Digital Repository of the Catholic University of Croatia
Not a member yet
1149 research outputs found
Sort by
Corelation of certain aspects od the qualit of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with negative emotional states: a cross-sectional study
No full textUvod: Kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (KOPB) trajno je suženje dišnih puteva uzrokovano emfizemom ili kroničnim bronhitisom. Na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja utvrđeno je da bolest utječe na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje te bitno smanjuje kvalitetu života.
Cilj: Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj ispitati povezanost pojedinih aspekata kvalitete života i izraženosti negativnih emocionalnih stanja: depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa kod osoba oboljelih od KOPB-a u pulmološkoj ambulanti Opće bolnice „Dr. Ivo Pedišić“ Sisak.
Metode: Provedeno je opservacijsko-presječno istraživanje metodom ankete u izravnom kontaktu. Ispitanici su ispunili anonimnu anketu u papirnatom obliku uz predhodna objašnjenja i upute o sudjelovanju u istraživanju.
Rezultati: Uključeno je 128 ispitanika koji se liječe u pulmološkoj ambulanti Opće bolnice „dr. Ivo Pedišić“ Sisak. Analiza podataka pokazala je da postoje značajne povezanosti (r= 0,829; p<0,01) smanjene kvalitete života sa zdravljem i negativnim emocionalnim stanjima (stres, anksioznost i depresija). Utvrđeno je da smanjena kvaliteta života i pojava negativnih emocionalnih stanja ovise o dobi ispitanika, ali i u većoj mjeri o duljini trajanja bolesti. Nije dokazana povezanost smanjene kvalitete života i pojave negativnih emocionalnih stanja s obzirom na obiteljski status ispitanika.
Zaključak: Dokazana smanjena kvaliteta života povezana sa zdravljem i pojava negativnih emocionalnih stanja kod bolesnika oboljelih od KOPB-a predstavlja značajan problem u životu bolesnika i zdravstvenoj skrbi. Kod liječenja bolesnika oboljelih od KOPB-a trebalo bi se, osim procjene fizičkog stanja, posvetiti i procjeni psihičkog stanja te s obzirom na procijenjeni status u proces liječenja uključiti i stručnjake drugih znanstvenih područja.Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a permanent narrowing of the airways caused by emphysema or chronic bronchitis. Based on previous research, it has been established that the disease affects physical and mental health and significantly reduces the quality of life.
Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the connection between certain aspects of the quality of life and the expression of negative emotional states: depression, anxiety and stress in people suffering from COPD in the pulmonology clinic of the General Hospital "Dr. Ivo Pedišić" Sisak.
Methods: An observational-cross-sectional study was conducted using the survey method in direct contact. Respondents filled out an anonymous survey in paper form with preliminary explanations and instructions about participation in the research.
Results: 128 respondents who are treated in the pulmonology clinic of the General Hospital "dr. Ivo Pedišić" Sisak. Data analysis showed that there are significant associations (r= 0,829; p<0,01) between reduced quality of life and health and negative emotional states (stress, anxiety and depression). It was established that the reduced quality of life and the appearance of negative emotional states depend on the age of the subjects, but also to a greater extent on the duration of the disease. The connection between the reduced quality of life and the appearance of negative emotional states with regard to the family status of the respondents has not been proven.
Conclusion: The proven reduced quality of life related to health and the occurrence of negative emotional states in patients with COPD represent a significant problem in the patient's life and health care. In the treatment of patients with COPD, in addition to assessing the physical condition, attention should also be paid to the assessment of the psychological condition, and experts from other scientific fields should also be included in the treatment process in view of the assessed status
Comparison of Different Methods of Wound Care after Breast Cancer Surgery - "Prospective Cohort Study"
No full textUvod: Karcinom dojke je najčešći maligni karcinom kod žena. Od ove bolesti u Hrvatskoj godišnje oboli oko 3000 žena. Liječenje karcinoma dojke uključuje kirurške zahvate, kemoterapiju, zračenje, hormonsku terapiju i terapiju tzv. pametnim lijekovima. Kirurško liječenje je potrebno provesti u većeg broja bolesnica s karcinomom dojke. Kod liječenja karcinoma dojke potrebno je napraviti rezove na dojci i pazuhu ako se radi o poštednim operacijama dojke te veće rezove na dojci i torakalnoj stijenci ako se radi o radikalnim operacijama ili rekonstrukicjama dojke. Briga o kirurškom rezu počinje već u operacijskoj dvorani i nastavlja se tijekom boravka na odjelu te po otpustu iz bolnice u kućnoj njezi. Kod šivanja rane na dojci najčešće se koriste resorptivni potkožni šavi kojima se postiže rasterećenje napetosti na šavnoj liniji, a rubovi kože se dovedu u bliski kontakt. Dalje se jednim resorptivnim produžnim šavom dermis i epidermis dovedu u bliski kontakt. Na kraju šivanja rana ima minimalno sekrecije na šavnoj liniji. Tradicionalni i najčešći način njege rane na dojci sličan je kao i na drugim mjestima na tijelu, upotrebom kompresa koje se stavljaju u operacijskoj dvorani na ranu. Prevoj rane i zamjena kompresa vrši se prvi ili drugi postoperacijski dan. Nakon kirurškog zahvata na dojci, pažljiva briga o ranama postaje ključna komponenta procesa oporavka pacijentica, pri čemu je važno odabrati optimalno vrijeme za započinjanje aktivnosti poput tuširanja i fizikalne terapije, uzimajući u obzir stanje rane i odabranu metodu njege. Rane koje su suhe i bez sekrecije kod previjanja mogu se već nakon 48h sati ostaviti otvorene i može se započeti s tuširanjem. U novije vrijeme poseže se za oblogama za rane ili se koriste posebni flasteri za pokrivanje rana.
Cilj: usporediti različite metode pokrivanja rana. Usporediti tradicionalni način pokrivanja rane samo kompresom, pokrivanje rane posebnim flasterima za rane tzv. „steri strip“ suturama i pokrivanje rane s običnim flasterom “micropore”.
Metode: Kod 30 bolesnica u operacijskoj dvorani na tek sašivenu ranu postavili smo samo sterilne komprese. Na drugih 30 „steri strip“ suture, a kod 30 bolesnica postavili smo samo flaster „micropore“. Izgled ožiljka pratili smo kod previjanja na odjelu, kod previjanja u poliklinici te na kontroli nakon mjesec dana od operacije. Bilježeni su znaci sekrecije iz rane prvi ili drugi postoperacijski dan, znakovi infekcije u postoperacijskom tijeku, te zadovoljstvo bolesnica s
izgledom ožiljka nakon mjesec dana. Sve bolesnice bile su upoznate s istraživanjem i imaju potpisan informirani pristanak.
Rezultati: ustanovljeno je da rane pokrivene flasterom/microporem imaju značajno manje krvarenja ili sekrecije iz rane prvi postoperativni dan. Nema značajnih razlika u raspodjeli načina pokrivanja kirurške rane, prevoju nakon 7 do 10 dana, infekciji, zaprekama u fizikalnoj terapiji ili u estetskom izgledu ožiljka mjesec dana nakon operacije.
Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo da bolesnice čije su rane prekrivene steri strip suturama i microporom imaju manje krvarenje i sekreciju iz rane prvi postoperativni dan, za razliku od rana koje su prekrivene samo kompresama.Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer in women. Around 3000 women are diagnosed with this disease annually in Croatia. Treatment for breast cancer includes surgical procedures, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy with so-called "smart drugs." Surgical intervention is necessary for a significant number of breast cancer patients. Depending on the type of surgery, incisions are made on the breast and armpit for breast-conserving surgeries, or larger incisions on the breast and thoracic wall for radical surgeries or breast reconstructions. Care for the surgical incision begins in the operating room and continues during the hospital stay and upon discharge into home care. Resorbable subcutaneous sutures are commonly used for suturing the wound on the breast, providing relief from tension on the suture line and bringing the skin edges into close contact. Further, a single resorbable continuous suture brings the dermis and epidermis into close contact. Minimal secretion is expected at the suture line at the end of wound closure. The traditional and most common method of wound care on the breast is similar to other areas of the body, using compresses applied in the operating room. Wound dressing changes are performed on the first or second postoperative day. After breast surgery, careful wound care becomes a crucial component of patient recovery, where choosing the optimal time to initiate activities such as showering and physical therapy is essential, considering the wound condition and chosen method of care. Dry wounds without secretion can be left open after 48 hours of dressing, and showering can commence. Recently, there has been a trend towards using wound dressings or special adhesive dressings for wound coverage.
Aim: compare different wound dressing methods. Compare the traditional way of covering the wound with only a compress, covering the wound with special plasters for wounds, the so-called "steri strip" sutures and covering the wound with an ordinary "micropore" patch.
Methods: In the case of 30 patients, only sterile compresses were applied to the freshly sutured wound in the operating room. On the other 30, "steri strip" sutures were applied, and in 30 patients, only a patch was placed on the sutured wound. We monitored the appearance of the
scar during dressings in the ward, during dressings in the polyclinic, and at the check-up one month after the operation. Signs of secretion from the wound were recorded on the first or second postoperative day. Signs of infection in the postoperative course, and the patients satisfaction with the appearance of the scar one month after procedure. All patients were informed about the research and have signed informed consent.
Results: it was found that wounds covered with patch/micropore had significantly less bleeding or secretions from the wound on the first postoperative day. There are no significant differences in the distribution of surgical wound coverage, dressings after 7 to 10 days, infection, physical therapy delay, or the aesthetic appearance of the scar one month after surgery.
Conclusion: Research has shown that patients whose wounds are covered with plaster and micropore have less bleeding and secretion from the wound on the first postoperative day, in contrast to wounds that are covered only with compresses
Teaching Croatian language at institutions of higher education
No full textPrepoznatljiva i sustavna jezična politika i briga o jeziku kao temelju vlastite kulture zadaća je svake uređene europske države. Unatoč tomu što je hrvatski jezik jedan od 24 službena jezika u Europskoj uniji, budućnost jezika ne može ovisiti samo o EU-u, već i o govornicima samih jezika (Granić, 2012). Pregled stručne literature pokazuje da hrvatski jezikoslovci desetljećima ulažu velike napore da se uvede jezična politika kako bi se u Hrvatskoj u javnome prostoru očuvao standardni oblik jezika. Dogovor o jezičnome zakonu između Matice hrvatske i predstavnika hrvatske vlasti postignut je 2023., no mnoga jezična pitanja, poput institucionalne nadogradnje jezične kulture ostala su otvorena. Osim u obrazovnome sustavu jezična se kultura oblikuje i drugim faktorima, poput okoline i medija koji okružuju pojedinca.
Cilj ovoga rada jest analizirati položaj hrvatskoga standardnog jezika na visokoškolskim ustanovama, a jedinice analize u istraživanju sve su javne i privatne visokoškolske ustanove u gradu Zagrebu. Analizom sadržaja izvedbenih planova obuhvaćeno je 144 smjera na javnim te 44 smjera na privatnim sveučilištima, veleučilištima te visokim školama. Kao dodatan prilog istraživačkome dijelu provedena su dva polustrukturirana intervjua s dr. sc. Milicom Mihaljević, koja je predavala jezični kolegij na Fakultetu elektrotehnike i računarstva Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, te s mr. sc. Anđelom Vukasović Korundom koja predaje na privatnome Veleučilištu „Edward Bernays“. Obje su profesorice istaknule važnost jezičnih kolegija na sveučilišnim i stručnim studijima te izrazile nezadovoljstvo sadašnjim stanjem jezične kulture studenata na akademskoj razini.A recognizable and systematic language policy, along with the care for language as the foundation of one's culture, is a task of every organized European state. Despite Croatian being one of the 24 official languages in the European Union, the future of the language cannot solely depend on the EU but also on the language speakers themselves (Granić, 2012). A literature review indicates that Croatian linguists have been making significant efforts for decades to implement language policies aimed at preserving the standard form of the language. An agreement on a language law between Matica hrvatska and representatives of the Croatian authorities was reached in 2023, but many language-related issues, such as the enhancement of language culture, remain unresolved. Apart from the educational system, language culture is shaped by other factors such as the environment and media surrounding individuals.
The aim of this paper is to assess the position of the standard variety in universities of applied science in the city of Zagreb. The content analysis of curriculum outlines covered 144 courses in public institutions and 44 courses in private universities. As a supplementary contribution to the research, two semi-structured interviews were conducted with Milica Mihaljević, who taught a language course at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing at the University of Zagreb, and with Anđela Vukasović Korunda, who lectures at the private Edward Bernays University College. Both professors emphasized the importance of language courses in university and professional studies and expressed dissatisfaction with the current state of language at the academic level
The relationship between life goals and job attitudes
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnose intrinzičnih i ekstrinzičnih životnih ciljeva i stavova prema poslu u koje ubrajamo zadovoljstvo poslom i zaokupljenost poslom te odanost organizaciji koja uključuje: afektivnu, instrumentalnu i normativnu odanost. Instrument korišten za mjerenje intrinzičnih i ekstrinzičnih životnih ciljeva je Indeks aspiracija (Kasser i Ryan, 1996). Za ispitivanje stavova prema poslu korišteni su: upitnik Zadovoljstva poslom (Spector, 1994), upitnik Zaokupljenost poslom (Lodahl i Kejner, 1965), a odanost organizaciji ispitana je revidiranom verzijom skale Meyera, Allena i Smitha (1993) koji ispituje afektivnu, instrumentalnu i normativnu odanost. Uzorak čini 205 zaposlenih osoba (150 ženskog spola i 55 muškog), a za statističku obradu podataka korištena je regresijska analiza.
Ekstrinzični ciljevi bili su pozitivan prediktor instrumentalne odanosti, ali suprotno očekivanjima i afektivne i normativne odanosti i zaokupljenosti poslom. Intrinzični životni ciljevi nisu se pokazali kao značajan prediktor zadovoljstva poslom, zaokupljenosti poslom, afektivne odanosti i normativne odanosti.The goal of this research was to explore the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic life goals and attitudes towards work, including job satisfaction and job involvement, along with organizational commitment, which encompasses affective, instrumental, and normative commitment. The Aspiration Index (Kasser and Ryan, 1996) was used to measure intrinsic and extrinsic life goals. For examining attitudes towards work, the Job Satisfaction Survey (Spector, 1994), the Job Involvement Questionnaire (Lodahl and Kejner, 1965) were used, and organizational commitment was assessed with a revised version of Meyer and colleagues' scale (1993), which measures affective, instrumental, and normative commitment. The sample consisted of 205 employees (150 female and 55 male), and regression analysis was utilized for statistical data processing.
Extrinsic goals were a positive predictor of instrumental commitment, but contrary to expectations, they also positively predicted affective and normative commitment and job involvement. Intrinsic life goals did not emerge as a significant predictor of job satisfaction, job involvement, affective commitment, and normative commitment
One Hundred Years of Portraying Fear on Film. The Horror Film Genre and its Construction
No full textFilmovi strave su namijenjeni izazivanju straha, napetosti i jeze kod publike. Ovaj žanr često koristi elemente nadnaravnog, okultnog , nasilja ili okrutnosti kako bi izazvao emocionalne reakcije kod gledatelja. Ovaj rad nastoji d okazati kompleksnost filmskog žanra strave kroz analizu brojnih specijaliziranih podžanrova (psihološki filmovi strave, slasher filmovi, čudovišta, itd.) te korištenih tehnika snimanja ( jump scare tehnika, negativni filmski prostora, ritam kadrova)kadrova). Definira se koji su psihološki aspekti uživanja u filmovima strave te se analizira povijesni razvoj žanra od 20 ih godina 20. stoljeća do prvog desetljeća 21. stoljeća. Najveći dio rada posvećen je poveznici između izazivanja straha kod gledatelja i društv ene zbilje određenog vremena . Iz tog razloga je za svako desetljeće u navedenom periodu za analizu od abran jedan film strave. Kroz analizu odabranih filmova prati se razvoj žanra, od ekspresionističkih melodrama bez prikaza nasilja, preko klasičnih hollywo odskih čudovišta i filmova temeljenih na psihološko m teror u, pa sve do ek s plicitnih prikaza nasilja. Također se definira koje točno društvene nesigurnost određenog razdoblja kroz filmsko platno izazivaju osjećaj straha kod gledatelja od nestabilnosti nako n Prvog svjetskog rata, utjecaja Velike gospodarske krize, preko „krize obitelji“ 60 ih i odgovora konzervativne politike 70 ih, pa sve do utjecaja tehnološkog razvoja 90 ih na suvremeno društvo.Horror films are intended to induce fear, tension and chills in the audience. This genre often uses elements of the supernatural, the occult, violence or cruelty to evoke emotional reactions in the viewer. This paper tries to prove the complexity of the ho rror film genre through the analysis of numerous specialized subgenres (psychological horror films, slasher films, monsters, etc.) and the use of recording techniques (jump scare technique, negative film space, frame rhythm). The psychological aspects of e njoying horror films are also defined, and the historical development of the genre beginning in the 20s of the 20th century and ending in the first decade of the 21st century is analyzed. The largest part of this paper is devoted to the link between induci ng fear in the viewer and the social reality of a certain time. For this reason, one horror film was selected for analysis for each decade in the specified period. Through the analysis of selected films, we follow the development of the genre, from express ionist melodramas without depictions of violence, through classic Hollywood monsters and films based on psychological terror, all the way to explicit depictions of violence. It is also defines which social insecurities of a certain period cause a feeling o f fear in the audience through the film screen from the instability after the First World War, the impact of the Great Depression , through the "family crisis" of the 60s and the response of conservative politics in the 70s, all the way to the impact of t echnological development in the 90s on modern society
Success of Bronchoscopic Methods in Diagnosing Lung and Bronchus Cancer: Retrospective Study
No full textUvod: Karcinom pluća je maligna bolest koja najčešće pogađa muškarce, ali također pogađa i žene. Dijagnosticiranje ove bolesti obuhvaća radiološke metode poput CT-a abdomena i toraksa te RTG-a pluća, dok dodatna obrada uključuje bronhoskopiju i citološku analizu uzoraka.
Cilj: Cilj istraživanja diplomskog rada je analizirati i usporediti dijagnostičku točnost i pouzdanost citoloških rezultata dobivenih aspiratom i brisom bronha četkicom tijekom bronhoskopske procedura u otkrivanju karcinoma pluća.
Metode: U istraživanju su korišteni materijali tj. nalazi dobiveni nakon citološke analize dobivene bronhoskopijom na Pulmološkoj poliklinici KBC Sestre milosrdnice u periodu od 01.01.2019. do 31.12.2022. godine. Istraživanje se radi na temelju 193 nalaza različitih pacijenata koji bi bili razvrstani u spolne i dobne skupine
Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali kako je značajno više karcinoma potvrđeno brisom bronha četkicom u odnosu na one koji nisu potvrđeni aspiratom bronha
Zaključak: Bris bronha četkicom pruža veću dijagnostičku preciznost u potvrđivanju karcinoma pluća u odnosu na aspirat bronha, Preporučuje se prioritetno korištenje brisa bronha četkicom u dijagnostičkoj procjeni karcinoma pluća.Backgroung: Lung cancer is a malignant disease that mostly affects men, but also affects women. Diagnosing this disease includes radiological methods such as CT of the abdomen and thorax and X-ray of the lungs, while additional processing includes bronchoscopy and cytological analysis of samples.
Objective: The objective of the thesis research is to analyze and compare the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of cytological results obtained by aspirate and bronchial brush smear during bronchoscopic procedures in the detection of lung cancer.
Methods: The research used materials, i.e. findings obtained after cytological analysis obtained by bronchoscopy at the Pulmonology Polyclinic KBC Sestre milosrdnica in the period from 01.01.2019. until 31.12.2022. years. The research is done on the basis of 193 findings of different patients who would be classified into gender and age groups
Results: The results showed that significantly more cancers were confirmed by bronchial brush smear compared to those that were not confirmed by bronchial aspirate.
Conclusion: A bronchial brush swab provides greater diagnostic precision in confirming lung cancer compared to a bronchial aspirate. It is recommended to prioritize the use of a bronchial brush swab in the diagnostic assessment of lung cancer
Self-assessment of Physical and Mental health of Inhabitants Taking into Account the Distance of the Place of Residence from the Landfill Jakuševec
No full textOdlagalište otpada Jakuševec složeni je izvor onečišćenja koji zbog svog utjecaja na sve sastavnice okoliša predstavlja važan ekološki problem u Gradu Zagrebu, a time i rizik za zdravlje okolnih stanovnika. Inozemna su istraživanja općenito pokazala kako je mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje stanovnika koji žive u blizini odlagališta otpada i drugih izvora onečišćenja narušeno. U Hrvatskoj još nije provedeno istraživanje koje je se bavilo mentalnim i tjelesnim zdravljem stanovnika s obzirom na udaljenost stanovanja od odlagališta otpada te je stoga svrha ovog istraživanja ispitati razlike u samoprocjeni mentalnog i tjelesnog zdravlja stanovnika s obzirom na udaljenost stanovanja od odlagališta otpada Jakuševec.
U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 823 stanovnika Grada Zagreba (128 muških) u dobi između 18 i 85 godina. Sudionici su na temelju udaljenosti kvarta u kojem žive od odlagališta Jakuševec podijeljeni u dvije grupe. Od ukupnog broja sudionika, njih 278 (39 muških) živi u blizini odlagališta otpada Jakuševec, dok preostalih 575 (89 muških) živi u udaljenijim zagrebačkim kvartovima. Sudionici su se samoprocjenjivali na nekoliko mjera mentalnog zdravlja (depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa te subjektivne dobrobiti) kao i na dvjema mjerama tjelesnog zdravlja (opće tjelesno zdravlje i učestalost somatskih simptoma).
Za analizu razlika između dvije grupe sudionika korišteni su t-test za nezavisne uzorke i Mann-Whitney U test sume rangova. Rezultati su pokazali da stanovnici koji žive bliže odlagalištu izvještavaju o višim razinama depresivnosti i anksioznosti te nižoj subjektivnoj dobrobiti (nižem zadovoljstvu životom i manjem broju doživljenih pozitivnih iskustava) te većoj učestalosti somatskih simptoma i lošijem tjelesnom zdravlju u usporedbi sa stanovnicima koji žive dalje od odlagališta. Nisu pronađene statistički značajne razlike u razinama stresa i doživljenih negativnih iskustava između dvije grupe sudionika.
Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu poslužiti odgovornim institucijama u formiranju preventivnih mjera i programa očuvanja psihofizičkog zdravlja populacija koje žive u blizini odlagališta. Također, ovakvi rezultati mogu potaknuti promicanje održivih praksi gospodarenja otpadom kako bi se smanjili štetni utjecaji na zdravlje.The Jakuševec landfill is a complex source of pollution that significantly impacts all environmental components, posing a major ecological problem in the City of Zagreb and a health risk to nearby residents. International studies have generally shown that the mental and physical health of residents living near landfills and other sources of pollution is compromised. In Croatia, no study has yet investigated the mental and physical health of residents based on their proximity to a landfill. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the differences in self-assessed mental and physical health of residents based on their distance from the Jakuševec landfill.
The study included 823 residents of the of Zagreb (128 males), aged between 18 and 85 years. Participants were divided into two groups based on the distance of their neighborhood from the Jakuševec landfill. Of the total number of participants, 278 (39 males) live near the Jakuševec landfill, while the remaining 545 (89 males) live in more distant neighborhoods. Participants self-assessed on several measures of mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, and subjective well-being) and two measures of physical health (general physical health and frequency of somatic symptoms).
To analyze the differences between the two groups of participants, independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U sum of ranks test were used. The results showed that residents living closer to the landfill reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, lower subjective well-being (lower life satisfaction and fewer positive experiences), higher frequency of somatic symptoms, and poorer physical health compared to residents living farther from the landfill. No statistically significant differences were found in levels of stress and experienced negative experiences between the two groups of participants.
The findings of this research can serve responsible institutions in forming preventive measures and programs to preserve the psychophysical health of populations living near landfills. Additionally, these results may encourage the promotion of sustainable waste management practices to reduce harmful health impacts
Algo-literacy of High School Students in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County area
No full textRazvoj umjetne inteligencije i algoritama na digitalnim platformama značajno je obogatio razumijevanje medijske i algoritamske pismenosti, posebno važne za djecu izloženu prilagođenim digitalnim sadržajima. Algoritmi na društvenim mrežama određuju redoslijed objava, što korisnici često ne razumiju. Identitet na društvenim mrežama oblikuje naše međuljudske odnose, a sloboda se govora na digitalnim platformama suočava s izazovom dezinformacija, zahtijevajući ravnotežu između izražavanja i zaštite od dezinformacija. Upravo su zato medijska i algoritamska pismenost mladih ključne za njihovo kritičko pristupanje sadržaju kojim su izloženi u digitalnom svijetu. U ovom je radu analizirana osviještenost učenika srednjih škola u Gradu Zagrebu i Zagrebačkoj županiji o algoritmima umjetne inteligencije na digitalnim platformama, s ciljem procjene njihove razine medijske pismenosti. Provedeno je istraživanje u svibnju 2024. godine metodom pisane ankete, a uključilo je 206 srednjoškolskih učenika. Istraživanje je pokazalo da većina učenika srednjih škola svakodnevno koristi neki oblik digitalnih platformi. Učenici su svjesni postojanja algoritama koji oblikuju sadržaj na njihovim profilima, ali njihovo razumijevanje utjecaja tih algoritama na uvjerenja i stavove je ograničeno, što naglašava potrebu za dodatnim obrazovanjem. Iako većina učenika smatra da su dobro informirani o medijskim pitanjima, samo rijetki su upoznati s idejom da digitalni alati mogu ograničiti raznolikost informacija kojima imaju pristup. Istraživanje također ukazuje na značajan utjecaj digitalnog sadržaja na percepciju tijela i samopouzdanja, posebno među djevojkama, te potvrđuje snažan utjecaj algoritama na percepciju i stavove učenika, što zahtijeva institucionalnu podršku i dodatnu edukaciju u medijskoj i algoritamskoj pismenosti.The development of artificial intelligence and algorithms on digital platforms has significantly enriched the understanding of media and algorithmic literacy, especially important for children exposed to tailored digital content. Algorithms on social media determine the order of posts, which users often do not understand. Identity on social media shapes our interpersonal relationships, while freedom of speech on digital platforms faces the challenge of misinformation, requiring a balance between expression and protection from false information. Therefore, media and algorithmic literacy for young people is crucial for their critical approach to the content they are exposed to in the digital world.
This study examined the awareness of high school students in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County regarding artificial intelligence algorithms on digital platforms, aiming to assess their level of media literacy. The research was conducted in May 2024 using a written survey method, involving 206 high school students. The study found that the majority of high school students use digital platforms daily. Students are aware of the existence of algorithms shaping content on their profiles, but their understanding of how these algorithms influence their beliefs and attitudes is limited, highlighting the need for further education. While most students believe they are well-informed about media issues, few are familiar with the concept that digital tools can limit the diversity of information they access. The research also indicates a significant impact of digital content on body image and self-confidence, especially among girls, reinforcing the strong influence of algorithms on students' perceptions and attitudes, necessitating institutional support and additional education in media and algorithmic literacy
The role of investigative journalism in protection of privacy and the defense of democracy. The example of Edward Snowden
No full textPojava zviždača postala je jedan od najrelevantnijih fenomena u suvremenom svijetu ponajviše zbog polarizirajućeg stajališta različitih publika o zaštiti podataka i prava na privatnost. Rasprava o odnosu ovih pojmova nepobitno se nalazi u sivom području te traje od nastanka Interneta sve do danas. Kada je najpoznatiji svjetski zviždač i bivši zaposlenik američke Nacionalne sigurnosne agencije (NSA) Edward Snowden 2013. godine razotkrio tajne programe kojima je američka vlada provodila masovni nadzor američkog stanovništva te drugih zemalja i političkih čelnika, njegov slučaj postao je izravan simptom dubokih svjetonazorno-ideoloških i socijalno-političkih problema suvremene civilizacije koji su povezani s ograničenjem temeljnih ljudskih sloboda i prava na privatnost o čemu je diskurs pokrenut već ranije u filozofiji (M. Foucault i J. Bentham) te književnosti (G. Orwell). Snowdenov slučaj poprimio je međunarodne razmjere, a između ostalog, potaknuo i raspravu o budućoj ulozi istraživačkog novinarstva u digitalnom dobu. Ovaj pregledni rad ima za cilj ukazati na vezu između važnosti i prava na slobodu i zaštitu podataka i informacija te razvoja demokracije i ljudskih prava kao i problematizirati etičku dimenziju i antitezu pojmova sigurnost i privatnost te posljedice za društvo i demokraciju uslijed nemogućnosti pronalaženja ravnoteže između ova dva pojma.The emergence of whistleblowers has become one of the most relevant phenomena in the modern world, mostly due to the polarizing views of different audiences on data protection and the right to privacy. The debate about the connection between these terms is undeniably in the gray area and has been going on since the birth of the Internet until today. When the world's most famous whistleblower and former employee of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Edward Snowden, exposed in 2013 the secret programs by which the American government carried out mass surveillance of the American population and other countries and political leaders, his case became a direct symptom of deep ideological and sociopolitical problems of contemporary civilization that are connected with the limitation of basic human freedoms and the right to privacy, about which the discourse was already started earlier in philosophy (M. Foucault and J. Bentham) and literature (G. Orwell). Snowden's case took on international proportions and, among other things, started a discussion about the future role of investigative journalism in the digital age. This overview master's thesis aims to point out the connection between the importance and the right to freedom and the protection of data and information and the development of democracy and human rights, as well as to problematize the ethical dimension and the antithesis of the concepts of security and privacy and the consequences for society and democracy due to the impossibility of finding a balance between these two concepts
Playfulness in Romantic Relationship as a Determinant of Relationship Satisfaction
No full textIgranje je univerzalan aspekt ljudske prirode te je do sada najviše bilo proučavano u području razvojne psihologije i evolucijske biologije. No u novije vrijeme, istraživanja su počela otkrivati kako igranje, odnosno razigranost kod odraslih osoba može biti povezana s različitim pozitivnim ishodima. Recimo, neki nalazi upućuju na to kako je razigranost povezana s divergentnim mišljenjem (Proyer, 2012), emocionalnom inteligencijom (Hart i Holmes, 2022) i subjektivnom dobrobiti (Yue i sur., 2016). Osim individualnih koristi, razigranost u bliskim odnosima pokazala se kao faktor koji može pridonijeti većem zadovoljstvu u vezi (Proyer, 2012; Vanderbleek, 2011). No način na koji razigranost u vezi doprinosi zadovoljstvu odnosom još nije u potpunosti razjašnjeno. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati povezanosti između razigranog ponašanja u vezi, dispozicijske razigranosti, kvalitete komunikacije u odnosu i zadovoljstva vezom te istražiti vrste igri i funkciju igre u romantičnom odnosu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 602 ispitanika u dobi od 18-71 godine koji su ispunili online anketu. Rezultati su pokazali da dispozicijska razigranost sama po sebi nije značajno povezana sa zadovoljstvom u vezi, ali je percipirano razigrano ponašanje u vezi imalo značajan pozitivan učinak. Kvaliteta komunikacije pokazala se kao djelomičan medijator, pri čemu je više razigranog ponašanja u vezi dovelo do bolje komunikacije i zatim većeg zadovoljstva u vezi. Također, identificirano je 9 glavnih kategorija igre i 7 funkcija igranja u vezi. Zaključno, rezultati ukazuju na prednosti uključivanja „igranja“ u romantične odnose i na načine na koje ono ostvaruje svoj utjecaj, što može pomoći u razvoju intervencija za unapređenje romantičnih odnosa.Play is a universal aspect of human nature and has traditionally been studied primarily in developmental psychology and evolutionary biology. However, recent research has begun to find out how playfulness in adults can be associated with various positive outcomes. For instance, some findings suggest that playfulness is associated with divergent thinking (Proyer, 2012), emotional intelligence (Hart & Holmes, 2022), and subjective well-being (Yue et al., 2016). Furthermore, playfulness in close relationships has been shown to contribute to greater relationship satisfaction (Proyer, 2012; Vanderbleek, 2011). However, the exact pathways through which playfulness in relationship enhances satisfaction are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between playful behavior in relationship, dispositional playfulness, quality of communication and relationship satisfaction, as well as to explore the types and functions of play in romantic relationships. The study involved a total of 602 participants aged 18 to 71 who completed an online survey. Results indicated that while dispositional playfulness was not significantly related to relationship satisfaction, perceived playful behavior in relationship had a positive effect. Quality of communication emerged as a partial mediator, where playful behavior led to better communication and, in turn, greater satisfaction. Additionally, nine main categories of play and seven functions of play in relationship were identified. In conclusion, the results highlight the potential benefits of incorporating play into romantic relationships and the ways in which it exerts its influence, which could help in developing interventions aimed at improving romantic relationships