Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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    THE INFLUENCE OF LOCUS OF CONTROL ON THE WAY OF SPENDING FREE TIME

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    Ovo istraživanje ispituje utjecaj lokusa kontrole na preferencije slobodnih aktivnosti kod studenata specijalističkog diplomskog stručnog studija "Preventivna fizioterapija". Cilj je bio utvrditi postoji li značajna povezanost između lokusa kontrole i preferencija za slobodne aktivnosti. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online ankete među 48 studenata. Rezultati su pokazali da studenti s unutarnjim lokusom kontrole preferiraju produktivne aktivnosti usmjerene na osobni razvoj i zdravlje, dok studenti s vanjskim lokusom kontrole češće sudjeluju u aktivnostima koje su manje povezane s ciljevima zdravlja. Najčešće provođene aktivnosti uključuju vrijeme s obitelji i prijateljima, stvaranje i slušanje glazbe te hobije. Aktivnosti poput umjetnosti i obrta te računalnih igara bile su najmanje popularne. Međutim, statistička analiza t-testova za nezavisne uzorke pokazala je da nema statistički značajnih razlika u preferencijama za slobodne aktivnosti između studenata s unutarnjim i vanjskim lokusom kontrole, s obzirom na to da su sve p-vrijednosti bile veće od 0.05. Zaključno, rezultati sugeriraju da lokus kontrole ne igra ključnu ulogu u određivanju preferencija za slobodne aktivnosti među studentima uključenim u ovo istraživanje. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi uključiti veće i raznovrsnije uzorke kako bi se bolje razumjela povezanost između lokusa kontrole i preferencija za slobodne aktivnosti. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pomoći u razvoju programa koji potiču aktivan i zdrav način života među studentima, prilagođen njihovim percepcijama kontrole i osobnim preferencijama.This research examines the influence of the locus of control on the preferences of leisure activities among students of the specialist graduate professional study "Preventive Physiotherapy". The aim was to determine whether there is a significant relationship between locus of control and preferences for leisure activities. The research was conducted through an online survey among 48 students. The results showed that students with an internal locus of control prefer productive activities aimed at personal development and health, while students with an external locus of control more often participate in activities that are less related to health goals. The most frequently spent activities include spending time with family and friends, creating and listening to music, and hobbies. Activities such as arts and crafts and computer games were the least popular. However, statistical analysis of t-tests for independent samples showed that there were no statistically significant differences in preferences for leisure activities between students with internal and external locus of control, given that all p-values were greater than 0.05. In conclusion, the results suggest that locus of control does not play a key role in determining preferences for leisure activities among the students included in this study. Future research should include larger and more diverse samples to better understand the association between locus of control and preferences for leisure activities. The results of this research can help in the development of programs that encourage an active and healthy lifestyle among students, adapted to their perceptions of control and personal preferences

    DIZZINESS PREVENTION

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    Vrtoglavica je snažna iluzija kretanja bolesnika u prostoru ili predmeta u prostoru oko tijela bolesnika, a javlja se kao posljedica poremećaja sustava za percepciju prostora. Vrtoglavica je, nakon glavobolje, najčešći simptom u medicini, a njome se manifestiraju poremećaji u različitim organskim sustavima. Sve je češće obolijevanje mladih, radno sposobnih osoba pa su vrtoglavice javnozdravstveni problem jer smanjuju radnu sposobnost i kvalitetu života vezanu za zdravlje. Vrtoglavice narušavaju kvalitetu života vezanu uz zdravlje te imaju utjecaj na društvene i profesionalne aktivnosti, obiteljski život i dovode do psiholoških, ekonomskih i fizičkih gubitaka. U prevenciji vrtoglavica se kao najvažniji navode pravilna prehrana i tjelesna aktivnost. Modificiranje prehrane te promjena nezdravih navika pomažu u upravljanju stanjem, a tjelesna aktivnost ima pozitivan utjecaj na ravnotežu. Pravilnom prehranom, tjelesnom aktivnošću, promjenom načina životnog stila moguće je prevenirati vrtoglavice i smanjiti njihovu učestalost.Dizziness is a strong illusion of movement either of the patient in space or of objects in space around the patient’s body, and occurs as a result of disturbance in the spatial perception system. Dizziness, after headache, is the most common symptom in medicine, and it manifests disorders in various organ systems. More and more young, working-age individuals are getting sick, making dizziness a public health issue as it reduces work capacity and health-related quality of life. Dizziness impairs health-related quality of life and has an impact on social and professional activities, family life and leads to psychological, economic and physical problems. Proper nutrition and physical activity are cited as the most important factors in preventing dizziness. Modifying diet and changing unhealthy habits help manage the condition, and physical activity has a positive effect on balance. Proper diet, physical activity, lifestyle changes can prevent dizziness and reduce its frequency

    CONTEMPORARY POSSIBILITIES OF APPLYING PHYSICAL FACTORS IN THE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISEASES

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    Reumatske bolesti se uvelike razlikuju po svojoj etiologiji, težini i tijeku bolesti. Međutim, svi oni uzrokuju značajan invaliditet u svakodnevnim aktivnostima i u socioekonomskom kontekstu, uključujući radno mjesto. Također djeluju izrazito devastirajuće na lokomotorni sustav bolesnika, bez obzira o kojoj vrsti tih bolesti govorimo. Bol je značajan izazov za pojedince s reumatskim bolestima, često je intenzivna i uporna, povezana s naknadnim fizičkim invaliditetom, ali primjena holističkog pristupa koji uključuje lijekove, fizikalnu terapiju i edukaciju pacijenata može donijeti značajne prednosti u upravljanju ovim bolnim stanjima. Gubitak funkcije je posljedica reumatskih bolesti, koja može progredirati unatoč postignuću remisije bolesti i to zbog razvoja mišićne slabosti, kontraktura, inaktiviteta, depresije, gubitka samopouzdanja i radne nesposobnosti. Reumatološka rehabilitacija ima trostruku ulogu: liječenje strukturnih oštećenja i disfunkcije (terapijska strategija), kompenzacija nastale nesposobnosti i ograničene participacije (rehabilitacijska strategija) i prevencija novih simptoma i nesposobnosti (preventivna strategija). Fizikalna terapija je indicirana u svim reumatskim bolestima i liječenju kronične nemaligne boli. Primjena fizikalnih čimbenika u terapiji općenito smanjuje bol i poboljšava fizičku i psihičku dobrobit pacijenta. Najčešći modaliteti fizikalne terapije koji se koriste u reumatologiji su termoterapijski (krioterapija, topli oblozi, ultrazvuk, kratki val, infracrvene zrake), elektroterapijski (niskofrekventne izmjenične struje, interferentne struje, magnetoterapija, elektrostimulacije, transkutana električna nervna stimulacija /TENS/ i laser) i balneoterapijski (peloidi, hidroterapija u termomineralnim vodama).Rheumatic diseases differ greatly in their etiology, severity and course of the disease. However, they all cause significant disability in daily activities and in the socioeconomic context, including the workplace. They also have an extremely devastating effect on the patient's locomotor system, regardless of the type of these diseases we are talking about. Pain is a significant challenge for individuals with rheumatic diseases, often intense and persistent, associated with subsequent physical disability, but the use of a holistic approach that includes medication, physical therapy, and patient education can bring significant benefits to the management of these painful conditions. Loss of function is a consequence of rheumatic diseases, which can progress despite the achievement of remission of the disease due to the development of muscle weakness, contractures, inactivity, depression, loss of self-confidence and inability to work. Rheumatology rehabilitation has a three-fold role: treatment of structural damage and dysfunction (therapeutic strategy), compensation of resulting incapacity and limited participation (rehabilitation strategy) and prevention of new symptoms and incapacity (preventive strategy). Physical therapy is indicated in all rheumatic diseases and the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. The use of physical factors in therapy generally reduces pain and improves the physical and psychological well-being of the patient. The most common modalities of physical therapy used in rheumatology are thermotherapy (cryotherapy, warm compresses, ultrasound, short wave, infrared rays), electrotherapy (low-frequency alternating currents, interference currents, magnetotherapy, electrostimulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation /TENS/ and laser) and balneotherapy (peloids, hydrotherapy in thermomineral waters)

    INTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY OF PERSONS WITH A SPINAL INJURY

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    Tema integracije osoba sa spinalnom lezijom obuhvaća medicinske, psihološke, socijalne i pravne aspekte, s posebnim fokusom na ulogu fizioterapije u njihovoj rehabilitaciji i povratku u društvo. Spinalne ozljede, koje mogu biti uzrokovane traumom ili bolešću, rezultiraju oštećenjem leđne moždine i često dovode do trajne nesposobnosti. Fizioterapija ima ključnu ulogu u oporavku, pomažući u poboljšanju mobilnosti, jačanju mišića i prevenciji sekundarnih komplikacija. Osim fizičkog oporavka, osobe sa spinalnom ozljedom suočavaju se s brojnim izazovima u svakodnevnom životu, uključujući pristup obrazovanju, zapošljavanju i društvenim aktivnostima. Pristupačnost javnih prostora, podrška kroz psihološko savjetovanje i edukacija zajednice o pravima i potrebama ovih osoba ključni su čimbenici za njihovu punu integraciju. Uz to, međunarodni i nacionalni zakoni pružaju osnovu za zaštitu prava osoba s invaliditetom. Ovaj rad istražuje različite aspekte rehabilitacije i integracije, naglašavajući važnost multidisciplinarnog pristupa i podrške u procesu postizanja samostalnosti i bolje kvalitete života za osobe sa spinalnom ozljedom.The topic of integrating individuals with spinal cord injury encompasses medical, psychological, social, and legal aspects, with a particular focus on the role of physiotherapy in their rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Spinal cord injuries, which can result from trauma or disease, lead to damage to the spinal cord and often result in permanent disability. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in recovery, helping to improve mobility, strengthen muscles, and prevent secondary complications. In addition to physical recovery, individuals with spinal cord injuries face numerous challenges in daily life, including access to education, employment, and social activities. Accessibility of public spaces, support through psychological counseling, and community education about the rights and needs of these individuals are key factors for their full integration. Furthermore, international and national laws provide a framework for protecting the rights of people with disabilities. This paper explores various aspects of rehabilitation and integration, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and support in achieving independence and a better quality of life for individuals with spinal cord injuries

    WOMEN'S KNOWLEDGE ON OSTOPOROSIS

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    Kosti u ljudskom tijelu pružaju strukturalnu potporu, omogućavajući održavanje oblika tijela i zaštitu vitalnih organa poput mozga, srca i pluća. Također, kosti su ključne za kretanje, jer djeluju kao poluge koje mišići pokreću i sadrže koštanu srž koja proizvodi krvne stanice. Osteoporoza je bolest kostura koju karakterizira niska mineralna gustoća kosti i pogoršanje koštane arhitekture, što dovodi do smanjene čvrstoće kostiju i povećane osjetljivosti na prijelome. Glavna klinička manifestacija su fragilitetni prijelomi, najčešće zahvaćajući kuk, kralježnicu i podlakticu. Osteoporoza može značajno utjecati na tjelesno i mentalno zdravlje, funkcionalne sposobnosti, samopouzdanje i raspoloženje, često uzrokujući strah od pada, izolaciju i bespomoćnost. Budući da prijelomi smanjuju kvalitetu života i povećavaju smrtnost, invaliditet i financijsko opterećenje, važno je prepoznati osobe s visokim rizikom i pružiti im odgovarajuću terapiju. Dijagnosticiranje osteoporoze najčešće se provodi denzitometrijom, neinvazivnom metodom koja mjeri mineralnu gustoću kosti. Rizični čimbenici uključuju stariju dob, spol (češća je kod žena), genetsku predispoziciju, nedostatak kalcija i vitamina D, pušenje, prekomjernu konzumaciju alkohola i sedentarni način života. Menopauza također igra značajnu ulogu, jer pad razine estrogena u žena ubrzava gubitak koštane mase, povećavajući rizik od osteoporoze. Redovita tjelesna aktivnost, posebno vježbe s opterećenjem i otporom, može pomoći u održavanju gustoće kostiju i smanjenju rizika od prijeloma. Liječenje osteoporoze uključuje promjene u načinu života, poput povećanja unosa kalcija i vitamina D, redovite tjelesne aktivnosti, te izbjegavanja pušenja i alkohola. Informiranost o osteoporozi također je ključna, jer mnogi ljudi nisu svjesni rizika i preventivnih mjera koje mogu poduzeti. Edukacija i rano prepoznavanje simptoma mogu značajno doprinijeti smanjenju incidencije i ozbiljnosti ove bolesti.Bones in the human body provide structural support, maintaining body shape and protecting vital organs like the brain, heart, and lungs. Additionally, bones are crucial for movement, acting as levers moved by muscles, and they contain bone marrow that produces blood cells. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone architecture, leading to reduced bone strength and increased fracture susceptibility. The main clinical manifestation is fragility fractures, most commonly affecting the hip, spine, and forearm. Osteoporosis can significantly impact physical and mental health, functional abilities, self-confidence, and mood, often causing fear of falling, isolation, and helplessness. Since fractures reduce the quality of life and increase mortality, disability, and financial burden, it is important to identify high-risk individuals and provide appropriate therapy. Diagnosing osteoporosis is most commonly done through densitometry, a non-invasive method that measures bone mineral density. Risk factors include older age, gender (more common in women), genetic predisposition, lack of calcium and vitamin D, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle. Menopause also plays a significant role, as the decline in estrogen levels in women accelerates bone loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Regular physical activity, especially weight-bearing and resistance exercises, can help maintain bone density and reduce fracture risk. Treatment of osteoporosis includes lifestyle changes, such as increasing calcium and vitamin D intake, regular physical activity, and avoiding smoking and alcohol. Medical therapy may include bisphosphonates, hormones, and other medications that help maintain or increase bone density. Awareness of osteoporosis is also crucial, as many people are unaware of the risks and preventive measures they can take. Education and early recognition of symptoms can significantly contribute to reducing the incidence and severity of this disease

    BASKETBALL FOOT INJURIES

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    Košarkaši su podložni brojnim ozljedama stopala zbog intenzivnih sportskih aktivnosti. Ozljede poput uganuća gležnja, stres fraktura, Ahilove tendinopatije, rupture Ahilove tetive, plantarnog fasciitisa i Lisfrancovih ozljeda značajno utječu na performanse i karijere sportaša. Prevencija ozljeda uključuje implementaciju neuromuskularnih vježbi koje poboljšavaju propriocepciju i fleksibilnost, kao i upotrebu vanjske podrške poput ortoza i specijaliziranih cipela. Za liječenje ozljeda, primjenjuju se konzervativne metode poput odmora, fizikalne terapije i farmakološkog tretmana, dok su operativni zahvati rezervirani za teže slučajeve. Ključna komponenta rehabilitacije uključuje postupni povratak sportskim aktivnostima, uz naglasak na vraćanju funkcionalnosti i minimaliziranju rizika od ponovnih ozljeda. Postignuti rezultati sugeriraju da pravilan pristup prevenciji i liječenju značajno smanjuje učestalost ozljeda i doprinosi bržem i potpunijem povratku sportaša na prethodnu razinu performansi.Basketball players are prone to numerous foot injuries due to intense sports activities. Injuries such as ankle sprains, stress fractures, Achilles tendinopathy, Achilles tendon ruptures, plantar fasciitis, and Lisfranc injuries significantly impact athletes' performance and careers. Injury prevention includes implementing neuromuscular exercises to improve proprioception and flexibility, as well as using external supports such as orthoses and specialized footwear. Treatment of injuries involves conservative methods such as rest, physical therapy, and pharmacological treatment, while surgical interventions are reserved for more severe cases. A key component of rehabilitation includes a gradual return to sports activities, emphasizing the restoration of functionality and minimizing the risk of re-injury. Achieved results suggest that a proper approach to prevention and treatment significantly reduces the frequency of injuries and contributes to a faster and more complete return of athletes to their previous level of performance

    APPLICATION OF HSFI IN FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPERATION USING THE EXAMPLE OF A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

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    Završni rad pod nazivom „Primjena HSFI-a u sastavljanju financijskih izvještaja na primjeru građevinskog poduzeća“ prikazuje teorijski dio o financijskim izvještajima, njihove karakteristike, pravila i svrhe te praktičan prikaz sastavljanja GFI-a. U teorijskom dijelu rada objašnjavaju se temeljna financijska izvješća, a to su bilanca, račun dobiti i gubitka, izvještaj o novčanim tokovima, izvještaj o promjenama kapitala i bilješke uz financijske izvještaje. Kroz primjenu Hrvatskih standarda financijskog izvještavanja (HSFI) prikazan je praktičan dio sastavljanja godišnjih financijskih izvještaja na primjeru stvarnog poduzeća. Prikazom iz knjigovodstvenog programa objašnjene su tipične transakcije unutar poduzeća s obzirom na djelatnost kao što su knjiženje nabave materijala i usluga od dobavljača te fakturiranje odrađenih radova i usluga kupcu. Nadalje, u praktičnom dijelu rada prikazani su predzaključni radovi kao što su kontrola kartica kupaca i dobavljača, obračun amortizacije, zatvaranje računa troškova i prihoda te prikaz izrade bruto bilance. Naposljetku, u radu su prikazani godišnji financijski izvještaji i dodatni dokumenti koje je poduzeće obvezno sastaviti i predati za statističke svrhe i javnu objavu.The final paper entitled “Application of HSFI in Financial Statement Preparation Using the Example of a Construction Company” presents the theoretical overview of financial statements, their characteristics, rules and purposes, as well as a practical presentation of the preparation of the financial statements. The theoretical part of the paper explains the basic financial statements such as the balance sheet, income (profit and loss) statement, cash flow statement, statement of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements. The practical part of compiling annual financial statements is presented on the example of a real company through the application of the Croatian Financial Reporting Standards (HSFI). The accounting software is used to explain typical transactions within the company with regard to the main accounting activities, such as recording the purchase of materials and services from suppliers and invoicing the performed works and services to the customer. Furthermore, in the practical part of the paper, the pre-closing accounting activities are presented, such as control of customer and supplier accounts, depreciation calculation, closing of expense and revenue accounts and presentation of the trial balance. Finally, the paper presents the annual financial statements and additional documents that the company is required to compile and submit for statistical purposes and public disclosure

    THE MOST COMMON STRENGTH TRAINING INJURIES

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    Trening snage popularna je tjelesna aktivnost koja uzrokuje kontrakciju mišića protiv vanjskog otpora, koja se obično izvodi za mišićnu hipertrofiju, snage i izdržljivosti. U proteklom desetljeću bilježi se povećanje od 64,5% osoba koje sudjeluju u nekoj vrsti treninga snage. S porastom broja ljudi koji se uključuju u trening snage, raste i učestalost i rizik od ozljeda pa je, stoga, važno stvoriti opće razumijevanje različitih vrsta treninga snage. Među najpopularnijim disciplinama su olimpijsko dizanje utega, powerlifting, bodybuilding, crossfit, strongman i rekreativno dizanje utega, svaka sa svojim specifičnim ciljevima, pristupima i tehnikama. Problemi s ramenom prijavljeni su kao najčešće ozlijeđeno područje povezano s treningom snage te čini 36% ozljeda. Ozljede lumbalne regije zauzimaju drugo mjesto prema učestalosti ozljeda u treningu snage te čine oko 24% svih ozljeda. One mogu biti akutne traumatske i ozljede uzrokovane prekomjernom upotrebom uslijed ponavljajućih aktivnosti. Približno 10% svih ozljeda u treningu snage čine ozljede koljena te su najčešće ozljede nakon ramena i lumbalne kralježnice. Prijavljene stope ozljeda u različitim vrstama treninga snage kreću se od 0.24 – 6.5 ozljeda na 1000 sati treninga, s najnižom stopom ozljeda u bodybuildingu te najvišom u strongman disciplini.Strength training is a popular physical activity that involves muscle contractions against external resistance, usually performed for muscle hypertrophy, strength, and endurance. Over the past decade, there has been a 64.5% increase in the number of people engaging in some kind of strength training. As the number of people involved in strength training increases, so does the frequency and risk of injury, making it important to develop a general understanding of the different types of strength training. Among the most popular disciplines are Olympic weightlifting, powerlifting, bodybuilding, CrossFit, strongman, and recreational weightlifting, each with its specific goals, approaches, and techniques. Shoulder problems have been reported as the most common injured area associated with strength training, accounting for 36% of injuries. Lumbar region injuries rank second in frequency, making up about 24% of all strength training injuries. These injuries can be acute traumatic or caused by overuse due to repetitive activities. Approximately 10% of all strength training injuries involve the knee, making it the most common injury after the shoulder and lumbar spine. The reported injury rates across different types of strength training from 0.24 to 6.5 injuries per 1,000 hours of training, with bodybuilding having the lowest injury rate and strongman disciplines the highest injury rate

    APPLICATION OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION IN THE REHABILITATION OF SHOULDER GIRDLE INJURIES

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    Rameni obruč se sastoji od četiri ključna zgloba: sternoklavikularnog, akromioklavikularnog, glenohumeralnog i skapulotorakalnog, te važnih mišića kao što su trapezius, romboideus i deltoideus. Rotatorna manžeta, koja uključuje mišiće supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis i teres minor, ključna je za stabilnost i pokretljivost ramena. Ozljede, poput dislokacija i ruptura rotatorne manžete, često uzrokuju bol i ograničavaju kretanje. Proprioceptivna neuromuskularna facilitacija (PNF) se pokazala vrlo učinkovitom u rehabilitaciji ramena, jer poboljšava pokretljivost, funkciju i ubrzava oporavak. Posebne PNF tehnike, kao što je ritmička stabilizacija, osobito su korisne za povećanje opsega pokreta i vraćanje funkcionalnosti ramena. Studije pokazuju da kombinacija PNF-a s klasičnom fizioterapijom može značajno ubrzati proces rehabilitacije. Ova metoda ne samo da smanjuje bol nego i poboljšava protok krvi, što dodatno pomaže oporavku ozlijeđenih mišića i tetiva.The shoulder girdle consists of four key joints: the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic joints, as well as important muscles such as the trapezius, rhomboid, and deltoid. The rotator cuff, which includes the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles, is crucial for shoulder stability and mobility. Injuries, such as dislocations and rotator cuff tears, often cause pain and restrict movement. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) has proven to be highly effective in shoulder rehabilitation, as it improves mobility, function, and accelerates recovery. Specific PNF techniques, such as rhythmic stabilization, are particularly useful for increasing the range of motion and restoring shoulder functionality. Studies show that combining PNF with traditional physical therapy can significantly speed up the rehabilitation process. This method not only reduces pain but also enhances blood flow, which further aids in the recovery of injured muscles and tendons

    CORRECTION OF THE CHANGED POSTURE OF A NEUROLOGICAL PATIENTS DUE TO PROLONGED SITTING

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    Promijenjena postura kod neuroloških bolesnika često je posljedica poremećaja kao što su moždani udar, Parkinsonova bolest i multipla skleroza, koji utječu na mišićni tonus, koordinaciju i ravnotežu. Dugotrajno sjedenje kod neuroloških bolesnika može dovesti do promijenjene posture, što rezultira bolovima, smanjenom pokretljivošću i pogoršanjem općeg stanja. Posturalne promjene ne samo da utječu na misli, emocije i razinu energije, već i psihološka stanja utječu na držanje tijela. Procjena posture i funkcionalnih sposobnosti je ključna u terapijskom pristupu, a fizioterapija i rehabilitacijski programi su neophodni za korekciju posture kod neuroloških pacijenata. Terapijske intervencije uključuju vježbe balansa i ravnoteže, jačanja muskulature i vježbe istezanja, vježbe u vodi, pozicioniranje te korištenje ortoza. Redovito provođenje ovih aktivnosti ključno je za korekciju posture, smanjenje bolova i povećanje fleksibilnosti, čime se poboljšava cjelokupno zdravlje i kvaliteta života. Fizioterapeuti igraju ključnu ulogu u izradi individualiziranih planova terapije koji se prilagođavaju specifičnim potrebama svakog pacijenta.Altered posture in neurological patients is often a result of disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, which affect muscle tone, coordination, and balance. Prolonged sitting in neurological patients can lead to altered posture, resulting in pain, reduced mobility, and worsening of the overall condition. Postural changes not only affect thoughts, emotions, and energy levels, but psychological states also influence body posture. Assessment of posture and functional abilities is crucial in therapeutic approaches, and physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs are essential for correcting posture in neurological patients. Therapeutic interventions include balance and stability exercises, muscle strengthening, stretching exercises, water exercises, positioning, and the use of orthoses. Regular performance of these activities is key to correcting posture, reducing pain, and increasing flexibility, thereby improving overall health and quality of life. Physiotherapists play a critical role in developing individualized therapy plans tailored to the specific needs of each patient

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