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DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN THE REHABILITATION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES
No full textUvod: Jedna od najčešćih ozljeda zgloba koljena je ruptura prednjeg križnog ligamenta (lat. anterior cruciate ligament). Ona se najčešće javlja u mladih i aktivnih osoba, te za sobom može ostaviti negativne dugoročne fizičke i psihičke posljedice. Za uspostavu dijagnoze ozljede potrebna je potpuna anamneza, dobar klinički pregled i ako je potrebno magnetska rezonancija. Cilj: Sistematičnim pregledom literature utvrditi učinkovitost različitih operativnih i konzervativnih pristupa kod tretiranja ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta. Materijali i metode: Baze podataka PubMed, ProQuest i SAGE journals sistamatično su pretraživane prema ključnim riječima na engleskom jeziku: acl injuries, acl reconstruction, acl conservative treatment. Rezultati: Za daljnju obradu izabrano je 12 istraživačkih članaka koji su ispitivali učinke različitih metoda konzervativnog i operativnog liječenja kod ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta. Zaključak: Rezultati pretraživanja ukazali su da ne postoji jedinstvena metoda liječenja kod ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta. Odabir pristupa liječenja ovisi o dobi te vrsti i razini aktivnosti ozlijeđenog. Trenutni dokazi ukazuju na sličnost prosječnih dugoročnih ishoda između operativnog i konzervativnog liječenja ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta. Iznimku čine mladi sportaši i sportaši na visokoj natjecateljskoj razini kod kojih rekonstrukcijska metoda daje superiornije rezultate u odnosu na konzervativnu rehabilitaciju.Background and Purpose: One of the most common injuries of the knee joint is rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (lat. anterior cruciate ligament - ACL). The most often occurs in young and active people and can leave behind negative long-term physical and psychological consequences. To establish a diagnosis it is necessary to have a complete medical history, a good clinical examination, and in some cases magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this graduate thesis is to systematically review the literature to determine the effectiveness of different operative and conservative approaches in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Materials and Methods: PubMed, ProQuest, and SAGE journals databases were searched by keywords in English: ACL injuries, ACL reconstruction, ACL conservative treatment. Results: 12 research articles were selected that examined the effects of different methods of conservative and operative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Conclusion: There is no single method of treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The choice of treatment depends on obtaining type and level of the activity of the injured. Current evidence suggests a similarity of average long-term outcomes between the surgical and conservative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The exceptions are young athletes and athletes of high competitive level in whom the reconstruction method gives superior results compared to conservative rehabilitation
THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION
No full textPravo na pristup informacijama u Republici Hrvatskoj je pravo svakog građanina kao i sastavni dio njegove slobode traženja i informiranja, a regulirano je Ustavom Republike Hrvatske i Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama čiji je sadržaj i glavne odredbe prikazane u ovom radu. Cilj Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama je omogućiti i osigurati ostvarivanje Ustavom Republike Hrvatske zajamčeno pravo na pristup informacijama, kao i na ponovnu upotrebu informacijama fizičkim i pravnim osobama putem otvorenosti i javnosti djelovanja tijela javne vlasti čije su odredbe Zakona usklađene propisima Europske unije. U radu se analizira sam Zakon o pravu na informacijama te svaki dio pojedinačno što uključuje načela, obveze tijela javne vlasti, te koja su to ograničenja prava na pristup informacijama, te načini ostvarivanja prava, ponovna upotreba informacija i Povjerenika za informiranje kao institut te njegova izvješća o provedbi prava na pristup informacija. Na kraju rada se nalazi zaključak o tome je li Zakon o pravu na pristup informacijama na dobar način propisao pravo na pristup informacijama i ponovnu uporabu informacija.The right to access information in the Republic of Croatia is the right of every citizen as well as an integral part of his freedom of request and information, and is regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the Law on the Right to Access Information. The aim of the Right to Access Information Act enables and ensures the exercise of the right to access information guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, as well as the reuse of information by public and legal personnel through openness and publicity of public authorities whose regulations are harmonized with EU regulations. The paper analyzes the Law on the Right to Information and each article individually, which includes principles, obligations of public authorities, restrictions on the right to access information, ways of exercising rights, reusing of information and the Commissioner for Information as an institute and his reports of proven rights of access to information. At the end of the paper, there is a conclusion on whether the Law on the Right to Access Information has properly prescribed to access and reuse information
MODERN MECHANISMS FOR REALIZING THE PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
No full textInformiranost građana postaje jedan o važnih čimbenika za jednakost, ravnopravnost, a i njihovu sigurnost. Ovo pravo građana je osnovno ljudsko pravo, a i propisano je Ustavom Republike Hrvatske kao ustavno pravo. Javnost rada uprave se osigurava na način da tijela javne vlasti objavljuju informacije o svom radu i na taj način informiraju građane o svom radu. Transparentnost uprave je jedno od načela bez kojeg suvremena uprava ne bi postojala, jer je u povijesti uprava bila tajna i građani nisu imali pravo da imaju uvid u njen rad. Uvid u rad uprave omogućava kontroliranje rada te se nezakonite radnje teže provode i lakše otkrivaju. Javnost rada uprave znači objavljivanje informacija o svom radu i davanje informacija.Citizens' awareness is becoming one of the important factors for equality, equality, and their security. This right of citizens is a basic human right, and it is prescribed by Constitution of Republic Croatia as a constitutional right. The publicity of the work of the administration is ensured in a way that public authorities publish information about their work and in that way inform citizens about their work. Transparency of administration is one of the principles without which modern administration would not exist, because in history administration was a secret and citizens did not have the right to have insight into its work. Insight into the work of the administration enables the control of work, and illegal actions are more difficult to carry out and easier to detect. Publicity of the work of the administration means publishing information about its work and providing information
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC PROCESS IN PATIENTS WITH BACK PAIN
No full textKrižobolja predstavlja jedan od vodećih problema onesposobljenosti u svijetu. Gotovo da nema osobe koja barem jednom u životu nije osjetila i imala simptome križobolje koje se najčešće očituju kroz bol. Križobolja može biti akutna, subakutna i kronična, dok najveći broj osoba koji pati od ovog sindroma nalazi se već u kroničnoj fazi. Veliku ulogu u prevenciji i liječenju ovoga stanja ima fizioterapija. Često se pomoću nje uspije izbjeći neki radikalniji način liječenja ili operativni zahvat. Fizioterapija se ovdje sastoji od uobičajene fizioterapijske procjene, koja se dijeli na objektivnu i subjektivnu uz provođenje određenih specifičnih testova karakterističnih za dijagnozu kriţobolje. Po utvrđivanju pacijentovog stanja, radi se plan fizioterapijskog liječenja koji će obuhvaćati u prvo redu klasične fizioterapijske procedure kao što je elektroterapija. Tu će se primjenjivati laser, TENS, galvanizacija i elektrostimulacija. Osim toga, sve veći značaj u liječenju križobolja ima i manualna terapija. Koncepti i metode koje se najčešće primjenjuju kod križobolje i daju iznimno dobre rezultate jesu Cyriax, McKnezie, Maitland, Mulligan i Kaltenborn. U radu je pružen uvid koliko je koja od svih navedenih tehnika fizioterapije korisna u liječenju križobolja.Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. There is almost no person who didn’t experience symptoms of low back pain at least once in their lifetime. Low back pain can be acute, subacute and chronic, while most people suffering from low back pain experienced when it is already in the chronic phase. Physical therapy has big role in the prevention and treatment of this condition. It is often used to avoid a more radical treatment or surgery. Physiotherapy usually consists of the physiotherapy assessment, which is divided into objective and subjective with specific tests. After determining patient's condition, a physiotherapy treatment plan is made. That plan will primarily include classic physiotherapy procedures such as electrotherapy which consist of laser therapy, TENS, galvanization and electrostimulation. Manual therapy is also becoming increasingly important in the treatment of low back pain. The concepts and methods that are most commonly used in low back pain and give great results are Cyriax, McKnezie, Maitland, Mulligan and Kaltenborn. This paper provides an insight into how useful each of the listed physiotherapy techniques is in the treatment of low back pain
KNOWLEDGE OF PREVENTIVE PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS ABOUT SPORTS NUTRITION
No full textFizioterapeuti su neizostavni članovi sportskog tima. Osim njihove ključne uloge u rehabilitaciji i prevenciji, važno je da posjeduju znanje o prehrani kako bi sportašu, uz trenera i nutricionista, mogli pomoći svojim savjetima. Kod pravilne prehrane važna je količina, raspored i vrijeme unošenja odgovarajućih nutrijenata. Dakako, to se razlikuje individualno, kod svake osobe, kao i kod određenih sportova. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi znanje studenata 1. i 2. godine specijalističkog diplomskog stručnog studija preventivne fizioterapije Veleučilišta „Lavoslav Ružička“ u Vukovaru o sportskoj prehrani. Glavna problematika rada temelji se na tome da postoji velika zainteresiranost za sportsku prehranu te postoji velik broj istraživanja s tom tematikom, no unatoč tome, dokazano je da sportaši u načelu imaju slično znanje o pravilnoj prehrani kao i ostatak populacije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 43 studenta, a istraživanje je provedeno u obliku anketnog upitnika od 4 općenita pitanja i 23 pitanja vezana za sportsku prehranu. Rezultati dobiveni anketnim upitnikom obrađeni su statističkom analizom te su prikazani u obliku tablica i grafikona. Rezultati su pokazali da studenti 1. i 2. godine specijalističkog diplomskog stručnog studija imaju slično znanje o sportskoj prehrani te da nema statistički značajne razlike u znanju između studenata koji se bave sportom, od studenata koji se ne bave nikakvom aktivnošću, čime hipoteze nisu potvrđene.Physiotherapists are indispensable members of the sports team. In addition to their key roles in rehabilitation and prevention, it is important that they possess knowledge of helping athletes with their advice, along with coaches and nutricionists. The most important in adequate nutrition are the amount, schedule and timing of the intake of nutrients. Of course, this varies individually, for each person, as well as for certain sports. The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge of 1st and 2nd year students of the specialist graduate professional study of preventive physiotherapy of the Polytechinic „Lavoslav Ružička“ in Vukovar on sports nutrition. The main problem of the research is based on the fact that there is a great interest in sports nutrition and there is a lot of research on this topic, despite that, it is proven that athletes in principle have the same knowledge of adequate nutrition as the rest of the population. A total of 43 students participated in the research, and the survey was conducted in the form of a questionnare of 4 general questions and 23 questions related to sports nutrition. The results obtained by the survey questionnare were processed by statistical analyzes and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that 1st and 2nd year students of specialist graduate professional studies have similar knowledge about sports nutrition and there is no statistically significant difference in knowledge between students who play sports, from students that do not engage in any activity, which did not confirm the hypotheses
APPLICATION OF PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
No full textAdhezivni kapsulitis ramena je patološki proces u kojem tijelo stvara ožiljak ili priraslice preko glenohumeralnog zgloba, što dovodi do boli, ukočenosti i disfunkcije. To je iscrpljujuće stanje koje se može pojaviti spontano (primarni ili idiopatski adhezivni kapsulitis) ili nakon operacije ili traume na ramenu (sekundarni adhezivni kapsulitis). Povijest ovog stanja je opisana kao da se događa u 3 različite kliničke faze: 1. “faza smrzavanja” ili “bolna faza”, 2. “smrznuta faza” ili “ljepljiva faza” i 3. “faza odmrzavanja” ili “faza regresije”. Ukupna učestalost bolesti iznosi 3% do 5%, s najvećom incidencijom u dobi između 35 i 65 godina većinom kod žena. Pacijenti s dijabetesom imaju povećani rizik od razvoja idiopatskog adhezivnog kapsulitisa i veću stopu neuspješnog neoperativnog liječenja. Fizikalna terapija, intervencija i postupci su prva linija liječenja ove dijagnoze, uzimajući u obzir simptome i stadij bolesnika. Liječenje uključuje uz pendularne vježbe, manualnu terapiju, terapijske vježbe i primjenu raznih oblika fizikalnih procedura kao što su: terapijski ultrazvuk, laserska terapija, transkutana električna stimulacija živaca (TENS), impulsna terapija elektromagnetskim poljem, interferentne struje, sonoforeza, jonoforeza, termoterapija, krioterapija, ekstrakorporalna terapija udarnim valom i mnoge druge. Potrebno je uzeti u obzir mjere ishoda koje su od najveće važnosti za pacijente. S obzirom na mehanizam djelovanja modaliteta elektroterapije, utvrdilo se da su smanjenje boli i povećanje opsega pokreta glavni ciljevi liječenja u svrhu poboljšanja aktivnosti svakodnevnoga života.Adhesive shoulder capsulitis is a pathological process in which the body creates a scar or adhesions over the glenohumeral joint, leading to pain, stiffness and dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that can occur spontaneously (primary or idiopathic adhesive capsulitis) or after surgery or trauma to the shoulder (secondary adhesive capsulitis). The history of this condition is described as events in 3 different clinical phases: first “freezing phase” or “painful phase”, second “frozen phase” or “sticky phase” and third “thawing phase” or “regression phase”. The overall incidence of the disease is 3% to 5%, with the highest incidence between the ages of 35 and 65 with a mild prevalence in women. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing idiopathic adhesive capsulitis and a higher rate of failed non-surgical treatment. Physical therapy, intervention, and procedures are the first line of treatment for this diagnosis, taking into account the symptoms and stage of the patient. Treatment includes various forms of physical therapy such as pendular exercises, manual therapy, therapy exercises, and application of numerous physical agents such as:: therapeutic ultrasound, laser therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, interference currents, sonophoresis, ionophoresis, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy and many others. Outcome measures that are of the utmost importance to patients need to be considered. Given the mechanism of action of electrotherapy modalities, it has been found that reducing pain and increasing range of motion are the main goals of treatment in order to improve daily life activities
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OF INDEFINITE DURATION
No full textPravo na rad je jedno od osnovnih prava čovjeka i ono se u Republici Hrvatskoj jamči Ustavom Republike Hrvatske svim stanovnicima. Najznačajniji nacionalni, odnosno domaći izvori radnog prava, su uz Ustav RH, zakoni, kolektivni ugovori, pravilnici o radu i ugovori o radu. Uz njih postoje i mnogi drugi propisi, zakoni i podzakonski akti, kojima se određuje područje radnog prava, ali i drugi izvori. Zakonom o radu su u Republici Hrvatskoj uređeni radni odnosi, a radni odnos započinje, odnosno zasniva se sklapanjem ugovora o radu, koji je i tema ovog završnog rada i koji će biti predstavljen u nastavku rada.The right to work is one of the basic human rights and it is guaranteed in the Republic of Croatia by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia to all residents. The most important national and domestic sources of labor law are, in addition to the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, laws, collective agreements, labor regulations and employment contracts. In addition to them, there are many other regulations, laws and bylaws, which determine the area of labor law, but also other sources. The Labor Law regulates labor relations in the Republic of Croatia, and the employment relationship begins, i.e. is established by concluding an employment contract, which is also the topic of this final paper and which will be presented in the continuation of the work
PHYSIOTHERAPY APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
No full textOsteoartritis je najčešća bolest zglobova i spada u skupine bolesti koje nastaju kao rezultat mehaničkih i bioloških zbivanja. Osteoartritis može se pojaviti na bilo kojem zglobu, ali je najčešći u zglobovima vratne i slabinske kralježnice te u kuku, koljenu i zglobovima prstiju šaka. Ipak, najveću važnost imaju osteoartritis kuka i koljena jer oni uzrokuju najnepovoljnije posljedice. Najčešći simptomi osteoartritisa koljena su bol i smanjen opseg pokreta, no oni se često zanemaruju sve dok ne dođe do problema u izvođenju aktivnosti svakodnevnog života. Liječenje osteoartritisa je složeno i dijeli se na više kombiniranih vrsta kao što su farmakološko, kirurško i nefarmakološko liječenje. Fizioterapija spada u nefarmakološko liječenje osteoartritisa te postoje jasni dokazi o njenom povoljnom učinku na smanjenje boli i poboljšanja funkcije. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati fizioterapijske postupke u liječenju osteoartritisa koljenog zglob.Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and it belongs to a group of diseases that occur as a result of mechanical and biological events. Osteoarthritis can appear at any joint, but it is most common in neck and lumber spine joints, hips, knees and wrist knuckles. However, the utmost importance have hip and knee osteoarthritis because they cause the most adverse consequences. Typical simptoms of knee osteoarthritis are pain and reduced range of movement, but they are often neglected until a problem appears in the performance of everyday activities. Treatment of osteoarthritis is complicated and is divided into more combined types like pharmacological, surgical and nonpharmacological treatment. Physiotherapy belongs to nonpharmacological treatment of the osteoarthritis and there is clear evidence about its favorable effect on pain reduction and function improvements. The main goal of this paper is to show physiotherapy procedures in treating knee joint osteoarthritis
POSSIBILITIES OF FINANCING PROJECTS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT UNITS FROM EU FUNDS ON THE EXEMPLE OF VUKOVAR-SRIJEM COUNTY
No full textEuropski fondovi su izvor financijskih sredstva kojim Europska unija pruža pomoć državama članicama u ispunjenju ciljeva koji moraju biti u skladu s važećom razvojnom strategijom Europske unije te u skladu s nacionalnim partnerskim sporazumima i operativnim programima. Glavni cilj EU fondova je poticanje daljnjeg ulaganja u razvoj gospodarstva, inovacija i ljudskih potencijala. Republika Hrvatska koristi mogućnosti koje im EU fondovi nude i prije samog ulaska u EU, dok je nakon 1. srpnja 2013. dobila mogućnost punopravnog korištenja sredstava kao i ostale članice. U ovom je radu analizirana mogućnost korištenja EU fondova s naglaskom na jedinice regionalne samouprave, odnosno županije. Cilj završnog rada bio je prikazati mogućnosti financiranja projekata na razini Republike Hrvatske na primjeru regionalne samouprave te analizirati konkretan primjer jedne županije. U ovom slučaju to je Vukovarsko-srijemska županija koja se ubraja u najmanje razvijene županije u Republici Hrvatskoj, ali i županija koja dosta aktivno koristi mogućnost financiranja svojih projekata.The European funds are a source of funding through which the European Union provides financial instruments to Member States to meet objectives that must be in line with the current development strategy of the European Union and in accordance with the national partnership agreements and operational programs. The main goal of the EU funds is to encourage further investment in economic development, inovations and human resources. The Republic of Croatia has been using the opportunities offered by the EU funds before joining the EU, whereas after 1 July 2013 it was given the opportunity to fully use the funds like other member states. This paper analyzes the possibility of using the EU funds with an emphasis on regional self-government, that is Croatian counties. The aim of the final work was to present the possibilities of financing projects at the level of the Republic of Croatia on the example of counties, as well as to analyze a concrete example of a county. In this case, it was the Vukovar-Srijem County, which is one of the least developed counties in the Republic of Croatia
DIETOTHERAPY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN OSTEOPOROSIS
No full textOsteoporoza je najčešća bolest kostiju koju karakterizira smanjena koštana masa i poremećena struktura, kao i nedostatna mineralizacija, što rezultira smanjenjem njezine čvrstoće i elastičnosti te povećanjem mogućnosti učestalosti prijeloma. Osteoporoza se naziva „tihom epidemijom“ jer je riječ o bolesti bez tipične boli čiji su simptomi neprimjetni do prvog prijeloma. Rizični su čimbenici za nastanak osteoporoze: geni, poremećaj prehrane, rana menopauza kod žena, bolesti, lijekovi, način života i prehrana. Osteoporozu je moguće liječiti farmakološki i nefarmakološki. Farmakološkim liječenjem pokušava se djelovati na usporavanje gubitka koštanog tkiva te samim time na smanjenje mogućnosti prijeloma. Nefarmakološko liječenje podrazumijeva pravilnu prehranu i tjelesnu aktivnost. Pojedinim namirnicama moguće je poboljšati ili pogoršati tijek bolesti. Stoga je neupitna važnost prehrane kako bi se smanjio rizik nastanka osteoporoze ili spriječio daljnji razvoj bolesti. Od velike su važnosti i tjelesna aktivnost te fizioterapijski postupci kojima se postiže elastičnost kostiju te poboljšava njihova čvrstoća, a samim time i smanjuju lomovi kostiju. Od iznimne važnosti je edukacija radi povećanja znanja o uzrocima i čimbenicima osteoporoze, radi prikaza vrijednosti ranog otkrivanja i prevencije osteoporoze te otkrivanja načina liječenja koje daje najbolje rezultate. Cilj je ovoga rada predstaviti osteoporozu te rizične čimbenike ključne za njezin nastanak. Isto tako, i prikazati načine dijagnosticiranja i liječenja. Jedan od osnovnih načina prevencije i ublažavanja simptoma osteoporoze je prehrana. Stoga je cilj rada prikazati važnost dijetoterapije i važnost tjelesne aktivnosti, kinezioloških tretmana te elektroterapije, magnetoterapije i masaže.Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deformities, as well as insufficient mineralization, combination of which leads to a significant decrease in bone firmness and elasticity, followed by an increase in fracture frequency. Osteoporosis is sometimes referred to as a “silent epidemic” because it is a disease without any typical pain pattern and its symptoms are often overlooked up until the first fracture. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis are: genetic heritage, eating disorders, early menopause, other comorbidities, some drugs, lifestyle and diet. Osteoporosis can be treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Pharmacological treatment slows down bone tissue degradation, and consequently, reduces the risk of bone fractures. Non-pharmacological treatment is based on a well balanced diet and physical activity. Certain foods can affect the course of the disease negatively or positively, so the importance of nutrition has an unquestionable role in the reduction of risk for developing osteoporosis and the management of the course of the disease. Physical activity and physiotherapeutic methods are extremely important when it comes to restoring bone elasticity and firmness. Education is also essential when it comes to raising awareness about the causes and risk factors for osteoporosis, about the importance of early diagnosis and prevention, and, most importantly, about the best ways to manage this disease. The goal of this paper is to introduce osteoporosis and risk factors crucial for this disease, as well as presenting different diagnostic and treatment methods. One of main prevention and symptome reduction methodes for osteoporosis is proper diet. These are all reasons for including dietary instructions and the importance of physical activity, kinesiological treatments and electrotherapy, magnetotheraphy and massages in this paper