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TERRITORIAL SEA
No full textTeritorijalno more je pojas morskih voda, prostire se od obale ili unutarnjih morskih voda jedne zemlje u pravcu otvorenog mora, a njegovu vanjsku granicu predstavlja crta čija je udaljenost svake točke od najbliže točke polazne crte jednaka širini teritorijalnog mora. Pravilo o tome da svaka zemlja samom činjenicom da ima morsku obalu ima i vlastito teritorijalno more je preraslo u međunarodnopravnu normu, te je dio općeg međunarodnog prava i priznato je svim relevantnim međunarodnim ugovorima, te u presudama međunarodnih sudova. U radu su opisani i analizirati prostor i režim teritorijalnog mora, prolazak stranih brodova teritorijalnim morem, sudbenost obalne zemlje u teritorijalnom moru, znanstvena istraživanja i zaštita od onečišćenja. Također je analizirano teritorijalno more Hrvatske, te je dat osvrt na problem razgraničenja teritorijalnog mora na primjeru Hrvatske i Slovenije.The territorial sea is a strip of sea waters, extending from the coast or internal sea waters of a country in the direction of the open sea, and its outer border is represented by a line whose distance from each point to the nearest point of the starting line is equal to the width of the territorial sea. The rule that every country has its own territorial sea by the very fact that it has a sea coast has grown into an international legal norm, and is part of general international law and is recognized by all relevant international treaties and judgments of international courts. The paper describes and analyzes the space and regime of the territorial sea, the passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea, the destiny of coastal countries in the territorial sea, scientific research and protection against pollution. The territorial sea of Croatia was also analyzed, and a review was given of the problem of delimitation of the territorial sea using the example of Croatia and Slovenia
OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
No full text„Ured europskog javnog tužitelja (EPPO) ovlašten je za istrage, kazneni progon i podizanje optužnica za kaznena djela kojima se šteti proračunu EU-a.“ Navedeni institut je nastao u novije vrijeme, prije svega 6 godina točnije 2017. godine. Naime o uspostavi Ureda europskog javnog tužitelja (u danjem tekstu: EPPO) se raspravljalo još od 2013. godine kada je Europska komisija podnijela prijedlog za njegovu uspostavu no tek 4 godine kasnije je uspostavljen jednoglasan dogovor Vijeća i suglasnog Europskog parlamenta. Nakon uspostave ugovora donesena je i Uredba (EU) 2017/1939 o osnivanju EPPO-a. Preteća ovog ureda je radna skupina „Jedinica za koordinaciju sprečavanja prijevara” (UCLAF) koja je osnovana 1988. godine u okviru Glavnog tajništva Europske komisije. „UCLAF je radio uz nacionalne službe za borbu protiv prijevara i pružao koordinaciju i pomoć potrebne za rješavanje slučajeva transnacionalnih organiziranih prijevara.“ 1995. godine došlo je do ostavke Santerove Komisije te su počeli pristizati prijedlozi za osnivanje novog tijela za borbu protiv prijavara tzv. OLAF čiji je prvi direktor postao Franz-Hermann Brüner.
U ovom diplomskom radu obradila sam ovu temu kroz 5 točaka, i to: Europski javni tužitelj – općenito, struktura i organizacija ureda Europskog javnog tužitelja, navela sam također i zadaće i ovlasti Ureda Europskog javnog tužitelja, te utjecaj na nacionalna pravosuđa i suverenitet država članica. Rad sam zaključila sa zaključkom, popisom literature te popisom slika."The European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) is authorized to investigate, prosecute and file indictments for criminal offenses that harm the EU budget." The aforementioned institute was created recently, 6 years ago, in 2017 to be exact. Namely, the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (hereinafter: EPPO) has been discussed since 2013 when the European Commission submitted a proposal for its establishment, but it was only 4 years later that a unanimous agreement was established by the Council and the consenting European Parliament. After the establishment of the contract, Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 on the establishment of the EPPO was adopted. The threat to this office is the working group "Unit for the Coordination of Fraud Prevention" (UCLAF), which was established in 1988 within the General Secretariat of the European Commission. "UCLAF worked alongside national anti-fraud services and provided the coordination and assistance needed to resolve cases of transnational organized fraud." In 1995, the Santer Commission resigned and proposals for the establishment of a new body to fight against whistleblowers began to arrive in 1995. OLAF, whose first director was Franz-Hermann Brüner.
In this thesis, I covered this topic through 5 points, namely: The European Public Prosecutor - in general, the structure and organization of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, I also stated the tasks and powers of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, and the impact on the national judiciary and the sovereignty of the member states . I concluded the paper with a conclusion, a list of references and a list of pictures
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
No full textLjudska prava i temeljne slobode su osnovna prava svake osobe koja se stječu rođenjem te se zbog toga nazivaju prirodna prava. Razvoj ljudskih prava seže u doba različitih antičkih civilizacija i filozofskih škola kao što su grčka i rimska. Nakon strahota Drugog svjetskog rata pojavila se potreba za zaštitom ljudskih prava na međunarodnoj razini te je 1948. godine donesena Opća deklaracija o ljudskim pravima koja je jedan od najvažnijih međunarodnih dokumenata u zaštiti ljudskih prava. U Republici Hrvatskoj ljudska prava i temelje slobode propisane su u Glavi III Ustava Republike Hrvatske, gdje su podijeljena na zajedničke odredbe, osobne i političke slobode te gospodarska, socijalna i kulturna prava. Kod kršenja ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda, kao sredstvo zaštite je mogućnost podnošenja ustavne tužbe Ustavnom sudu Republike Hrvatske, tijelu izvan sustava redovnog i specijaliziranog pravosuđa koje štiti temelje ustavnog sustava demokratske države utemeljene na vladavini prava.Human rights and fundamental freedoms are every persons basic rights acquired by birth and therefore called natural rights. The development of human rights goes back to the time of different antique civilizations and philosophical schools such as Greek and Roman. After the atrocities in World War II, the necessity for human rights protection at the international level arose and consequently in 1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed. It is one of the most important international documents concerning human rights protection. Human rights and fundamental freedoms in the Republic of Croatia are regulated in Title III of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, being divided into common regulations, personal and political freedoms, and economic, social and cultural rights. In case of violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the possibility of filing a constitutional complaint to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia serves as a means of protection. The Constitutional Court is a body outside the regular and specialized judiciary system which protects the foundation of the constitutional system of a democratic state founded on the rule of law
USE OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) IN NAUTICAL TURISM
No full textOvaj rad opisuje primjenu interneta stvari (IoT) u nautičkom turizmu. Istražuje kako Internet stvari (IoT) utječe na nautički turizam, omogućavajući poboljšane usluge, sigurnost i upravljanje resursima. Fokus je stavljen na integraciju IoT uređaja na brodovima, iako IoT možemo koristiti i u lukama i drugim nautičkim objektima radi unaprjeđenja iskustva nautičkih turista.This paper describes the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in nautical tourism. It explores how the Internet of Things (IoT) affects nautical tourism, enabling improved services, safety, and resource management. The focus is placed on the integration of IoT devices on boats, although IoT can also be used in ports and other nautical facilities to enhance the experience of nautical tourists
REGULATIONS AND RULES FROM THE FIELD OF COMMUNAL ECONOMY
No full textTema ovog završnog rada obuhvaća propise i pravilnike koji se odnose na područje komunalnog gospodarstva. Zakonom i općim aktima jedinica lokalne samouprave definirane su komunalne djelatnosti, koje predstavljaju temelj suvremenog načina života. Lokalna samouprava, kao sastavni dio upravnog sustava vlasti najbliži građanima i gospodarskim subjektima, ima sposobnost praćenja, prepoznavanja i što je moguće svrhovitijeg zadovoljavanja potreba fizičkih i pravnih osoba na svom području. U skladu s važećim zakonskim propisima, u radu se istražuje koje djelatnosti se smatraju komunalnim, te kakav je značaj i uloga komunalnih djelatnosti kao javnih službi. Također, obrađuju se opća načela koja se primjenjuju prilikom obavljanja komunalnih djelatnosti, kao i način financiranja izgradnje i održavanja objekata komunalne infrastrukture te nadzor nad obavljanjem tih djelatnosti.The topic of this paper includes regulations and ordinances related to the field of municipal management. The law and general acts of local self-government units define communal activities, which represent the basis of the modern way of life. Local self-government, as an integral part of the administrative system of government closest to citizens and economic entities, has the ability to monitor, recognize and, as purposefully as possible, meet the needs of natural and legal persons in its area. In accordance with the current legal regulations, the paper investigates which activities are considered communal, and what is the significance and role of communal activities as public services. Also, the general principles that are applied when performing communal activities are discussed, as well as the way of financing the construction and maintenance of communal infrastructure facilities and the supervision of the performance of these activities
CROATIAN CHEESES WITH PROTECTED DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN AND PROTECTED GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN
No full textSir je stara prehrambena namirnica koja se koristi još od doba Mezopotamije, koja se tad koristila za preživljavanje, a danas je veoma cijenjena prehrambena namirnica. Sir se dijeli prema više karakteristika i specifičnosti, a osnovna podjela sira je prema vrsti mlijeka, prema udjelu vode u bezmasnoj tvari sira, prema udjelu mliječne masti te prema zrenju. Također kvalitetu sira možemo ispitati i prema parametrima kakvoće sira kao što su miris, okus, tekstura i izgled. Postoji tek nekolicina autohtonih namirnica Hrvatske koje nose neku od oznaka kvalitete, a koja se odnosi na proizvode koji su zaštićeni na razini cijele Europske unije, a njihova proizvodnja prati tradicionalne recepture i sukladna je propisanim specifikacijama proizvoda. Također, procesom zaštite naziva i procesa proizvodnje, proizvođači ostvaruju zaštitu vlastitog proizvoda od zloupotrebe. U posljednjih nekoliko godina radi se na tome da ugostiteljski objekti prilagode svoje menije prema tradicionalnoj gastronomskoj baštini te samim time i promoviraju izvorne hrvatske proizvode i povećaju svijest o tradicionalnoj gastronomiji kao ostavštini naših predaka.Cheese is an old grocery that has been used since the time of Mesopotamia, which was then used for survival, and today it is a highly valued grocery. Cheese is divided according to several characteristics and specificities, and the primary division of cheese is according to the type of milk, the proportion of water in the fat-free substance of the cheese, the proportion of milk fat, and the proportion of ripening. We can also test cheese quality according to quality parameters like smell, taste, texture, and appearance. There are only a few autochthonous foods in Croatia that carry one of the quality labels, which refers to products protected at the level of the European Union. Their production follows traditional recipes and complies with the prescribed product specifications. Also, by preserving the name and the production process, manufacturers protect their products from misuse. In the last few years, catering facilities have been working to adapt their menus according to the traditional gastronomic heritage, promoting original Croatian products and increasing awareness of traditional gastronomy as a legacy of our ancestors
PROMOTION OF MEAT OF INDIGENOUS ANIMAL SPECIES ZOI/ZOZP IN HOSPITALITY
No full textAutohtone životinjske pasmine, kao što su buša, istarsko govedo, istarski magarac, zagorski puran i crna slavonska svinja, predstavljaju dragocjeni dio hrvatske kulturne i biološke raznolikosti. Zaštita autohtonih pasmina i njihovih proizvoda postiže se različitim postupcima, uključujući zaštićene oznake izvornosti (ZOI) i zaštićene oznake zemljopisnog podrijetla (ZOZP). Ove oznake jamče kvalitetu i autentičnost proizvoda te doprinose očuvanju lokalne poljoprivredne baštine. Na primjer, istarsko govedo pridonosi proizvodnji vrhunske istarske govedine, koja nosi ZOZP oznaku. Zagorski puran, također s ZOZP oznakom, predstavlja delikatesu koja se tradicionalno priprema u zagorskom kraju. Crna slavonska svinja, s izvrsnim mesom, koristi se za proizvodnju različitih mesnih proizvoda. U Hrvatskoj se posebna pažnja posvećuje očuvanju ovih autohtonih životinjskih pasmina i proizvoda kako bi se sačuvala biološka raznolikost, potaknula održiva poljoprivreda i promovirala kulturna baština. Kroz ZOI i ZOZP oznake, autohtone životinje i njihovi proizvodi dobivaju priznanje i podršku, što doprinosi očuvanju ovih vrijednih resursa u Hrvatskoj.Indigenous animal breeds, such as Buša, Istrian cattle, Istrian donkey, Zagorje turkey, and Slavonian black pig, represent a valuable part of Croatia's cultural and biological diversity. The protection of indigenous breeds and their products is achieved through various mechanisms, including Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indications (PGI). These designations guarantee the quality and authenticity of the products and contribute to the preservation of local agricultural heritage. For example, Istrian cattle contributes to the production of high-quality Istrian beef, which carries the PGI label. Zagorje turkey, also with a PGI label, represents a delicacy traditionally prepared in the Zagorje region. The Slavonian black pig, known for its excellent meat, is used in the production of various meat products. In Croatia, special attention is given to the conservation of these indigenous animal breeds and products to preserve biological diversity, promote sustainable agriculture, and celebrate cultural heritage. Through PDO and PGI labels, indigenous animals and their products receive recognition and support, contributing to the preservation of these valuable resources in Croatia
ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ON GLOBAL MARKETS
No full textKonkurentska prednost poduzeća podrazumijeva njegovu sposobnost da bude ispred svojih konkurenata, a to može postići isključivo pružanjem inovativnih, originalnih i jedinstvenih proizvoda i usluga. S obzirom da današnja tržišta karakteriziraju velika i moćna konkurencija, promjenjiva okolina i neizvjesna budućnost, poduzeća moraju analizirati konkurentsku okolinu i razviti strategiju kojom će nastojati ostvariti konkurentsku prednost.
U ovom će se radu prikazati hrvatsko, ali svjetski poznato poduzeće Rimac Automobili koje proizvodi jedinstvene, inovativne i originalne proizvode u skladu sa željama i potrebama svojih kupaca uvažavajući svoje zaposlenike. Glavna je vizija ovog poduzeća kreiranje najkvalitetnijih električnih automobila i pogonskih sustava za električna vozila. U svojim samim počecima poduzeće je poslovalo u jednoj garaži, a danas ima sagrađen kampus gdje proizvodi proizvode poznate u cijelome svijetu. Upravo je poduzeće Rimac automobili dobar primjer poduzeća koje dobro i kvalitetno posluje upravo zbog postignute konkurentske prednosti. Ovo poduzeće je iz dana i dan sve uspješnije i poznatije većem broju ljudi diljem svijeta, a zasigurno će u budućnosti taj uspjeh još i više porasti.A company's competitive advantage implies its ability to be ahead of its competitors, and it can only achieve this by providing innovative, original and unique products and services. Given that today's markets are characterized by large and powerful competition, a changing environment and an uncertain future, companies must analyze the competitive environment and develop a strategy to achieve a competitive advantage.
This paper will present the Croatian, but world-famous company Rimac Automobili, which produces unique, innovative and original products in accordance with the wishes and needs of its customers, respecting its employees. The main vision of this company is to create the highest quality electric cars and drive systems for electric vehicles. In its very beginnings, the company operated in a garage, and today it has a built campus where it produces products known all over the world. The company Rimac automobili is a good example of a company that does good and quality business precisely because of its competitive advantage. This company is becoming more and more successful and known to more and more people all over the world, and this success will surely grow even more in the future
REGULAR AND EXTRAORDINARY LEGAL REMEDIES IN ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
No full textU radu su analizirani postupci, pravila i važnost pravnih lijekova u osiguravanju pravne zaštite stranaka u upravnom postupku. Neminovna je važnost razumijevanja redovnih i izvanrednih pravnih lijekova. Naime, oni imaju iznimno važnu ulogu u pravnom sustavu svake države jer omogućuju ispravljanje grešaka u radu javne vlasti, bilo da su uzrokovane slučajnošću ili namjernim postupanjem javnih službenika ili stranaka u postupku. Drugim riječima, redovni pravni lijekovi omogućuju strankama da preispitaju odluke prvostupanjskih tijela i zaštite svoja prava. S druge strane, izvanredni pravni lijekovi dodatne mogućnosti strankama u slučajevima kada redovni lijekovi nisu dovoljni ili kada su povrijeđena temeljna prava. Redovni su pravni lijekovi žalba i prigovor, dok izvanredne čine obnova postupka, mijenjanje i poništavanje rješenja u vezi s upravnim sporom, oglašavanje rješenja ništavim i poništavanje (ukidanje) rješenja. Važno je da stranke budu informirane o postupcima, rokovima i zahtjevima za izjavljivanje pravnih lijekova. Pritom pravni profesionalci imaju važnu ulogu u pružanju stručne podrške i savjetovanju stranaka kako bi se osigurala pravna valjanost i pravičnost u upravnom postupku. Kroz kontinuirano usavršavanje i praćenje pravne prakse, stranke i pravni stručnjaci mogu pridonijeti učinkovitom korištenju pravnih lijekova. Važno je promicati svjesnost o alternativnim metodama rješavanja sporova i njihovoj primjeni kad god je to prikladno. Zaključno se može reći da je ispravno korištenje redovnih i izvanrednih pravnih lijekova ključno za pružanje pravne zaštite strankama u upravnom postupku. To doprinosi održavanju pravne sigurnosti, pravičnosti i povjerenja u upravni sustav.The paper analyzes procedures, rules and the importance of legal remedies in ensuring the legal protection of parties in administrative proceedings. The importance of understanding regular and extraordinary legal remedies is inevitable. Namely, they play an extremely important role in the legal system of every country because they enable the correction of errors in the work of public authorities, whether they are caused by chance or the intentional actions of public officials or litigants. In other words, regular legal remedies allow parties to review the decisions of first-instance bodies and protect their rights. On the other hand, extraordinary legal remedies provide additional opportunities for parties in cases where regular remedies are not sufficient or when fundamental rights are violated. Ordinary legal remedies are appeals and objections, while extraordinary ones include renewal of the procedure, changing and annulment of a decision in connection with an administrative dispute, declaration of a decision as null and void (cancellation) of a decision. It is important that the parties are informed about the procedures, deadlines and requirements for declaring legal remedies. At the same time, legal professionals play an important role in providing expert support and advising parties in order to ensure legal validity and fairness in the administrative procedure. Through continuous training and monitoring of legal practice, parties and legal experts can contribute to the effective use of legal remedies. It is important to promote awareness of alternative dispute resolution methods and their application whenever appropriate. In conclusion, it can be said that the correct use of regular and extraordinary legal remedies is essential for providing legal protection to parties in administrative proceedings
Market analysis of insurance in the Republic of Croatia
No full textOsiguranje je neizostavan segment suvremenog društva i ekonomije koji omogućuje pojedincima i organizacijama da se zaštite od financijskih gubitaka uzrokovanih različitim rizicima kao što su nesreće, bolesti, prirodne katastrofe ili gubitak imovine. Ono obuhvaća različite vrste koje pružaju zaštitu od različitih rizika, a izbor vrste osiguranja ovisi o individualnim potrebama i prioritetima. Na tržištu osiguranja djeluju osiguravajuća društva koji pružaju police osiguranja u zamjenu za premiju koja se redovito plaća. U slučaju događaja osiguranja, osiguravajuće društvo nadoknađuje štetu ili pruža financijsku potporu kako bi pomogao osiguraniku da se oporavi. Na taj način osiguranje ima ključnu ulogu u stabilizaciji financijskog rizika i pruža sigurnost pojedincima i društvu u cjelini. U tu svrhu, analiza ključnih pokazatelja koji ocjenjuju snagu i profitabilnost ove industrije postaje neophodna. Ti pokazatelji uključuju omjer vlastitih sredstava u odnosu na ukupne izvore sredstava, omjer broja zaposlenika i premija po zaposlenom, omjer šteta i premija, imovinu društava za osiguranje i broj ugovorenih osiguranja. Na temelju ovih podataka, stječe se uvid u financijsku održivost i vitalnost tržišta osiguranja Republike Hrvatske koje se u 2022. godini suočilo s brojnim promjenjivim ekonomskim, društvenim i tehnološkim faktorima te koji su oblikovali njegovu dinamiku i rast.Insurance is an essential segment of modern society and the economy that allows individuals and organizations to protect themselves from financial losses caused by various risks such as accidents, illnesses, natural disasters or property loss. It encompasses various types that provide protection against different risks and the choice of insurance type depends on individual needs and priorities. Insurance companies operate in the insurance market, offering insurance policies in exchange for a regularly paid premium. In case of an insured event, the insurance company compensates for the damage or provides financial support to help the policyholder recover. In this way, insurance plays a crucial role in stabilizing financial risk and provides security to individuals and society as a whole. For this purpose, the analysis of key indicators assessing the strength and profitability of this industry becomes essential. These indicators include the ratio of equity to total assets, the ratio of the number of emmployees to premiums per employee, the ratio of claims to premiums, the assets of insurance companies and the number of insurance policies. Based on this data, insights into the financial sustainability and vitality of the insurance market in Croatia are gained, which faced numerous changing economic, social and technological factors in 2022, shaping its dynamics and growth