Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
Not a member yet
1675 research outputs found
Sort by
BASIC POSTULATES OF THE BOBATH CONCEPT
No full textBobath koncept je neurorehabilitacijski pristup koji se koristi u analizi i liječenju pacijenata s oštećenjem središnjeg živčanog sustava. Temeljni postulati tretmana čini facilitacija funkcionalnog pokreta i inhibicija abnormalnih motoričkih obrazaca. Cilj primjene Bobath koncepta je poticanje motoričkog učenja za svrsishodniju kontrolu pokreta u raznolikoj okolini, pospješujući samostalnost i funkcioniranje u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Tretman se provodi individualno te je svaki zasnovan holističkim pristupom. Jasno definirana neurorehabilitacijska analiza i njegova provedba u kojemu sudjeluje transdisciplinarni tim koji ima za cilj poticanje motoričkog učenja.The Bobath concept is a neurorehabilitation approach used in the analysis and treatment of patients with damage to the central nervous system. The core postulates of the treatment are the facilitation of functional movement and the inhibition of the abnormal motor patterns. The purpose of Bobath concept is to encourage motor learning for purposeful movement control in a diverse environment, promoting independence and functioning in activities of daily life. The treatment is carried out individually and each one is based on a holistic approach. Clearly defined neurorehabilitation analysis and its implementation in which a transdisciplinary team participates with the aim of stimulating motor learning
REGULATION OF PATHOLOGICALLY ALTERED MUSCLE TONE IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
No full textCerebralna paraliza je neurorazvojni poremećaj karakteriziran abnormalnostima mišićnog tonusa, kretanja i motoričkih sposobnosti, a pripisuje se ozljedi mozga u razvoju. Neki od najvećih problema na motoričkome planu su poremećaji tonusa, balansa, refleksa i posturalne prilagodbe. Poremećaji tonusa se u 80 % slučajeva manifestiraju kroz spazam. Dijagnoza cerebralne paralize se postavlja s 3-5 godina starosti, iako sugestivni znakovi i simptomi mogu biti prisutni u ranijoj dobi. Cerebralna paraliza se dijeli prema poremećaju kretanja i njegovoj topografskoj distribuciji. Spastični i mješoviti motorički poremećaji javljaju se kod više od 85% djece u trenutnim registrima, dok je diskinetička cerebralna paraliza mnogo rjeđa. Najčešći topografski sindromi su spastična hemiplegija, spastična diplegija i spastična kvadriplegija. Nekoliko instrumenata razvijeno je za klasifikaciju grube motoričke funkcije, manualne sposobnosti i komunikacijske vještine djece i adolescenata s cerebralnom paralizom. Mogućnosti liječenja uključuju fizioterapiju, radnu i govornu terapiju, ortotiku, modalitete potpomognute uređajima, farmakološku intervenciju te ortopedske i neurokirurške postupke. Svi pristupi su usmjereni optimiziranju funkcija te prevenciji invalidnosti. Također, nužno je omogućiti što bolju kvalitetu života djeteta. Fizioterapija ima ključnu ulogu u liječenju cerebralne paralize i sastoji se od različitih terapijskih intervencija u poboljšanju funkcije pojedinca. Neke od fizioterapijskih intervencija koje se koriste kod cerebralne paralize su: Bobath koncept, Vojta terapija, Halliwick koncept, hipoterapija i druge.Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in muscle tone, movement and motor skills, and is attributed to injury to the developing brain. The biggest problems on the motor side are related to abnormalities of tone, balance, reflexes and postural adjustment. Tone disorders manifest in 80% of cases through spasm. Cerebral palsy is diagnosed at 3-5 years of age, although suggestive signs and symptoms may be present at an earlier age. Cerebral palsy is divided according to the movement disorder and its topographical distribution. Spastic and mixed motor disorders account for more than 85% of children in current registries, while dyskinetic cerebral palsy is much less common. The most common topographic syndromes are spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia and spastic quadriplegia. Several instruments have been developed to classify gross motor function, manual ability and communication skills in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Treatment options include physiotherapy, occupational and speech therapy, orthotics, deviceassisted modalities, pharmacological intervention, and orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures. All approaches are aimed at optimizing functions and preventing disability. Also, it is necessary to provide the best possible quality of life for the child. Physiotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of cerebral palsy and consists of various therapeutic interventions to improve the individual's function. Some of the physiotherapy interventions used in cerebral palsy are: Bobath concept, Vojta therapy, Halliwick concept, hippotherapy and others
CONTEMPORARY THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN THE TRETMENT OF PANIC DISORDER
No full textOvaj rad istražuje suvremeni pristup u liječenju paničnog poremećaja, naglašavajući integraciju farmakoterapije i psihoterapije kao ključnu strategiju. Kombinacija selektivnih inhibitora ponovne pohrane serotonina (SSRI) i inhibitora ponovne pohrane serotonina i noradrenalina (SNRI) pokazala se učinkovitom u reguliranju neurokemijskih disbalansa koji doprinose paničnom poremećaju. Paralelno s farmakoterapijom, kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija (KBT) ističe se kao ključna psihoterapijska tehnika, omogućujući pojedincima razumijevanje uzroka anksioznosti i razvoj strategija suočavanja s napadajima panike. Personalizirani pristup tretmanu, uz edukaciju pacijenata o njihovom poremećaju, dodatno povećava uspješnost tretmana. Suvremeni pristupi ne samo da ciljaju na smanjenje simptoma, već i na promicanje emocionalnog blagostanja i kvalitete života. Daljnja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti ključna su za kontinuirani razvoj tretmanskih metoda i podrške osobama s paničnim poremećajem.This final paper explores a contemporary approach to the treatment of panic disorder, emphasizing the integration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy as a key strategy. A combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) has been shown to be effective in regulating the neurochemical imbalances that contribute to panic disorder. Along with pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) stands out as a key psychotherapeutic technique, enabling individuals to understand the causes of anxiety and develop coping strategies for panic attacks. A personalized approach to treatment, along with educating patients about their disorder, further increases the success of treatment. Modern approaches not only aim to reduce symptoms, but also to promote emotional well-being and quality of life. Further research in this area is essential for the continuous development of treatment methods and support for people with panic disorder
FREQUENCY OF CUPPING THERARY USAGE AMONG PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textCupping terapija smatra se alternativnom metodom liječenja, porijeklom iz Azijskih zemalja, a zadnjih je desetljeća sve više prihvaćena u Zapadnoj medicini. Definira se kao terapija koja koristi čašice za stvaranje vakuuma unutar čašice i tako povlači kožu unutar iste. Točan mehanizam djelovanja ove terapije nije poznat, ali smatra se da dovodi do smanjenja boli, napetosti, te kod nekih stanja do poboljšanja funkcije i kvalitete života. Cupping terapija prepoznata je tisućama godina unazad, a prvi se puta dokazi o postojanju pronalaze na Eberovom papirusu iz starog Egipta. U povijesti se ova terapija prepoznaje kao učinkovita u liječenju problema sa probavom, gubitkom apetita, nesvjesticom, glavoboljom, a danas se najčešće koristi kod liječenja boli u leđima, vratu, ramenima, koljenima, a kontraindicirana je kod otvorenih rana, oštećenja kože, trudnica, osoba mlađih od dvije i starijih od 60 godina. Prema literaturi, postoje razne klasifikacije cupping terapije, trenutno popularna je klasifikacija prema: tehnici, metodi, snazi usisavanja, području tijela koje se tretira i ostale cupping metode. Među fizioterapeutima u Republici Hrvatskoj cupping još uvijek nije najpopularnija metoda u liječenju, najčešće se koristi za tretiranje boli u leđima i boli u vratu. Ključne riječi:Cupping therapy is considered an alternative method of treatment, originating from Asian countries, and in recent decades it has been increasingly accepted in Western medicine. It is defined as a therapy that uses cups to create a vacuum inside the cup and thus pull the skin inside it. The exact mechanism of action of this therapy is not known, but it is believed to lead to a reduction in pain, tension, and in some cases to an improvement in function and quality of life. Cupping therapy was recognized thousands of years ago, and the first evidence of its existence was found on the Eber papyrus from ancient Egypt. Historically, this therapy has been recognized as effective in the treatment of problems with digestion, loss of appetite, fainting, headaches, and today it is most often used in the treatment of pain in the back, neck, shoulders, and knees, and is contraindicated in open wounds, skin damage, pregnant women, persons younger than two and older than 60 years. According to the literature, there are various classifications of cupping therapy, currently the popular classification is according to: technique, method, strength of use, area of the body to be treated and others. Among physiotherapists in the Republic of Croatia, cupping is still not the most popular method of treatment, and it is most often used to treat back pain and neck pain
EARLY REHABILITATON AFTER CEREBROVASCULAR INSULT
No full textCerebrovaskularni inzult je jedan od vodećih uzroka smrti te samim time veliki javnozdravstveni problem kako u svijetu tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Iako se smatra bolesti od koje obolijeva populacija treće životne dobi sve je češći slučaj da obolijeva mlađa populacija. Velika pažnja se pridaje prevenciji, no ukoliko ipak dođe do cerebrovaskularnog inzulta vrlo je važno pravovremeno postavljanje dijagnoze te adekvatno liječenje. Fizioterapeuti u ranoj rehabilitaciji pacijenta nakon cerebrovaskularnog inzulta imaju vrlo važnu ulogu. Provođenjem inicijalne neurofizioterapijske procjene koja je individualna za svakog pacijenta, pravilnog pozicioniranja, te korištenjem specifičnih fizioterapijskih postupaka kao što su lokomocija, vertikalizacija, Bobath koncept, Proprioceptivna neuromuskularna facilitacija te, orofacijalna stimulacija postavljaju preduvjet za uspješniju daljnju rehabilitaciju te ishode liječenja.Cerebrovascular insult is one of the leading causes of death and thus a major public health problem both in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. Although it is considered a disease that affects the population of the third age, it is more and more common for the younger population to fall ill. Great attention is paid to prevention, but if a cerebrovascular insult does occur, timely diagnosis and adequate treatment are very important. Physiotherapists play a very important role in the early rehabilitation of a patient after a cerebrovascular insult. By conducting an initial neurophysiotherapy assessment that is individual for each patient, proper positioning, and the use of specific physiotherapy procedures such as locomotion, verticalization, the Bobath concept, Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and orofacial stimulation, they set a prerequisite for successful further rehabilitation and treatment outcomes
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH STATUS OF STUDENTS OF THE NEDICAL SCHOOL OSIJEK
No full textUvod: Tjelesna aktivnost sastavni je dio očuvanja i poboljšanja zdravstvenog statusa mladih. Tehnološki napredak dovodi do smanjena tjelesne aktivnosti što posljedično može imati zabrinjavajući zdravstveni status. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je provjeriti koliko su učenici srednje Medicinske škole Osijek tjelesno aktivni, zadovoljstvo učenika vlastitim zdravljem i u kolikoj ih mjeri zdravlje ili emocionalni problemi ometaju u svakodnevnom životu. Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno uz pomoć anketnog upitnika „Upitnik o tjelesnoj aktivnosti i pojedinim faktorima zdravlja“ u čijem sastavu su bili International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ – long form) i upitnik zdravstvenog statusa (SF-36). Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 178 ispitanika, 16% (N=29) učenika i 83% (N=149) učenica. Rezultati IPAQ upitnika su pokazali da učenici više minuta tjedno voze bicikli, provode više minuta tijekom tjedna obavljajući izrazito napornu tjelesnu aktivnost oko kuće odnosno u vrtu i dvorištu i značajno se više bave izrazito napornim aktivnostima u slobodno vrijeme u odnosu na učenice. Učenice značajno više vremena provode baveći se umjerenim aktivnostima unutar kuće. Rezultati SF-36 upitnika pokazuju da učenici imaju više energije i da su vitalniji te da imaju bolje društveno funkcioniranje od učenica. Rasprava: Način života i korištenje slobodnog vremena je razlog smanjenja aktivnosti. Tjelesna neaktivnost može dovesti do razvoja pretilosti, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dijabetesa tipa II, malignih bolesti te razvoja depresije i anksioznosti. Zaključak: Sprječavanje tjelesne neaktivnosti i s njom povezanih zdravstvenih rizika uključuje svjesno nastojanje da se tjelesna aktivnost uključi u svakodnevni život što se može postići dobro strukturiranim preventivnim programima.Introduction: Physical activity is an integral part of preserving and improving the health status of young people. Technological progress leads to reduced physical activity which can consequently have a worrying health status. The aim of this research was to check how physically active of the students of the Osijek High School of Medicine are, and to check the satisfaction of the students with their own health and to what extent health or emotional problems disturb them in their everyday life. Methods: The research was conducted with the help of a survey questionnaire "Questionnaire on physical activity and certain health factors", which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - long form) and the health status questionnaire (SF-36). Results: 178 respondents participated in the research, 16% (N=29) male students and 83% (N=149) female students. The results of the IPAQ questionnaire showed that male students ride bicycles for more minutes per week, spend more minutes during the week performing extremely strenuous physical activity around the house, i.e. in the garden and yard, and engage in significantly more strenuous activities in their free time compared to female students. Female students spend significantly more time engaged in moderate activities inside the home. The results of the SF-36 questionnaire show that male students have more energy and are more vital and have better social functioning than female students. Discussion: The way of life and the use of free time is the reason for the decrease in activity. Physical inactivity can lead to the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, malignant diseases, and the development of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Prevention of physical inactivity and related health risks involves a conscious effort to include physical activity in daily life, which can be achieved through well-structured prevention programs
BORDER CONTROL AT THE EXTERNAL BORDERS OF THE SCHENGEN AREA
No full textOvim radom pod naslovom „Granična kontrola na vanjskim granicama Schengenskog prostora” obrađeni su pojmovi vezani uz kontrolu prelaska vanjske granice i poslova granične policije, slobodu kretanja građana Unije i članova njihovih obitelji, uvjeti ulaska u Republiku Hrvatsku i Schengenskog prostora za državljane trećih zemalja. Nadzor državne granice je kontrola prelaska vanjske granice, zaštita vanjske granice i poslovi granične policije u unutrašnjosti teritorija, a obavlja se radi osiguranja nepovredivosti državnog područja Republike Hrvatske i državne granice, zaštite života i zdravlja ljudi, sprječavanje i otkrivanje prekršaja i kaznenih djela te otkrivanja i pronalaska počinitelja istih, sprječavanja i otkrivanja drugih opasnosti za javnu sigurnost, pravni poredak i nacionalnu sigurnost i sprječavanja nezakonitih migracija. Jednu od temeljnih sloboda na unutarnjem tržištu predstavlja sloboda kretanja osoba koje obuhvaća područje bez unutarnjih granica. Granična kontrola vrši se na uljudan i profesionalan način koji u potpunosti poštuje ljudsko dostojanstvo.This paper entitled „Border control at the external borders of the Schengen area“ deals with the concepts related to the control of crossing the external border and the work of the border police, the freedom of movement of citizens of the Union and their family members, the conditions of entry into the Republic of Croatia and the Schengen area for citizens of third countries. Control of the state borde is the control of the crossing of the external border, the protection of the external border and the work of the border polic in the interior of the territory, and is carried out in order to ensure the inviolability of the state border and the state territory of the Republic of Croatia, the protection of life and health of people, the prevention and detection of criminal offenses and misdemeanors, and the detection and finding the perpetrators of the same, legal order and national security. The freedom of movement of persons represents one of the fundamental freedoms in the internal market, which includes an area without internal borders. Border control is caried out in a polite and professional manner that filly respects human dignity
LOGISTICS IN THE TRADE AND WAREHOUSE
No full textZavršnim radom iz kolegija Logistika u trgovini obrađeni su pojmovi logistike kao dio lanca dobave, ciklus nabave robe, logistika u maloprodaji i skladišni sustavu maloprodaji. Suvremeni način života kakav je danas poznat i tehnologija koja je omogućena, stvara sve veći prostor za napredak koja je primjetna i kod logistike u maloprodaji i skladištu. Na temelju završnog rada, obuhvaćena je tematika logistike kroz sve procese u maloprodaji i skladištu. Cilj rada jest prikaz glavnih problema tematike i pružanje rješenja za daljnja istraživanja.The final paper from the course „Logistics in the trade“ dealt with the concepts of logistics as part of the supply chain, the goods procurement cycle, retail logistics and the retail warehouse system. The modern way of life as it is known today and the technology that has made it possible, creates an ever- increasing space for progress, which is also noticeable in logistics in retail and warehousing. Based on the final paper, the topic of logistics is covered through all processes in retail and warehouse. The aim of the work is to present the main issues of the topic and provide solutions for further research
MODALITIES OF SENSORY THERAPY IN ADULTS WITH ACQUIRED LESIONS OF THE CNS
No full textSenzorna terapija ima veoma važnu ulogu u rehabilitaciji odraslih osoba sa stečenim lezijama središnjeg živčanog sustava. Lezije mogu značajno utjecati na senzorne funkcije osobe, uključujući propriocepciju, dodir, osjet temperature i druge razne senzorne podražaje. Terapija za cilj ima poboljšati sve senzorne nedostatke kako bi se uvećala funkcionalnost te kvaliteta života osoba sa lezijama središnjeg živčanog sustava. Senzorna terapija kod odraslih osoba sa stečenim lezijama središnjeg živčanog sustava bazira se na poboljšanje funkcionalnosti, smanjenje senzornih kretnji, poboljšanje same integracije senzornih informacija te poticanje neuroplastičnosti. S ciljem uspješne rehabilitacije koriste se određeni modaliteti koji uključuju taktilnu stimulaciju, proprioceptivnu terapiju, temperaturnu terapiju, vizualnu terapiju, senzornu integraciju te aktivnosti finih motoričkih vještina. Vrlo važno je napomenuti kako senzorna terapija mora biti prilagođena individualnoj potrebi te sposobnostima pojedinca. Stručnjak izrađuje plan terapije koji se prilagođava napretku te je podložan promjenama u senzornim sposobnostima pojedinca tijekom određenog vremena.Sensory therapy plays a highly significant role in the rehabilitation of adults with acquired lesions of the central nervous system. Lesions can markedly affect an individual's sensory functions, including proprioception, touch, temperature perception and various other sensory stimuli. The goal of therapy is to address all sensory deficits to enhance the functionality and quality of life for individuals with central nervous system lesions. Sensory therapy for adults with acquired central nervous system lesions is centered on improving functionality, reducing sensory impairments, enhancing sensory information integration and promoting neuroplasticity. Specific modalities are empoyed for successful rehabilitation, encompassing tactile stimulation, proprioceptive therapy, temperature therapy, visual therapy, sensory integration and fine motor skill activites. Iti s crucial to note that sensory therapy must be tailored to individual needs and capabilites. A specialist devises a therapy plan that adjusts to progress and is subject to changes in sensory capabilities over a designated period of time
PSIHOSOCIJALNA OBILJEŽJA OVISNIKA O OPOJNIM DROGAMA
No full textOvisnost o opojnim drogama veliki je opće društveni i javno-zdravstveni problem. Osobe od eksperimentatora droge i povremenog potrošača postaju teški ovisnici, kojima droga postaje centralni dio ţivota. Često su to izgubljene, disfunkcionalne, introvertne i impulzivne osobe s niskom razinom samopoštovanja. Skloni kriminalnim radnjama, ovisnicima je droga donijela kaotičnost u ţivot, naglo kognitivno i intelektualno propadanje, otuđenje od obitelji i bliţnjih, bolesti, a nekima i smrt. Psihosocijalna rehabilitacije od velike je pomoći ovisnicima koji ipak žele spasiti svoj život.Addiction to drugs is a major social and public health problem. People from drug experimenters and consumers users become severe addicts, for whom drugs become a central part of their lives. They are often lost, dysfunctional, introverted and impulsive people with low self-esteem. Prone to criminal acts, drug addicts brought chaos to life, sudden cognitive and intellectual decline, alienation from family and loved ones, illness, and for some, death. Psychosocial rehabilitation is of great help to addicts who still want to save their lives