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Feedback and Physical Exercise: The Role of Self-Talk and Breathing Exercise
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati doprinos pozitivne i negativne povratne informacije, samogovora i tehnika disanja učinkovitosti izvedbe čučnja uza zid. U istraživanju, koje je provedeno u Laboratoriju za psihologijska istraživanja Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta u periodu od tri tjedna, sudjelovale su 82 studentice (M = 21,4; SD = 1,9) Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta, s različitih studija. U istraživanju je korišten Upitnik sociodemografskih podataka i sportskog statusa konstruiran za potrebe diplomskog rada. Tjelovježba je operacionalizirana kao vježba čučanj uza zid, pri čemu sudionik zauzima položaj čučnja s leđima naslonjenim na zid pod kutom od približno 90° u koljenima, a vrijeme zadržavanja u tom položaju mjeri se štopericom u sekundama. U istraživanju su bile dvije eksperimentalne skupine te kontrolna skupina. Sve tri skupine primile su pozitivnu ili negativnu povratnu informaciju. Rezultati trosmjerne analize varijance pokazali su statistički značajnu interakciju izvedbe i povratne informacije koja, uz analizu jednostavnih učinaka, upućuje na lošiju izvedbu sudionika nakon pozitivne povratne informaciju te bolju izvedbu sudionika nakon negativne povratne informacije. Nadalje, rezultati testiranja jednostavnih učinaka u skupini koja je koristila samogovor pokazuju da su sudionici koji su primili pozitivnu povratnu informaciju ostvarili jednaku izvedbu u obje točke mjerenja. Nasuprot tome, sudionici koji su koristili samogovor i primili negativnu povratnu informaciju pokazali su granično značajno poboljšanje u drugom mjerenju, odnosno nakon primanja negativne povratne informacije. Posljednje, rezultati ukazuju na lošiju izvedbu sudionika s pozitivnom povratnom informacijom uz tehnike disanja, te poboljšanje kod onih koji su uz iste tehnike primili negativnu povratnu informaciju.The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of positive and negative feedback, self-talk, and breathing techniques to the performance efficiency of the wall sit exercise. The study was conducted over a three-week period in the Laboratory for Psychological Research at the Catholic University of Croatia, with participation from 82 female students (M = 21,4, SD = 1,9) from various study programs at the same university. A Sociodemographic and Sports Status Questionnaire, constructed specifically for the purposes of this thesis, was used in the study. Exercise was operationalized as a wall sit, in which the participant assumes a squat position with their back against the wall and knees bent at approximately a 90-degree angle. The duration of holding this position is measured with a stopwatch in seconds. The participants were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Each of the three groups received either positive or negative feedback. The results of the three-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant interaction between performance and feedback. Further analysis of simple effects indicated poorer performance among participants after receiving positive feedback, and better performance after receiving negative feedback. Additionally, the results of the simple effects analysis within the group that used self-talk revealed that participants who received positive feedback demonstrated the same level of performance across both measurement points. In contrast, participants who used self-talk and received negative feedback showed a marginally significant improvement in performance at the second measurement point, that is, after receiving negative feedback. Finally, the results indicated poorer performance among participants who used breathing techniques in combination with positive feedback, and improved performance among those who used the same techniques but received negative feedback
Effectiveness of Corneal Cross-linking on Stabilization of Corneal Keratometric Values in Keratoconus: a Retrospective Study
No full textUvod: Keratokonus je progresivna, obostrana, degenerativna bolest rožnice karakterizirana stanjivanjem i stožastim izbočenjem rožnice, što uzrokuje nepravilni astigmatizam i značajno pogoršanje vidne oštrine. Najčešće bolesti počinje u pubertetu, s progresijom u adolescentnoj i ranoj odrasloj dobi. Upravo zahvaćanje ove populacije na vrhuncu obrazovanja i radne sposobnosti, čini keratokonus značajnim socioekonomskim problemom. Rožnični „cross-linking“ predstavlja revolucionarnu terapijsku metodu, jedinu koja može aktivno zaustaviti ili usporiti progresiju bolesti umrežavanjem kolagenih vlakana u stromi rožnice.
Cilj: Utvrditi učinkovitost "cross-linkinga" rožnice u stabilizaciji progresije keratometrijskih vrijednosti kod bolesnika s keratokonusom.
Metode: Provedeno je retrospektivno opservacijsko istraživanje na Klinici za očne bolesti KB "Sveti Duh" u Zagrebu od 2020. do 2023. godine. Uključeno je 110 očiju bolesnika s dijagnozom keratokonusa kojima je učinjen "cross-linking" rožnice prema standardnom Dresdenskom protokolu. Prikupljeni su podatci o dobi, spolu, vremenu zahvata te keratometrijskim vrijednostima (Kmax, Km, K2) na Pentacam uređaju, prije i godinu dana nakon zahvata. Za statističku analizu korišten je Wilcoxonov test rangova za zavisne uzorke i Mann-Whitney U test.
Rezultati: Analizirano je 110 očiju od 110 bolesnika, prosječne dobi od 26,2 godine. Muškarci su činili 77,27 % uzorka, a 46,35 % ispitanika bilo je mlađe od 25 godina. Statistički značajno smanjenje Kmax zabilježeno je nakon „cross-linkinga, s Hodges-Lehmannovom procjenom razlike od -0,600 D. Kod parametara K2 i Km nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. Stabilizacija keratometrijskih vrijednosti postignuta je u 91,82 % slučajeva, dok je 8,18 % došlo do progresije unatoč zahvatu.
Zaključak: „Cross-linking“ rožnice pokazao se kao učinkovita metoda u stabilizaciji keratometrijskih vrijednosti kod keratokonusa, posebno kod očiju s početnim Kmax >50 D, gdje je zabilježen najveći pad zakrivljenosti. Rezultati potvrđuju CXL kao zlatni standard u liječenju progresivnog keratokonusa, uz potrebu individualiziranog pristupa i kontinuiranog praćenja.Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive, bilateral, degenerative corneal disease characterized by thinning and conical protrusion of the cornea, causing irregular astigmatism and significant deterioration of visual acuity. The disease most often begins in puberty, with progression in adolescence and early adulthood. Involvement of this population at the peak of education and working capacity makes keratoconus a significant socioeconomic problem. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) represents a revolutionary therapeutic method, the only one that can actively stop or slow down the progression of the disease by cross-linking collagen fibers in the corneal stroma.
Aim: To determine the effectiveness of corneal cross-linking in stabilizing the progression of keratometric values in patients with keratoconus.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital in Zagreb from 2020 to 2023. The study included 110 eyes of patients diagnosed with keratoconus who underwent corneal cross-linking according to the standard Dresden protocol. Data on age, gender, time of procedure, and Pentacam keratometric values (Kmax, Km, K2) before and one year after the procedure were collected. Wilcoxon signed-rank test for dependent samples and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 110 eyes from 110 patients, with a mean age of 26.2 years, were analyzed. Men made up 77.27% of the sample, and 46.35% of the subjects were younger than 25 years. A statistically significant decrease in Kmax was noted after cross-linking, with a Hodges-Lehmann estimate of the difference of -0.600 D. No statistically significant difference was found for the K2 and Km parameters. Keratometric stabilization was achieved in 91.82% of cases, while 8.18% progressed despite the procedure.
Conclusion: Corneal cross-linking has proven to be an effective method in stabilizing keratometric values in keratoconus, especially in patients with initial Kmax >50 D, where the greatest decrease in curvature was recorded. The results confirm CXL as the gold standard in the treatment of progressive keratoconus, with the need for an individualized approach and continuous monitoring
What do Croatian Firefighters Think About Seeking and the Accessibility of Psychological Support and Group Work Cohesion
No full textRazličiti fiziološki/fizički i psihološki stresori kod nekih vatrogasaca dovode do
narušenog fizičkog, ali i mentalnog zdravlja, a stigma prema traženju psihološke podrške još
uvijek je prisutna. Brojni su prediktori mentalnog zdravlja vatrogasaca, ali kao jedan od
najvažnijih zaštitnih čimbenika kroz literaturu ističe se grupna kohezija na radnom mjestu.
Cilj ovog istraživanja, kombinirajući kvantitativnu i kvalitativnu metodologiju, bio je
procijeniti mentalno zdravlje hrvatskih profesionalnih vatrogasaca i stresnost posla te dobiti
uvide u to što misle o traženju i dostupnosti psihološke pomoći te važnosti grupne kohezije.
U prvom dijelu istraživanja korištene su skale DASS i SOOS-14 te je sudjelovalo 107
sudionika, dok je u drugom dijelu istraživanja provedeno 8 fokus grupa unutar pet
profesionalnih vatrogasnih postrojbi. Rezultati kvantitativnih metoda ukazuju na nižu
prevalenciju depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa u odnosu na opću populaciju te na umjerene
razine stresa na radnom mjestu. Četvrtina sudionika izjasnila se o narušenom
fizičkom/mentalnom zdravlju kao posljedici posla, ali samo je polovina njih
zatražila/primila psihološku pomoć. Izdvojeno je pet stresora koji najviše pogađaju hrvatske
vatrogasce. Kvalitativnim metodama izdvojene su tri glavne teme: stres u vatrogasnom
poslu, stavovi o traženju psihološke podrške i grupna kohezija na radnom mjestu. Sudionici
prepoznaju važnost psihološke podrške, ali ističu prisutnost stigme te neke nedostatke
trenutnog ustroja pružanja psihološke podrške vatrogascima u Hrvatskoj. Donose prijedloge
za poboljšanje istog – uvođenje obavezne psihološke podrške za sve vatrogasce nekoliko
puta godišnje te nakon težih intervencija i organizaciju psihoedukativnih radionica. Grupnu
koheziju prepoznaju kao jedan od najvažnijih čimbenika u očuvanju mentalnog zdravlja i
efikasnosti rada postrojbe te su njome uglavnom zadovoljni.Various physiological/physical and psychological stressors in some firefighters lead
to impaired physical and mental health, and the stigma against seeking psychological
support is still present. There are numerous predictors of the mental health of firefighters,
but group work cohesion stands out as one of the most important protective factors in the
literature. The goal of this research, by combining quantitative and qualitative methodology,
was to assess the mental health of Croatian professional firefighters and the stressfulness of
the job, and to gain insights into what they think about seeking and availability of
psychological help and the importance of group work cohesion. In the first part of the
research, the DASS and SOOS-14 scales were used, 107 participants took part, while in the
second part of the research, 8 focus groups were conducted within five professional fire
departments. The results of quantitative methods indicate a lower prevalence of depression,
anxiety and stress compared to the general population and moderate levels of occupational
stress. A quarter of the participants reported impaired physical/mental health as a result of
work demands, but only half of them requested/received psychological help. Five stressors
that affect Croatian firefighters the most have been singled out. Qualitative methods were
used to identify three main topics: occupational stress in firefighting, attitudes about seeking
psychological support and group work cohesion. The participants recognized the importance
of psychological support, but emphasized the stigma towards seeking it is still present and
pointed out some shortcomings of the current system of providing psychological support to
firefighters in Croatia. They made proposals for its’ improvement - the introduction of
mandatory psychological support for all firefighters several times a year and after difficult
interventions, and the organization of psychoeducational workshops. Work group cohesion
was recognised as one of the most important factors in preserving the mental health and
efficiency of the unit's work and they were mostly satisfied with it
Proactive Personality and Job Crafting: The Role of Organizational Identification and Leadership Position
No full textSamooblikovanje posla odnosi se na promjene koje zaposlenici sami iniciraju kako bi uskladili resurse i zahtjeve posla s vlastitim potrebama i sposobnostima. Važnu ulogu u samooblikovanju posla imaju proaktivna ličnost i karakteristike posla. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost proaktivne ličnosti i dimenzija samooblikovanja posla te ulogu organizacijske identifikacije i rukovodeće pozicije kao moderatora u tom odnosu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 225 hrvatski zaposlenih, punoljetnih građana u dobi od 20 do 64 godina. Sudionici su online putem ispunili upitnik koji se sastojao od Skale samooblikovanja posla, Skale proaktivne ličnosti, Skale organizacijske identifikacije, pitanje o rukovodećoje poziciji i upitnik općih podataka. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su značajno umjereno visoku pozitivnu povezanost proaktivne ličnosti s povećanjem strukturalnih resursa posla i povećanjem izazovnih zahtjeva posla. Pronađena je značajna laka pozitivna povezanost proaktivne ličnosti s optimizacijskim zahtjevima posla, te značajna vrlo niska povezanost s povećanjem socijalnih resursa, dok povezanost sa smanjenjem ometajućih zahtjeva posla nije pronađena. Organizacijska identifikacija i rukovodeća pozicija nisu se pokazali značajnim moderatorima u odnosima između proaktivne ličnosti i nijedne od dimenzija samooblikovanja posla (povećanje strukturalnih resursa posla, smanjenje ometajućih zahtjeva posla, povećanje socijalnih resursa posla, povećanje izazovnih zahtjeva posla, povećanje optimizacijskih zahtjeva posla). Istraživanje ukazuje na značajnost ispitivanih konstrukata i otvora mogućnosti za daljnja istraživanja.Job crafting refers to the changes employees initiate on their own to align the rosources and demands of their job with their personal needs and abilities. Proactive personality and job characteristics play a significant role in job crafting. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between proactive personality and job crafting dimensions, as well as the role of organizational identification and leadership position as moderators in this relationship. The study included 225 employed adults from Croatia, aged between 20 and 64 years. Participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of the Job Crafting Scale, Proactive Personality Scale, Organizational Identification Scale, a leadership position question, and a general information questionnaire. The results indicated a significant moderate-to-high positive correlation between proactive personality and increasing structural job resources, as well as increasing challenging job demands. A significant low positive correlation was found between proactive personality and optimizing job demands, a significant very low correlation with the increase in social reources, while no corrleation was found withe the decrease in hindering job demands. Organizational identification and leadership position did not prove to be significant moderators in the relationships between proactive personality and any dimensions of job crafting (increasing structural job resources, reducing hindering job demands, increasing social job resources, increasing challenging job demands, and optimizing job demands). The study highlights the importance of the constructs examined and opens up opportunities for further research
Homo mathusala: aging and dying in the age of nonageing and immortality? Sociological and ethical evaluation of transhumanist documents
No full textTranshumanizam se kao intelektualni i kulturni pokret zalaže za radikalno poboljšanje psihofizičkih, bioloških, tjelesnih i genetskih sposobnosti ljudske vrste, primjenjujući različite biotransformativne tehnologije. Krajnji cilj takvoga radikalnoga usavršavanja jest stvaranje nove postljudske vrste koja je u svakome pogledu superiornija trenutnome čovjeku. Na tomu tragu, glavni imperativ trashumanizma jest potpuno ukinuti starenje i umiranje, učinivši buduće postljude dugovječnima ili besmrtnima. Sami fenomeni starost ili starenje i smrt ili umiranje općenito se shvaćaju kao naravne datosti koje se ne mogu potpuno ukloniti, no transhumanizam radikalno redefinira spomenute procese shvaćajući ih kao oboljenja koja se mogu tehnološki tretirati i suzbiti.
Provedbom metode analize sadržaja u metodološkome dijelu rada, iz odabranih jedinica izvučeni su različiti citati, sintakse i ključne riječi koje su kasnije oblikovane u kodove koji objašnjavaju starenje i umiranje kao neželjene procese tjelesne degradacije čovjeka (čineći ga oslabljenim, nemoćnim i umirućim). Sredstva kojima se isti nastoje suzbiti jesu biotransformativne tehnologije u različitim oblicima: poput krionike (kao postupak zamrzavanja tijela umrlih ljudi nastojeći ih konzervirati za buduće oživljavanje); genetske terapije i nanotehnologije kao tehnologijama pomoću kojih se pospješuje biološka transformacija u trans/postčovjeka; putem kibernetizacije (stvarajući kiborge kao hibride biološkoga tijela i tehnologije) ili stvaranjem virtualnih oblika postživota (kao što su upload i superinteligencija). To pretpostavlja da će i postljudska okolina biti multidimenzionalna: fizička, virtualna i istovremeno oboje. Pojedini kodovi objašnjavaju kako se transhumanistički svjetonazor vodi načelom sekularizma (zastupajući blagostanje i boljitak u sadašnjemu fizičkome/neduhovnome svijetu), materijalističkoga evolucionizma (kontinuirani razvoj iz čovjeka preko tranzicijskoga čovjeka u postčovjeka) te samotransformacije (genetski i biotehnološki; stvarajući novoga postčovjeka prema želji).
Budući transhumanizam radikalno redefinira starost i smrt kao moguće prevladive kategorije u budućnosti, potrebno je preispitivati i vrjednovati navedene težnje: uvidjeti koliko su realne, kakve su etičke i općedruštvene posljedice procesa transhumanizacije i u kojim fragmentima je sâm transhumanizam problematičan.Transhumanism – as an intellectual and cultural movement – advocates for the radical improvement of the psychophysical, biological, physical and genetic abilities of the human species, applying various biotransformative technologies. The ultimate goal of such radical improvement is the creation of a new posthuman species that is superior to the current human in every respect. Along these lines, the main imperative of trashumanism is to completely abolish aging and dying, making future posthumans long-lived or immortal. The phenomena of old age or aging and death or dying are generally understood as natural facts that cannot be completely removed, but transhumanism radically redefines the mentioned processes, understanding them as diseases that can be technologically treated and suppressed.
By implementing the content analysis method in the methodological part of the paper, various quotes, syntaxes and keywords were extracted from the selected units, which were later formed into codes that explain aging and dying as unwanted processes of physical degradation of a person (making him weak, powerless and dying). The means by which they are tried to be suppressed are biotransformative technologies in various forms: such as cryonics (as a process of freezing the bodies of deceased people in an attempt to preserve them for future resuscitation); genetic therapy and nanotechnology as technologies that facilitate biological transformation into a trans/posthuman; through cybernetization (creating cyborgs as hybrids of the biological body and technology) or by creating virtual forms of postlife (such as upload and superintelligence). This assumes that the posthuman environment will also be multidimensional: physical, virtual and both at the same time. Some codes explain how the transhumanist worldview is guided by the principles of secularism (advocating well-being and prosperity in the current physical/non-spiritual world), materialistic evolutionism (continuous development from human through transitional human to posthuman), and self-transformation (genetic and biotechnological; creating a new posthuman according to desire).
Since transhumanism radically redefines old age and death as potentially dominant categories in the future, it is necessary to reexamine and evaluate the aforementioned aspirations: to see how realistic they are, what the ethical and general social consequences of the transhumanization process are, and in which fragments transhumanism itself is problematic
The Success of the Resuscitation of the Outpatient Emergency Service of the City of Zagreb for the Period from 2020 to 2024: a Retrospective Study
No full textUvod: Izvanbolnički srčani zastoj jedan je od vodećih uzroka smrti u svijetu. Pravodobna reanimacija i učinkovit odgovor hitnih službi ključni su čimbenici preživljenja. Grad Zagreb, s razvijenom infrastrukturom hitne medicinske pomoći, pruža značajan okvir za analizu učinkovitosti reanimacijskih postupaka u izvanbolničkim uvjetima.
Cilj: Utvrditi uspješnost reanimacije izvanbolničke hitne službe Grada Zagreba u razdoblju od 2020. do 2024. godine, s posebnim naglaskom na prisutnost laičkog oživljavanja i povezanost spola s ishodom reanimacije.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni svi pacijenti (N=1526) kojima je pružena reanimacija na području Grada Zagreba. Podaci su retrospektivno prikupljeni iz baze Nastavnog zavoda za hitnu medicinu Grada Zagreba. Analizirane su varijable: spol, dob, uzrok aresta, prisutnost laičkog oživljavanja i ishod reanimacije (ROSC). Statistička obrada provedena je z-testom za proporcije i deskriptivnim metodama.
Rezultati: Uspješnost reanimacije u promatranom razdoblju iznosila je 26,94% (411/1526). Većina uspješnih reanimacija zabilježena je kod muških pacijenata (282/411; 68,6%). Uspješnost je bila značajno veća kod pacijenata kod kojih je reanimaciju započeo laik (28,59% vs. 11,92%; z = 7,98; p < 0,00001).
Zaključak: Na temelju provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da je uspješnost izvanbolničke reanimacije u Gradu Zagrebu zadovoljavajuća te da raste tijekom godina. Posebno značajnu ulogu u ishodu ima pravovremena laička intervencija, dok na ishod ne utječe značajno spol pacijenta. Rezultati rada potvrđuju potrebu za kontinuiranim praćenjem pokazatelja kvalitete, edukacijom stanovništva o osnovnim mjerama održavanja života te unaprjeđenjem sustava dokumentiranja i bilježenja kliničkih podataka.Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Timely resuscitation and an efficient emergency response system are key factors in survival. The City of Zagreb, with a well-developed emergency medical infrastructure, provides a valuable framework for evaluating the effectiveness of out-of-hospital resuscitation.
Aim: To assess the success of out-of-hospital resuscitation efforts by the City of Zagreb Emergency Medical Service from 2020 to 2024, with special attention to the role of bystander CPR and the influence of patient sex on outcome.
Subjects and Methods: The study included all patients (N=1526) who underwent resuscitation in the City of Zagreb. Data were retrospectively collected from the database of the Teaching Institute for Emergency Medicine. The analyzed variables included: gender, age, cause of cardiac arrest, presence of bystander CPR, and resuscitation outcome (ROSC). Statistical analysis was performed using the z-test for proportions and descriptive methods.
Results: The overall resuscitation success rate during the observed period was 26.94% (411/1526). Most successful resuscitations occurred in male patients (282/411; 68.6%). Furthermore, success was significantly higher among patients who received bystander CPR (28.59% vs. 11.92%; z = 7.98; p < 0.00001).
Conclusion: Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the success rate of out-of-hospital resuscitation in the City of Zagreb is satisfactory and has been increasing over the years. Timely lay intervention plays a particularly significant role in the outcome, while the patient's gender does not significantly affect the outcome. The results of the study confirm the need for continuous monitoring of quality indicators, education of the population on basic life support measures, and improvement of the system of documentation and recording of clinical data
Coping Strategies as Predictors of Burnout in the IT Industry
No full textPsihološka dobrobit zaposlenika jedan je od bitnih preduvjeta za uspješnost poslovanja organizacija te je u današnje vrijeme sve češća tema mentalnog zdravlja na radnom mjestu. Sindrom sagorijevanja jedan je od primjera poslovnih fenomena čije se posljedice i prediktori intenzivnije proučavaju zadnjih par desetljeća, a odnosi se na iscrpljenost nastalu neuspješnim nošenjem s kroničnim stresom na poslu. Strategije suočavanja sa stresom (suočavanje usmjereno na problem, suočavanje usmjereno na emocije, suočavanje izbjegavanjem) prepoznate su kao jedan od alata koji ima određen učinak na razvijanje sindroma sagorijevanja, no dosadašnja istraživanja u tom su pogledu nedosljedna zbog različite operacionalizacije varijabli i korištenih mjernih instrumenata. Odnos između sagorijevanja i strategija suočavanja do sada je najčešće bio istraživan u kontekstu pomagačkih profesija, no u zadnje vrijeme sve više se izvještava o industriji informatičkih tehnologija (IT) te psihološkoj dobrobiti njihovih zaposlenika. IT industrija naglo raste i, zbog novonastalih potreba u digitalnom svijetu te konstantnih inovacija, zaposlenici imaju veliki pritisak ispuniti sva očekivanja poslodavaca. S obzirom na specifične zahtjeve ovog posla i sve veću zastupljenost IT organizacija i poslova u Hrvatskoj, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos sindroma sagorijevanja, spola i strategija suočavanja sa stresom u IT industriji. Podaci su prikupljeni na uzorku od 431 zaposlenika hrvatskih IT organizacija. Iz rezultata doznajemo kako ne postoje teži oblici sagorijevanja među zaposlenicima ove industrije, već su prisutni izolirani znakovi stresa koji graniče s razinom početnog sagorijevanja. Rezultati su pokazali da strategije izbjegavanja i suočavanja usmjerenog na emocije značajno povećavaju intenzitet sagorijevanja, dok suočavanje usmjereno na problem značajno smanjuje njegovu pojavu. Suočavanje izbjegavanjem je važan prediktor sagorijevanja kod oba spola, ali njegov utjecaj je jači kod muškaraca. Razlika se vidi kod suočavanja usmjerenog na emocije, koje kod muškaraca djeluje kao zaštita, a kod žena kao faktor koji povećava sagorijevanje.The psychological well-being of employees is one of the essential prerequisites for the success of organizations and nowadays the topic of mental health in the workplace is becoming more and more common. Burnout syndrome is one of such examples of business phenomena whose consequences and predictors have been studied more intensively in the last couple of decades and it refers to exhaustion caused by unsuccessful coping with chronic stress. Coping strategies (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, avoidance coping) are recognized as one of the tools that have a certain effect on the development of burnout syndrome but previous research in this regard is inconsistent due to different operationalization of variables and instruments used for assessment. The relationship between burnout and coping strategies has so far been most often investigated in the context of helping professions, but recently more and more people are talking about the information technology (IT) industry and the psychological well-being of their employees. The IT industry is growing rapidly and, due to new needs in the digital world and constant innovation in this field, employees are under a lot of pressure to meet all the expectations of their employers. Considering the specific requirements of this profession and the increasing representation of IT organizations and jobs in Croatia, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between burnout syndrome, bender and stress coping strategies in the IT industry. A total of 431 employees of Croatian IT organizations participated in the research. From the results, we learned that there are no severe forms of burnout among the employees of this industry, but there are isolated signs of stress bordering on the level of initial burnout. The results showed that avoidance and emotion-focused coping strategies significantly increase the intensity of burnout, while problem-focused coping significantly decreases its occurrence. Avoidance is an important predictor of burnout in both genders but its impact is stronger in men. The difference is seen in emotion-focused coping, which acts as a protective factor in men, but as a factor that increases burnout in women
Analysis of the determinants of life satisfaction using machine learning
No full textZadovoljstvo znači ispunjenost onime što se posjeduje, a strukturalnim pristupom „odozdo prema gore“ (engl. bottom-up) iznosi da je životno zadovoljstvo procjena vlastitoga života u cijelosti, a ne procjena trenutnoga stanja u kojem se pojedinac nalazi. To znači općenitu procjenu zadovoljstva životom pomoću zasebnih, ali međusobno isprepletenih cjelina koje u različitim mjerama doprinose životnom zadovoljstvu pojedinaca Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti relativan doprinos pojedinih indikatora u objašnjenju životnog zadovoljstva. Za operacionalizaciju „odozdo prema gore“ pristupa korišteno je pet Vanderweeleovih cjelina: religioznost, obitelj, posao, zdravlje i zajednica. Svaka cjelina sadrži odgovarajuće varijable iz desetoga vala European Social Survey istraživanja koje je provedeno od rujna 2020. do kolovoza 2022. anketiranjem lice u lice u 22 države sudionice istraživanja. Države su za potrebe rada podijeljene prema EUROVOC klasifikaciji na geografska područja Zapadne, Srednjoistočne, Sjeverne i Južne Europe i za svaku je od navedenih geografskih cjelina napravljen model ansambla stabala odluke (engl. Random Forest) kojim su prikazane klasifikacijske pogreške za svaku od pet klasa životnoga zadovoljstva i procijenjena klasifikacijska pogreška na skupovima podataka izvan skupova za učenje. Grafički su prikazani i objašnjeni osnovni parametri svakoga od četiri modela. Rezultati pokazuju da je moguće uočiti određeni obrazac: najznačajnije varijable za svaki od klasifikacijskih modela pripadaju domenama zdravlja i posla, da bi zatim slijedile varijable iz domene religioznosti i zajednice, a varijable koje pripadaju domeni obitelji nisu značajne niti za jedan od modela.Satisfaction means fulfillment with what one has, and the bottom-up structural approach states that life satisfaction is an assessment of one's life as a whole, and not an assessment of the current state in which an individual finds themselves. This means a general assessment of life satisfaction using separate but interconnected units that contribute to individual life satisfaction in different ways. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relative contribution of individual indicators in explaining life satisfaction. Five Vanderweele units were used to operationalize the bottom-up approach: religiosity, family, work, health and community. Each unit contains the corresponding variables from the tenth wave of the European Social Survey, which was conducted from September 2020 to August 2022 through face-to-face interviews in 22 participating countries. For the purposes of this work, the countries were divided according to the EUROVOC classification into the geographical areas of Western, Central-Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, and for each of the mentioned geographical units, a Random Forest ensemble model was created, which showed the classification errors for each of the five classes of life satisfaction and estimated the classification error on data sets outside the training sets. The basic parameters of each of the four models were graphically presented and explained. The results show that it is possible to observe a certain pattern: the most significant variables for each of the classification models belong to the domains of health and work, followed by variables from the domains of religiosity and community. Variables belonging to the domain of family are not significant for any of the models
Comparison of the analgesic effect of modified pectoral block versus standard parenteral treatment of postoperative pain after median sternotomy: a prospective clinical study
No full textUvod: Medijana sternotomija predstavlja standardnu metodu pristupa srcu i velikim krvnim žilama, a
povezana je sa pojavom jake boli i nelagode u ranom poslijeoperacijskom liječenju. Loša kontrola boli
nakon operacijskog zahvata može dovesti do pojave komplikacija i produženog oporavka, pa i prelaska
akutne boli u kroničnu. Percepcija boli je individualna, pa se tome prilagođava i terapija. Uz klasični
pristup liječenju poslijeoperacijske boli parenteralnom primjenom analgetika sve je više dokaza o
dobrobitima multimodalnog i multidisciplinarnog pristupa liječenju bola kojim se kombinira
parenteralna terapija s lokalnom ili regionalnom analgezijom.
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog rada je istražiti i usporediti učinak modificiranog pektoralnog bloka na
poslijeoperacijsku bol nakon medijane sternotomije u usporedbi s konvencionalnom parenteralnom
analgetskom terapijom.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među 60 pacijenata Kliničke bolnice Dubrava predviđenih za
operaciju na otvorenom srcu putem medijane sternotomije. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću obrasca
napravljenog za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Pacijenti su nasumično raspoređeni u dvije skupine po 30 u
svakoj skupini. Pacijenti skupine 1 nisu primili Pecs II blok, dok su pacijenti skupine 2 primili bilateralni
Pecs II blok poslijeoperacijski. Pacijenti su ispitivani na bol pomoću vizualne analogne skale (VAS)
ocjenjivanjem u mirovanju i kašljanju. Brzina inspiracijskog protoka procijenjena je poticajnom
spirometrijom. Analizirano je trajanje mehaničke ventilacije.
Rezultati: Između ispitivanih skupina nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u distribuciji spola (P=1.0),
dobi (P=0.38), tipu operacije (P=0.86) i vrijednostima Charlson Comorbidity Indexa (CCI, P=0.92). U
cijeloj kohorti zabilježen je statistički značajan pad vrijednosti VAS zbroja tijekom provođenja vježbi uz fizioterapeuta drugi poslijeoperacijski dan (1.68 ± 1.32 ) u odnosu na prvi poslijeoperacijski dan (2.32 ±
1.43 ) (P<0.001). Usporedbom vrijednosti individualnih mjerenja VAS zbroja u mirovanju, intervencijska
skupina imala je statistički značajno niže vrijednosti VAS zbroja 18h nakon ekstubacije (P=0.01).
Zaključak: PECS2 blok može pomoći u smanjenju boli nakon medijane sternotomije, te manjom
potrebom za sistemskom primjenom analgetikaIntroduction: Median sternotomy is a standard method of access to the heart and large blood vessels,
and is associated with severe pain and discomfort in early postoperative treatment. Poor pain control
after surgery can lead to complications and prolonged recovery, and the transition of acute pain to
chronic pain. The perception of pain is individual, so the therapy is adjusted accordingly. In addition to
the classic approach to the treatment of postoperative pain by parenteral administration of analgesics,
there is more and more evidence of the benefits of a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach to pain
treatment that combines parenteral therapy with local or regional analgesia.
Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate and compare the effect of modified pectoral block on
postoperative pain after median sternotomy in comparison with conventional parenteral analgesic
therapy.
Methods: The research was conducted among 60 patients of the Clinical Hospital Dubrava scheduled
for open heart surgery via median sternotomy. Data were collected using a form created for the purposes
of this research. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 in each group. Group 1 patients
did not receive a Pecs II block, while group 2 patients received a bilateral Pecs II block postoperatively.
Patients were extubated after meeting the extubation criteria. The duration of the ventilator was
recorded. Patients were examined for pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) by evaluating at rest and
coughing. Inspiratory flow rate was assessed by incentive spirometry.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the distribution of gender
(P=1.0), age (P=0.38), type of surgery (P=0.86) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI, P=0.92) values. In
the entire cohort, there was a statistically significant decrease in the value of the VAS score during
exercises with the physiotherapist on the second postoperative day (1.68 ± 1.32 ) compared to the first postoperative day (2.32 ± 1.43 ) (P<0.001). By comparing the values of individual measurements of the
VAS sum at rest, the intervention group had statistically significantly lower values of the VAS sum 18
hours after extubation (P=0.01).
Conclusion: PECS2 block may help reduce pain after median sternotomy and less need for systemic
analgesic
The role of emotional regulation and dyadic coping with stress in the satisfaction of romantic relationships
No full textRomantični odnosi imaju veliku ulogu u našim životima te pojedinci koji percipiraju odnos s partnerom ili partnericom kao kvalitetan i blizak navode bolje fizičko i mentalno zdravlje te su općenito zadovoljniji i sretniji. Romantične odnose obilježavaju promjenjive svakodnevne interakcije pa su tako nekim danima interakcije partnera uglavnom podržavajuće i pozitivne, a katkada su prisutni negativnost i sukobi. Razlozi promjena u interakcijama unutar odnosa mogu biti individualne karakteristike i stanja te okolnosti koje mogu biti obilježene različitim stresorima. Emocionalna regulacija i strategije suočavanja sa stresom dva su dominantna pristupa razumijevanju dobrobiti pojedinaca tijekom suočavanja sa zahtjevima u svom životu te se dijadno suočavanje sa stresom pokazao snažan prediktor kvalitete romantičnih odnosa. U ovom istraživanju utvrdilo se kako korištenje adaptivne strategije kognitivne emocionalne regulacije stavljanje u perspektivu povećava zadovoljstvo u romantičnim odnosima, dok korištenje neadaptivnih strategija kognitivne emocionalne regulacije katastrofiziranje i okrivljavanje drugih snizuju zadovoljstvo u romantičnim odnosima. Pojedinčevo i partnerovo komuniciranje stresa, pojedinčevo i partnerovo podržavajuće i negativno dijadno suočavanje, partnerovo delegirano dijadno suočavanje, zajedničko dijadno suočavanje te evaluacija dijadnog suočavanja sa stresom pozitivno su povezani sa zadovoljstvom u romantičnim odnosima. Također, partnerovo podržavajuće dijadno suočavanje i evaluacija dijadnog suočavanja sa stresom doprinose zadovoljstvu romantičnim odnosima. Rezultati sugeriraju da emocionalna regulacija i dijadno suočavanje sa stresom mogu biti važni čimbenici koji se mogu upotrebljavati u intervencijama tijekom rada s parovima.Romantic relationships play a significant role in our lives. Individuals who perceive a relationship with a partner as high-quality and close state better physical and mental health and are generally satisfied and happy. Romantic relationships are characterized by changing daily interactions: some days the partner's interactions are mostly supportive and positive, while at other times negativity and conflicts may occur. The reason for these behavior fluctuations can be individual characteristics, as well as conditions and circumstances that can be characterized by different stressors. Emotional regulation and stress coping strategies are two dominant approaches to understanding the well-being of individuals while coping with demands in their lives, and dyadic stress coping has proven to be a strong predictor of the quality of a romantic relationship. In this research, it was determined that the use of an adaptive strategy of cognitive emotional regulation putting into perspective increases satisfaction in romantic relationships, while the use of non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotional regulation catastrophizing and blaming others lower satisfaction in romantic relationships. Individual and partner's communication of stress, individual and partner's supportive and negative dyadic coping, partner's delegated dyadic coping, common dyadic coping and evaluation of dyadic coping with stress are positively related to satisfaction in romantic relationships. Also, the partner's supportive dyadic coping and evaluation of dyadic coping with stress contribute to the satisfaction of romantic relationships. The results suggest that emotional regulation and dyadic coping with stress may be important factors that can be used in interventions while working with couples