groups, as shown by research from Nielsen's Total Audience Report for 2020. These and similar results, including significant investment in TV advertising, imposes the need to research the influence of television advertising campaigns on young consumers aged between 18 and 35. Researching this influence is based on criteria such as advertising exposure, message clarity, persuasiveness, harmony of messages and brand identity, changes in brand favorability and the possible influence advertising has on the choice of a telecommunications company in the future.
This professional thesis analyzes holiday television advertising campaigns for Hrvatski Telekom and A1 Hrvatska. These companies are the biggest telecommunications companies in Croatia, and are generally among the biggest companies in the country. They are also among the biggest advertisers. Both companies invest a lot of financial resources into branding, meaning that their campaigns are good examples for researching the influence of TV advertising
Mediterranean : Impressions, Concepts, Stories
No full textSelected papers presented at Mediterranean Islands Conference MIC - VIS 2020
Security as an Influential Factor on Tourist Demand : The Example of the City of Zagreb
No full textThe need for security is one of the basic human needs. Security in the tourism sector is not motivated solely by global reasons because no one can guarantee absolute security. For this reason, it is often emphasised that security is a precondition for growth and development of every economic activity. The realization of economic processes, especially processes in the tourism industry cannot be realized without economic security. The attractiveness of a tourist destination can also be affected by negative consequences when there is a lack of safety which can be found from the personal to national level. Therefore, attractiveness of a tourist destination is affected by various threats, risks or crisis. By increasing the number of employees and achieving an increasing share in GDP in the overall economy of the Republic of Croatia, one can conclude that tourism is one of the most important economic activities and economic powers that generates further growth and development. This is why safety in tourism has become a necessity that needs to be secured for the tourist and within the tourist destination. Tourism security should be provided from the start of travel, during the whole stay in a tourist destination until return to the starting location. The purpose of security in tourism is not only to provide the protection of tourists but also to ensure the safety of the tourist destination. The process of providing the service is not a one-off period but it is permanent and covers different services and products. This paper aims to show how much the security factor affects the tourist demand for the destination, in this case the City of Zagreb
Oporezivanje kapitalnih dobitaka i financijskih transakcija u Hrvatskoj i zemljama Europske unije
No full textGlobalna financijska i ekonomska kriza primorala je brojne zemlje na mobiliziranje značajnih
iznosa javnih sredstava za sanaciju i spašavanje financijskih institucija što je dovelo do
konsenzusa Europske unije da se financijskom sustavu nametne obveza većeg sudjelovanja u
javnim financijama s ciljem „fer i značajnog“ doprinosa financijskoj stabilnosti. Jedno od
područja koje zahtijeva reformske poteze svakako je oporezivanje financijskog sektora, a kao
dvije značajne metode ističu se porezi na financijske transakcije i porezi na kapitalne dobitke.
Njihov cilj je obeshrabriti riskantno ponašanje u financijskom sektoru i osigurati da financijska
industrija u većoj mjeri preuzme odgovornost i trošak aktualne financijske krize. U
specijalističkom diplomskom stručnom radu “Oporezivanje kapitalnih dobitaka i financijskih
transakcija u Hrvatskoj i zemljama Europske unije“ koristit će se literatura iz područja
(oporezivanja) financijskih transakcija, načina funkcioniranja financijskih sustava, strukture i
organizacije platnog sustava te oporezivanja dohotka od kapitala i kapitalnih dobitaka, prireza
poreza na dohodak te poreznog tretmana kamata na depozite i to: knjige, stručni i znanstveni
članci, službena statistička izvješća, financijsko-planski dokumenti, zakoni i internetski izvori.
U radu je prikazan sustavni pregled saznanja o porezu na financijske transakcije i kapitalne
dobitke, njihovoj praktičnoj primjeni u zemljama Europske unije i Republike Hrvatske te
njihovim učincima na financijskim tržištima.The global financial and economic crisis has forced many countries to mobilize significant
amounts of public funds to rehabilitate and rescue financial institutions, leading to the European
Union's consensus to impose an obligation on the financial system to participate more in public
finances. One of the areas that requires reform moves is certainly the taxation of the financial
sector, and taxes on financial transactions and taxes on capital gains stand out as two important
methods. Their goal is to discourage risky behavior in the financial sector and ensure that the
financial industry takes greater responsibility and cost of the current financial crisis. The
specialist diploma thesis "Taxation of capital gains and financial transactions in Croatia and
European Union countries" will use literature in the field of (taxation) of financial transactions,
the functioning of financial systems, the structure and organization of the payment system and
taxation of capital income and capital gains, surtax on income tax and tax treatment of interest
on deposits, namely: books, professional and scientific articles, official statistical reports,
financial planning documents, laws and Internet sources. The paper presents a systematic
overview of the knowledge on the tax on financial transactions and capital gains, their practical
application in the countries of the European Union and the Republic of Croatia and their effects
on financial markets.
Keywords: financial sector taxation, financial transaction tax, capital gains tax, financial
market impac
Analiza utjecaja pandemije i potresa na budućnost turizma grada Zagreba
No full textUslijed globalne pandemije izazvane koronavirusom, kao i potresa koji je dodatno pogodio Zagreb u ožujku 2020. godine, propituje se budućnost turizma Zagreba. Postavlja se pitanje može li se na razini grada s postojećim resursima odgovoriti na novonastalu situaciju i ponuditi rješenje u radi oporavka turizma u gradu. Cilj je istraživanja utvrditi mogućnosti turizma u Zagrebu uslijed i nakon pandemije izazvane koronavirusom i nakon potresa. Primarno istraživanje temelji se na dubinskim nestrukturiranim intervjuima sa šest ispitanika. Rezultati istraživanja predstavljaju odgovore ispitanika u okvirima postavljenih pitanja i otvorene diskusije na temu budućnosti turizma Zagreba. Uz intervju, za analizu su korišteni i dostupni strateški dokumenti na razini grada.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na činjenicu kako je pandemija unijela određene pozitivne trendove u kontekstu boravka na otvorenom, što je prepoznato i u novim strategijama i kod intervjuiranih sugovornika. Želja za boravkom na otvorenom otvara niz mogućnosti razvoja kulturnog turizma i raznih manifestacija koje se mogu preseliti na otvorene prostore grada. Za turizam koji se bazira na zatvorenim prostorima za sada se predlaže stavljanje u drugi plan. Strategija budućnosti turizma mora osigurati da je odredište prije svega sigurno, jer će turisti tražiti destinacije koje imaju izvrsne higijenske standarde i manje su naseljene. Ovo je svakako prilika za privlačenje turista u Zagreb.Due to the global pandemic caused by the coronavirus, as well as the earthquake that further hit Zagreb in March 2020, the future of tourism in the city of Zagreb is being questioned. The question is whether at the level of the City with existing resources it is possible to respond to the new situation and offer a solution for the purpose of recovering tourism in the city. The aim of the research is to determine the possibilities of tourism in the city of Zagreb due to both after the pandemic caused by the coronavirus and after the earthquake. The primary research is based on in-depth unstructured interviews with six respondents. The results of the research represent the answers of the respondents within the questions asked and open discussions on the topic of the future of tourism in the city of Zagreb. In addition to the interview, strategic documents at the City level were used for analysis.
The results of the research indicate the fact that the pandemic has introduced certain positive trends in the context of staying outdoors, which is recognized in the new strategies and among the interviewees. The desire to stay outdoors opens up opportunities for the development of cultural tourism and various events that can be moved to the open spaces of the city. For the time being, indoor tourism is proposed to be put in the background. The strategy of the future of tourism must ensure that the destination is above all safe, because tourists will look for destinations that have excellent hygiene standards and are less populated. This is definitely an opportunity to attract tourists to Zagreb
Efekti poluge na primjeru odabrane banke i hotela
No full textBez kvalitetnog poslovnog rezultata nema materijalne osnovice za razvoj kvalitete, uporišta za bolje pozicioniranje na tržištu, mogućnosti plaćanja obveza prema državi, partnerima i radnicima, socijalne stabilnosti u lokalnoj društvenoj zajednici, profita za vlasnike i poslovne izvrsnosti. Poslovna izvrsnost je definirana kao visoka razina zrelosti poduzeća/organizacije u odnosu na upravljanje i postizanje rezultata. Istinski izvrsne organizacije su one koje teže zadovoljavanju svojih vlasnika onime što postižu, načinom na koji to postižu, kao i onime što mogu dostići te sigurnošću da će dobiveni rezultati biti podržani i u budućnosti. Kod poslovne izvrsnosti veliki značaj imaju poslovne poluge. Poslovna poluga postoji kad promjene u prihodima rezultiraju većim promjenama dobiti prije odbitka kamata i poreza. Važni elementi poslovne poluge povezani su s fiksnim troškovima i njihovom točkom pokrića. Stupanj poslovne poluge vezan je uz fiksne troškove. Ukoliko društvo ima relativno visoke fiksne troškove, značajan dio kontribucijske marže (prihodi umanjeni za varijabilne troškove) mora biti upotrijebljen za pokrivanje fiksnih troškova. Jednom kad se postigne točka pokrića (prihodi = fiksni + varijabilni troškovi), čitav iznos kontribucijske marže postaje dobit prije odbitka kamata i poreza. Nakon što društvo dostigne točku pokrića manja postotna povećanja prihoda od prodaje dovest će do većih postotnih promjena u dobiti prije odbitka kamata i poreza. Na isti način, mali pad u prihodima od prodaje dovest će do potpunog nestanka dobiti u slučaju kad je društvo blizu točke pokrića. U modernom menadžerskom poslovanju se češće koristi odnos poznat kao financijska poluga. Financijska poluga se koristi u istraživanju optimalnih odnosa između vlastitog i tuđeg financiranja. Pravilo financijske poluge pokazuje isplativost korištenja tuđih izvora financiranja u poduzeću sve dok se poslovanjem ostvaruje stopa rentabilnosti veća od ponderirane kamatne stope po kojoj se plaćaju kamate na tuđi kapital.Quality business results form a basis for developing quality, foundations for better market positioning, ability to pay obligations towards the state, partners and workers, social stability in the local community as well as profits for the owners. There is no business excellence. Business excellence is defined as a high level of enterprise / organization maturity in relation to management and result achievement. Truly excellent organizations are those who strive to satisfy their owners with their achievements and manner in which these are realized, as well as the confidence that future achievements will be realized as well. For business excellence, great leverage has a business leverage. A business leverage exists when changes in revenue result in larger changes in profits before interest and tax deductions. Several important elements of business leverage are associated with fixed costs and their point of coverage. The degree of business leverage is associated to a company's fixed costs, and a company with high fixed costs has to use a significant portion of the contribution margin (revenues reduced by variable costs) to cover these costs. Once the point of coverage (revenue = fixed + variable costs) is reached, the entire contribution margin becomes profitable before interest and tax deduction. After the company reaches the point of coverage, lower percentage increase in sales revenue will lead to higher percentage changes in profit before interest and tax deduction. In the same way, a small drop in sales revenue will lead to total loss of profit if the company is close to the coverage point. In a modern management commerce, the relationship known as a financial leverage is more commonly used. It is used to explore optimal relationships between internal and external financing. The financial leverage rule demonstrates the viability of using external sources of finance in the company as long as the profit is higher than the weighted interest rate at which interest on external capital is paid
Application of Elements of Strategic Brand Management at the Example of the Republic of Croatia
No full textU ovom specijalističkom diplomskom stručnom radu obrađeni su ključni pojmovi vezani uz brend i strateško upravljanje brendom, kao i temeljne odrednice nacionalnog identiteta Republike Hrvatske te strateškog upravljanja imidžem država. Pritom je poseban naglasak stavljen na imidž i identitet kao esencijalni čimbenik brenda, odnosno ono što zadani brend u glavama korisnika razlikuje od robnih marki ili drugih brendova.
Uz to, imidž i identitet također su pojmovi koji su vrlo izraženi kod država i naroda, zbog čega sve više zemalja sustavno radi na nacionalnoj strategiji brendiranja u svrhu upravljanja nacionalnim identitetom i imidžem. Shodno tome, u ovom radu analiziran je nacionalni identitet Republike Hrvatske, s ciljem pronalaska mogućnosti za dodatno jačanje njenog nacionalnog imidža.
Da bi se došlo do okvirnih smjernica za upravljanje nacionalnim imidžem Republike Hrvatske, također su analizirani i prikazani primjeri dobre prakse u drugim zemljama iz cijelog svijeta. Potom su provedena i dva kvantitativna istraživanja, odnosno anketna upitnika na uzorcima od 100 domaćih i 100 stranih ispitanika iz 28 zemalja diljem svijeta, kao i jedno kvalitativno istraživanje u obliku dubinskog intervjua s komunikacijskim stručnjakom.
Nastavno na to, u ovom radu su sva stečena saznanja o navedenim teoretskim odrednicama, kao i rezultati provedenih istraživanja koji su uneseni u sugestije za buduće formiranje nacionalne strategije brendiranja Republike Hrvatske. Konačni cilj je jačanje nacionalne konkurentnosti, unaprjeđenje gospodarstva, privlačenje stranih ulaganja te poboljšanje kvalitete života domaćeg stanovništva.This specialist professional master thesis presents the key terms concerning brand and strategic brand management as well as the fundamental determinants of the national identity of The Republic of Croatia and strategic country image management. At the same time , particular emphasis was placed on the image and identity as an essential brand factor , i.e. on the thing by which a particular brand in the customers' heads is distinguished from retailers' brands or other brands .
Additionally , the terms „image „ and „identity“ are also the terms that are highly expressed at countries and nations and that's why more and more countries are systematically working on the national brand strategy for the purpose of managing national identity and image. Accordingly, this paper is analysing the national identity of The Republic of Croatia , with a view to finding possibilities for a further enhacement of its national image .
To come to framework guidelines for managing national image of The Republic of Croatia, other countries' best practice examples worldwide will be analysed and presented . Then, two quantitative researches were carried out , i.e. survey questionnaires in a sample of 100 Croatian and 100 foreign respondents from 28 countries around the world , as well as one quantitative research as an in-depth interview with communication expert.
As follow-up, this paper contains the complete acquired knowledge about theoretical determinants and the results of the conducted researches which were introduced to the suggestions for the future creation of country branding strategy . The ultimate goal is strenghtening national competitiveness, improving the economy ,attracting foreign investments and to improve quality of life of native population
Digital religion - commercialization of spirituality, tradition, beliefs and practices
No full textUlazak u digitalno doba otvorio je globalno tržište i utjecao na promjenu društvenih navika jer je pojednostavio svakodnevan život i stvorio slobodno vrijeme koje je moguće ispuniti aktivnostimaprema samostalnom odabiru. Često se to slobodno vrijeme provodi uz tehnologiju unoseći medijski sadržaj. Moć digitalnog doba su prepoznale i mnoge religijske zajednice i vjerski pokreti. S obzirom na to da su potošači postali i kreatori sadržaja, a na internetu je moguće pronaći beskonačno mnogo informacija, više se ne može točno znati koji je sadržaj vjerodostojan.Mogli smo primjetiti kroz povijest da religijske i vjerske zajednice također imaju određen utjecaj na društvo, ali se u dobu nekontroliranog medijskog sadržaja suočavaju s narušavanjem autentične tradicije. Klasične religijske zajednice poput Katoličke crkve gube na popularnosti zbog ljudske potrebe da samostalno radi na svom duhovnom napretku jer sada pojedinac može pronaći medijski sadržaj koji ga privlači. Ta težnja za originalnošću i mogućnosti samostalnog duhovnog napretka postaje sve popularnija pa time postaje i komercijalna, ako je lako dostupna svima ili ako je dostupna za one s platežnom moći. Duhovnost na taj način gubi svoj smisao bez obzira na to o kojoj se religiji ili vjerskom pokretu radi. Zato je zanimljivo usporediti kršćanstvo kao najveću religiju svijeta koja prevladava u zapadnom dijelu svijeta s indijskim religijama, točnije hinduizmom i hinduističkim vjerskim pokretima koji su svojom migracijom na zapad postali komercijalni, a potaknuli su društvo da teži integracijskoj duhovnosti.Entering the digital age has opened the global market and influenced the change of social habits. It has simplified everyday life and created free time that can be filled with activities of independent choice. Often this free time is spent with technology introducing media content. The power of the digital age has also been recognized by many religious communities and religious movements. Given that consumers have become creators of content, and it is possible to find an infinite amount of information on the Internet, it is no longer possible to know exactly which content is credible. in an age of uncontrolled media content, they face a breach of authentic tradition. Classical religious communities like the Catholic Church are losing popularity due to the human need to independently work on their spiritual progress because they could find media content that appeals to them to satisfy their need for being original. As this pursuit of originality and the possibility of self-actualizing spiritual progress becomes more popular. It also becomes commercial, if it is easily accessible to all or available to those with the ability to pay. Spirituality thus loses its meaning no matter what religion or religious movement it is. Therefore, it is interesting to mention Christianity as the world’s largest religion widespread in the western part of the world and contrast Indian religions, specifically Hinduism and Hindu religious movements which migrated to the west and became commercial product by being encouraged by society who strive for integrative spirituality
A Comparison of Academic Stress Caused by Online and Traditional Education
No full textStres je stanje u kojem se osoba tjelesno, psihički ili socijalno osjeća ugroženo ili smatra da su ugroženi njezini bližnji. Uz stres se vežu posljedice poput fizioloških i afektivnih reakcija, pogoršanog tjelesnog zdravlja, dobrobiti i socijalnog funkcioniranja. Akademski stres je stres vezan uz akademsko obrazovanje. Poznati stresori vezani uz akademski stres u tradicionalnom obrazovanju su opterećenost akademskim obavezama, nedostatak slobodnog vremena, strah od neuspjeha i priprema za kolokvije ili ispite, zatim usmeno ili pismeno polaganje ispita ili kolokvija koje je sastavni dio studentskog života. Godine 2020. došlo je do velikih promjena na svjetskoj razini uzrokovanih pandemijom korona virusa, odnosno epidemiološkim mjerama radi suzbijanja širenja pandemije. Neke od tih promjena ili izazova su mjere samoizolacije i socijalne distance i akademsko obrazovanje u online obliku. Učenje i nastava na daljinu se mogu definirati kroz upotrebu telekomunikacijskih i elektroničkih uređaja koji omogućavaju studentima, primanje znanja ili instrukcija s udaljene lokacije. Online obrazovanje utječe na mentalno zdravlje i funkcioniranje svakog pojedinca uključenog u proces obrazovanja.
Cilj ovog rada bio je ustanoviti i usporediti izvore i razinu akademskog stresa u tradicionalnom obrazovanju i online obrazovanju. U anketnom istraživanju je sudjelovalo 126 ispitanika obaju spolova uglavnom u dobi od 21 do 25 godina, većim dijelom redovni studenti preddiplomske razine. Dobiveni rezultati su ukazali da studenti u većoj mjeri doživljavaju stres u tradicionalnom obrazovanju u odnosu na online obrazovanje, odnosno proživljavaju stres u većoj mjeri u kontaktnim pismenim i usmenim ispitima, projektnim zadatcima, pribavljanju literature, držanju prezentacije i komunikaciji s profesorima, u odnosu na iste sastavnice u online okruženju.Stress is a condition which makes a person feel physically, mentally or socially threatened or
when a person feels their loved ones are at risk. Stress causes negative physiological and
affective reactions, deterioration of physical health, well-being and social functioning.
Academic stress is related to academic education. Common stressors of academic stress in
traditional learning are academic load, lack of free time, fear of failure, preparation for tests or
exams as well as taking oral and written exams. These stressors are an integral part of student
life. 2020 caused significant changes at the global level due to the coronavirus pandemic, i.e.
epidemiological measures for preventing disease spread. Some of the measures and
challenges are self-isolation measures, social distance and distance learning.. Distance
learning and teaching implies the use of telecommunication and electronic devices that allow
students to follow classes from a remote location. Distance learning affects mental health and
functioning of each individual participating in the learning process.
The purpose of this paper is to establish and compare sources and the level of academic stress
in both traditional and distance learning. The survey included 126 male and female
participants, mostly undergraduate full-time students in the age group from 21 to 25. The
obtained results indicated that students experience greater level of stress in traditional than
distance learning. i.e. traditional face-to-face written and oral exams, project assignments,
obtaining literature, giving presentations and communication with professors when compared
to distance learning