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Attitudes and Knowledge in Blood Donation among Students of the Catholic University of Croatia: a Cross-sectional Study
No full textUvod: Krv je često nezamjenjivi lijek, a svi mi smo svakodnevno potencijalni primatelji krvi. Čovjek je jedini izvor krvi i potencijalni dobrovoljni darivatelj. Nedostatak darivatelja je značajan problem na globalnoj razini. Adekvatne zalihe krvi su ključne za uspjeh različitih medicinskih intervencija te očuvanje ljudskog života. Iskrivljeni stavovi i nedovoljno znanje o darivanju krvi mogu utjecati na osobu da se odluči ne darovati krv.
Cilj istraživanja: Ispitati stavove i znanja redovitih i izvanrednih studenata prijediplomskog i diplomskog studija povijesti, sociologije, komunikologije, sestrinstva, psihologije i medicine o darivanju krvi na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu. Metode: Provedeno je opažajno presječno istraživanje. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anonimne online ankete koja je prilagođena za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada. Prvi dio ankete sadrži pitanja sociodemografskog tipa, dok drugi i treći dio ispituju stavove i znanja studenata o darivanju krvi. Upitnik je CADS-19, a na hrvatski je preveden slijedeći važeća pravila za prijevod i adaptaciju. Ispitivanje je provedeno u ožujku i travnju 2024. godine.
Rezultati: Na istraživanje su pozvani svi redoviti i izvanredni studenti prijediplomskog i diplomskog studija Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta. Pozivu je odgovorilo njih 314. Gotovo su svi ispitanici (95,2 %) iskazali slaganje s tvrdnjom o potrebi darivanja krvi, shodno tome većina (80,6 %) su stava da će ju u budućnosti darovati. Sudionici istraživanja su pokazali svoje znanje o darivanju krvi s više od 50 % točnih odgovora u upitniku provjere znanja.
Zaključak: Adekvatna znanja i pozitivni stavovi prema darivanju krvi, ključni su u odluci hoće li se osoba odlučiti darovati. Iako su studenti adekvatno informirani, prema prikupljenim podacima, postoje nedostaci. Kampanje usmjerene na edukaciju, ključne su za stvaranje informirane i angažirane zajednice. Također, podizanje svijesti i razvijanje pozitivnih stavova među mladima od presudne je važnosti za stvaranje stabilne baze darivatelja i osiguravanje dovoljne količine krvi u zdravstvenom sustavu.Introduction: : Blood is often an irreplaceable medicine and we are all potential recipients of blood every day. Human being is the only source of blood and a potential voluntary donor. The lack of donors is a significant problem at the global level. Adequate blood supplies are crucial for the success of various medical interventions and the preservation of human life. Distorted attitudes and insufficient knowledge about donating blood can influence a person to decide not to donate blood. Objective: The objective of this paper is to examine the attitudes and knowledge of full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students of history, sociology, communicology, nursing, psychology and medicine about blood donation at the Catholic University of Croatia. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The research was conducted through an anonymous online survey that was adapted to the needs of this thesis. The first part of the survey contains sociodemographic questions, while the second and third parts examine the attitudes and knowledge of students about donating blood. The questionnaire is CADS-19, which was translated into Croatian according to the current rules for translation and adaptation. The research was conducted in March and April 2024. Results: All full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students of the Catholic University of Croatia were invited to participate in the research. A total of 314 students responded to the invitation. Almost all respondents (95,2 %) expressed their agreement with the statement about the need to donate blood, accordingly, the majority (80,6 %) are of the opinion that they will donate it in the future. The research participants demonstrated their knowledge about donating blood with more than 50 % correct answers in the knowledge test questionnaire. Conclusion: Adequate knowledge and positive attitudes towards blood donation are crucial in a person's decision to donate. Although students are sufficiently informed, according to the collected data, there are deficiencies. Educational campaigns are essential for creating an informed and engaged community. Additionally, raising awareness and developing positive attitudes among young people is of critical importance for establishing a stable base of donors and ensuring an adequate supply of blood in the healthcare system
Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in Children with Asthma: Cross-Sectional Study
No full textUvod: Duhanski dim, bogat brojnim štetnim kemikalijama, predstavlja ozbiljan javnozdravstveni problem s kojim se susrećemo širom svijeta. Osim što predstavlja direktnu i ozbiljnu prijetnju zdravlju samoga pušača, duhanski dim ima potencijalno razarajuće učinke na osobe izložene pasivnom pušenju, posebice u skupine djece s kroničnim bolestima. Poznato je da duhanski dim ima brojne štetne učinke u djece s astmom. Izloženost pasivnom pušenju djece povezana je s pojavom astme u djece; težinom bolesti, pogoršanjima bolesti, odgovorom na terapiju, kvalitetom života djece itd.
Ciljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati izloženost djece s astmom duhanskom dimu te percepciju roditelja o štetnosti duhanskog dima na zdravlje njihove djece.
Metode: Za potrebe ovog rada provelo se presječno istraživanje. Ispitanici su roditelji djece do 18. godine života koja imaju ili nemaju astmu, a provelo se u Dječjoj bolnici Srebrnjak. Podaci su se prikupljali putem anonimnog upitnika, koji su ispunjavali ispitanici. Upitnik je publiciran, preveden i dostupan te je dio EDIAQI (Evidence Driven Indoor Air Quality Improvement) projekta. Sudjelovanje je anonimno i dobrovoljno, a ispitanici su bili informirani o anonimnosti i cilju istraživanja.
Rezultati: Prema istraživanju, djeca s astmom su jednako izložena duhanskom dimu kao i njihovi zdravi vršnjaci. Također, rezultati ukazuju na to da su roditelji djece s astmom svjesniji povezanosti između izloženosti duhanskom dimu i pogoršanja zdravstvenog stanja njihove djece, što implicira da savjeti pedijatara mogu igrati ključnu ulogu u povećanju svijesti.
Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da su djeca s astmom izložena duhanskom dimu jednako kao i njihovi zdravi vršnjaci, unatoč svijesti roditelja o štetnosti pasivnog pušenja. Iako neki roditelji poduzimaju korake da smanje izloženost, rezultati sugeriraju potrebu za većom edukacijom i intervencijama. Pedijatri, medicinske sestre i tehničari, kao i drugi zdravstveni djelatnici trebaju igrati ključnu ulogu u savjetovanju roditelja o rizicima pušenja i izloženosti duhanskom dimu.Introduction: Tobacco smoke, rich in numerous harmful chemicals, represents a serious public health issue worldwide. Besides being a direct and serious threat to the smoker's health, tobacco smoke has potentially devastating effects on individuals exposed to secondhand smoke, especially among children with chronic diseases. It is well-known that tobacco smoke has numerous harmful effects on children with asthma. Children's exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with the onset of asthma; disease severity, exacerbations, response to therapy, quality of life, and more.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the exposure of children with asthma to tobacco smoke and the parents' perception of the harmfulness of tobacco smoke on their children's health.
Methods: For the purposes of this paper, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The respondents are parents of children up to 18 years of age, with or without asthma, and the study was conducted at the Children's Hospital Srebrnjak. Data were collected through an anonymous questionnaire, completed by the respondents. The questionnaire is published, translated, and available as part of the EDIAQI (Evidence Driven Indoor Air Quality Improvement) project. Participation was anonymous and voluntary, and the respondents were informed about the anonymity and the aim of the study.
Results: According to the study, children with asthma are equally exposed to tobacco smoke as their healthy peers. Additionally, the results indicate that parents of children with asthma are more aware of the connection between exposure to tobacco smoke and the worsening of their children's health, implying that pediatricians' advice can play a crucial role in raising awareness.
Conclusion: This study shows that children with asthma are exposed to tobacco smoke as much as their healthy peers, despite the parents' awareness of the harmfulness of passive smoking. Although some parents take steps to reduce exposure, the results suggest a need for greater education and interventions. Pediatricians, nurses, technicians, and other healthcare professionals need to play a key role in advising parents about the risks of smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke
The role and importance of self-empowerment of interpersonal communications skills in healthcare
No full textInterpersonalne komunikacijske vještine ključne su za izgradnju kvalitetnih međuljudskih odnosa, međusobnog uvažavanja i povjerenja te povezivanja s potrebama na različitim razinama u zdravstvenoj skrbi. Osvještavanje i samovrednovanje vlastitih komunikacijskih vještina pridonosi kvalitetnoj komunikaciji, bilo da je riječ o verbalnoj ili neverbalnoj razini kao i različitim razinama aktivnoga slušanja i uspostavljanja osobnih granica.
Komunikacija je u zdravstvenoj skrbi slojevita i razumijevanje svih dionika važno je za postizanje kvalitetnoga odnosa između zdravstvenih djelatnika, pacijenata i obitelji pacijenta osobito u području prihvaćanja međusobnih različitosti u komunikacijskim obrascima. Kvalitetna i jasna interpersonalna komunikacija te izražavanje empatije u zdravstvu može pomoći postizanju zadovoljstva pacijenata, pa čak i ishoda, osobito u situacijama u kojima su stresori visoki.
U radu će se sustavnim pregledom znanstvene literature prikazati uloga i važnost interpersonalnih komunikacijskih vještina s osobitim naglaskom na njihovo samoosnaživanje u području zdravstvene skrbi. Cilj rada je uz sustavan pregled prikazati i razine komunikacijskoga djelovanja kroz samovrednovanje i tehnike samoosnaživanja komunikacijskih vještina.
Znanstveni doprinos ovoga diplomskog rada ogleda se u sustavnijem razumijevanju važnosti samoosnaživanja komunikacijskih vještina u zdravstvenoj skrbi.Interpersonal communication skills are crucial for building quality interpersonal relationships, mutual respect and trust, and connecting with needs at different levels in health care. Awareness and self-evaluation of one's own communication skills contributes to quality communication, whether it is verbal or non-verbal, as well as different levels of active listening and establishing personal boundaries.
Communication in health care is layered and the understanding of all stakeholders is important for achieving quality relationships between health professionals, patients and the patient's family, especially in the area of acceptance of mutual differences in communication patterns. Quality and clear interpersonal communication and the expression of empathy in healthcare can help achieve patient satisfaction and even outcomes, especially in situations where stressors are high.
The paper will show the role and importance of interpersonal communication skills with a special emphasis on their self-empowerment in the field of health care through a systematic review of scientific literature. The aim of the work is to show the levels of communication activity through self-evaluation and techniques of self-empowerment of communication skills in addition to a systematic review.
The scientific contribution of this thesis is reflected in a more systematic understanding of the importance of self-empowerment of communication skills in health care
The Effects of Expressive Writing on Working Memory, Stress and Mental Health in Students
No full textEkspresivno pisanje, odnosno pisanje o najdubljim mislima i osjećajima vezanim uz osobne traumatične događaje, pokazalo se kao obećavajuća tehnika za poboljšanje kognitivnih funkcija i smanjenje psiholoških tegoba poput stresa, anksioznosti i depresivnosti. S obzirom na sve veću prisutnost problema mentalnog zdravlja koji narušavaju kognitivne funkcije ključne za suočavanje s akademskim izazovima, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj ekspresivnog pisanja na radno pamćenje, stres, anksioznost i depresivnost studenata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 116 studenata (N = 104 žene), uključujući studente prijediplomskih (N = 83) i diplomskih studija (N = 33) Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta, s prosječnom dobi od M = 21,46 (SD = 2,27). Sudionici su nasumično raspoređeni u eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu grupu. Obje grupe su dnevno pisale 20 minuta tijekom 4 uzastopna dana. Eksperimentalna grupa je pisala o svojim mislima i osjećajima vezanim uz osobni traumatični ili uznemirujući događaj, dok je kontrolna grupa pisala o vlastitim dnevnim aktivnostima na činjeničan način, bez izražavanja emocija. Kapacitet radnog pamćenja, stres, anksioznost i depresivnost mjereni su prije intervencije pisanja, 4 dana i 5 tjedana nakon početka pisanja. Kapacitet radnog pamćenja mjeren je pomoću automatizirane verzije Zadatka raspona operacija (AOSPAN), a stres, anksioznost i depresivnost pomoću skraćene Skale depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21). Rezultati su pokazali da su i sudionici koji su pisali ekspresivno i koji su pisali bez emocija izvijestili o smanjenju izraženosti anksioznosti, stresa i depresivnosti te im je izmjeren veći kapaciteta radnog pamćenja 5 tjedana nakon pisanja. Također, sudionici obje grupe izvijestili su o smanjenju izraženosti anksioznosti te im je izmjeren povećani kapacitet radnog pamćenja 4 dana nakon pisanja. Međutim, isto nije utvrđeno za izraženost stresa i depresivnosti 4 dana nakon pisanja. Nadalje, ekspresivno pisanje pokazalo je značajniji pozitivan utjecaj na smanjenje izraženosti depresivnosti 5 tjedana nakon pisanja, u odnosu na grupu koja je pisala bez emocija. Ovi nalazi sugeriraju da su i ekspresivno pisanje i pisanje bez emocija doveli do značajnog smanjenja simptoma stresa, anksioznosti i depresivnosti, kao i povećanja kapaciteta radnog pamćenja. Međutim, ekspresivno pisanje pokazalo se učinkovitijim od pisanja bez emocija u dugotrajnom smanjenju simptoma depresivnosti.Expressive writing, which involves reflecting on one's deepest thoughts and feelings about personal traumatic experiences, has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing cognitive functions and alleviating psychological issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Given the increasing prevalence of mental health challenges that impair cognitive functions crucial for managing academic demands, this study aimed to examine the effects of expressive writing on working memory, stress, anxiety, and depression among students. The study included 116 participants (N = 104 female), consisting of both undergraduate (N = 83) and graduate students (N = 33) from the Catholic University of Croatia, with an average age of M = 21,46 (SD = 2,27). Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Both groups engaged in writing for 20 minutes daily over a period of 4 consecutive days. The experimental group wrote about their thoughts and emotions related to a personal traumatic or distressing event, while the control group wrote about their daily activities in a neutral, factual manner. Working memory, stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed before the writing intervention, 4 days after it started, and 5 weeks later. Working memory was measured using an automated version of the Operation Span Task (AOSPAN), and stress, anxiety, and depression were evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results indicated that both participants who engaged in expressive writing and those who wrote without emotion reported reductions in anxiety, stress, and depression, as well as an increase in working memory capacity five weeks after the writing intervention. Participants in both groups also reported decreased anxiety and increased working memory capacity four days after writing. However, no significant reductions in stress and depression were observed at the four-day follow-up. Additionally, expressive writing showed a more significant positive effect on reducing depressive symptoms five weeks after the intervention compared to writing without emotion. These findings suggest that both expressive writing and writing without emotion resulted in significant reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improvements in working memory capacity. However, expressive writing proved to be more effective in the long-term reduction of depressive symptoms
Knowledge and Attitudes of Students at the Catholic University of Croatia About Organ Donation: Cross-sectional Study
No full textUvod: Transplantacija i doniranje organa važni su medicinski postupci koji predstavljaju vrhunac moderne medicine. Doniranje organa je čin kojim pojedinac daje jedan ili više svojih organa, često nakon smrti, ali i za života, kako bi pomogao drugima u potrebi. Edukacija i podizanje svijesti javnosti o važnosti doniranja organa su ključni za povećanje broja donora i spašavanje života. Znanje i stavovi budućih zdravstvenih profesionalaca o transplantaciji i donorstvu organa su posebno važni, jer upravo oni svojim aktivnim djelovanjem mogu doprinijeti podizanju svijesti javnosti o ovoj temi, čime se može utjecati na povećanje broja donora i transplantiranih osoba u populaciji.
Cilj: Ispitati znanje i stavove studenata prijediplomskog i diplomskog studija sestrinstva i studija medicine na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu o transplantaciji i doniranju organa.
Metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 188 studenata prijediplomskog i diplomskog studija sestrinstva i studija medicine Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta. Znanje i stavovi studenata o doniranju organa ispitani su online validiranim upitnikom „Stavovi o transplantaciji i eksplantaciji organa“, upitnik se sastoji od 3 zasebne čestice.
Rezultati: Nije pronađena značajna razlika u znanju o doniranju organa između studenata medicine i studenata sestrinstva. Studentice imaju statistički značajno pozitivnije stavove prema doniranju organa u odnosu na studente (t= 4,25, p<0,001). Studenti medicine i sestrinstva imaju pozitivno usmjerene stavove prema doniranju organa, ali značajna statistička razlika je uočena vezana uz religijsko-etičku domenu njihovih stavova, u kojem studenti sestrinstva imaju povoljniji stav prema doniranju organa u odnosu na studente medicine (t= 4,19, p=0,003). Studenti koji se izjašnjavaju kao vjernici imaju manje povoljan stav prema vjerskim tvrdnjama od Agnostika/ateista, koji se u potpunosti slažu s istim tvrdnjama (t= 4,50, p= 0,004).
Zaključak: Studenti su svjesni osnovnih pojmova i postupaka vezanih uz doniranje organa. Stavovi prema doniranju organa većinom su pozitivni, prepoznajući važnost i značaj u spašavanju života. Većina ispitanika smatra doniranje organa kao čin altruizma i ljubavi prema bližnjima, ali i dalje ostaje potreba za dodanom edukacijom. Edukacija bi trebala uključivati medicinske, pravne i etičke domene te promicati pozitivan stav prema doniranju. Iako studenti Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta generalno imaju pozitivan stav prema doniranju organa, postoji prostor za unaprjeđenje znanja i bolje informiranje kako bi se osigurala veća spremnost na doniranje i razumijevanje svih relativnih domena.Introduction: Transplantation and organ donation are important medical procedures that represent the pinnacle of modern medicine, organ donation is an act by which an individual gives one or more of his organs, often after death, but also during his lifetime to help others in need. Education and raising public awareness of the importance of organ donation are key to increasing the number of donors and saving more lives, the knowledge and attitudes of future health professionals about transplantation and organ donation are particularly important, because they can contribute to raising public awareness of this topic through their active activities. which can influence the increase in the number of donors and transplanted persons in the population.
Objective: To examine the knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate and graduate nursing and medical students at the Catholic University of Croatia about transplantatio and organ donation.
Methods: A total of 188 undergraduate and graduate nursing and medical students of the Catholic University of Croatia participated in the research. The knowledge and attitudes of students about organ donation were examined with an online survey that was used with the consent of the author, assistant professor of science, Nenad Karanović, MD.
Results: Examining the knowledge and attitudes of medical and nursing students of the Croatian Catholic University about organ donation found no significant difference in knowledge about organ donation between medical and nursing students. Female students have statistically significantly more positive attitudes towards organ donation compared to male students (t= 4.25, p=0.000). Medical and nursing students have positive attitudes towards organ donation, but a significant statistical difference was observed related to the religious- ethical aspect of their attitudes, in which nursing students have a more favorable attitude towards organ donation compared to medical students (t= 4.19, p= 0.003). Students who declare themselves as believers have a less favorable attitude towards religious statements than agnostics/atheists who fully agree with the same statements (t= 4.50, p= 0.004).
Conclusion: Students are aware of the basic terms and procedures related to organ donation. Attitudes towards organ donation are mostly positive, recognizing the importance and significance in saving lives. The majority of respondents see donating organs as an act of altruism and love for others, but there is still a need for additional education. Education should include medical, legal and ethical aspects and promote a positive attitude towards donation. Although the students of the Croatian Catholic University generally have a positive attitude towards organ donation, there is room for improvement of knowledge and better information in order to ensure greater willingness to donate and understanding of all relative aspects
Communications and Public Relations Analysis of Tourist Homesteads in Northern Croatia
No full textCilj ovoga rada je istražiti ulogu društvenih mreža i preporuka u stvaranju odnosa s javnošću turističkih seoskih gospodarstava u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. Rad se bavi razvojem turizma i prepoznavanjem novih trendova u kreiranju turističke ponude te stvaranjem odnosa s ciljanim javnostima u postizanju prepoznatljivosti turističke destinacije. Proučavajući društvene mreže turističkih seoskih gospodarstava koja geografski pripadaju sjevernoj Hrvatskoj, a u svojoj ponudi imaju vlastite proizvode, mogućnost smještaja i gastronomiju, nastojalo se donijeti primarne zaključke o upravljanju društvenim mrežama. Prije istraživanja postavljena su pitanja o ulozi društvenih mreža u radu turističkih seoskih gospodarstava te o važnosti preporuka u brendiranju destinacije. Razumijevanju teme pridonijeli su dubinski intervjui provedeni s vlasnicima i/ili osobama koje upravljaju društvenim mrežama turističkih seoskih gospodarstava. Rezultatima kvalitativnih istraživanja, analizom sadržaja i dubinskim intervjuima zaključeno je da se upravljanje društvenim mrežama koristi u svrhu informiranja posjetitelja i održavanja vidljivosti te da i dalje važnu ulogu imaju preporuke posjetitelja.This paper aims to investigate the role of social networks and recommendations in achieving public relations for rural tourism estates in northern Croatia. The paper addresses tourism development, identifying new trends in creating tourism offerings, and establishing relationships with target audiences to achieve recognition of the tourist destination. Primary conclusions about social network management were sought by studying the social networks of rural tourism estates geographically located in northern Croatia, which offer their own products, accommodation, and gastronomy. Before the research, questions were posed about the role of social networks in the work of rural tourism estates and the importance of recommendations in destination branding. Understanding of the topic was enhanced by in-depth interviews conducted with owners and/or individuals managing the social networks of rural tourism estates. The results of qualitative research, content analysis, and in-depth interviews concluded that social network management is used for informing visitors and maintaining visibility, and that visitor recommendations continue to play an important role
Analysis of Krleža's Trip to Hungary in 1947. An example of a memoir as a historical source.
No full textOvaj rad istražuje kvalitetu memoarskog oblika književnosti kao povijesnog izvora kroz
analizu memoara „Izlet u Mađarsku 1947.“ Miroslava Krleže. Krleža, istaknuta figura hrvatske
književnosti 20. stoljeća, kombinira književnost s političkim angažmanom u svojim
memoarima, pružajući subjektivni prikaz događaja kroz turbulentno razdoblje europske
povijesti. Rad se fokusira na teme memoara, koje obuhvaćaju Krležina iskustva i dojmove
tijekom putovanja u Mađarsku, kao i njegove mladenačke godine provedene u Pečuhu i na
Vojnoj Akademiji Ludoviceum, te njegov prvi bijeg u Beograd 1912. godine. Posebna pažnja
posvećena je Krležinom kritiziranju Mađara, Budimpešte, vojničke časti i militarizma. Kroz
analizu memoara, ovaj rad pruža uvid u različite aspekte historijskog i književnog konteksta
te ukazuje na važnost memoara kao izvora za proučavanje prošlosti.This paper explores the quality of the memoir as a literary form and historical source through
the analysis of Miroslav Krleža's memoir „Trip to Hungary 1947.“ Krleža, a prominent figure
in 20th-century Croatian literature, blends literature with political engagement in his memoirs,
providing a subjective portrayal of events through the turbulent period of European history.
The paper focuses on the themes of the memoir, which encompass Krleža's experiences and
impressions during his trip to Hungary, as well as his youthful years spent in Pécs and at the
Ludovica Military Academy, and his first escape to Belgrade in 1912. Special attention is given
to Krleža's criticism of Hungarians, Budapest, military honor, and militarism. Through the
analysis of the memoir, this paper offers insight into various aspects of historical and literary
context and underscores the importance of memoirs as sources for studying the past
The Influence of Football, and Especially of the Football Club Hajduk on the Socio-political Development of the Dalmatian Region in the Interwar Period (1918 - 1941)
No full textDalmacija nakon Prvog svjetskog rata doživljava brojne političke promjene i društvena i previranja. Takvu situaciju su potaknuli brojni faktori, a posebice strah od talijanske politike kojoj je pretenzija na većinu istočnojadranske obale bila glavni cilj vanjske politike. Također, Dalmacija se nakon mnogo stoljeća našla u zajedničkoj državi s ostalim hrvatskim, ali i „jugoslavenskim“ zemljama. Posljedično tomu u Dalmaciji, a posebno u Splitu, nastaju brojne političke opcije koje se međusobno sukobljavaju od nastanka Kraljevstva Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca sve do sloma „prve“ Jugoslavije. Paralelno s društveno-političkim previranjima u Dalmaciji raste interes za sportom, posebno za nogometom koji se profilirao u najpopularniji sport toga vremena. Primat u popularnosti među nogometnim klubovima imao je nogometni klub Hajduk, ali i ostali klubovi koji su osnivani kako na dalmatinskog obali tako i u dalmatinskom zaleđu. Od 1911. tj. od osnutka Hajduka, klub nije imao samo sportsku dimenziju, već je postao sinonim za lokal-patriotizam, pa se zbog popularnosti njegovo ime vezuje uz određene društvene, ali i političke promjene i procese. Isto tako se može reći i za nogometni klub Split izvorno imenovan Anarh, koji je od svog osnutka radnički i politički obojeni klub. Nogometni klubovi, njihovi djelatnici, navijači i simpatizeri bili su sastavni dio društveno-političkog razvoja Dalmacije međuratnog razdoblja.After the First World War, Dalmatia experienced numerous political changes and social upheavals. Many factors contributed to this situation, especially the fear of Italian politics, which aimed to assert control over the majority of the eastern Adriatic coast as a key goal of its foreign policy. Additionally, after many centuries, Dalmatia found itself in a joint state with other Croatian and "Yugoslav" territories. As a result, in Dalmatia, especially in Split, numerous political options emerged and clashed from the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes until the collapse of the "first" Yugoslavia. Alongside the socio-political upheavals in Dalmatia, there was a growing interest in sports, especially in football, which emerged as the most popular sport. The football club Hajduk held primacy in popularity among football clubs, but other clubs were also founded both on the Dalmatian coast and in the hinterland. Since its establishment in 1911, Hajduk has not only had a sports dimension but has become synonymous with local patriotism, with its name being associated with certain social and political factors due to its popularity. The same can be said for the football club Split, originally named Anarh, which has been a working-class and politically colored club since its inception. Football clubs, their staff, supporters, and sympathizers were an integral part of the socio-political development of Dalmatia in the interwar period
Comparative Analysis of Youth Unemployment in the Republic of Croatia and European Union Countries
No full textNezaposlenost mladih predstavlja jedan od najznačajnijih socioekonomskih izazova kako u Republici Hrvatskoj, tako i ostalim članicama Europske unije. Tranzicija iz sustava obrazovanja na tržište rada za mlade osobe predstavlja nove izazove i probleme u kojima se teško snalaze, a prilikom čega bi trebali imati potporu sustava, države i raznih drugih institucija. U kontekstu globalne ekonomije i integracije Republike Hrvatske u Europsku uniju, analiza nezaposlenosti mladih postaje ključnim područjem istraživanja koje može pružiti značajne uvide u kreiranje učinkovitih politika i mjera zapošljavanja mladih i suzbijanja nezaposlenosti mladih. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati i istražiti socioekonomske aspekte nezaposlenosti mladih osoba te neusklađenost tržišta rada i obrazovnog sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj i zemljama Europske unije. Kroz teorijsko-interpretativni okvir se obrazlažu sociološko-ekonomski aspekti nezaposlenosti mladih, kontekst tržišta rada te su prikazane mjere i programi Europske unije i Republike Hrvatske donesene u svrhu ublažavanja nezaposlenosti mladih osoba. Srž ovog rada čini istraživanje o percepciji i stavovima mladih o nezaposlenosti te komparativna analiza nezaposlenosti mladih u Hrvatskoj i ostalim odabranim zemljama Europske unije na temelju podataka Eurostata. Anketni upitnik se nadovezuje na analizu sekundarnih podataka te je kombinacijom ove dvije metode pružen detaljan pregled nezaposlenosti mladih osoba, kako u Republici Hrvatskoj, tako i u zemljama Europske unije. Na temelju postojećih podataka, ali i novih podataka koji su dobiveni u ovome radu, pruža se novo shvaćanje problematike nezaposlenosti mladih čime ovaj rad može poslužiti za daljnja istraživanja nezaposlenosti mladih, kao i pomoć pri kreiranju politika i mjera poticanja zapošljavanja mladih te suzbijanja nezaposlenosti.Youth unemployment represents one of the most significant socio-economic challenges both in the Republic of Croatia and in the other members of the European Union. The transition from the education system to the labor market for young people presents new challenges and problems in which they find it difficult to navigate, and during which they should have the support of the system, the state and various other institutions. In the context of the global economy and the integration of the Republic of Croatia into the European Union, the analysis of youth unemployment becomes a key area of research that can provide significant insights into the creation of effective youth employment policies and measures and the suppression of youth unemployment. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and investigate the socioeconomic aspects of youth unemployment and the mismatch between the labor market and the education system in the Republic of Croatia and the countries of the European Union. The sociological-economic aspects of youth unemployment, the context of the labor market are explained through a theoretical-interpretive framework, and the measures and programs of the European Union and the Republic of Croatia adopted for the purpose of alleviating youth unemployment are presented. The core of this work is research on the perception and attitudes of young people about unemployment and a comparative analysis of youth unemployment in Croatia and other selected countries of the European Union based on Eurostat data. The survey questionnaire is followed up on the analysis of secondary data, and by combining these two methods, a detailed overview of unemployment among young people, both in the Republic of Croatia and in the countries of the European Union, was provided. Based on existing data, as well as new data obtained in this work, a new understanding of the problem of youth unemployment is provided, so this work can be used for further research on youth unemployment, as well as help in creating policies and measures to encourage youth employment and combat unemployment
Attitudes and Knowledge Of Nurses in the Republic of Croatia About Managing Hypoglycemia: a Cross-Sectional Study
No full textUvod: Hipoglikemija je jedna od akutnih komplikacija šećerne bolesti povezanih s terapijom za snižavanje glukoze kao što su inzulin ili sulfonilureja. Hipoglikemija se definira kao niska razina glukoze u krvi (ispod 4 mmol/L),a razlikujemo blagu, tešku i relativnu hipoglikemiju. Medicinska sestra/tehničar je član multidisciplinarnog tima koji s liječnicima i ostalim osobljem sudjeluje u zbrinjavanju pacijenata i zato mora posjedovati određeno znanje i vještine kako bi što bolje prepoznali i zbrinuli epizodu hipoglikemije. U ovom istraživanju ispituje se znanje i stavovi medicinskih sestara/tehničara u Republici Hrvatskoj. S obzirom da do sada nije provedeno istraživanje na ovu temu u Republici Hrvatskoj, a broj oboljelih od šećerne bolesti se povećava, potrebno je da medicinske sestre/tehničari znaju pravovremeno reagirati i zbrinuti epizodu hipoglikemije kao hitnog stanja.
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog rada je ispitati stavove i znanje medicinskih sestara/tehničara o zbrinjavanju hipoglikemije u Republici Hrvatskoj te postoji li razlika s obzirom na razinu obrazovanja i radno iskustvo.
Metode: Provedeno je opažajno presječno istraživanje, a ispitanici su bili medicinske sestre/ tehničari u Republici Hrvatskoj. Podatci su prikupljeni putem online ankete koja je prilagođena za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada. Istraživanje je provedeno od studenog do prosinca 2024.godine. Podatci su se prikupljali pomoću anketnog upitnika „Questionnaire for nursing staff on inpatient hypoglycaemic (low blood glucose) management“ koji je preuzet iz članka koji su objavili C. Jones i J. Ndebu te upitnika iz članka „Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Providers in the Philippine General Hospital towards In-Patient Hypoglycemia and its Management“ kojeg su objavili Isnani S-LJ, Macalalad-Josue A i Jimeno CA. Upitnici su prilagođeni za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada.
Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 317 ispitanika od čega su 256 (80,76%) osobe ženskog spola i 61 (19,24%) osoba muškog spola. Rezultati ispitivanja ukazuju na činjenicu da značajan broj ispitanika ima zadovoljavajuće znanje u području postupaka za zbrinjavanje hipoglikemije (89,91% ispitanika ima barem 50% točnih odgovora), dok većina ispitanika ima povoljne stavove o zbrinjavanju hipoglikemije (IQR=3,67).Stavovi medicinskih sestara/ tehničara o zbrinjavanju hipoglikemije su ispitani upotrebom 6 pitanja, te je na bodovnoj skali u rasponu od 1 do 5 bodova utvrđena srednja razina stava medicinskih sestara/ tehničara o zbrinjavanju hipoglikemije je 3,67 (IQR=2,83-3,83). Među ispitanim prvostupnicama najveći broj su ostvarili rezultat na upitniku za procjenu znanja veći od 50% (n=144; 99,31%), dok je tek jedna ispitanica ostvarila rezultat manji od 50%, te je ispitivanjem utvrđeno da statistički značajna većina medicinskih sestara/tehničara postiže rezultat veći od 50% (χ2=141,03; P<0,001).
Zaključak: Utvrđeno je da medicinske sestre/tehničari u Republici Hrvatskoj posjeduju vrlo dobro znanje o zbrinjavanju hipoglikemije, pri čemu se bolje snalaze u situacijskim pitanjima nego u teorijskim. Također je utvrđeno da prvostupnice i magistre sestrinstva imaju pozitivniji stav prema zbrinjavanju hipoglikemije u odnosu na medicinske sestre sa srednjom stručnom spremom. Analiza podataka sugerira da medicinske sestre/tehničari u Hrvatskoj posjeduju izraženije kliničko znanje i vještine u odnosu na teorijsko znanje što nam daje uvid u potrebu izmjene obrazovanja ovog kadra.Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the acute complications of diabetes associated with glucose-lowering therapies such as insulin or sulfonylurea. Hypoglycemia is defined as a low blood glucose level (below 4 mmol/L), and it can be classified as mild, severe, or relative hypoglycemia. Nurses are members of a multidisciplinary team who, along with doctors and other staff, participate in patient care and therefore must possess specific knowledge and skills to better recognize and manage hypoglycemic episodes. This study examines the knowledge and attitudes of nurses/technicians in the Republic of Croatia. Since no research on this topic has been conducted in the Republic of Croatia so far, and the number of people with diabetes is increasing, it is essential for nurses/technicians to know how to respond promptly and manage a hypoglycemic episode as an emergency situation. Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the attitudes and knowledge of nurses about the management of hypoglycemia in the Republic of Croatia and whether there is a difference with regard to the level of education and work experience. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted, and the respondents were nurses/technicians in the Republic of Croatia. The data was collected through an online survey that was adapted for the needs of this thesis. The research was conducted from November to December 2024. Data were collected using the survey questionnaire "Questionnaire for nursing staff on inpatient hypoglycaemic (low blood glucose) management," which was taken from the article published by C. Jones and J. Ndebu, and the questionnaire from the article "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Providers in the Philippine General Hospital towards In-Patient Hypoglycemia and its Management," published by Isnani S-LJ, Macalalad-Josue A, and Jimeno CA. The questionnaires were adapted for the purposes of this thesis. Results:The study included 317 respondents, of which 256 (80.76%) were female and 61 (19.24%) were male. The results indicate that a significant number of respondents have satisfactory knowledge in the area of hypoglycemia management procedures (89.91% of respondents have at least 50% correct answers), while the majority of respondents have favorable attitudes towards hypoglycemia management (IQR=3.67). The attitudes of nurses/technicians towards hypoglycemia management were assessed using 6 questions, and on a scoring scale ranging from 1 to 5 points, the median attitude score of nurses/technicians towards hypoglycemia management was 3.67 (IQR=2.83-3.83). Among the respondents with bachelor's degrees, the majority achieved a score of more than 50% on the knowledge assessment questionnaire (n=144; 99.31%), with only one respondent scoring less than 50%. The examination established that a statistically significant majority of nurses/technicians scored more than 50% (χ2=141.03; P<0.001). Conclusion: It has been found that nurses/technicians in Croatia possess very good knowledge of hypoglycemia management, excelling particularly in situational questions rather than theoretical ones. Additionally, it has been determined that bachelor's and master's degree holders in nursing exhibit a more positive attitude towards hypoglycemia management compared to nurses with a secondary level of education. Data analysis suggests that nurses/technicians in Croatia have more pronounced clinical knowledge and skills compared to theoretical knowledge, which gives us insight into the need to change the education of this staff