Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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APPLICATION OF THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION CONCEPT IN THE REHABILITATION OF SPORTS INJURIES
No full textSportske ozljede predstavljaju čest problem u profesionalnom i rekreativnom sportu, a često dovode do smanjenja funkcionalnosti i produljene odsutnosti od aktivnosti. Njihova rehabilitacija zahtijeva primjenu suvremenih terapijskih metoda koje ciljaju na vraćanje optimalne funkcije mišićno-koštanog sustava. Proprioceptivna neuromuskularna facilitacija (PNF) je koncept koji se često koristi u rehabilitaciji sportskih ozljeda. PNF obuhvaća specifične tehnike koje potiču poboljšanje propriocepcije, povećanje mišićne jakosti i fleksibilnosti te vraćanje stabilnosti zglobova. PNF koristi dijagonalne pokrete te razne tehnike. Te tehnike imaju ključnu ulogu u učinkovitom vraćanju funkcionalnosti ozlijeđenih dijelova tijela. Ove metode omogućuju efikasnu rehabilitaciju ozlijeđenih mišića i zglobova, pomažući sportašima da se brže vrate svojim aktivnostima uz smanjeni rizik od ponovnih ozljeda.Sports injuries are a common problem in professional and recreational sports, and often lead to reduced functionality and prolonged absence from activities. Their rehabilitation requires the application of modern therapeutic methods aimed at restoring the optimal function of the musculoskeletal system. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a concept often used in the rehabilitation of sports injuries. PNF includes specific techniques that encourage improvement of proprioception, increase of muscle strength and flexibility, and restoration of joint stability. PNF uses diagonal movements and various techniques. These techniques play a key role in effectively restoring the functionality of injured body parts. These methods enable effective rehabilitation of injured muscles and joints, helping athletes to return to their activities more quickly with a reduced risk of re-injury
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC ASSESSMENT AND PROCEDURES IN THE TRETMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL BRACHIAL PAIN SYNDROME
No full textCervikalna kralježnica igra ključnu ulogu u održavanju stabilnosti i funkcionalnosti gornjeg dijela tijela, a bilo kakvi problemi u tom području mogu značajno utjecati na kvalitetu života. Cervikobrahijalni sindrom, kompleks simptoma koji obuhvaća bol, ukočenost i slabost u vratu i ruci, predstavlja ozbiljan izazov za dijagnostiku i liječenje. Cervikalna kralježnica, smještena u gornjem dijelu kralježničnog stupa, sastoji se od sedam vratnih kralježaka. Njena složena struktura omogućuje velik raspon pokreta i podršku glavnoj funkciji, a to je zaštita spinalnog kordona i omogućavanje slobodnog kretanja glave i vrata. Problemi u ovom području mogu uzrokovati razne simptome, uključujući bol, ukočenost, slabost i paresteziju u gornjim ekstremitetima. Razumijevanje anatomije cervikalne kralježnice i patofiziologije povezanih sindroma ključno je za učinkovito liječenje i rehabilitaciju. Ovaj rad nudi sveobuhvatan pregled anatomije cervikalne kralježnice, patofiziologije cervikobrahijalnog sindroma, te uloge fizioterapeuta u procjeni, planiranju i provođenju terapije. Cervikobrahijalni sindrom je složen poremećaj koji zahtijeva sveobuhvatan pristup u dijagnostici i liječenju. Razumijevanje anatomije cervikalne kralježnice, patofiziologije sindroma te uloge fizioterapeuta u rehabilitaciji ključno je za učinkovito upravljanje ovim stanjem i poboljšanje kvalitete života pacijenata.The cervical spine plays a key role in maintaining the stability and functionality of the upper body, and any problems in this area can significantly affect the quality of life. Cervicobrachial syndrome, a complex of symptoms that includes pain, stiffness and weakness in the neck and arm, represents a serious challenge for diagnosis and treatment. The cervical spine, located in the upper part of the spinal column, consists of seven neck vertebrae. Its complex structure enables a large range of motion and supports the main function, which is to protect the spinal cord and enable free movement of the head and neck. Problems in this area can cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, stiffness, weakness, and paresthesia in the upper extremities. Understanding the anatomy of the cervical spine and the pathophysiology of associated syndromes is essential for effective treatment and rehabilitation. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the anatomy of the cervical spine, the pathophysiology of cervicobrachial syndrome, and the role of physical therapists in the assessment, planning and implementation of therapy. Cervicobrachial syndrome is a complex disorder that requires a comprehensive approach in diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the anatomy of the cervical spine, the pathophysiology of the syndrome and the role of the physiotherapist in rehabilitation is essential for the effective management of this condition and improving the quality of life of patients
INFLUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETS ON DOMESTIC PRODUCTION IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
No full textIndustrija tekstila na području Hrvatske pojavljuje se 20-ih godina prošlog stoljeća. Djelovanjem politike i tržišta dostiže svoj vrhunac, nakon čega prolazi kroz tranzicijske promjene. U otežanom razdoblju za hrvatsko gospodarstvo pokušava pronaći nove puteve kako bi se ponovno uspostavila kao konkurentna djelatnost u novom okruženju tržišnog gospodarstva. Pridruživanjem Europskoj uniji prolazi kroz proces uključivanja u globalne vrijednosne lance. S jedne strane, to je povoljno zbog veće potrošačke baze, no suočava se s povećanom konkurencijom, kako iz integracije zbog razvijene industrije, tako i sa svjetskog tržišta, koje ima neiscrpne resurse i radnu snagu. Promjene dolaze u vremenu kada standard života u Hrvatskoj raste te zadržavanje radnika postaje rizik za opstanak tekstilnih poduzeća. Poslovanje je izazovnije uz poticaje Europske unije na održivu i zelenu transformaciju.The textile industry in Croatia emerged in the 1920s. Under the influence of both political forces and market conditions, it reached its peak, after which it underwent significant transitional changes. During a particularly challenging period for the Croatian economy, the industry sought out new strategies to re-establish itself as a competitive sector within a rapidly evolving market economy. With Croatia’s accession to the EU, the industry underwent a process of integration into global value chains. On the one hand, it presented opportunities by expanding the consumer base; on the other hand, it introduced increased competition, both from within the EU, with its well-developed industries, and from the global market, which benefits from abundant resources and labour. Rising living standards in Croatia made employee retention a significant challenge for the survival of textile companies. Moreover, the EU's push for sustainability introduced further complexity to their business operations
TREATMENT OF POST-COVID DIZZINES
No full textPost-corona vrtoglavica postala je čest problem kod osoba koje su preboljele COVID- 19, zahtijevajući sveobuhvatan i prilagođen pristup liječenju. Ova vrsta vrtoglavice može nastati zbog različitih uzroka, uključujući oštećenje vestibularnog sustava, neurološke posljedice ili kao rezultat dugotrajnog umora i stresa povezanih s bolešću. Jedan od ključnih pristupa u zbrinjavanju post-corona vrtoglavice je vestibularna rehabilitacija. Ovaj proces uključuje vježbe usmjerene na poboljšanje ravnoteže, koordinacije i prilagodbe na pokrete, što pomaže pacijentima da povrate stabilnost. Korištenjem ciljano osmišljenih vježbi za glavu i tijelo, koje stimuliraju vestibularni sustav, pacijenti mogu postupno smanjiti simptome vrtoglavice. Postupna izloženost i navikavanje također su učinkoviti u liječenju ove vrste vrtoglavice. Pacijenti se postepeno izlažu pokretima i vizualnim podražajima koji izazivaju simptome, čime se s vremenom smanjuje njihova osjetljivost. Ova metoda pomaže u ublažavanju simptoma i smanjenju učestalosti vrtoglavice. Kombinacija vestibularne rehabilitacije, upravljanja stresom i eventualne farmakološke podrške može pomoći u smanjenju simptoma i poboljšanju kvalitete života osoba koje su preboljele COVID-19.Post-corona vertigo has become a common problem in people who have recovered from COVID-19, requiring a comprehensive and tailored treatment approach. This type of vertigo can occur due to various causes, including damage to the vestibular system, neurological consequences, or as a result of long-term fatigue and stress associated with the disease. One of the key approaches in the treatment of post-corona vertigo is vestibular rehabilitation. This process involves exercises aimed at improving balance, coordination and adaptation to movements, which helps patients regain stability. By using targeted exercises for the head and body, which stimulate the vestibular system, patients can gradually reduce the symptoms of vertigo. Gradual exposure and habituation are also effective in treating this type of vertigo. Patients are gradually exposed to movements and visual stimuli that cause symptoms, which reduces their sensitivity over time. This method helps relieve symptoms and reduce the frequency of dizziness. A combination of vestibular rehabilitation, stress management and possible pharmacological support can help reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life of people who have recovered from COVID-19
LAW ON PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION CARD AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION
No full textOvaj završni rad bavi se Zakonom o osobnoj iskaznici i njegovom primjenom u praksi u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rad započinje pregledom povijesnog razvoja osobne iskaznice, uključujući zakonodavni okvir kroz povijest i značajne promjene i reforme od osamostaljenja Hrvatske do danas. Posebna pažnja posvećena je razdobljima od 1991. do 2000. godine, kada su započele prve reforme, zatim od 2000. do 2010. godine, koje su obilježene modernizacijom i digitalizacijom, te od 2010. godine do danas, kada su se zakonodavni okviri usklađivali s EU standardima i uvedene su napredne sigurnosne mjere. Dalje, rad detaljno analizira Zakon o osobnoj iskaznici, njegov pravni temelj, sadržaj, definiciju i svrhu osobne iskaznice, prava na izdavanje, obveze državljana i nadležnih tijela, specifikacije i izgled iskaznice, postupak izdavanja i obnove te zaštitu osobnih podataka. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na elektroničku osobnu iskaznicu (eOI), njezinu ulogu u digitalnoj identifikaciji i korištenje u svakodnevnom životu. Praktična primjena Zakona istražena je kroz procedure izdavanja osobne iskaznice, uključujući podnošenje zahtjeva, potrebne dokumente te rokove i troškove izdavanja. Razmatrani su problemi i izazovi u primjeni zakona, uključujući praktične probleme u izdavanju, sigurnosne aspekte i zaštitu privatnosti. Zaključak rada sintetizira ključne nalaze, naglašavajući važnost zakona o osobnoj iskaznici u modernizaciji javne uprave i digitalizaciji usluga za građane, ali i potrebu za kontinuiranim prilagođavanjem zakonodavnog okvira i tehnološke infrastrukture kako bi se odgovorilo na izazove zaštite podataka i sigurnosti u digitalnom dobu.This thesis focuses on the Personal Identification Card Act and its application in practice in the Republic of Croatia. The paper begins with an overview of the historical development of the personal identification card, including the legislative framework throughout history and significant changes and reforms from Croatia's independence to the present day. Special attention is given to the periods from 1991 to 2000, when the first reforms began, followed by the period 2000 to 2010, marked by modernization and digitalization, and from 2010 to onwards, when the legislative framework was aligned with EU standards and advanced security measures were introduced. Furthermore, the thesis provides a detailed analysis of the Personal Identification Card Act, its legal basis, content, definition, and purpose of the personal identification card, the right to issuance, obligations of citizens and competent authorities, specifications and appearance of the card, the process of issuance and renewal, and the protection of personal data. Special emphasis is placed on the electronic personal identification card (eID), its role in digital identification, and its use in everyday life. The practical application of the Act is explored through the procedures for issuing the personal identification card, including the submission of applications, required documents, and the timelines and costs of issuance. The paper considers the problems and challenges in the application of the law, including practical issues in the issuance, security aspects, and privacy protection. Through a comparative analysis, the paper compares the Croatian legislative framework and practice with those in other European Union countries, highlighting similarities and differences and identifying areas for further improvement. The conclusion synthesizes the key findings, emphasizing the importance of the Personal Identification Card Act in the modernization of public administration and the digitalization of services for citizens, as well as the need for continuous adaptation of the legislative framework and technological infrastructure to address the challenges of data protection and security in the digital age
THE CONCEPT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
No full textPojam trgovine seže daleko u ljudsku povijest. Ljudi su pronalazili razne načine kako bi obavljali razmjenu robe i dobara, počevši od robnih razmjena pa sve do trgovanja novcem. Trgovina se kroz povijest značajno razvijala i dovela do toga da danas predstavlja vrlo kompleksnu i značajnu djelatnost na globalnoj razini. Jedna od okosnica modernog poslovanja je svakako i lanac dobave. Primjenom ovakvog poslovanja i trgovine, ona postaje sve produktivnija i konkurentnija na globalnoj razini. U ovom završnom radu bit će riječ i pojmovnom određenju lanca opskrbe, njegovim temeljnim pitanjima za upravljanje kao i rizicima do kojih u trgovini može doći. Također, bit će prikazano koliko je trgovina postala kompleksna i u kojoj mjeri se razlikuje od početaka svog postojanja.The concept of trade goes back far into human history. People found various ways to exchange goods, such as commodity exchanges and money trading. Throughout history, trade has developed significantly and led to the fact that today it represents a very complex and important activity on a global level. Foundation of modern business is certainly the supply chain. By applying this kind of business and trade, it becomes more and more productive and competitive on a global level. In this thesis, the conceptual definition of the supply chain will be explained, its fundamental issues for management, as well as the risks that can occur in trade. Also, it will be shown how complex the trade has become and to what extent it differs from the beginnings of its existence
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL MOTIVATION AMONG YOUNG ATHLETES
No full textMotivacija je pojam u psihologiji koja se definira kao unutarnja ili vanjska snaga koja pokreće pojedinca na djelovanje i usmjerava njegovo ponašanje prema ostvarenju cilja. Motivacija je ključna za postizanje ciljeva, ne samo u sportu nego i u obrazovanju i osobnom razvoju jer potiče pojedinca da ustraje unatoč izazovima i preprekama. Motivacija se dijeli na intrinzičnu (unutarnju) i odnosi se na osobne ciljeve, strast prema nečemu i želju za postizanjem osobnog rasta i ekstrinzičnu (vanjsku) koja se temelji na vanjskim poticajima, nagradama, priznanjima i pritisku trenera i/ili roditelja. Mlade sportašice se često suočavaju s različitim izazovima gdje motivacija ima značajnu ulogu na njihov razvoj. Unutarnja motivacija omogućava da se usmjere na vlastite ciljeve i da uživaju u procesu treninga, dok vanjska motivacija može biti korisna kada pričamo o nagradama i priznanjima, ali može biti i negativna kada govorimo o prekomjernom pritisku ili ovisnosti o vanjskim nagradama. Takva vanjska motivacija može dovesti do gubitka strasti prema sportu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti razlike unutarnje i vanjske motivacije kod mladih sportašica iz dva različita kluba te usporedit rezultate kod različitih dobnih skupina iz istog nogometnog kluba. U svrhu ispitivanja korišten je upitnik: ''Upitnik vanjske i unutarnje motivacije''. Ispitanice su upitnike ispunjavali online preko Google anketa. Rezultati istraživanja nisu pokazali nikakve statistički značajne razlike u vanjskoj i unutarnjoj motivaciji kod nogometašica ŽNK Osijeka i ŽNK Višnjevca.Motivation is a term in psychology that is defined as an internal or external force that moves an individual to action and directs their behavior toward achieving a goal. Motivation is key to achieving goals, not only in sports but also in education and personal development because it encourages an individual to persevere despite challenges and obstacles. Motivation is divided into intrinsic (internal), which refers to personal goals, passion for something, and the desire to achieve personal growth, and extrinsic (external), which is based on external incentives, rewards, recognition, and pressure from coaches and/or parents. Young athletes often face different challenges where motivation plays a significant role in their development. Internal motivation enables them to focus on their own goals and enjoy the training process, while external motivation can be useful when we talk about rewards and recognition, but it can also be negative when we talk about excessive pressure or dependence on external rewards. Such external motivation can lead to a loss of passion for sports. The aim of this research was to compare the differences in internal and external motivation in young female athletes from two different clubs and to compare the results of different age groups from the same football club. For the purpose of the examination, a questionnaire was used: "Questionnaire of External and Internal Motivation." The respondents filled out the questionnaires online via Google surveys. The results of the research did not show any statistically significant differences in external and internal motivation among female soccer players of WFC Osijek and WFC Višnjevac
CREATING A FRAMEWORK FOR THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY THROUGH THE PLANNING OF PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS
No full textMišićne distrofije su vrsta neuromuskularnih bolesti. To su nasljedni i progresivni poremećaji mišića koji se karakteriziraju mišićnom slabošću. Bolest nastaje zbog mutacije gena i češće zahvaća muški spol. Postoje različite vrste mišićnih distrofija, a razlikuju se po zahvaćenoj mišićnoj skupini, dobi nastanka i progresiji. Najčešći oblici su Duchenneova i Beckerova, te rjeđi oblici su miotona, pojasna, Emery Dreifussova, fascioskapulohumeralna, okulofaringealna, kongenitalna i distalna mišićna distrofija. Većina oblika mišićnih distrofija nastaju kod djece i adolescenata, a neke i u kasnijoj životnoj dobi. Česti simptomi bolesti mogu biti progresivna slabost mišića, česti padovi, hodanje na prstima, bol, ukočenost, teškoće pri ustajanju, asimetričan hod te asimetrično sjedenje. Nastaju kontrakture i deformacije poput skolioze te s vremenom oboljeli gube samoovisnost i moraju primjenjivati pomagala kao što su ortoze i invalidska kolica. Fizioterapijske intervencije su usmjerene na poboljšanje i održavanje mišićne snage, očuvanje pokretljivosti kako bi oboljeli bili neovisni pri svakodnevnim aktivnostima, sprječavanju nastanka kontraktura na zglobovima i deformacija segmenata. Važno je provoditi respiratornu fizioterapiju kako bi smanjili nastanak plućnih bolesti i nakupljanja sekreta. Pokušava se poboljšati kvaliteta funkcionalnog i socijalnog života te je vrlo važno informirati i educirati bolesnika te njegovo okruženje kako bi razumjeli njegovo stanje. Pružanje podrške i pomoći pri rehabilitaciji uveliko ima značaj pri smanjenju razvoja bolesti.Muscular dystrophies are a type of neuromuscular disease. These are hereditary and progressive muscle disorders characterized by muscle weakness. The disease is caused by a gene mutation and affects men more often. There are different types of muscular dystrophy, and they differ in the affected muscle group, age of onset and progression. The most common forms are Duchenne's and Becker's, and rarer forms are myotonic, girdle, Emery Dreifuss, fascioscapulohumeral, oculopharyngeal, congenital and distal muscular dystrophy. Most forms of muscular dystrophy occur in children and adolescents, and some in later life. Frequent symptoms of the disease can be progressive muscle weakness, frequent falls, walking on tiptoes, pain, stiffness, difficulty standing up, asymmetrical walking and asymmetrical sitting. Contractures and deformations such as scoliosis occur, and over time the sufferers lose their independence and must use aids such as orthoses and wheelchairs. Physiotherapy interventions are aimed at improving and maintaining muscle strength, preserving mobility so that patients can be independent in daily activities, preventing joint contractures and segment deformations. It is important to carry out respiratory physiotherapy in order to reduce the occurrence of lung diseases and accumulation of secretions. Attempts are being made to improve the quality of functional and social life, and it is very important to inform and educate the patient and his environment in order to understand his condition. Providing support and assistance during rehabilitation is of great importance in reducing the development of the disease
BOBATH CONCEPT - CONTEMPORARY THEORY AND PRACTICE
No full textBobath koncept, poznat i pod nazivom neurorazvojni tretman, razvili su Berta i Karel Bobath, a temelji se na principima neuroplastičnosti mozga, odnosno sposobnosti mozga da se mijenja i prilagođava kao odgovor na okolinu, gravitaciju i zadatak kroz senzornu razinu, razinu istraživanja, razinu činjena i razinu činjenja s izborom. Navedeno se postiže kroz facilitaciju komponenti kompleksnog pokreta te automatizaciju. Ovaj koncept koristi se u analizi i liječenju pacijenata s oštećenjem središnjeg živčanog sustava, te je primjenjiv i kod odraslih i kod djece. Dva glavna načela Bobath koncepta su inhibicija abnormalnih pokreta i facilitacija normalnih obrazaca kretanja. Facilitacija se ostvaruje preko ključnih točaka na tijelu pacijenta, pomažući tako u inicijaciji i izvođenju pokreta. Motoričko učenje i kontrola su ključni faktori u neurorehabilitaciji prema Bobath konceptu. Fokus je na poboljšanju ravnoteže i pokretljivosti pacijenta, s ciljem postizanja što većeg stupnja samostalnosti u svakodnevnom funkcioniranju. Kroz holistički pristup, Bobath koncept uzima u obzir cjelokupno stanje pacijenta, uključujući fizičke, kognitivne i emocionalne aspekte. Temeljna zadaća Bobath koncepta je stimulacija živčanih stanica i veza kako bi se potaknuo funkcionalni oporavak i poboljšala kvaliteta života pacijenata.The Bobath concept, also known as neurodevelopmental treatment, was developed by Berta and Karel Bobath, and is based on the principles of neuroplasticity of the brain, i.e. the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to on the environment, gravity, and task through the sensory level, the exploration level, the level of doing, and the level of doing with choice. This is achieved through the facilitation of components of complex movement and automation. This concept is used in the analysis and treatment of patients with damage to the central nervous system, and is applicable to both adults and children. The two main principles of the Bobath concept are the inhibition of abnormal movements and the facilitation of normal movement patterns. Facilitation is achieved through key points on the patient's body, thus helping in the initiation and execution of movements. Motor learning and control are key factors in neurorehabilitation according to the Bobath concept. The focus is on improving the patient's balance and mobility, with the aim of achieving the highest degree of independence in daily functioning. Through a holistic approach, the Bobath concept takes into account the patient's entire condition, including physical, cognitive and emotional aspects. The fundamental task of the Bobath concept is the stimulation of nerve cells and connections in order to promote functional recovery and improve the quality of life of patients
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN ONCOLOGY PATIENTS
No full textOnkološko oboljenje može utjecati na sve domene kvalitete života pojedinca. Kvaliteta života jedan je od zdravstvenih problema koji najviše zabrinjavaju onkološke bolesnike te je specifična vrsta ishoda koje pacijenti navode kao nešto što obuhvaća socijalne, financijske, psihosocijalne i fizičke aktivnosti pacijenata. Rak se može liječiti operacijom, kemoterapijom, terapijom ionizirajućim zračenjem, hormonskom terapijom, ciljanom terapijom i ostalo. Jedan od elemenata višestrukog upravljanja simptomima kod onkoloških bolesnika jest fizioterapija. Prehrana je uravnotežen izvor energije i hranjivih tvari potrebnih za stanične biokemijske reakcije i zaštitu od oštećenja. Opće preporuke, bez obzira na stadij bolesti, uključuju probir i procjenu pothranjenosti pacijenata oboljelih od raka, procjenu njihovih energetskih potreba i poduzimanje intervencija u prehrani i načinu života.Oncological disease can affect all domains of an individual's quality of life. Quality of life is one of the health problems that most worries cancer patients, and it is a specific type of outcome that patients state as something that includes the social, financial, psychosocial and physical activity of patients. Cancer can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, ionizing radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and more. One of the elements of multiple management of symptoms in cancer patients is physiotherapy. Nutrition is a balanced source of energy and nutrients necessary for cellular biochemical reactions and protection against damage. General recommendations, regardless of disease stage, include screening and assessment of malnutrition in cancer patients; assessment of their energy needs and intervention in diet and lifestyle