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Gradient Technology for High-Throughput Screening of Interactions between Cells and Nanostructured Materials
Get PDFCopyright © 2012 Andrew Michelmore et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.We present a novel substrate suitable for the high-throughput analysis of cell response to variations in surface chemistry and nanotopography. Electrochemical etching was used to produce silicon wafers with nanopores between 10 and 100 nm in diameter. Over this substrate and flat silicon wafers, a gradient film ranging from hydrocarbon to carboxylic acid plasma polymer was deposited, with the concentration of surface carboxylic acid groups varying between 0.7 and 3% as measured by XPS. MG63 osteoblast-like cells were then cultured on these substrates and showed greatest cell spreading and adhesion onto porous silicon with a carboxylic acid group concentration between 2-3%. This method has great potential for high-throughput screening of cell-material interaction with particular relevance to tissue engineering
Surgical Incision Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Amygdala Sensitization: Effects of Morphine and Gabapentin
Get PDFCopyright © 2010 Chang-Qi Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The role of affective dimension in the postoperative pain is still poorly understood. The present study investigated the development of anxiety-like behavior and amygdala sensitization in incisional pain. Using hind-paw incision model in rats, we showed that surgical incision induced the anxiety-like behavior as determined by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Intraperitoneal (IP) morphine administration reversed mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner. Gabapentin also partially reduced incision-evoked mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner. After incision, the expression of phosphorylated cAMP response elements (CRE-) binding protein (p-CREB) was transiently upregulated in the central and basolateral nuclei in the bilateral amygdala. The upregulation of p-CREB was inhibited by morphine and gabapentin. The present study suggested that surgical incision could induce anxiety and amygdala sensitization that can be inhibited by morphine and gabapentin. Thus treatment of surgery-induced affective disturbances by morphine and gabapentin may be a potential important adjunct therapy in the postoperative pain management
‘This is me, anonymous, water's soliloquy’: The River's Voice as a Coalescence of Humankind and Nature in Alice Oswald's Dart
Get PDFIn her long poem Dart, Alice Oswald focuses on the mutual relation between humankind and their natural environment, thus evoking a profound eco-consciousness through poetic means. By following the course of the river Dart from source to sea, the poem becomes a ‘songline’ in which the voices of various persons, who work and live with the river, merge into the all-embracing voice of the Dart. Strongly connected to the river's song is its self that comes into being only through the other selves entering the stream and merging into one fluid identity that can express itself through others. As a result, landscape, animals and human beings are presented as fundamentally interdependent by constituting one self-contained ecosystem. Hence, the aim of this paper will be to elucidate the coalescence of the human and the natural that is generated through the self-articulation of the river Dart. A theoretical context will be provided by discussing Lawrence Buell's ecocritical approach to the relation between nature and language. Based on his concept of adéquation, a closer examination of the Dart's voice will reveal the river's animistic nature in which the anthropocentric and the ecocentric merge. The subsequent analysis of selected text passages will relate these ecocritical aspects to the river in terms of its depiction as a self-conscious spiritual being and a spatial entity that is experienced physically. In conclusion, the temporality of the Dart, exemplified through its mythological dimension, will be examined
Finding a ‘German’ Voice for Courtney Sina Meredith’s Brown Girls in Bright Red Lipstick
Get PDFThis paper will introduce the young Samoan poet Courtney Sina Meredith and her debut poetry collection Brown Girls in Bright Red Lipstick which casts a new light on women with a Pacific or Samoan background and gives the reader a direct, and blunt, yet also a poetic insight into urban life in contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand. Coming from the poetry slam scene and having grown up in Auckland (a city with 2 million inhabitants and a large Pacific Island community), Meredith’s poetry creates an interplay of philosophical, poetic observations and depictions of modern society, and urban life and questions the role of women in today’s society.
As a translator, I am particularly interested in the challenges that arise when translating not just from one language to another (in this case from English, interwoven with Samoan words and concepts, to German), but especially from one culture to another culture. According to Umberto Eco, “translation is always a shift, not between two languages but between two cultures…. A translator must take into account rules that are not strictly linguistic but, broadly speaking, cultural.” Therefore, this paper will also address the importance of the translator when it comes to enabling readers in various parts of the world access to literature from a culture that is not their own. This paper aims to give an insight into contemporary Samoan poetry by introducing one of New Zealand’s aspiring young poets and to discuss the questions and difficulties that arise when translating her poetry into German
Review of The Hatred of Literature by William Marx, translated by Nicholas Elliott.
Get PDFReview of The Hatred of Literature by William Marx, translated from the French by Nicholas Elliott
Electron impact ionization of 1-butanol: II. Total ionization cross sections and appearance energies
Get PDF© 2018 Elsevier B.V.. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This author accepted manuscript is made available following 24 month embargo from date of publication (Apr 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyExperimental and theoretical data on total ionization cross sections for electron scattering by 1-butanol molecules in the energy range 10–100 eV are reported in this work. The experimental data were obtained from the addition of partial ionization cross sections (PICS) of 38 cationic fragments registered using a Hiden Analytical quadrupole mass spectrometer (EPIC 300), which are reported in a companion paper (Pires et al., 2018). The theoretical data were generated using the Binary-Encounter-Bethe and independent atom model plus screening corrected additivity rule approaches. Additionally, we also report the appearance energies (AEs) and Wannier exponents for 36 of the 38 main cationic fragments observed in our experiments. Our experimental TICS data are typically found to be in good agreement with our theoretical results, and with other experimental and theoretical TICS data of 1-butanol currently available in the literature. Agreement of our AEs and the previous data, again where a comparison is possible, is also found to be satisfactory
Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Associated with Clostridium difficile Infection Successfully Treated with Eculizumab
Get PDFCopyright © 2018 Joshua M. Inglis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Clostridium difficile infection is a rare precipitant of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). A 46-year-old man presented with watery diarrhoea following an ileocaecal resection. He developed an acute kidney injury with anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, raised lactate dehydrogenase, low haptoglobin, and red cell fragments. Stool sample was positive for C. difficile toxin B. He became dialysis-dependent as his renal function continued to worsen despite treatment with empiric antibiotics and plasma exchange. The ADAMTS13 level was normal consistent with a diagnosis of aHUS. The commencement of eculizumab led to the resolution of haemolysis and stabilisation of haemoglobin and platelets with an improvement in renal function