Repository of Polytechnic Lavoslav Ružička Vukovar
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THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY ON THE ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textProučavanje demografije predstavlja multidisciplinarni pristup koji se bavi analizom stanovništva, a ključno je za razumijevanje društveno-ekonomskih promjena u svakoj zemlji. Demografski faktori poput nataliteta, mortaliteta, migracija te strukture stanovništva prema dobi i spolu, igraju glavnu ulogu u oblikovanju demografske slike. Ti faktori su usko povezani s gospodarskim čimbenicima poput bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP), stope nezaposlenosti i inflacije, što čini njihovu analizu neodvojivom. Gospodarski razvoj svake zemlje ovisi o njenom stanovništvu, koje je temelj gospodarskog rasta i prosperiteta. Svaka promjena u demografskoj strukturi stanovništva ima utjecaj na gospodarski razvoj, dok gospodarski rast zemlje utječe na demografske trendove. Cilj ovog završnog rada je analizirati utjecaj demografskih čimbenika na gospodarstvo Republike Hrvatske te istražiti koje su demografske politike države poduzete kako bi se unaprijedila demografska slika zemlje. Kroz analizu demografskih i gospodarskih pokazatelja, te kroz teorijski pristup ključnim pojmovima demografije, istražuje se kako različite politike i mjere mogu doprinijeti revitalizaciji demografske slike.The study of demography represents a multidisciplinary approach focusing on population analysis and is crucial for understanding socio-economic changes in every country. Demographic factors such as birth rate, mortality rate, migration, and the population structure by age and gender play a significant role in shaping the demographic landscape. These factors are closely intertwined with economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, and inflation, making their analysis inseparable. The economic development of every country relies on its population, which forms the foundation of economic growth and prosperity. Any change in the demographic structure of the population influences economic development, while the economic growth of the country affects demographic trends. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of demographic factors on the economy of the Republic of Croatia and explore the demographic policies implemented by the state to improve the demographic profile of the country. Through the analysis of demographic and economic indicators, and a theoretical approach to key demographic concepts, the research explores how various policies and measures can contribute to revitalizing the demographic profile
ISSUANCE OF PERMITS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF WEAPONS AND REGISTRATION OF WEAPONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textTokom posljednjih desetljeća se mijenjala i evoluirala regulacija nabave i posjedovanja oružja građana u Republici Hrvatskoj. Zakon o nabavi i posjedovanju oružja propisuje uvjete i postupke koje građani moraju ispuniti kako bi legalno posjedovali oružje. Upravni postupci koji se vode na temelju odredbi Zakona o nabavi i posjedovanju oružja građana ne odstupaju značajno od odredbi Zakona o općem upravnom postupku. Najčešći upravni postupci su izdavanje odobrenja za nabavu oružja i oduzimanje oružja. Zakon o oružju ima širi spektar regulacija vezanih uz oružje, uključujući i aspekte povezane s vojnim oružjem i službenim oružjem, Zakon o nabavi i posjedovanju oružja građana se fokusira na reguliranje posjedovanja i nabave oružja od strane građana. Oba nabrojana zakona su usklađena kako bi osigurala sigurno i odgovorno posjedovanje, nabavu i korištenje oružja u Republici Hrvatskoj.During the last decades, the regulation of the acquisition and possession of weapons by citizens in the Republic of Croatia has changed and evolved. The law on the acquisition and possession of weapons prescribes the conditions and procedures that citizens must fulfill in order to legally possess weapons. Administrative proceedings conducted on the basis of the provisions of the Act on the acquisition and possession of weapons by citizens do not deviate significantly from the provisions of the Act on General Administrative Procedure. The most common administrative procedures are the issuing of authorization for the acquisition of weapons and confiscation of weapons. The Law on Weapons has a wider range of regulations related to weapons, including aspects related to military weapons and official weapons, the Law on Acquisition and Possession of Weapons by Citizens focuses on regulating the possession and acquisition of weapons by citizens. Both listed laws are harmonized to ensure safe and responsible possession, acquisition and use of weapons in the Republic of Croatia
FREQENCY OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYERS
No full textKošarka predstavlja sport koji uključuje radnje kao što su trčanje, ponavljajući skokovi, nagle promjene smjera, ubrzavanja i usporavanja. Sve to može dovesti do povećanog rizika od nastanka ozljeda u ovoj populaciji zbog čega su iznimno bitni preventivni programi. U ovome istraživanju koje je provedeno pomoću Google obrasca sudjelovalo je ukupno 80 ispitanika. Anketni upitnik je bio anoniman, sastojao se od 17 pitanja te su sudionici dobrovoljno sudjelovali. Primarni cilj istraživanja bio je istražiti učestalost i vrste ozljeda donjih ekstremiteta kod profesionalnih košarkaša te identificirati faktore koji su povezani s tim ozljedama. Rezultati sugeriraju da dob, visina, dugotrajnost bavljenja košarkom, vježbe propriocepcije, istezanje i prethodne ozljede imaju zaštitni učinak protiv ozljeda dok tjelesna masa, pozicija igranja i broj treninga tjedno nemaju značajnu povezanost u nastanku ozljeda. Statistička značajnost rezultata potvrđuje važnost navedenih faktora u prevenciji ozljeda donjih ekstremiteta.Basketball is a sport that involves actions such as running, repeated jumps, sudden changes of direction, acceleration and deceleration. All of this can lead to an increased risk of injury in this population, which is why preventive programs are extremely important. A total of 80 respondents participated in this survey, which was conducted using a Google form. The survey questionnaire was anonymous, consisted of 17 questions and the participants took part voluntarily. The primary goal of the study was to investigate the frequency and types of lower extremity injuries in professional basketball players and to identify factors associated with these injuries. The results suggest that age, height, duration of playing basketball, proprioception exercises, stretching and previous injuries have a protective effect against injuries, while body mass, playing position and number of training sessions per week have no significant relationship in the occurrence of injuries. The statistical significance of the results confirms the importance of the mentioned factors in the prevention of lower extremity injuries
COMPETITION AND THE RETAIL ENVIRONMENT
No full textU maloprodajnom dinamičnom i turbulentnom okruženju neki uspijevaju zauzeti vodeće pozicije, dok drugima isto ne polazi za rukom. U današnje vrijeme sve veće tehnološke razvijenosti marketinški se stručnjaci koriste mnogobrojnim alatima koji su im na raspolaganju kako bi uspjeli ostvariti neophodnu konkurentsku prednost u maloprodaji. Poduzeće mora pronaći specifičan odgovor na impulse iz okruženja u kojem se nalazi. Cilj je rada opisati i definirati maloprodaju i konkurentnost te maloprodajno okruženja i alate kojima se menadžeri služe u borbi za ostvarivanjem prevlasti na tržištu. U radu će se analizirati poduzeće Ledo d.o.o. kao primjer uspješnog poduzeća koje vješto ostvaruje konkurentsku prednost na domaćem tržištu. Rad će obuhvaćati općenite informacije o poduzeću, njegovom povijesnom razvoju te na koji način uspješno ostvaruje konkurentsku prednost.In the retail dynamic and turbulent environment, some manage to occupy leading positions, while others fail to do so. In today’s increasing technological development numerous tools at their disposal are used by marketing experts to achieve the necessary competitive advantage in retail. The company must find a specific answer to the pulses from its surroundings. The goal of the paper is to describe and define retail and competitiveness, as well as retail surroundings and tools the managers use in the struggle for market supremacy. The company Ledo Ltd. will be analyzed in the paper as an example of a successful company that skillfully achieves a competitive advantage in the domestic market. The information related to the company and its historical development will be covered in the paper, as well as the way it successfully achieves its competitive advantag
PHYSIOTHERAPY ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR A PATIENT WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
No full textAnkilozantni spondilitis (AS) je kronična upalna bolest koja najviše pogađa kralježnicu i sakroilijakalne zglobove, uzrokujući bol i ukočenost, posebno nakon dužih perioda neaktivnosti. Bolest najčešće počinje u mlađim godinama, između 20. i 40., i češća je kod muškaraca. Progresivna upala može uzrokovati stvaranje koštanih izraslina koje spajaju kralješke, smanjujući fleksibilnost i uzrokujući pogrbljenost. Glavni faktor rizika za razvoj ASa je gen HLA-B27, ali i drugi genetski i okolišni čimbenici igraju ulogu. AS može zahvatiti i druge zglobove te izazvati sistemske simptome poput umora i povišene temperature. Fizioterapijska procjena pacijenata s AS-om ključna je za kreiranje individualiziranog plana terapije. Proces započinje subjektivnom procjenom, gdje se prikupljaju podaci o boli, funkcionalnim sposobnostima i kvaliteti života. Slijedi objektivna procjena koja uključuje procjenu mobilnosti kralježnice, posture, hoda, balansa i opsega pokreta. Standardizirani testovi i upitnici, poput BASFI, BASDAI i BASMI, pomažu u kvantifikaciji simptoma i procjeni utjecaja bolesti na svakodnevni život pacijenta. Ove metode omogućuju fizioterapeutima da precizno identificiraju probleme i razviju učinkovit terapijski plan koji uključuje vježbe za fleksibilnost, snagu, posturalnu korekciju i edukaciju pacijenta.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing pain and stiffness, especially after long periods of inactivity. The disease most often begins at a young age, between 20 and 40, and is more common in men. Progressive inflammation can cause bony growths to form that fuse the bones together, reducing flexibility and causing stooping. The main risk factor for developing AS is the HLA-B27 gene, but other genetic and environmental factors also play a role. AS can also affect other joints and cause systemic symptoms such as fatigue and fever. Physiotherapy assessment of patients with AS is essential for creating an individualized therapy plan. The process begins with a subjective assessment, where data on pain, functional abilities and quality of life are collected. This is followed by an objective assessment that includes assessment of spinal mobility, posture, gait, balance, and range of motion. Standardized tests and questionnaires, such as BASFI, BASDAI and BASMI, help determine symptoms and assess the impact of the disease on the patient's daily life. These methods allow physical therapists to accurately identify problems and develop an effective therapy plan that includes exercises for flexibility, strength, postural correction, and patient education
CAN BEETROOT IMPROVE SPORTS PERFORMANCE? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EVIDENCE FROM THE LITERATURE
No full textKao bogat i hranjiv izvor, cikla je prepoznata po zdravstvenim koristima, antioksidativnim i protuupalnim učincima, antikancerogenim i antidiabetičkim aktivnostima. Cikla sadrži razne biološki aktivne fitokemikalije, uključujući betalain (kao što su betacijanini i betaksantini), flavonoide, polifenole, saponine i anorganski nitrat (NO3). Također je bogata mineralima kao što su kalij, natrij, fosfor, kalcij, magnezij, bakar, željezo, cink i mangan. Cikla (Beta vulgaris) je postala popularna kao dodatak prehrani zbog potencijalnog utjecaja na sportsku izvedbu. Istraživanja pokazuju da je cikla bogata nitratima, koji se u tijelu pretvaraju u dušikov oksid, molekulu koja poboljšava protok krvi, smanjuje krvni tlak, i povećava učinkovitost mišića. To može rezultirati poboljšanjem izdržljivosti i smanjenjem osjećaja umora tijekom tjelesne aktivnosti. Međutim, rezultati istraživanja nisu uvijek konzistentni, a učinci mogu varirati ovisno o individualnim karakteristikama sportaša, vrsti i intenzitetu vježbanja te dozi cikle koja se konzumira. Iako postoje dokazi koji podržavaju upotrebu cikle za poboljšanje sportske izvedbe, potrebna su dodatna istraživanja kako bi se bolje razumjeli mehanizmi djelovanja i optimalni uvjeti za njezinu učinkovitost. U ovom radu prikazani su dokazi iz literature o potencijalima cikle u suplementaciji sportaša.As a rich and nutritious source, beetroot is recognized for its health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. Beetroot contains various biologically active phytochemicals, including betalains (such as betacyanins and betaxanthins), flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and inorganic nitrate (NO3). It is also rich in minerals such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and manganese. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) has gained popularity as a dietary supplement due to its potential impact on athletic performance. Research shows that beetroot is rich in nitrates, which are converted in the body into nitric oxide, a molecule that improves blood flow, lowers blood pressure, and increases muscle efficiency. This can result in improved endurance and reduced feelings of fatigue during physical activity. However, research findings are not always consistent, and the effects may vary depending on individual athlete characteristics, the type and intensity of exercise, and the dose of beetroot consumed. While there is evidence supporting the use of beetroot to enhance athletic performance, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action and optimal conditions for its effectiveness
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN CREATIVE INUSTRIES
No full textDigitalizacija poslovnih procesa je u posljednjih nekoliko godina postala glavna tema u svijetu poslovanja. U modernom svijetu poduzetništva brzina, kvaliteta i efikasnost su primaran cilj koji svako poduzeće mora dostići. Danas su na raspolaganju stotine alata i tehnologija koje mogu unaprijediti svaki aspekt poslovanja, a ponajviše prodaju koja je i glavni pokretač poduzeća. Pojavom interneta i početkom digitalne globalizacije uvjeti na tržištu se mijenjaju velikom brzinom. Dok je mali obrtnik prije 15-ak godina mogao svoje rukotvorine prodavati samo lokalno ili na sajmu publici od nekoliko stotina ljudi, sada ima na raspolaganju pronaći kupca i poslati proizvod u Portugal ili Kanadu. Digitalizacija i digitalne tehnologije danas oblikuju i transformiraju način na koji ljudi, poduzeća i društva djeluju na globalnoj razini. Ključne riječi:Digitalization of business processes has become a main topic in the business world in recent years. In the modern world of entrepreneurship, speed, quality, and efficiency are the primary goals that every company must achieve. Today, there are hundreds of tools and technologies available that can improve every aspect of business, especially sales, which is the main driving force of a company. With the advent of the internet and the onset of digital globalization, market conditions are changing rapidly. While a small craftsman 15 years ago could only sell their handmade products locally or at a fair to an audience of a few hundred people, they now have the opportunity to find customers and ship products to places like Portugal or Canada. Digitalization and digital technologies today shape and transform the way individuals, companies, and societies operate on a global scale
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTION IN KYPHOSIS
No full textAbnormalno povećanje kifoze torakalnog dijela kralježnice rezultira različitim zdravstvenim problemima uključujući smanjenu pokretljivost, bol, poteškoće s disanjem i povećan rizik od padova i prijeloma. Kod velikog broja populacije nakon 40-te godine života, prirodno se razvija hiperkifoza kao normalan obrazac posture. Uzroci kod mlađe populacije nisu potpuno razriješeni, ne zna se koji prednjači, a najčešće se radi o traumama, razvojnim anomalijama, degenerativnim bolestima diska i jatrogenim čimbenicima. Liječenje započinje konzervativnim pristupom koji uključuje fizioterapiju kao primarni oblik. Cilj je metodama poput mobilizacije, vježbanja, tapinga i korištenja ortoza poboljšati posturalno poravnanje i povećati pokretljivost torakalne kralježnice. U konačnici, fizioterapijska intervencija nudi učinkovite metode za poboljšanje funkcionalnih sposobnosti i smanjenje negativnih učinaka hiperkifoze. Prevencija razvoja deformacije, posebno kod mlađe populacije, se postiže edukacijom o pravilnom držanju tijela.An abnormal increase in kyphosis of the thoracic spine results in a variety of health problems including reduced mobility, pain, difficulty breathing and an increased risk of falls and fractures. In a large amount of the population above the age of 40, hyperkyphosis naturally develops as a normal pattern of posture. The causes in younger population aren't completely resolved, the leading one is unknown and the most common are traumas, developmental anomalies, degenerative disc diseases and iatrogenic factors. Treatment begins with a conservative approach that includes physiotherapy as the primary method. The goal is to improve postural alignment and increase mobility of the thoracic spine through methods such as mobilization, exercise, taping and the use of orthosis. Ultimately, physiotherapy intervention offers effective methods to improve functional abilities and reduce the negative effects of hyperkyphosis. Prevention of deformities, especially in the younger population, is achieved through education on proper body posture
COMPARISON OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROPPRIOCEPTION AND PLYOMETRICS ON THE PREVENTION OF LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM INJURIES
No full textPrevencija ozljeda glavni je fokus u atletskom treningu, gdje proprioceptivni i pliometrijski trening igraju ključnu ulogu. Propriocepcija, sposobnost tijela da osjeti svoj položaj i pokrete, ključna je za održavanje ravnoteže i stabilnosti zglobova. Proprioceptivni trening poboljšava neuromuskularnu koordinaciju, čime se smanjuje rizik od ozljeda povezanih s proprioceptivnim nedostacima, kao što su uganuća gležnja i ozljede koljena. Suprotno tome, pliometrijski trening uključuje eksplozivne pokrete osmišljene za povećanje snage, brzine i neuromišićne učinkovitosti. Pliometrija povećava otpornost mišića i tetiva, poboljšava dinamičku stabilnost i doprinosi prevenciji ozljeda jačanjem neuromuskularnog sustava. Ova komparativna analiza istražuje različite i preklapajuće učinke proprioceptivnog i pliometrijskog treninga na prevenciju ozljeda pregledavajući postojeća istraživanja za procjenu učinkovitosti oba modaliteta treninga, ističući njihove pojedinačne i kombinirane doprinose smanjenju rizika od ozljeda i poboljšanju sportske izvedbe. Rezultati naglašavaju da svaka vrsta treninga nudi jedinstvene prednosti, no integracija proprioceptivnih i pliometrijskih vježbi u atletske programe treninga pruža sveobuhvatan pristup prevenciji ozljeda, optimizirajući i stabilnost i dinamičku snagu. Ova integrirana strategija neophodna je za sportaše, trenere i zdravstvene djelatnike koji imaju cilj osmisliti učinkovite programe prevencije ozljeda.Injury prevention is a main focus in athletic training, where proprioceptive and plyometric training play a key role. Proprioception, the body's ability to sense its position and movements, is key to maintaining balance and joint stability. Proprioceptive training improves neuromuscular coordination, thereby reducing the risk of injuries associated with proprioceptive deficiencies, such as ankle sprains and knee injuries. In contrast, plyometric training involves explosive movements designed to increase strength, speed, and neuromuscular efficiency. Plyometrics increases the resistance of muscles and tendons, improves dynamic stability and contributes to the prevention of injuries by strengthening the neuromuscular system. This comparative analysis explores the distinct and overlapping effects of proprioceptive and plyometric training on injury prevention by reviewing existing research to assess the effectiveness of both training modalities, highlighting their individual and combined contributions to injury risk reduction and athletic performance improvement. The results highlight that each type of training offers unique benefits, but the integration of proprioceptive and plyometric exercises into athletic training programs provides a comprehensive approach to injury prevention, optimizing both stability and dynamic strength. This integrated strategy is essential for athletes, coaches and health professionals aiming to design effective injury prevention programs
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
No full textAkutni infarkt miokarda je jedan od najčešćih uzroka smrti u svijetu. Uzrokovan je smanjenim dotokom krvi u dio srca ili prekidom dotoka krvi u dio srca, što dovodi do nekroze srčanog mišića. Klasični simptom je bol ili pritisak u prsima i često se prenosi do ramena, kralježnice, čeljusti i onda niz lijevu ili desnu ruku. Postoje razni čimbenici rizika za nastanak bolesti, na neke se može djelovati dok su drugi ne promjenjivi. Rana dijagnoza je ključna za što manji rizik od smrti pacijenta. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju akutne boli u prsima uz prisutnost tipičnih promjena na elektrokardiogramu. Akutni infarkt miokarda se razlikuje na infarkt miokarda sa elevacijom ST segmenta i bez elevacije ST segmenta. Nakon što se dijagnosticirao akutni infarkt miokarda i interveniralo se na vrijeme slijedi najvažniji i najdugoročniji dio za pacijenta, a to je kardiološka rehabilitacija. Ona se dijeli na tri faze; prva ili rana faza, druga ili konvalescentna i treća ili kasna faza. Cilj kardiološke rehabilitacije je smanjenje morbiditeta, mortaliteta te poboljšanje preživljavanja, smanjenje postoperativnih komplikacija i smanjenje trajanja hospitalizacije. Fizioterapija je glavna komponenta sveobuhvatne kardiološke rehabilitacije. Fizioterapijska procjena je temeljena na SOAP metodi. Analizom medicinske dokumentacije, uzimanje fizioterapijske anamneze, tjelesne procjene stanja pacijenta te testova i mjerenja. Bitne komponente nakon akutnog infarkta miokarda su vježbe i tjelesna aktivnost. Fizioterapijske intervencije koje se provode su: mobilizacije gornjih i donjih ekstremiteta, respiracijski trening, vježbe disanja, vježbe relaksacije, vertikalizacija pacijenta uz vježbe hoda i ravnoteže, aerobni trening, dinamičke vježbe, intervalni trening te brojne druge.Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common causes of death in the world. It is caused by reduced blood flow to a part of the heart or interruption of blood flow to a part of the heart, which leads to necrosis of the heart muscle. The classic symptom is pain or pressure in the chest and often radiates to the shoulder, spine, jaw and then down the left or right arm. There are various risk factors for the onset of the disease, some of which can be acted upon while others are not changeable. Early diagnosis is essential to minimize the risk of the patient's death. The diagnosis is made on the basis of acute chest pain with the presence of typical changes on the electrocardiogram. Acute myocardial infarction is divided into myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation and without ST segment elevation. After an acute myocardial infarction has been diagnosed and an intervention has been made in time, the most important and long-term part for the patient follows, which is cardiac rehabilitation. It is divided into three phases; first or early stage, second or convalescent and third or late stage. The goal of cardiac rehabilitation is to reduce morbidity, mortality and improve survival, reduce postoperative complications and reduce the length of hospitalization. Physiotherapy is the main component of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation. Physiotherapy assessment is based on the SOAP method. , by analyzing medical documentation, taking a physiotherapy history, physical assessment of the patient's condition, and tests and measurements. Essential components after an acute myocardial infarction are exercises and physical activity. Physiotherapy interventions that are carried out are: mobilization of the upper and lower extremities, respiratory training, breathing exercises, relaxation exercises, verticalization of the patient with walking and balance exercises, aerobic training, dynamic exercises, interval training and many others