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    ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS

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    U funkcioniranju i djelovanju države ističe se važnost uprave. Uprava treba imati određene kvalitete kako bi njezino upravljanje bilo učinkovito. Uz to, iznimno su važni i sami zaposlenici uprave, upravni službenici. Državni službenici ustrojavaju se za područja državne službe, a lokalni službenici za područja lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave. Prava, dužnosti i odgovornosti državnih službenika, kao i sva ostala pitanja njihova prijma u službu i rada u službi, određena su Zakonom o državnim službenicima. Za obavljanje poslova iz samoupravnog djelokruga jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave ustrojavaju se upravni odjeli i službe. U njima rade službenici i namještenici koji se zapošljavaju na temelju rješenja o prijmu u službu. Zakon o službenicima i namještenicima u lokalnoj i područnoj (regionalnoj) samoupravi regulira prijam u službu te prava, obveze i odgovornosti službenika i namještenika.In the functioning and operation of the state, the importance of administration is emphasized. Management needs to have certain qualities in order for its management to be effective. In addition, management employees, administrative officers are extremely important. Civil servants are established for the areas of civil service, and local officials for the areas of local and regional self-government. The rights, duties, and responsibilities of civil servants, as well as all other issues of their admission to service and work in service, are determined by the Law on Civil Servants. Administrative departments and services are established for performing tasks within the self-governing scope of local and regional self-government units. They are staffed by officers and employees who are employed based on a decision on admission to the service. The Law on Servants and Employees in Local and Regional Self-Government regulates admission to the service and the rights, obligations and responsibilities of servants and employees

    BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN WORK ENVIRONMENT

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    Ovaj rad analizira primjenu blockchain tehnologije u poslovnom okruženju s naglaskom na njene prednosti i potencijalne koristi za organizacije. Blockchain tehnologija, koja se temelji na decentraliziranom i transparentnom sustavu pohrane podataka, pruža mogućnosti za poboljšanje sigurnosti, efikasnosti i transparentnosti poslovnih procesa. Istraživanje pokazuje da blockchain tehnologija može pružiti sigurnost i zaštitu podataka putem kriptografskih algoritama i distribuirane mreže, smanjujući rizik od hakiranja i prijevara. Transparentnost blockchaina omogućuje praćenje svih transakcija i aktivnosti u stvarnom vremenu, što povećava povjerenje između sudionika poslovnog procesa. U poslovnom okruženju, primjena blockchain tehnologije može imati značajan utjecaj na različite sektore. U lancu opskrbe, blockchain pruža transparentnost u praćenju i verifikaciji proizvoda, čime se osigurava autentičnost i poboljšava odgovornost u cijelom lancu vrijednosti. U financijskom sektoru, blockchain tehnologija može unaprijediti brzinu, sigurnost i pouzdanost transakcija, eliminirajući posrednike i smanjujući troškove. Unatoč brojnim prednostima, implementacija blockchain tehnologije u poslovnom okruženju suočava se s izazovima kao što su skalabilnost, regulatorni okvir, interoperabilnost i zaštita privatnosti podataka. Međutim, uz odgovarajuće planiranje i pravilno upravljanje, organizacije mogu ostvariti koristi od ove tehnologije. U radu su navedeni primjeri uspješnih primjena blockchain tehnologije u poslovnom svijetu kako bi se naglasio njezin potencijal za transformaciju poslovnih procesa i stvaranje novih poslovnih modela. Razumijevanje i pravilna implementacija blockchain tehnologije mogu otvoriti nove mogućnosti za organizacije, poboljšati efikasnost poslovanja te pridonijeti razvoju modernog poslovnog okruženja.This paper examines the application of blockchain technology in the business environment, focusing on its benefits and potential advantages for organizations. Blockchain technology, based on a decentralized and transparent data storage system, offers opportunities to enhance security, efficiency, and transparency in business processes. Research indicates that blockchain technology can provide data security and protection through cryptographic algorithms and a distributed network, reducing the risk of hacking and fraud. The transparency of blockchain allows real-time tracking of all transactions and activities, thereby increasing trust among participants in the business process. In the business environment, the application of blockchain technology can have a significant impact on various sectors. In the supply chain, blockchain provides transparency in tracking and verifying products, ensuring authenticity, and improving accountability throughout the value chain. In the financial sector, blockchain technology can enhance the speed, security, and reliability of transactions by eliminating intermediaries and reducing costs. Despite numerous advantages, the implementation of blockchain technology in the business environment faces challenges such as scalability, regulatory frameworks, interoperability, and data privacy protection. However, with proper planning and effective management, organizations can reap the benefits of this technology. The paper provides examples of successful applications of blockchain technology in the business world to highlight its potential for transforming business processes and creating new business models. Understanding and proper implementation of blockchain technology can open up new opportunities for organizations, improve operational efficiency, and contribute to the development of a modern business environment

    ADMINISTRATIVE PRINCIPLES OF PROPORTION AND OPPORTUNITY IN THE SPHERE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL NOISE IMMISSION

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    Tema završnog rada je Načelo razmjernosti i oportuniteta vezano uz zaštitu od onečišćenja okoliša od štetnih imisija buke. Problematika okoliša danas predstavlja jednu od najzastupljenijih tematika u najširoj javnosti.Svi ljudi imaju pravo na čist, zdrav i održiv okoliš. Kako su ljudska prava i okoliš međusobno ovisni, čist, zdrav i održiv okoliš je neophodan za potpuno uživanje širokog spektra ljudskih prava, kao što su, između ostalog, prava na život, zdravlje, hranu, vodu i sanitarne uvjete i razvoj. Ustavno uređenje okoliša i njegova zaštita, danas je jedna od najhitnijih zadaća ljudske civilizacije, kao i osiguranje skladnog okoliša u interakciji prirode i društva. Prepoznavanje buke kao potencijalnog rizika može biti jednako izazovno kao i drugi zdravstveni rizici, budući da se s njima često postupa reaktivno. Imisija je pojam za sve oblike ekološki štetnih emisija iz industrijskih pogona, a obuhvaća jednom riječju onečišćivače zraka, buku, vibracije, ionizirana i neionizirana zračenja bilo koje valne duljine, neugodne ili štetne mirise itd.Pravo na zaštitu od emisija ima vlasnik nekretnine i sve osobe koje posjeduju nekretninu na temelju prava koje iz njih proizlazi.Osnovna ovlast vlasnika kojeg netko uznemirava je zahtijevati prestanak uznemiravanja, što znači da je negatorna tužba (actio negatoria) osnovni pravni instrument zaštite od buke.The topic of the final thesis is the principle of proportionality and opportunity related to protection against environmental pollution from harmful noise emissions. Today, the issue of the environment represents one of the most represented topics in the wider public. All people have the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment. As human rights and the environment are interdependent, a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is necessary for the full enjoyment of a wide range of human rights, such as, among others, the rights to life, health, food, water and sanitation and development. The constitutional arrangement of the environment and its protection is one of the most urgent tasks of human civilization today, as well as ensuring a harmonious environment in the interaction of nature and society. Recognizing noise as a potential risk can be just as challenging as other health risks, as they are often dealt with reactively. Immission is the term for all forms of environmentally harmful emissions from industrial plants, and includes in one word air pollutants, noise, vibrations, ionized and non-ionized radiation of any wavelength, unpleasant or harmful odors, etc. The right to protection against emissions belongs to the property owner and all persons who own real estate on the basis of rights derived from them. The basic authority of the owner who is being disturbed by someone is to demand the cessation of the disturbance, which means that a negative action (actionegatoria) is the basic legal instrument of noise protection

    PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION IN THE REHABILITATION OF SHOULDER INJURIES AND DAMAGE

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    Ozljede i oštećenja u području ramenog zgloba velik su javnozdravstveni problem suvremenog društva, imaju raznolike uzroke i kompleksnu kliničku sliku, a simptomatologija se najčešće odnosi na poteškoće u svakodnevnom funkcioniranju i nisku kvalitetu života bolesnika. Suvremena terapija ozljeda i oštećenja ramena često uključuje primjenu proprioceptivne neuromuskularne facilitacije. Proprioceptivna neuromuskularna facilitacija predstavlja koncept u rehabilitaciji koji je široko rasprostranjen među fizioterapeutima suvremenog doba na globalnoj razini i obuhvaća filozofiju proprioceptivne neuromuskularne facilitacije, osnovne principe i postupke te tehnike proprioceptivne neuromuskularne facilitacije. Obrasci ovog koncepta koji se primjenjuju u rehabilitaciji ozljeda i oštećenja ramena kreirani su s obzirom na kretnje gornjeg ekstremiteta koje su izvodljive u ozlijeđenom zglobu, ali istovremeno podrazumijevaju ruku u cijelosti i sve pripadajuće zglobove. Kada se radi o kretnjama gornjih ekstremiteta u proprioceptivnoj neuromuskularnoj facilitaciji, postoje dvije dijagonale: fleksija – abdukcija – vanjska rotacija i ekstenzija – adukcija – unutarnja rotacija te fleksija – adukcija – vanjska rotacija i ekstenzija – abdukcija – unutarnja rotacija. Da bi pokreti u ramenu bili optimalni, važan je balans u kretnjama lopatice i nadlaktice te su pokreti lopatice u PNF-u važni za funkcionalno pokretanje gornjeg ekstremiteta. Efikasnost proprioceptivne neuromuskularne facilitacije u rehabilitaciji ozljeda i oštećenja ramena dokazana je različitim istraživanjima.Injuries and damage in the area of the shoulder joint are a major public health problem of modern society, they have diverse causes and a complex clinical picture, and the symptomatology most often refers to difficulties in everyday functioning and low quality of life of the patient. Modern therapy of shoulder injuries and damage often includes the use of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a concept in rehabilitation that is widespread among modern physiotherapists on a global level and includes the philosophy of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, basic principles and procedures, and techniques of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. The patterns of this concept, which are applied in the rehabilitation of injuries and damage to the shoulder, were created with regard to the movements of the upper extremity that are feasible in the injured joint, but at the same time include the arm in its entirety and all associated joints. When it comes to upper limb movements in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, there are two diagonals: flexion - abduction - external rotation and extension - adduction - internal rotation and flexion - adduction - external rotation and extension - abduction - internal rotation. In order for the movements in the shoulder to be optimal, the balance in the movements of the scapula and the upper arm is important, and the movements of the scapula in PNF are important for the functional movement of the upper extremity. The movements of the scapula are anterior elevation, posterior depression, posterior elevation and anterior depression

    BENEFITS OF EXERCISE IN PREVENTING OSTEOPOROSIS

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    Osteoporoza definira se kao najčešća metabolička bolest razvijenog svijeta koja češće zahvaća žene nego muškarce. Kosti su građene od hrskavičnog, vezivnog i koštanog tkiva. Osteoporozu karakterizira smanjenje koštane mase i poremećena mikroarhitektura kostiju, posljedično tome dolazi do čestih prijeloma. Starenjem dolazi do promjena na kostima, te tako dolazi do češćih prijeloma, a on je jedan od najčešćih pokazatelja osteoporoze. Za osteoporozu nema lijeka, stoga je najvažnije provoditi prevenciju. Prevencija za osteoporozu provodi se na način da se u organizam unose vitamini, pravilnom prehranom i tjelesnom aktivnošću. Neke od aktivnosti koje mogu provoditi osobe s osteoporozom su: trening s otporom, trening ravnoteže, pilates. Benefiti vježbanja kod osteoporoze su ti da da se kvalitetnim i progresivni treningom potiče snaga mišića, fleksibilnost muskulature, te se postiže smanjenje progresivnosti bolesti.Osteoporosis is defined as the most common metabolic disease in the developed world that affect women more often than men. Bones are made of cartilage, connetive and bone tissue. Osteoporosis is charaterized by a decrease in bone mass and disturved bone microarchitecture, resulting in frequent fractures. Aging causes changes in the bones, resulting in more frequend fractures, and it is one of the most common indicators of osteoporosis. There is no cure for osteoporosis, so prevention is the most important thing. Osteoporosis preention is carried out by takind vitamins insto the body, proper diet and physical activity. Some of the activitied that can be carried out by people with osteoporosis are: resistancee training, balance training, pilates. The benefits of exercise in osteoporosis are that high-quality and progressive training promotes muscle strenght, flexibility of the musculature, and reduces the progression of the disesse

    PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES IN TREATING PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (CASE REPORT)

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    Reumatoidni artritis predstavlja sustavnu upalnu reumatsku bolest koja utječe ne samo na zglobove, već i na unutarnje organe, kožu, osjetilni sustav i žvčani sustav. Osim toga, značajno povećava rizik od razvoja kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Najčešće pogođeni zglobovi kod reumatoidnog artritisa su zglobovi šaka. Ova bolest često rezultira progresivnim razvojem deformacije i gubitkom funkcionalnosti šaka i ručnih zglobova, što prate bolovi i značajni izazovi u svakodnevnom životu. Također, uzrokuje niz poteškoća povezanih sa socijalnom interakcijom i sudjelovanjem u zajednici. U ovom radu biti će predstavljen prikaz slučaja koji istražuje primjenu fizioterapijskih postupaka u liječenju pacijenta s reumatoidnim artritisom. Pacijentica u dobi od 46 godina, dijagnosticiran joj je reumatoidni artritis koji je uzrokovao bol, oticanje, otežanu pokretljivost zglobova i smanjenu kvalitetu života. Tijekom višemjesečnog tretmana provođenja prikazanog programa vježbi pacijentica je postupno doživljavala poboljšanje simptoma reumatoidnog artritisa. Bol se smanjila, a opseg pokreta zglobova se povećao. Vrlo je bitno istaknuti važnost pravilnog izvođenja vježbi kod kuće kako bi se održala funkcionalnost zglobova. Ovaj slučaj naglašava ključnu ulogu fizioterapijskih vječbi, pružajući pacijentima nadu za poboljšanje kvalitete života i smanjenje simptoma ove autoimune bolesti.Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease that not only affects the joints, but also the internal organs, skin, sensory system and nervous system. In addition, it significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The most commonly affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis are the joints of the hands. This disease often results in the progressive development of deformation and loss of functionality of the hands and wrists, which is accompanied by pain and significant challenges in everyday life. It also causes a number of difficulties related to social interaction and participation in the community. This paper shows the case report that investigates the application of physiotherapy procedures in the treatment of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. A 46-year-old patient which was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, which caused pain, swelling, impaired joint mobility and reduced quality of life. During the long treatment of exercise program, the patient gradually experienced an improvement in the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The pain decreased and the range of motion of the joints increased. It is very important to highlight the importance of properly performing exercises at home in order to maintain the functionality of the joints. This case highlights the key role of physiotherapy exercises, giving patients hope for improving quality of life and reducing symptoms of this autoimmune disease

    NEUROREHABILITATION AFTER CEREBROVASCULAR INSULT

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    Cerebrovaskularni inzult je neurološki poremećaj kod kojeg zbog prekida krvotoka i nepotpune opskrbe mozga kisikom dolazi do odumiranja moždanog tkiva, u dijelovima koje opskrbljuje pogođena krvna žila. Uzroci mogu biti začepljenje krvne žile ili njeno puknuće. Cerebrovaskularni inzult je stanje koje zahtijeva hitnu medicinsku pomoć te često uzrokuje trajna neurološka oštećenja. Zauzima najznačajnije mjesto među cerebrovaskularnim bolestima te je prvi uzrok invaliditeta, a drugi vodeći uzrok smrti u svijetu. Najčešći čimbenici rizika su: starija životna dob, dijabetes, hipertenzija, srčane bolesti i bolesti karotidnih arterija. Simptomi nastaju naglo te ovise o veličini oštećenja i vremenu koje je bilo potrebno da se postavi dijagnoza. Rana rehabilitacija je od velike važnosti za poboljšanje funkcionalnog oporavka te zahtijeva interdisciplinarni pristup. Današnji principi neurorehabilitacije zasnivaju se na teoriji neuroplastičnosti. Oporavak nakon cerebrovaskularnog inzulta u korelaciji je s rasponom moždanog oštećenja te motivacijom pacijenta.Cerebrovascular insult is a neurological disorder in which interruption of blood flow and incomplete oxygen supply to the brain result in the death of brain tissue in the parts supplied by the affected blood vessel. Causes can include blockage or rupture of a blood vessel. Cerebrovascular insult is a condition that requires urgent medical assistance and often leads to permanent neurological damage. It holds a significant position among cerebrovascular diseases and is the primary cause of disability, as well as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Common risk factors include advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, and carotid artery diseases. Symptoms appear suddenly and vary based on the extent of damage and the time taken to diagnose. Early rehabilitation is of great importance for improving functional recovery and requires an interdisciplinary approach. Today's principles of neurorehabilitation are based on the theory of neuroplasticity. Cerebrovascular insult recovery is correlated with the extent of brain damage and patient motivation

    DIGITAL MARKETING IN THE BANKING SEKTOR

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    Digitalni marketing sve više postaje jedno od najtraženijih područja ekonomije, a ovakav oblik komunikacijskih aktivnosti potreban je svima koji se žele istaknuti u oglašavanju na najbolji način. Ubrzani razvoj informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije za sobom je donio brojne prednosti, najviše za poslovanja. Zbog toga je lakše neko ikada prije doći do kupaca i prenijeti mu željene informacije, ponuditi uslugu i proizvod i na temelju komunikacije s kupcem dobiti uvid u njegove želje i potrebe. Korištenjem interneta i raznih društvenih mreža potrošači su informirani, znaju što žele i gdje to pronaći. Milijuni ljudi diljem svijeta razmjenjuju svoja iskustva o proizvodima, komuniciraju, dijele sadržaje, i daju osvrte na poduzeće i proizvode Taj trend pokrenuo je i banke koje stvaraju digitalni marketinški model i uspešno ga primjenjuju.Digital marketing is increasingly becoming one of the most sought-after areas of the economy, and this form of communication activities is needed by everyone who wants to stand out in advertising in the best way. The accelerated development of information and communication technology has brought numerous advantages, mostly for business. Because of this, it is easier than ever before to reach customers and get the desired information, offer a service and product and, based on communication with the customer, get an insight into their wishes and needs. Using the Internet and various social networks, consumers are informed, they know what they want and where to find it. Millions around the world exchange their experiences about products, communicate, share content, and give reviews about companies and products. This trend has also been initiated by banks that create a digital marketing model and successfully apply it

    PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

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    Etika je skup načela moralnog ponašanja nekog društva koja se zasnivaju na temeljnim društvenim vrijednostima poput dobrote, poštenja, istine, ljudskosti i slično. Kako u privatnom, tako i u poslovnom svijetu, poslovna etika je postala neizostavni dio svake organizacije. U slučaju njezina nedostatka, organizacija ne postupa po moralnim i etičnim načelima što odmah vodi ka neskladu i nerazumijevanju u poslovnoj zajednici. Važan dio poslovne etike su načela koja oblikuju pravila etičnog ponašanja, a drugi dio poslovne etike oblikovan je zakonima, pravima i normama na što zaposlenik nema prevelik utjecaj. Na organizacijama je da pokušaju zadržati etično ponašanje prema zaposlenicima kako bi oni vratili istom mjerom. U slučajevima gdje se poslodavac ne ponaša etično prema djelatnicima vlada nesklad i teško je ostvariti uspjeh i postići dobre rezultate što na kraju vodi do gubitka na razini tvrtke. Ljudski potencijali označavaju potencijal koji imaju zaposlenici, a organizacija ga mora prepoznati i razviti. Putem menadžmenta ljudskih potencijala, organizacija stvara obrazovane i motivirane zaposlenike koji će što kvalitetnije postizati zadane ciljeve.Ethics are a set of principles of moral behavior in a society that are based on basic social values such as kindness, honesty, truth, humanity and the like. Both in the private and business world, business ethics has become an indispensable part of every organization. Whatever business organization falls short of moral and ethical principles, that lack would definitely lead to disharmony and misunderstanding in the business community. An important part of business ethics are the principles that shape the rules of ethical behavior, and the other part of business ethics is shaped by laws, rights and norms, over which the employee does not have too much influence. It is up to organizations to try to maintain ethical behavior towards employees so that they reciprocate. In cases where the employer does not behave ethically towards the employees, disharmony prevails and it is difficult to achieve success and achieve good results, which ultimately leads to loss at the company level. Human resources means the potential that employees have, and the organization must recognize and develop it. Through the management of human resources, the organization creates educated and motivated employees who will achieve the set goals as efficiently as possible

    ELASTIC ORTHOSIS INFLUENCE ON THE RESULTS OF THE STAR EXCURSION AND Y BALANCE TEST

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    Elastična ortoza koljena služi kako bi se povećala stabilnost koljena. Olakšava bolove i prilikom sportskih aktivnosti, osoba koja je koristi osjeća se sigurnije. Y – Balance test i Star Excursion Balane Test su dva dinamička testa ravnoteže koji zahtijevaju snagu, fleksibilnost i propriocepciju. Temeljem ovih ispita testira se dinamička ravnoteža koja zahtjeva od ispitanika da balansira na jednoj nozi dok s drugom nogom pokušava napraviti što veći doseg u različitim smjerovima. U ovom istraživanju cilj je bio utvrditi ima li elastična ortoza utjecaja na posturalnu stabilnost i stabilnost koljena noge koja izvodi testove ravnoteže, te postoji li razlika između mlađih i starijih ispitanica prije i poslije primjene elastične ortoze. Provedeno je istraživanje u kojemu je sudjelovalo 30 ispitanica. Provedena su dva testa ravnoteže na obje noge i to prije primjene elastične ortoze te pri primjeni elastične ortoze. Rezultati su pokazali kako potporna ortoza ima utjecaja na izvedbe Y–Balance test i Star Excursion Balance Testa. Također rezultati pokazuju kako ne postoji razlika između starijih i mlađih ispitanica prije i tijekom nošenja elastične ortoze u izvođenju ova dva testa.The elastic knee orthosis serves to increase the stability of the knee. It relieves pain and during sports activities, the person who uses it feels safer. The Y - Balance Test and the Star Excursion Balane Test are two dynamic balance conditions that require strength, flexibility and perception. Based on these tests, dynamic balance is tested, which requires the examinee to balance on one leg while trying to make as much reach as possible in different directions with the other leg. In this research, the goal was to determine whether the elastic orthosis has any effect on the postural and knee stability of the leg performing balance tests, and whether there is any difference between younger and older subjects before and after the application of the elastic orthosis. A survey was conducted in which 30 respondents participated. Two balance tests were performed on both legs, before applying the elastic orthosis and during the application of the elastic orthosis. The results showed that the support orthosis has an impact on the performances of the Y-Balance test and the Star Excursion Balance Test. Also, the results prove that there is no difference between older and younger subjects before and during wearing the elastic orthosis in the performance of these two tests

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