Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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THE EFFECT OF AN ELASTIC ORTHOSIS ON HAND GRIP STRENGTH
No full textElastična ortoza je ortopedsko pomagalo koje pomaže u procesu rehabilitacije ili u preventivne svrhe kako bi se izbjegla potencijalna ozljeda. Elastična ortoza za šaku pruža potporu i stabilnost ručnom zglobu. Ovaj diplomski rad ima za cilj ispitati učinak elastične ortoze na snagu stiska šake. Također, utvrditi postoji li razlika u snazi stiska šake s primjenom elastične ortoze i bez nje, te postoji li razlika u stisku šake između spolova i dominantnosti ruke. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 50 rukometaša od čega je bilo 25 muškaraca i 25 žena. Svi sudionici mjerenja se aktivno bave rukometom. Mjerenje je provedeno digitalnim ručnim dinamometrom prilikom čega su ispitanici primjenjivali maksimalnu silu stiska noseći elastičnu ortozu na ruci kao i bez nje. Mjerenja su se provela na dominantnoj kao i na nedominantnoj ruci. Rezultati su pokazali da elastična ortoza ima značajan utjecaj na snagu stiska šake kod nedominantne ruke, dok se na dominantnoj ruci nije pokazao značajnim. Razlika u stisku ruke između dominantne i nedominantne ruke nije statistički značajna. Osvrćući se na razlike među spolovima rezultati su pokazali veće smanjenje snage stiska pod utjecajem ortoze kod žena, ali bez statistički značajne razlike među spolovima.An elastic orthosis is an orthopedic device that helps in the rehabilitation process or for preventive purposes to avoid potential injury. An elastic hand orthosis provides support and stability to the wrist. This thesis aims to examine the effect of an elastic orthosis on hand grip strength. Also, to determine whether there is a difference in hand grip strength with and without the use of an elastic orthosis, and whether there is a difference in hand grip strength between genders and hand dominance. The research was conducted on a sample of 50 handball players, 25 of whom were men and 25 women. All participants in the measurement are actively involved in handball. The measurement was carried out with a digital hand dynamometer, during which the subjects applied maximum grip force while wearing an elastic orthosis on their hand and without it. The measurements were carried out on both the dominant and non-dominant hands. The results showed that the elastic orthosis has a significant effect on hand grip strength in the non-dominant hand, while it was not significant on the dominant hand. The difference in hand grip strength between the dominant and non-dominant hand was not statistically significant. Regarding gender differences, the results showed a greater decrease in grip strength under the influence of the orthosis in women, but without a statistically significant difference between the sexes
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL REALITY IN THE TREATMENT OF VERTIGO
No full textVrtoglavica je čest simptom povezan s poremećajima vestibularnog sustava koji značajno utječe na kvalitetu života pacijenata. Tradicionalni pristupi liječenju uključuju farmakoterapiju, fizioterapiju, psihoterapiju i vrlo rijetko, otokiruršku terapiju, no tehnološki napredak pruža nove mogućnosti kroz primjenu umjetne stvarnosti (VR) u rehabilitaciji. Umjetna (virtualna) stvarnost (engl. virtual reality - VR) omogućuje simulaciju kontroliranih okruženja u kojima pacijenti mogu sigurno i postupno vježbati vestibularne reakcije, izlažući se specifičnim podražajima koji pomažu u ponovnom uspostavljanju ravnoteže. Proširena stvarnost (engl. augmented reality - AR) obogaćuje stvarni svijet digitalnim elementima i uputama, poboljšavajući preciznost i učinkovitost rehabilitacijskih vježbi. Primjena AR i VR tehnologija smanjuje simptome vrtoglavice, pomaže u boljoj prostornoj orijentaciji te omogućuje individualizirani pristup pacijentima. Te inovativne metode potiču brži oporavak i dugoročno poboljšanje funkcionalnih sposobnosti pacijenata, s posebnim naglaskom na smanjenje osjećaja nesigurnosti i poboljšanje samopouzdanja u svakodnevnim aktivnostima. Uloga umjetne stvarnosti u zbrinjavanju vrtoglavice predstavlja obećavajući smjer u modernoj rehabilitacijskoj medicini, kombinirajući naprednu tehnologiju s individualiziranim terapijskim pristupima.Vertigo is a frequent symptom associated with disorders of the vestibular system which significantly affect the quality of the patients life. Traditional treatment aproaches include pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy , psychotherapy and very rarely otological surgergy but technological progress provides new opportunities in treatment through application of virtual reality (VR) in rehabilitation. Virtual reality (VR) enables the simulation of a controled enviroment in which the patients can safely and gradualy practice vestibular reactions by exposing themselves to specific stimuli that help restore balance. Augmented reality (AR) enriches the real world with digital elements and instructions which imrpove the precision and effectivness of the rehabilitation excercises. The use of AR and VR technologies reduce the symptoms of vertigo , help in better spatial orientation and enables an individual approach to the patients. These inovative methods enable a faster recovery and a long-term improvement of the functional abilities of the patients, especially reducing feelings of insecurity and improving self-confidence in daily activities. By combining advanced technology with individualized therapeutic approaches the role of artificial reality in the treatment of vertigo represents a promising direction in rehabilitation medicine
MULTIDISCIPLINARNI PRISTUP U REHABILITACIJI BOLI
No full textOvim priručnikom želimo vam približiti što multidisciplinaran pogled na bol znači i kakav on ishod ima u rehabilitaciji iste. Kroz posljednjih sedam godina školovanja, stručnog usavršavanja i rada u struci uvidjeli smo potrebu za podizanjem svijesti o boli kao biopsihosocijalnom problemu. Iako fizioterapeuti imaju na raspolaganju niz metoda i pristupa za ublažavanje boli i vraćanje funkcije, pravi pomak nastaje tek kada se bol ne promatra izdvojeno, već kroz prizmu osobe koja je nosi – njezinih emocija, misli, iskustava i životnih okolnosti. Tek tada terapija prestaje biti puki protokol i postaje istinski susret dviju osoba u procesu iscjeljenja
QUALITY OF LIFE OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS
No full textUvod: Kvaliteta života starijih osoba predstavlja važan pokazatelj općeg zdravlja i dobrobiti ove populacije. Zdravstveni problemi poput kroničnih bolesti, boli i smanjene tjelesne aktivnosti često negativno utječu na funkcionalnost i samostalnost starijih osoba. Fizioterapija ima ključnu ulogu u održavanju i poboljšanju kvalitete života u gerijatrijskoj dobi. Metodologija istraživanja: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 81 ispitanika starije životne dobi (prosječna dob 75,35 godina) koristeći deskriptivne statistike i upitnike koji su mjerili tjelesnu masu, prisutnost bolesti, razinu boli, upotrebu pomagala, tjelesnu aktivnost, socijalnu podršku i kvalitetu života. Rezultati: Većina ispitanika (63%) imala je prekomjernu tjelesnu masu (prosječni BMI 26,92). Bol je prijavilo 80,2% ispitanika, što utječe na smanjenu mobilnost i kvalitetu života. Visoka prevalencija kardiovaskularnih (64,2%) i neuroloških bolesti (58%), s povišenim krvnim tlakom (84,6%) i moždanim udarom (66%). 42% ispitanika redovito prakticira fizioterapiju ili tjelesnu aktivnost. 39,5% koristi pomagalo pri hodu, a značajan dio ispitanika ima ograničenu pokretljivost. Socijalna podrška je relativno visoka (M=26,20), što je važno za očuvanje psihičkog zdravlja. Rasprava: Ispitanici pokazuju visoku prevalenciju kroničnih bolesti, boli i pretilosti, što negativno utječe na njihovu funkcionalnost i kvalitetu života. Fizioterapija u palijativnoj skrbi ima veliku ulogu u smanjenju boli, očuvanju mobilnosti i samostalnosti, no nedovoljno je zastupljena u svakodnevnom životu većine ispitanika. Socijalna podrška je važan čimbenik, a tjelesna aktivnost i upotreba pomagala doprinose povećanju kvalitete života i smanjenju rizika od pada. Zaključak: Visoka učestalost boli, kroničnih bolesti i smanjene tjelesne aktivnosti u starijoj populaciji značajno narušava kvalitetu života. Integracija fizioterapije u palijativnu i preventivnu skrb nužna je za očuvanje funkcionalnosti starijih osoba.Introduction: Quality of life in older adults is an important indicator of overall health and wellbeing in this population. Health problems such as chronic diseases, pain, and reduced physical activity often negatively affect the functionality and independence of older adults. Physiotherapy plays a key role in maintaining and improving quality of life in the geriatric population. Research Methodology: The study was conducted on a sample of 81 older adults (mean age 75.35 years) using descriptive statistics and questionnaires that measured body mass, presence of diseases, pain level, use of aids, physical activity, social support, and quality of life. Results: Most participants (63%) had excess body weight (average BMI 26.92). Pain was reported by 80.2% of participants, which affects reduced mobility and quality of life. There was a high prevalence of cardiovascular (64.2%) and neurological diseases (58%), with hypertension (84.6%) and stroke (66%) being the most common. Forty-two percent of participants regularly practiced physiotherapy or physical activity. 39.5% used walking aids, and a significant portion had limited mobility. Social support was relatively high (M=26.20), which is important for maintaining mental health. Discussion: Participants showed a high prevalence of chronic diseases, pain, and obesity, which negatively impact their functionality and quality of life. Physiotherapy in palliative care has a major role in reducing pain, preserving mobility, and maintaining independence, yet it is insufficiently utilized in the daily lives of most participants. Social support is an important factor, and physical activity and the use of aids contribute to improving quality of life and reducing the risk of falls. Conclusion: The high prevalence of pain, chronic diseases, and reduced physical activity in the older population significantly impairs quality of life. Integration of physiotherapy into palliative and preventive care is essential for preserving the functionality of older adults
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL DEVICES ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PESCHOOL CHILDREN AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
No full textU suvremenom društvu digitalni uređaji postali su sastavni dio svakodnevice, pa tako i dječjeg odrastanja. Djeca predškolske dobi sve češće provode vrijeme uz mobilne telefone, tablete i televizore, što može ostaviti posljedice na njihov tjelesni razvoj. Kroz provedeno istraživanje u dvije predškolske ustanove ispitani su stavovi i zapažanja roditelja o navikama korištenja digitalnih uređaja kod djece, učestalosti tjelesne aktivnosti, mogućim promjenama u držanju tijela i pojavi bolova, kao i razina informiranosti roditelja o negativnim učincima. Rezultati upućuju na sve prisutniji problem smanjene fizičke aktivnosti i posturalnih promjena kod djece, uz istovremenu nisku razinu savjetovanja roditelja sa stručnjacima. Rad donosi i preporuke za prevenciju, s naglaskom na važnost edukacije roditelja i poticanje djece na kretanje.In modern society, digital devices have become an integral part of everyday life, including children's upbringing. Preschool-aged children are increasingly spending time using mobile phones, tablets, and televisions, which may have consequences on their physical development. Through research conducted in two preschool institutions, parents' attitudes and observations were examined regarding their children's digital device usage habits, frequency of physical activity, possible postural changes, the occurrence of pain, and the level of parental awareness of negative effects. The results indicate a growing problem of reduced physical activity and postural changes in children, along with a low level of parental consultation with professionals. The paper also offers recommendations for prevention, emphasizing the importance of parental education and encouraging children to engage in physical movement
NEUROROBOTICS IN THE REHABILITATION OF NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS
No full textNeurorobotika predstavlja suvremeno interdisciplinarno područje koje objedinjuje znanja iz robotike, neuroznanosti i rehabilitacijske medicine s ciljem poboljšanja oporavka kod osoba s neurološkim oštećenjima. Najčešće se primjenjuje u neurorehabilitaciji pacijenata nakon moždanog udara te kod pacijenata koji boluju od Mb. Parkinsona, multiple skleroze i traumatskih ozljeda mozga, a doprinose funkcionalnom oporavku osoba. Neurorobotski uređaji za rehabilitaciju gornjih i donjih ekstremiteta, egzoskeletni sustavi te end-effector roboti čine temeljnu skupinu tehnologija koje se najučestalije primjenjuju u suvremenoj neurorehabilitaciji.. Izrazito su važne tehnološke komponente, kao što su senzori, upravljački algoritmi i biofeedback mehanizmi, koji omogućuju personalizirane terapije visoke preciznosti. U kliničkoj praksi u Hrvatskoj prisutni su primjeri uspješne primjene unatoč izazovima kao što su visoki troškovi opreme i nedostatak educiranog kadra. Poštivanje etičkih smjernica i funkcionalnih principa predstavlja ključan preduvjet za sigurnu i učinkovitu primjenu neurorobotike u rehabilitaciji.Neurorobotics represents a modern interdisciplinary field that integrates knowledge from robotics, neuroscience, and rehabilitation medicine with the aim of improving recovery in individuals with neurological impairments. It is most commonly applied in neurorehabilitation of patients after stroke, as well as in those with Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injuries, contributing to functional recovery. Neurorobotic devices for the rehabilitation of upper and lower extremities, exoskeletal systems, and end-effector robots form the core group of technologies most frequently used in contemporary neurorehabilitation. Technological components such as sensors, control algorithms, and biofeedback mechanisms are of particular importance, as they enable highly precise and personalized therapies. In clinical practice in Croatia, there are examples of successful implementation despite challenges such as high equipment costs and a lack of trained personnel. Adherence to ethical guidelines and functional principles is a crucial prerequisite for the safe and effective use of neurorobotics in rehabilitation
DYNAMIC NEUROMUSCULAR STABILIZATION
No full textDinamička neuromuskularna stabilizacija (DNS) suvremeni je rehabilitacijski pristup temeljen na znanstvenim principima razvojne kineziologije, neurofiziologije i biomehanike. DNS koristi te obrasce kako bi reaktivirao optimalnu funkciju mišićno-koštanog sustava i posturalnu kontrolu kod osoba s različitim neurološkim i ortopedskim poremećajima. Osnovna ideja DNS-a je da kvaliteta pokreta i stabilizacije tijela ovisi o pravilnoj funkciji središnjeg živčanog sustava, koji tijekom ranog razvoja uspostavlja temeljne obrasce disanja, držanja i kretanja. DNS pristup ima široku primjenu, koristi se u prevenciji i rehabilitaciji ozljeda, liječenju bolova u leđima, neurološkim i reumatološkim stanjima, ali i u sportu radi optimizacije motoričkih performansi. DNS poboljšava stabilnost kralježnice, smanjuje bol, povećava funkcionalnost i olakšava svakodnevne aktivnosti kod različitih populacija. Cilj rada je prikazati teorijske osnove i primjenu DNS-a u rehabilitaciji i prevenciji, s naglaskom na stabilizaciju trupa, poboljšanje funkcionalnosti lokomotornog sustava te prevenciju i rehabilitaciju.Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) is a modern rehabilitation approach based on the scientific principles of developmental kinesiology, neurophysiology, and biomechanics. DNS utilizes these patterns to reactivate optimal musculoskeletal function and postural control in individuals with various neurological and orthopedic disorders. The core idea of DNS is that the quality of movement and body stabilization depends on the proper functioning of the central nervous system, which establishes fundamental patterns of breathing, posture, and movement during early development. The DNS approach has a wide range of applications, being used in the prevention and rehabilitation of injuries, treatment of back pain, neurological and rheumatological conditions, as well as in sports for optimizing motor performance. DNS improves spinal stability, reduces pain, increases functionality, and facilitates daily activities across different populations. The aim of this paper is to present the theoretical foundations and application of DNS in rehabilitation and prevention, with an emphasis on core stabilization, improvement of locomotor system functionality, and both prevention and rehabilitation
PUBLIC DEBIT
No full textJavni dug je fiskalni instrument preko kojeg se država zadužuje radi financiranja proračunskog deficita, refinanciranja dospjelih obveza ili pak očuvanja likvidnosti. Ovaj završni rad analizira koncepte javnog zaduživanja, metodologije mjerenja, uzročne faktore, makroekonomske učinke te operativne modele upravljanja javnim dugom u Republici Hrvatskoj i Europskoj uniji. U radu se definira javni dug prema metodologiji ESA 2010 i MMF-a, pri čemu se razrađuju bruto, neto, nominalni, realni i relativni oblici duga. Komparativno se obrađuju ekonomske paradigme u pogledu opravdanosti i učinaka državnog zaduživanja. Navedeni su glavni razlozi rasta duga u obliku kroničnih fiskalnih deficita, ekonomske krize i ratnih konflikata. Težište analize su kvantitativni indikatori javnog duga. Prikazana je pravna regulacija Republike Hrvatske prema Zakonu o proračunu i godišnjoj strategiji upravljanja dugom. Rad razlikuje kratkoročne mjere fiskalne konsolidacije i dugoročne pristupe kroz strukturne reforme.Public debt is a fiscal instrument through which the state borrows to finance the budget deficit, refinance due obligations or maintain liquidity. This paper analyses the concept of public borrowing, the methodologies of borrowing, causal factors, macroeconomic effects, and operative models of public debt management in the Republic of Croatia and European Union. The paper defines public employing both the ESA 2010 and MMF methodology, elaborating gross, net, nominal, real, and relative forms of debt. Economic paradigms concerning the justification and effects of State borrowing are comparatively elaborated. The specification of the main reasons for debt growth in the form of short term fiscal deficits, economic crises, and war conflicts is given. The focal point of the analysis is the quantitative indicators of public debt. Next, there is a broader picture of the legal framework of the Republic of Croatia in pursuance of the Budget Act and annual Debt Management Strategy. The paper distinguishes short-term measures of fiscal consolidation and long term approache through structural reforms
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS
No full textOsteoporoza je progresivna bolest koja uzrokuje propadanje koštanog tkiva i smanjivanje koštane mase. Obično ne pokazuje simptome prilikom razvoja te je poznata i kao tiha epidemija. Češća je pojava kod pripadnica ženskog spola, pogotovo starije životne dobi. Razlikujemo lokalizirani i generalizirani oblik. Generalizirani oblik se još dalje dijeli na primarnu i sekundarnu osteoporozu. Bolest se nerijetko otkriva prilikom pretraga nakon pretrpjelog prijeloma kosti. Terapija se provodi pomoću farmakološke terapije, fizikalne terapije, psihološke terapije, prevencije prijeloma, pridržavanja adekvatnog načina ishrane za ovu bolest i izbjegavanjem čimbenika koji bi mogli pomoći pri progresiji bolesti. Fizioterapijski postupci koji se koriste u terapiji se baziraju na fizioterapijskoj procjeni bolesnika. Obično se u svrhu terapije koriste elektroterapija, magnetoterapija, hidroterapija, kineziterapija i druge. Fizioterapeut također ima vrlo važnu ulogu u edukaciji bolesnika o bolesti, primjeni pomagala i načinu života sa bolesti. U multidisciplinarnom timu, fizioterapeut surađuje sa drugim stručnjacima iz raznih polja, sa ciljem postizanja više razine zdravstvene njege bolesnika. Svi stručnjaci u timu redovno komuniciraju kako bi razmijenili najnovije informacije o trenutnom stanju bolesnika te kako bi mogli ustanoviti buduće potrebe bolesnika.Osteoporosis is a progressive disease that causes bone tissue to deteriorate and bone mass to decrease. It usually does not show symptoms during development and is also known as a silent epidemic. It is more common in women, especially in older age. We distinguish between localized and generalized forms. The generalized form is divided even further into primary and secondary osteoporosis. The disease is often discovered during tests after a bone fracture. Therapy is carried out using pharmacological therapy, physical therapy, psychological therapy, prevention of fractures, adherence to an adequate diet for this disease and avoiding factors that could help the progression of the disease. Physiotherapy procedures used in therapy are based on the patient's physiotherapy assessment. Electrotherapy, magnetotherapy, hydrotherapy, kinesitherapy and others are usually used for the purpose of therapy. The physiotherapist also has a very important role in educating the patient about the disease, the use of aids and the way of life with the disease. In a multidisciplinary team, the physiotherapist cooperates with other experts from various fields, with the aim of achieving a higher level of patient care. All experts in the team communicate regularly in order to exchange the latest information about the patient's current condition and to be able to determine the patient's future needs
E-SHOPPING GENERATION X
No full textRazvoj tehnologije potakao je promjene u načinu rada i uzrokovao promjene u ljudskom ponašanju. Svaka generacija ima specifičan dodir s tehnologijom i zbog toga se pokazala potreba za istraživanjem čimbenika različitosti u karakteru zajednica i pojedinaca. Koncept generacija funkcionira kao posebna primjena pristupa prema dobi tj. prema generacijama. U ovom radu koncentracija je na generaciji X, odnosno rođenima između 1965. i 1980. te njihovom ponašanju u digitalnom okruženju. Cilj je istražiti kupovne navike generacije X. U teorijskom dijelu istražuje se pojam e-trgovine. E-trgovina kao čin razmjene proizvoda i usluga koristeći elektronička sredstava donijela je brojne promjene. Rad prati razvoj e-trgovine, načine na koje se upravlja etrgovinom, koje su prednosti i što nas čeka u budućnosti. Rad prati i ponašanje kupaca u digitalnom okruženju, s naglaskom na generaciji X. Kakva karakteristike pokazuju kao potrošači, na koji način donose odluke i što kod njih utječe na odlučivanje. Također, istražuje se kako su se snašli i kako se snalaze u online okruženju i stalnom napretku i novitetima koje donosi digitalizacija i tehnologija. Empirijski dio rada obuhvaća istraživanje provedeno putem ankete, provedeno na 231 pripadniku generacije X. Kroz 26 pitanja istražuje se na koji način generacija X funkcionira u digitalnom okruženju, kakve preferencije imaju i čemu pridaju važnost kod kupovine putem interneta.The development of technology prompted changes in the way people work and caused changes in human behavior. Every generation has specific interactions with technology which presents the need to research factors of difference in the character of communities and individuals. The concept of generations functions as a specific change in approach to age, i.e. to generations. The focus of this paper is Generation X, i.e. those born between 1965 and 1980, as well as their behavior and digital environment. The goal is to examine shopping habits of Generation X. The theoretical part examines the concept of e-commerce. E-commerce as an act of exchange of products and services using electronic resources brough many changes. This paper follows the development of ecommerce and ways to manage e-commerce, as well as examining the advantages of e-commerce and predicts what awaits us in the future. The paper also follows the behavior of buyers in a digital environment, with emphasis on Generation X. It examines what characteristics they show as consumers, how they make decisions and what influences them to decide. The paper also examines how they manage in an online environment and the constant progress and novelties brough about by digitalization and technology. The empiric part of the paper covers the research performed though a survey conducted on 231 members of Generation X. Through 26 questions, the survey examined the way Generation X functions in a digital environment, what their preferences are and what they consider important in online shopping