Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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MONETARY POLICY AND ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textU ovom radu prikazat će se i analizirati monetarna politika Republike Hrvatske te njezin utjecaj na cjelokupno gospodarstvo. U svim modernim državama monetarna politika ima jednu od najvažnijih uloga.Monetarna politika neke zemlje zadužena je za emitiranje novca unutar države. Svojim radom odgovorna je za provođenje kreditne i novčane politike te osiguranje likvidnosti na domaćem i stranom tržištu. Sam način izvedbe i odabira instrumenata ovisi od države do države koje same izabiru kojim instrumentima će posvetiti više truda i rada.Središnja banka svake države provedbom monetarne politike postavlja ciljeve kako bi održala pozitivan rast svojega gospodarstva. Glavni cilj Hrvatske narodne banke je održati stabilan tečaj hrvatske kune prema euru, što garantira daljnju financijsku stabilnost gospodarstva. Regulacijom deviznog tečaja utječe se na ekonomske aktivnosti u državi.This paper will present and analyze the monetary policy of the Republic of Croatia and it's impact on the entire economy. In all modern countires, monetary policy has one of the most important roles. The monetary policy of a country is in charge of issuing money in the country. Through it's work, it is responsible for implementing credit and monetary policy and ensuring liquidity in the domestic and foreign markets. The way in which instruments are performed and selected depends on the country, which chooses which instruments to devote more effort and work to. The Central bank of each country sets goals by implementing monetary policy in order to maintain the positive growth of it's economy. The main goal of the Croatia National Bank is to mainain a stable exchange rate of the Croatian kuna against the euro, which guarantees further financial stability of the economy. The regulation of the exchange rate affects economic activities in the country
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
No full textUpravljanje odnosima s kupcima ili CRM (Customer Relationship Management) poslovni je model, strategija, filozofija, proces planiranja, infrastruktura gospodarskog subjekta i još mnogo toga. Klijent je stavljen u fokus i ključna je postavka cijelog sustava. Uloga trgovca je zadovoljiti potrebe kupaca kako bi oni postali vjerni prema poduzeću koje mu pruža uslugu ili proizvod. Osim toga, CRM ima velike prednosti ako njegova sprovedba bude kvalitetna. Uz CRM djelatnici kvalitetnije i aktivnije izvršavaju svoje zadatke jer su direkntno upoznati s konačnim ciljevima poslovanja. O CRM-u će se u ovom završnom radu govoriti kao o jednoj od ključnih stvari kvalitetnog poslovanja u području trgovine.Customer Relationship Management is a business system, strategy, philospohy, planning process, infrastructure of a business subject and many more. The focus is on the client who is the key segment of the overall system. The role odf a salesperson is to satisfy the customer's needs in a way that the client becomes a royal consumer of a company's service or product. Furthermore, if the implementration od CRM is of high quality, it will be even more effective. Due to CRM, managers will be able to perform their work more effective and active because it enables them to get well acquainted with the final goal of their business. In this paper CRM will be discussed as one of the key elements in performing high-quality business in the field of trade
POSTOPERATIVE KINESITHERAPY WITH WHOLE-BODY ELECTROMUSCULAR STIMULATOR XBODY
No full textPostoperativna kineziterapija je najvažniji dio rehabilitacijskog procesa koji omogućuje vraćanje funkcije oštećenog dijela i tijela uopće. Ograničenja drugim dijagnozama ili vremenom koji je na raspolaganju u tom procesu, zahtjeva pomoć aparata. U ovom radu prikazan proces s aparatom X Body koji može brže vratiti snagu i izdržljivost mišića se pokazao djelotvornim. Uskladiti pravovremeno aktiviranje svih potrebnih mišićnih skupina da bi se pokret odradio što ekonomičnije i produktivnije je krajnji cilj, kojem prethode snaženje stabilizatora trupa, agonista i sinergista pokreta, kao i antagonista koji omogućuju fine kokontrakcije u fluidnom cikličnom pokretanju. U ovom prikazu slučaja aparat za elektromišićnu stimulaciju cijelog tijela (WB EMS) pomogao je svojim impulsima preko elektroda prenijeti podražaj te aktivirati sve potrebne mišiće, te mišićne skupine cijelih kinetičkih lanaca potrebnih za određeni pokret.Post-operative kinesiotherapy is the most important part of the rehabilitation process, which allows the return of functions to individual damaged parts as well as parts of the body itself. Limitations which are set by other diagnosis or a lack of time for the process can be amended by the help of devices. The effective and improved return of strength and endurance through the X-Body device will be shown throughout this scientific work. The coordination of precise and timely activation of all required muscular groups for the most economic and productive movement is the end goal, which is preceded by the strengthening of the body stabilizers, the agonists and synergists of movement, as well as antagonists, which allow fine co-contractions in a fluid and cyclic motion. In this display, the device for electro-muscular stimulation of the whole body (WB EMS) helped in the activation of all muscles and muscle groups which are needed in the kinetic chain resulting in a specific movement, through the impulses of the device which were transmited via electrodes
PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN THE WORKING POPULATION
No full textKoštani sustav čini potporu tijelu, štit unutarnjim organima i hvatište mišićima. Kosti su građene od koštanog, hrskavičnog i vezivnog tkiva. Promjene na kostima tijekom razvoja klinički su vrlo važne jer je koštana starost opći pokazatelj rasta u djece i mladeži. Starenjem kostiju dolazi do veće mogućnosti prijeloma kosti, a to je prvi pokazatelj osteoporoze. Osteoporoza je velik zdravstveni problem koji obuhvaća velik broj ljudi u svijetu, češće žene nego muškarce. Simptomi bolesti javljaju se kada je bolest već razvijena i ne može se izliječiti. Na osteoporozu utječu različiti rizični čimbenici, na neke čimbenike se može utjecati, a na neke ne. Dijagnozu osteoporoze potrebno je uspostaviti prije prijeloma kosti, kako bi se simptomi i posljedice bolesti što više ublažili. Osteoporoza je bolest koja nema lijeka, stoga je najučinkovitija metoda - prevencija. Prevenciju treba provoditi što ranije, poželjno kod radno aktivne populacije (u dobi između 15. i 65. godina) kako se osteoporoza ne bi ni pojavila. Prevencija se sastoji od adekvatnog unosa kalcija, vitamina D, pravilne prehrane i redovne tjelesne aktivnosti.The skeletal system makes up the supporting body, inside of the internal organs and grips the muscles. Bones are made up of bone, cartilage and connective tissue. Developmental changes in the bones are very important for the field of clinical medicine. Bone age is a general indicator of growth in children and adolescents. As bones age, there is a greater possibility of bone fractures, and this is the first indicator of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a major health problem that affects a large number of people in the world, more often women than men. Symptoms of the disease occur when the disease has already developed and cannot be cured. Osteoporosis is affected by a variety of risk factors, some may be controlled but some may not. The diagnosis of osteoporosis should be made before the bone fracture, in order to alleviate the symptoms and consequences of the disease as much as possible. Osteoporosis is an untreatable disease, so the most effective method of controlling it is prevention. Prevention should be carried out as early as possible, preferably in working populations (aged between 15 and 65) so that osteoporosis does not even occur. Prevention consists of adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, proper diet and regular physical activity
POSSIBILITIES OF A MODERN PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO PERSONS IN LATE CARDIAC REHABILITATION
No full textBolesti srca i krvnih žila ili kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) i dalje su vodeći uzroci smrti i invalidnosti širom svijeta. One zahtijevaju uključenje u program kardiološke rehabilitacije čiji je osnovni cilj vraćanje izgubljene funkcije ili oslabljene sposobnosti za rad i za život općenito, odnosno izbjegavanje ili smanjivanje invalidnosti, a samim time se poboljšava kvaliteta života. Uzroci kardiovaskularnih bolesti u mnogobrojni te zahtijevaju uključenje u kardiološku rehabilitaciju. Kardiološka rehabilitacija se sastoji od 3 faze; prva ili rana faza, druga ili konvalescentna i treća ili kasna faza. Može se provoditi stacionarno, ambulantno i u kući. Jak razvoj informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija uvelike je doprinio i suvremenom pristupu u fizioterapiji. Mnoge nove, suvremene tehnologije poput različitih videoigara, mobilnih aplikacija, virtualne stvarnosti, reklama i društvenih mreža koriste se u trećoj, doživotnoj fazi kardiološke rehabilitacije. One omogućuju pacijentu veću motivaciju za bavljenje tjelesnom aktivnošću, ciljano usmjeravaju trening te pružaju privlačno, cjelovito okruženje.Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death and disability around the world, thus including patients in cardiac rehabilitation program is mandatory. Primary goal of cardiac rehabilitation is helping patients achieve optimal functioning in their life, through restoring lost functions, facilitating impaired abilities, reducing disabilities and prevention. Cardiac rehabilitation consists of 3 stages; first or early stage, second or convalescent and third or late stage. Rehabilitation can be implemented inpatient, outpatient or at home. Information and communication technology development had greatly contributed to implementation of modern approach in physiotherapy. Modern technologies such as different videogames, mobile apps, virtual reality and social networks are often used in third, lifelong stage of cardiac rehabilitation. Such technologies ensure higher motivation needed for engaging in physical activity, enable goal-oriented training and holistic environment
IMPACT OF COMPRESSION GARMENTS ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE
No full textKompresijska odjeća je posebna elastična odjeća s dizajniranim gradijentom kompresije koja se može nositi na udovima, gornjim, donjim ili cijelim tijelima za terapiju i sport. Učinci kompresijskog odjevnog predmeta na performanse (npr. maksimalnu snagu, aerobne performanse, brzinu u sprintu, visinu skoka) i oporavak (npr. tjelesna temperatura, oticanje mišića, količinu laktata u krvi) intenzivno se raspravljaju. Sportska kompresijska odjeća dizajnirana je da utječe na mišićno tkivo i može se kombinirati (bez ili sa rukavima, do razine gležnjeva, do razine koljena, do gornjeg dijela bedra ili kao zatvoreni kupaći kostim); odvojeni dijelovi (tajice, kratke hlače, kupaće gaće, majica). Istraživanja sugeriraju da nošenje kompresije kao način oporavka može smanjiti zamjetnu bol u mišićima i oticanje mišića zbog gradijenta vanjskog tlaka i povećati uklanjanje nusproizvoda iz metabolizma putem poboljšane pumpe mišića. Sadašnja otkrića sugeriraju da nošenje kompresijske odjeće trkačima mogu malo poboljšati varijable povezane s performansama izdržljivosti (tj. vrijeme do iscrpljenosti), zbog poboljšanja ekonomije trčanja, biomehaničkih varijabli, percepcije i temperature mišića. Također korist se očituje i kod smanjenja bolova u mišićima, oštećenja i upala. Nalazi studije sugeriraju kako kompresija može ponuditi atletsku prednost u održavanju ponovljenih aktivnosti snage, koja mogu biti od koristi za atletska natjecanja koja zahtijevaju učestale eksplozivne napore. Pokazan je pozitivan trend ka povoljnom učinku tijekom oporavka: naknadni učinak poboljšao se u pet od osam studija u kojima je mjeren, a percepcija oštećenja mišića smanjena je u pet od šest studija. Zaključno, upotreba kompresijskih odjevnih predmeta tijekom oporavka od vježbanja je korisna.Compression clothing is a special elastic garment with a designed compression gradient that can be worn on the limbs, upper, lower or whole bodies for therapy and sports. The effects of compression garment on performance (e.g., maximum strength, aerobic performance, sprint speed, jump height), and recovery (e.g., body temperature, muscle swelling, blood lactate count) are intensively discussed. Sports compression clothing is designed to affect muscle tissue and can be combined (with or without sleeves, up to the level of the ankles, up to the level of the knees, up to the upper thighs or as a closed swimsuit); separate parts (leggings, shorts, swimwear, T-shirt). Research suggests that wearing compression as a way to recover can reduce noticeable muscle pain and muscle swelling due to an external pressure gradient and increase the removal of by-products from metabolism through an improved muscle pump. Current findings suggest that wearing compression garments to runners may slightly improve variables associated with endurance performance (i.e., time to exhaustion), due to improved running economy, biomechanical variables, perception, and muscle temperature. The benefit is also manifested in the reduction of muscle pain, damage and inflammation. The study’s findings suggest that compression may offer an athletic advantage in maintaining repetitive strength activities, which may be beneficial for athletic competitions that require frequent explosive efforts. A positive trend toward a favorable effect during recovery was shown: follow-up improved in five of the eight studies in which it was measured, and the perception of muscle damage was reduced in five of the six studies. In conclusion, the use of compression garments during recovery from exercise is beneficial
CHOCOLATE AND RELATED PRODUCTS AS MERCHANDISE - TYPES, STORAGE AND SALES CONDITIONS
No full textOsnovni cilj ovog završnog rada je definirati pojam čokolade, objasniti povijest nastanka čokolade, sirovine koje se koriste za njezinu proizvodnju, proces proizvodnje, proizvodnju i potrošnju, pakovanje i skladištenje, način čuvanja te čokoladu u Hrvatskoj. Čokolada je proizvod prerađen od kakaa, bogat flavonoidima i antioksidativnim spojevima. Kakaovac najbolje uspijeva u tropskim prašumama. Prerada čokolade sastoji se od postupka u više koraka koji, počevši od zrna kakaa, uključuje fermentaciju, sušenje, prženje, mljevenje i pročišćavanje. Tijekom prerade kakaa gube se prirodni antioksidanti (flavonoidi), dok se stvaraju drugi poput proizvoda Maillardovih reakcija. Primarne kategorije čokolade su tamna, mliječna i bijela čokolada, koje se razlikuju po sadržaju krutih kakaovih dijelova, mliječne masti i kakao maslaca. Čokolada je postala jedna od najpopularnijih vrsta hrane i okusa na svijetu. Čokolada je vrlo osjetljiva na temperaturu i vlagu. Kvalitetnu čokoladu karakteriziraju sjajna površina, kakaova aroma, dobra tekstura i okus. Prerada čokolade složena je i zahtijeva nekoliko tehnoloških operacija i postupaka kako bi se postigla željena kvaliteta proizvoda. Čokolada ima manje kofeina nego čaj i kava. Čokolada sadrži antioksidanse koji mogu pomoći u prevenciji raka i bolesti srca.The main goal of this final paper was to define the concept of chocolate, explain the history of chocolate, raw materials used for its production, the process of production, production and consumption, packaging and storage, the way of storing chocolate in Croatia. Chocolate is a product processed from cocoa, rich in flavonoids and antioxidant compounds. Cocoa tree thrives best in tropical rainforests. Chocolate processing consists of a multi-step process that, starting with cocoa beans, involves fermentation, drying, frying, grinding and purifying. During the processing of cocoa, natural antioxidants (flavonoids) are lost, while others, such as Maillard reaction products, are created. The primary categories of chocolate are dark, milk and white chocolate, which differ in the content of solid cocoa, milk fat and cocoa butter. Chocolate has become one of the most popular foods and flavors in the world. Chocolate is very sensitive to temperature and humidity. Quality chocolate is characterized by a great shine, snap, aroma, texture and taste. Chocolate processing is complex and requires several technological operations and procedures to achieve the desired product quality. Chocolate has less caffeine than tea and coffee. Chocolate contains antioxidants that can help prevent cancer and heart disease
PHYSHIOTHERAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE - A CASE REPORT
No full textParkinsonova bolest je jedna od najčešćih neuroloških bolesti. Karakterizirana je nedostatkom dopamina što rezultira sporijim kretnjama. Simptomi mogu biti motorički i nemotorički,a taj široki raspon simptoma otežava dijagnostiku i prolongira postavljanje dijagnoze. Oštećenje započinje u donjem dijelu moždanog debla i potom se širi prema velikom mozgu. Terapija je usmjerena na suzbijanje simptoma i ima za cilj ispravljanje motoričkih smetnji. U ovom radu su opisane fizioterapijske metode koje su se provodile s pacijentom koji je obolio od Parkinsonove bolesti. Primjenjivan je holistički pristup, a naglasak je bio na aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Istaknuta je važnost svake vježbe, komunikacija s pacijentom, otvorenost, zainteresiranost, fleksibilnost i empatija s kojom se ostvaruje povezanost pacijenta i fizioterapeuta što rezultira vjerom u proces, motiviranošću, željom i ambicijom da se kliničko stanje poboljša.Parkinson‘s disease is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is characterized by a lack of dopamine, which results in slower movement. Other symptoms can be of a motor skills nature, although they aren’t narrowed down to just motor skills, which makes the diagnosis not only harder to conclude, but also prolonges it. The root cause is damage on the lower part of the brainstem, which then spreads into the cerebrum. Therapies for Parkinson’s focus on the suppression of the symptoms as well as the alleviation of motor skill disturbances. In this scientific research, we will go over the methods of treatment for patients suffering of Parkinson’s disease. The approach taken in this research will be of the holistic kind, focusing on everyday activities. Every practice in this research will have its importance explained, as well as communication with the patient, openness, great interest, flexibility and lastly empathy with which a connection between the patient and the therapeutist is formed, which leads to trust, motivation, a desire and ambition for the condition of the patient to be improved
E-BUSINESS ON THE EXAMPLE OF CROSTIAN POST
No full textPredmet i cilj ovog završnog rada je obraditi teoretski dio vezan za e-poslovanje te ga prikazati na praktičnom primjeru poduzeća Hrvatska pošta d.d. Ovim radom obrađuje se tema Interneta i njegovog razvoja te pojam e –poslovanja. U kratkim crtama prikazuje se prikazuju se nastanak, razvoj i podjela e-poslovanja. Opisuju se područja primjene, podjele, prednosti, nedostaci i modeli poslovanja. Izvori podataka koji su korišteni u ovom radu su informacije i podaci iz stručne literature, članaka te znanstvenih radova. Uz informacije i podatke iz stručne literature i znanstvenih radova, rad uključuje i podatke s web stranica koje su povezane s Hrvatskom poštom d.d. U početnom dijelu rada nalazi se uvod u kojem se opisuje model e-poslovanja koji se provlači kroz cijeli rada. Poslije uvoda, slijedi drugi dio koji govori o teorijskom dijelu e-poslovanja na način da objašnjava što je to točno e-poslovanje , kako tehnologija utječe na e-poslovanje i koje su prednosti i nedostaci takve vrste poslovanja. Sažeti podaci se opisuju na konkretnom primjeru poduzeća Hrvatska pošta d.d. te je teoretski dio povezan s primjerom poduzeća i načinom e-poslovanja unutar takvog sustava, odnosno kako poduzeće primjenjuje elektroničko poslovanje, kakvi su bili počeci primjene i koji su smjerovi u kojima se kreće u smislu elektroničkog poslovanja. Kraj rada donosi sažeti zaključak teme.The subject and the goal of this final paper is to elaborate the theory of the e-business, and to show how it operates applied in practice in the firm Hrvatska Pošta d.o.o. (Croatian Post Ltd.). In this paper, the topic business on the Internet, and its developement is being dealt with. In short the creation, developement and devision of the e-business is being shown. Fields of appliance, devisions, advantages, disadvantages and models of this business are being described. Data recourses used in this paper are pieces of information and data from the specialist literature, academic articles and the scientific works. Besides the pieces of information and the data from the specalist literature, the work includes the data from the web page of the Croatian Post Ltd. In the preface there is the introduction, which describes e- model of business, which is also being discussed throughout the whole work. After the introduction, there is the second part where the theory of e-business is described, and how the technology influences the e- business, and what the advantages and what the disadvantages are of that kind of business. Summarised data is shown on the example of the firm Croatian Post Ltd., theory is connected with the example of that firm, and the way e.business is done within the big corporation system, respectively how the firm applies e-business, and what were the biginnings and have been the directions of e-business so far. The end of the work brings the brief conclusion of the theme
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF CO-FINANCING FUNDS EAFRD
No full textRepublika Hrvatska je 1. srpnja 2013.godine postala punopravna članica Europske unije, te se steklo i pravo korištenja sredstava iz fondova EU. Cilj fondova je podržavanje politike EU pomoću financijskih sredstava. Zahtjev Europske komisije je provedba direktive Solventnost II, koja se odnosi i na primjenu efikasnog procesa za upravljanje rizikom. U završnom radu se opisuje dio procesa implementacije integriranog upravljanja rizicima, a u svezi sa potporom Europskog poljoprivrednog fonda za ruralni razvoj (EPFRR). Promatrana su razdoblja 2014. – 2020. godine, predočena prema Pravilniku o provedbi mjere M17 upravljanje rizicima, podmjere 17.1 osiguranje usjeva, životinja i biljaka iz Programa ruralnog razvoja RH. Poticanjem korištenja digitalnih tehnologija putem različitih baza i aplikacija, poljoprivrednicima je omogućeno jednostavnije apliciranje za financijske potpore EU. Putem izdanog Pravilnika definirane su upute koje trebaju primjenjivati osiguravajuća društava prilikom ugovaranja polica osiguranja korisnicima budućih potpora Podmjere M17.1. Unutar rada prikazuju se podaci o isplaćenim potporama vezanim uz Podmjeru M17.1 u prethodnoj godini, potrošnji žitarica u EU, te pojedinim segmentima na tržištu osiguranja u RH.The Republic of Croatia became a full member of the European Union 1 July 2013 and, accordingly, gained the right to use means from the EU funds. The objective of funds is to support the EU policy by the aid of financial means. The condition of the European Commission is to execute a directive called Solvency II, which refers to the application of efficient process for risk management. A part of process regarding implementation of integrated risk management was described in the final paper with reference to the assistance of the European agricultural fund for rural development (EAFRD). Periods from 2014 to 2020 were observed, demonstrated accordingly with the Regulation on the implementation of measures M17 „Risk Management“, sub-measure 17.1. “ Insurance of crops, animals and plants „ part of Rural Development Programme of the Republic of Croatia. Being encouraged to use digital technology in form of various applications, farmers were given a possibility to apply more easily for the EU financial assistance. The book of regulations defined the instructions, which need to be applied by insurance companies during contract arrangement with future beneficiaries of sub-measure M 17.1.assistance. The paper represents the data regarding the obtained financial assistance connected to sub-measure M 17.1. in the previous year, crops consumption in EU and individual segments of insurance market in the Republic of Croatia