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ADMINISTRATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE-JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT IN CROATIA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje pravne aspekte i praksu upravnog i upravno-sudskog izvršenja u Republici Hrvatskoj, uspoređujući ih s pravnim sustavima susjednih zemalja kao što su Slovenija, Srbija, Bosna i Hercegovina te Mađarska. Analizira se zakonski okvir koji regulira ovu oblast u svakoj zemlji, s naglaskom na relevantne zakone poput Zakona o općem upravnom postupku i Zakona o upravnim sporovima. U radu se također istražuju prakse i procedura koje primjenjuju upravna tijela i sudovi pri izvršenju upravnih odluka, te se analiziraju izazovi s kojima se susreću u praksi. Komparativna analiza pruža uvid u sličnosti i razlike u pristupima različitih pravnih sustava prema upravnom izvršenju, ističući specifične pravne norme i proceduralne prakse. Zaključci rada naglašavaju važnost usklađivanja zakonodavstva i jačanja regionalne suradnje kako bi se unaprijedila efikasnost i transparentnost postupaka upravnog izvršenja.This thesis explores the legal framework and practice of administrative and administrative-judicial enforcement in the Republic of Croatia, comparing it with the legal systems of neighboring countries such as Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Hungary. It analyzes the legislative framework governing this area in each country, with a focus on relevant laws such as the General Administrative Procedure Act and the Administrative Disputes Act. The thesis also examines the practices and procedures applied by administrative bodies and courts in the enforcement of administrative decisions, and analyzes the challenges encountered in practice. Comparative analysis provides insights into similarities and differences in approaches to administrative enforcement among different legal systems, highlighting specific legal norms and procedural practices. The conclusions emphasize the importance of harmonizing legislation and enhancing regional cooperation to improve the efficiency and transparency of administrative enforcement procedures
State Judicial Council
No full textDržavno sudbeno vijeće je samostalno i neovisno tijelo koj e osigurava samostalnost i
neovisnost sudbene vlasti u Republici Hrvatskoj te u skladu s Ustavom i zakonom, samostalno
odlučuje o imenovanju, napredovanju, premještaju, razrješenju i stegovnoj odgovornosti
sudaca i predsjednika sudova. Donosi odluke o bitn im pitanjima kojim sucima omogućava da
svoju dužnosti obavljaju neovisno i nepristrano, a posebno da nisu ovisni o političkim
promjenama. Državno sudbeno vijeće ima jedanaest članova, a čine ga sedam sudaca, dva
sveučilišna profesora pravnih znanosti i dva saborska zastupnika, od kojih jedan iz redova
oporbe. Članovi Državnoga sudbenog vijeća biraju se na razdoblje od četiri godine, s tim da
članom Državnoga sudbenog vijeća nitko ne može biti više od dva puta.
Djelokrug, ustrojstvo, način izbora članova i način rada Državnoga sudbenog vijeća uređuju se
zakonom.The State Judicial Council is an independent and independent body that ensures the autonomy and independence of the judiciary in the Republic of Croatia and, in accordance with the Con-stitution and the law, independently decides on the appointment, promotion, transfer, dismis-sal and disciplinary responsibility of judges and presidents of courts. It makes decisions on important issues, which enables judges to perform their duties independently and impartially, and especially that they are not dependent on political changes. The State Judicial Council has eleven members, consisting of seven judges, two university professors of legal sciences and two parliamentarians, one of whom is from the opposition. Members of the State Judicial Council are elected for a period of four years, with the proviso that no one can be a member of the State Judicial Council more than twice.
The scope, organization, method of electing members and the method of work of the State Ju-dicial Council are regulated by law
E-GOVERNMENT IN CROATIA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND APPLICATIONS IN PUBLIC SERVICES
No full textDigitalna transformacija javne uprave, poznata kao e-uprava, postala je ključna komponenta modernih država u globaliziranom svijetu. U Republici Hrvatskoj, e-uprava igra značajnu ulogu u povećanju učinkovitosti, transparentnosti i pristupačnosti javnih usluga, omogućujući građanima i poslovnim subjektima brži i jednostavniji pristup informacijama i uslugama. Razumijevanje povijesnog razvoja i aktualnih primjena e-uprave u Hrvatskoj ključno je za uvid u njen utjecaj na javne službe i društvo u cjelini. Razvoj e-uprave u Hrvatskoj započeo je krajem 1990-ih, kada je vlada prepoznala potrebu za modernizacijom javne uprave kroz informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije (IKT). Prvi koraci uključivali su uspostavu osnovne digitalne infrastrukture i razvoj inicijalnih internetskih portala koji su omogućavali jednostavnije usluge poput pretraživanja informacija i slanja obrazaca putem interneta. U to vrijeme, e-uprava je bila u ranoj fazi razvoja, s fokusom na digitalizaciju osnovnih administrativnih procesa. Ulaskom Hrvatske u Europsku uniju 2013. godine, poticaj za razvoj e-uprave značajno se povećao. Integracija u EU donijela je obvezu prilagodbe nacionalnog zakonodavstva i standarda s europskim, što je uključivalo i digitalizaciju javne uprave. Tako su uspostavljeni ključni zakoni i strategije za poticanje e-uprave, poput Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama i Zakona o elektroničkom poslovanju i elektroničkom potpisu. Tijekom posljednjih desetljeća, Hrvatska je uložila značajne resurse u razvoj e-uprave, što je rezultiralo naprednom digitalnom infrastrukturom i uspostavom brojnih digitalnih servisa. Primjena IKT-a omogućila je veći stupanj automatizacije u javnim službama, čime se smanjila potreba za fizičkim dolaskom građana u urede te se ubrzalo rješavanje administrativnih postupaka. E-uprava se u Hrvatskoj
primjenjuje u širokom spektru javnih službi, uključujući zdravstvo, obrazovanje, socijalnu skrb, pravosuđe, porezni sustav i upravne postupke.The digital transformation of public administration, known as e-government, has become a key component of modern states in a globalized world. In the Republic of Croatia, e-government plays a significant role in increasing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services, enabling citizens and businesses to have faster and simpler access to information and services. Understanding the historical development and current applications of e-government in Croatia is crucial for gaining insight into its impact on public services and society as a whole. The development of e-government in Croatia began in the late 1990's, when the government recognized the need to modernize public administration through information and communication technologies (ICT). The initial steps involved establishing basic digital infrastructure and developing initial online portals that provided simpler services such as information searches and form submissions via the internet. At that time, e-government was in its early stages, with a focus on digitizing basic administrative processes.
Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2013 significantly boosted the impetus for e-government development. EU integration brought with it the obligation to align national legislation and standards with European ones, which included the digitalization of public administration. Key laws and strategies were established to promote e-government, such as the Law on the Right to Access Information and the Law on Electronic Business and Electronic Signatures. Over the past decades, Croatia has invested significant resources in the development of e-government, resulting in advanced digital infrastructure and the establishment of numerous digital services. The application of ICT has enabled a higher degree of automation in public services, reducing the need for citizens to physically visit offices and speeding up the resolution
of administrative procedures. E-government in Croatia is applied across a wide range of public services, including healthcare, education, social welfare, the judiciary, the tax system, and administrative procedures
CAMPING TOURISM OF ISTRIA
No full textTurizam se kao pojam u hrvatskom jeziku već udomaćio. Poznato je kako turizam predstavlja niz odnosa i pojava koje proizlaze iz samog putovanja određene osobe, koju nazivamo turistom. Turizam, kako vi se uopće smatrao kao takvim, mora zadovoljavati četiri uvjeta, a to su: prostorna komponenta, obilježja putovanja, vremenska komponenta i svrha samog putovanja. Međutim, kako je turizam jako širok pojam te zbog svoje masivnosti sve više biva na udaru kritika, na scenu nastupaju selektivni oblici turizma. To su specifični oblici turizma koji se pojavljuju sredinom prošlog stoljeća kao sinonim za održivi turizam. Selektivni turizam nudi širi spektar doživljaja i fleksibilnosti, a poseban je što ima više vrsta, te na taj način svaki turist bira onu vrstu turizma koja njega specifično zanima. Selektivni turizam ima više podjela, a najpoznatije vrste selektivnih oblika turizma su: kulturni turizam, ruralni, gastronomski, lovni, sportsko – rekreativni, nautički i kamping turizam. Kamping turizam je vrsta turizma koja dolazi od riječi „campus“, što označava otvoren prostor. Prema tome, kamping turizam je boravak turista na nekom otvorenom prostoru u bliskom dodiru s prirodom. Kamping turizam potječe iz Njemačke te je osnovan početkom 20. stoljeća, a nije mu bilo potrebno puno vremena da se proširi i na ostale europske zemlje. U hrvatskoj se prvi kamp otvara već 1934. godine na Rabu. Što se hrvatskog kampinga tiče, Istra daleko prednjači u odnosu na ostale hrvatske regije. Čak 40% od ukupnog broja kampera u RH odlazi u Istru, a kamping turizam u Istri zauzima skoro 35-45% od ukupnog broja dolazaka turista kada je riječ o samoj Istri. Velika prednost Istre je blizina kontinentu te dobra prometna povezanost te predivan obala, ali i unutrašnjost samog poluotoka. Istarski kampovi su među najljepšima u Hrvatskoj te se protežu luksuzom. Istra ima pet većih i poznatijih kamping regija, a to su: Umag, Rovinj, Poreč, Pula i Rabac.Tourism as a term in the Croatian language has already taken root. It is known that tourism represents a series of relationships and phenomena that arise from the very journey of a certain person, whom we call a tourist. Tourism, as it was generally considered as such, must meet four conditions, namely: spatial component, characteristics of the trip, time component and the purpose of the trip itself. However, since tourism is a very broad concept and is increasingly under attack due to its massiveness, selective forms of tourism appear on the scene. These are specific forms of tourism that appeared in the middle of the last century as a synonym for sustainable tourism. Selective tourism offers a wider range of experiences and flexibility, and is special in that it has several types, and thus each tourist chooses the type of tourism that specifically interests him. Selective tourism has several divisions, and the most well-known types of selective forms of tourism are: cultural tourism, rural, gastronomic, hunting, sports-recreational, nautical and camping tourism. Camping tourism is a type of tourism that comes from the word "campus", which means open space. Therefore, camping tourism is the stay of tourists in an open space in close contact with nature. Camping tourism originates from Germany and was founded at the beginning of the 20th century, and it did not take much time for it to spread to other European countries. In Croatia, the first camp was opened in 1934 on Rab. As far as Croatian camping is concerned, Istria is far ahead of other Croatian regions. As much as 40% of the total number of campers in the Republic of Croatia go to Istria, and camping tourism in Istria accounts for almost 35-45% of the total number of tourist arrivals when it comes to Istria itself. The great advantage of Istria is its proximity to the continent, good traffic connections and a beautiful coast, but also the interior of the peninsula itself. The Istrian campsites are among the most beautiful in Croatia and stretch with luxury. Istria has five larger and more famous camping regions, namely: Umag, Rovinj, Poreč, Pula and Raba
COMPARISON OF LAW ON THE GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND LAW ON THE GENERAL ADMINISTTRATIVE PROCEDURE IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
No full textPredmet rada je usporedba Zakona o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Hrvatskoj i Zakona o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji. Ciljevi rada su napraviti usporedbu Zakona o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Hrvatskoj i Zakona o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji, prikazati Zakon o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Hrvatskoj i Zakon o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji te utvrditi razlike između ta dva zakona.Posljednji Zakon o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Hrvatskoj stupio je na snagu 1. siječnja 2022. godine, a Zakon o općem upravnom postupku u Republici Sjevernoj Makedoniji donesen je 2015. godine. Usporedba ova dva zakona provedena je kroz dijelove koji uključuju opće odredbe, pokretanje i vođenje upravnog postupka, rješavanje upravne stvari, pravne lijekove, izvršenje i upravni ugovor.Subject of the work is comparison of the Law on the general administrative procedure in Republic of Croatia and Law on the general administrative procedure in Republic of North Macedonia. Aims of the work are comparing Law on the general administrative procedure in Republic of Croatia and Law on the general administrative procedure in Republic of North Macedonia, show those two laws and establish differences. Last Law on the general administrative procedure in Republic ofCroatia came into force on January 1st 2002, and Law on the general administrative procedure in Republic of North Macedoniain a year 2015. Comparison of this two laws is separated on the parts that include general provisions, running and guidance of administrative procedure, resolution of administrative matter, legal remedies, execution and administrative contract
CONTROLLING BUSINESS RISK - PODRAVKA D.D.
No full textKontroling se može definirati kao sistem bez kojeg se ne može razumijeti funkcioniranje poduzeća i upravljanje poduzećem. To je sistem koji se može koristiti u svim odjelima poduzeća za promatranje funkcija te se pri tom mogu koristiti njegovi objekti promatranja koji uključuju i kvalitativne i kvantitativne parametre kao i njihove posljedice i vrijednosti. Kontroling se može koristiti kako bi se promatrala strategija i vizija, upravljanje ljudskim resursima, sustav kontroliranja, informiranja, organiziranja i dr.
Rizik se može definirati kao opasnost od nastanka neke štete koja s financijskog apsekta može nastupiti kao izmaklo povećanje dobitka ili gubitak imovine. Rizik je također mogućnost odstupanja stvarnih posljedica neke odluke od očekivanih posljedica te on sa sobom može donijeti i dobre prilike za poduzeće. Poduzeća ne mogu unaprijed točno utvrditi hoće li se neki razvoj odvijati povoljno ili nepovoljno te stoga moraju pronaći načine kako da rizici u što manjoj mjeri imaju negativan utjecaj na njih.Controlling can be defined as a system without which one cannot understand the functioning of the company and its management. It is a system that can be used in all departments of the company to observe functions, and its observation objects can be used, which include both qualitative and quantitative parameters as well as their consequences and values. Controlling can be used to observe strategy and vision, human resource management, the system of controlling, informing, organizing and others.
Risk can be defined as the danger of some damage which, from the financial aspect can occur as a missed increase in profit or loss of assets. Risk is also the possibility of deviation of the actual consequences of a decision from the expected consequences, and it can also bring good opportunities for the company. Companies cannot accurately determine in advance whether a certain development will take place favorably or unfavorably, and therefore they must find ways to minimize the negative impact of risks on them
SYNTHESIS OF PERSONALIZATION AND DIGITAL INNOVATIONS IN MARKETING STRATEGIES: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY
No full textPersonalizacija marketinga služi organizacijama za fokusiranje na potencijalne potrošače i prilagođavanje proizvoda i usluga upravo njima i njihovim potrebama, željama te preferencijama. Zahvaljujući digitalizaciji i napretku tehnologije, personalizacija se u marketinškim strategijama organizacija razvila brzo i opsežno, a sve s ciljem ostvarivanja uspješnijih rezultata, angažiranja potrošača i porasta lojalnosti brendu. Organizacije svakodnevno komuniciraju sa svojim potrošačima pri čemu koriste digitalne inovacije, od kojih su ključne umjetna inteligencija, društvene mreže, strojno učenje, virtualna stvarnost i mnoge druge. Uz pomoć tih tehnologija organizacije uspijevaju privući, angažirati i zadržavati potrošače, a marketing postaje učinkovitiji, interaktivniji i bolje prilagođen njihovim potrebama. Ovaj rad je analizirao sinergiju personalizacije i digitalnih inovacija te njihov utjecaj na dugoročnu lojalnost potrošača. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati percepciju potrošača o primjeni personaliziranih marketinških kampanja te utvrditi kako su takve inovacije utjecale na njihovo ponašanje i lojalnost. Istraživanje je provedeno anketnim upitnikom na uzorku potrošača različitih dobnih skupina.Marketing personalization helps organizations focus on potential customers and tailor products and services to their specific needs, desires, and preferences. Thanks to digitalization and recent technological advancements, personalization in marketing strategies has evolved rapidly and comprehensively, aiming to achieve better results, enhance consumer engagement, and boost brand loyalty. Organizations communicate with their consumers daily through key digital innovations, including artificial intelligence, social media, machine learning, virtual reality, and many others. With the help of these technologies, organizations successfully attract, engage, and retain consumers, making marketing more efficient, interactive, and better tailored to their needs. This study analyzed the synergy between personalization and digital innovations and their impact on long-term consumer loyalty. The research aimed to examine consumer perceptions of personalized marketing campaigns and determine how these innovations influenced their behavior and loyalty. The study was conducted using a questionnaire distributed on a sample of consumers from various age groups
Mobile Aplication development using Godot game engine on case study Racing game
No full textTrkaća video igra za uređaje s operacijskim sustavom Android. Igrač može postaviti utrku s izborom nekoliko trkaćih staza i nekoliko automobila koje može kontrolirati, a na svakoj se stazi može natjecati s protivnikom kojeg kontrolira računalo. Igra također sadrži i nekoliko izbornika i postavki. Igra je napravljena korištenjem Godot game engina, dok su modeli napravljeni u softveru za modeliranje Blender.Racing video game made for devices with Android operating system. Player has the ability to set up the race with a choice of several racetracks and several car models player can control, player can compete against an opponent controlled by the computer. The game features several menus and settings. The game was made using the Godot game engine, all the models used for the game were made in Blender
MANAGEMENT OF TRADE COMPANIES IN TOURISM
No full textTrgovačka društva mogu se podijeliti na društva osoba i društva kapitala. Društva kapitala su:
društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću, jednostavno društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću i
dioničko društvo dok su društva osoba: javno trgovačko društvo, komanditno društvo i
gospodarsko interesno udruženje. Ono što je zajedničko svim trgovačkim društvima je da su
pravne osobe, utemeljena na pravnom poslu, da posluju udruženim sredstvima, da radom pod
izvjesnom tvrtkom ostvaruju zajedničke ciljeve te da sve obveze koje su rezultat poslovanja
društva jamče isključivo njegovom imovinom. Postoji nekoliko zakona uz pomoć kojih se
reguliraju trgovačka društva u Hrvatskoj su, a među njima se ističe Zakon o trgovačkim
društvima. Kada je riječ o korporativnom upravljanju postoje različiti modeli korporativnog
upravljanja ali i stavke koje karakteriziraju dobru praksu korporativnog upravljanja. Dva su
osnovna modela korporativnog upravljanja: jednodomni i dvodomni model odnosno
anglosaksonski i europski model, a postoji i mješoviti model koji unificira karakteristike ova dva
modela. Ovi se modeli korporativnog upravljanja uvelike razlikuju u svojim osnovnim
elementima organizacije, funkcioniranja i donošenja odluka. U hrvatskim hotelskim poduzećima
dominira europski model korporativnog upravljanja. Kao iznimku valja spomenuti hotelsko
poduzeće Arenaturist d.d. Radi se o poduzeću koje je je funkcioniralo po europskom modelu
upravljanja sve do 2008. godine kada je uveden anglosaksonski model upravljanja. Ono što je
2008. spomenutom hotelskom poduzeću omogućilo prijelaz na monistički model upravljanja je Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o trgovačkim društvima.Commercial companies can be divided into companies of individuals and companies of capital.
Capital companies are: limited liability company, simple limited liability company and joint-
stock company, while personal companies are: public company, limited partnership and
economic interest association. What all companies have in common is that they are legal entities,
based on a legal business. They operate with joint funds and by working under a certain
company they achieve common goals. All obligations resulting from the company's operations
are guaranteed exclusively by its assets. There are several laws with the help of which trading
companies are regulated in Croatia. The Law on Trading Companies stands out among the rest of
them. When it comes to corporate governance, there are different models of corporate
governance, but also factors that characterize good corporate governance practice. There are two
basic models of corporate governance: unicameral and bicameral models, Anglo-Saxon and
European models, and there is also a mixed model that unifies the characteristics of these two
models. These models of corporate management differ greatly in their basic elements of
organization, functioning and decision-making. The European model of corporate management
dominates in Croatian hotel companies. One exception is the hotel company named Arenaturist
d.d. It is a company that functioned according to a dual management model until 2008. when the
Anglo-Saxon management model was introduced. The thing that enabled the aforementioned
hotel company to transition to a monistic management model was the Law on Amendments to
the Law on Commercial Companies structured in 2008
SPECIFICS OF SERVICE IN THE ARMY FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textRad u službi Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske uređen je mnogobrojnim zakonima i pravilnicima navedenima u radu. Svrha zakona i pravilnika je regulirati organizaciju, ustroj, djelokrug, prava, obveze i odgovornosti Oružanih snaga te status, prava i obveze pripadnika vojske. Neke od posebnosti vojne službe su i postojanje Etičkog kodeksa vojnih osoba koji propisuje osnovna načela i standarde ponašanja koje pripadnici Oružanih snaga moraju slijediti u obavljanju svojih dužnosti. Još jedna posebnost je i postojanje Zaklade vojne solidarnosti koja je osnovana s ciljem pružanja financijske pomoći pripadnicima Hrvatske vojske i njihovim obitelji koji se nađu u teškim životnim okolnostima. Važan dio ove službe čine i odgovornosti vojnika koja obuhvaća četiri glavna područja: kaznenu, prekršajnu, stegovnu i materijalnu odgovornost. Ove različite vrste odgovornosti osiguravaju da vojnici budu odgovorni za svoje postupke na svim razinama – pravnoj, etičkoj i financijskoj. Kršenjem prava i obveza vojna osoba može biti sankcionirana otpustom iz vojne službe. No osim otpusta kao disciplinske mjere, vojna služba može prestati zbog isteka ugovora, zdravstvenih razloga, umirovljenja ili na vlastiti zahtjev. Otpustom, osoba prestaje obavljati vojne dužnosti i vraća se u civilni život.Work in the service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia is regulated by numerous laws and regulations mentioned in this text. The purpose of these laws and regulations is to regulate the organization, structure, scope, rights, duties and responsibilities of the Armed Forces, as well as the status, rights and obligations of military personnel. Some of the specifics of military service include the existence of the Code of Ethics for military personnel, which presbribes the basic principles and standards of conduct that members of the Armed Forces must follow in the performance of their duties. Another distinctive feature is the existence of the Military Solidarity Foundation, established to provide financial assistance to members of Croatian military and their families who find themselves in difficult life cicumstances. An important part of this servise also includes the responsibilities of soliders, which encompass four mail areas: criminal, misdemeanor, disciplinary and material liabilitiy. There differen types of responsibilities ensure that soliders are held accountable for their actions on all levels – legal, ethical and financial. Violations of rights and duties may reslut in military personnel being sanctioned with dismissal from military service. However, aside from dismissal as a disciplinary measure, military service may also end due to the expiration of the contract, health reasons, retirement or at the individual's own request. Upon discharge, the individual cease to perform military duties and returns to civilian life