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Primary prevention in hospitals in 20 high-income countries in Europe – A case of not “Making Every Contact Count”?
No full textThis article provides a snapshot of primary prevention activities in hospitals in 20 European high-income countries, based on inputs from experts of the Observatory's Health Systems and Policies Monitor (HSPM) network using a structured questionnaire. We found that in the vast majority of countries (15), there are no systematic national policies on primary prevention in hospitals. Five countries (Cyprus, Finland, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom) reported systematic primary prevention activities in hospitals, although in one of them (Cyprus) this was due to the fact that small hospitals in rural areas or less populated districts host providers of primary care. In two of the five countries with systematic national policies on primary prevention, there are no incentives (financial or otherwise) to provide these interventions. The remaining three countries (Finland, Romania and the United Kingdom) report the existence of incentives, but only two of them (Romania and the United Kingdom) provide financial incentives in the form of additional funding. Only two of the 20 countries (Ireland and the United Kingdom) make explicit use of the Making Every Contact Count (MECC) approach. Overall, it can be concluded that there is little focus on primary prevention in hospitals in Europe, which may be seen as a missed opportunity
Enhancing automatically designed relocation rules with the rollout algorithm
No full textThe container relocation problem (CRP) is a complex optimisation problem in maritime transport. To solve this problem, heuristic approaches are often used, ranging from relocation rules (RRs) to metaheuristics. Although metaheuristics outperform RRs, the latter remain popular due to their simplicity and adaptability. The manual design of RRs is challenging, which is why genetic programming (GP) is used to automatically generate them. However, RRs generated by GP generally achieved inferior solutions compared to metaheuristics. To close this gap, this study applies the rollout method to improve the performance of RRs while maintaining reasonable execution times. The rollout algorithm strikes a balance between exhaustive and heuristic search by combining partial enumeration with RR-based decision evaluation. Although the rollout method improves the quality of the solution, it also leads to considerable computational cost. To solve this problem, three strategies for reducing the search space are proposed. Experimental results show that the rollout algorithm significantly improves solution quality compared to standard RRs, with the proposed search space reduction techniques effectively reducing execution time without compromising performance. In particular, the results show that the rollout algorithm can be executed 2 to 4 times faster using the proposed reduction techniques, while its performance is reduced only by 1%
European funds allocation procedure
No full textTema ovog završnog rada su procedure dodjele sredstva iz europskih fondova. U uvodu se navode osnovne informacije, kao što su izvori financiranja proračuna Europske unije, koji financira fondove, vrste sredstava, modeli upravljanja, kao i najčešći profili korisnika tih sredstava te programi pomoći za VFO 2021.-2027. Opširno se obrađuju procedure prilikom sklapanja ugovora o nabavi usluga, roba i radova, zajedno za vrijednosnim pragovima, te dodjele bespovratnih sredstava. Obrađuju se i pravila, kao i načela, kojih se treba pridržavati prilikom dodjele sredstava iz EU fondova, kriteriji odabira i kriteriji dodjele, oblici sukoba interesa do kojih može doći tijekom procedure, restriktivne mjere Europske unije te kriteriji isključenja iz sudjelovanja u procedurama.The topic of this paper are the procedures for awarding resources from European funds. The introduction provides basic information, such as the sources for the budget of the European Union, which finances the funds, types of funds, management models, as well as the most common profiles of beneficiaries of these funds and aid programs for the MFF 2021-2027. The procedures for concluding contracts for the procurement of services, supplies and works, together with their respective value thresholds, and the award of grants are discussed in detail. The rules and principles that must be adhered to when awarding resources from EU funds, selection criteria and award criteria, forms of conflict of interest that may arise during the procedure, restrictive measures of the European Union and criteria for exclusion from participation in the procedures are also discusse
Basal levels of corticosterone in the serum of sympatric populations of the lizards Podarcis siculus and Podarcis melisellensis
No full textZidne gušterice roda Podarcis prevladavajuća su skupina gmazova u južnoj Europi. Sve više istraživanja bavi se odnosom između dvije nativne vrste istočnog Jadrana, Podarcis siculus i Podarcis melisellensis, a do sad se P. siculus u brojnim terenskim i eksperimentalnim istraživanjima pokazala superiornijom i dominantnijom u odnosu na endemičnu P. melisellensis. Kortikosteron, poznat kao hormon stresa, može imati značajan doprinos u odnosu ove dvije vrste, s obzirom na to da su zabilježene njegove uloge u agresivnosti, dominaciji i modulaciji brojnih fizioloških odgovora. Upravo radi toga, u svrhu boljeg razumijevanja biološke prednosti vrste P. siculus nad endemičnom P. melisellensis, glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je otkriti postoji li razlika u bazalnoj razini kortikosterona u serumu dviju vrsta gušterica s područja Sinja i Knina. Optimiziranom metodom ELISA utvrđena je značajno veća razina kortikosterona u serumu P. siculus, no nije uočena značajna razlika u razinama hormona među spolovima niti različitim lokacijama. Zaključili smo kako je razina bazalnog kortikosterona vrsno specifična i vjerojatno povezana s agresivnijim ponašanjem, a potencijalno i s nizom boljih fizioloških prilagodbi, koji potpomažu kompetitivnom isključivanju fiziološki manje adaptivne P. melisellensis.Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis are a predominant group of reptiles in southern Europe. Increasing research focuses on the relationship between two native species of the eastern Adriatic, Podarcis siculus and Podarcis melisellensis. To date, P. siculus is superior and more dominant than the endemic P. melisellensis in numerous field and experimental studies. Corticosterone, known as the stress hormone, can have a significant contribution to the relationship between these two species, given its role in aggressiveness, dominance and modulation of numerous physiological responses. To better understand the biological advantage of P. siculus over the endemic P. melisellensis, the primary aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in basal corticosterone levels in the serum of the two lizard species from the Sinj and Knin regions. Using an optimized ELISA method, significantly higher corticosterone levels were observed in P. siculus while no significant differences in hormone levels were observed between the sexes or locations. We concluded that basal corticosterone levels were species-specific and probably associated with more aggressive behavior and potentially with a series of superior physiological adaptations, which support the competitive exclusion of the physiologically less adaptive P. melisellensis
Assessment of the impact of electromobility on road traffic emissions in the Republic of Croatia
No full textU ovom radu napravljen je pregled problema klimatskih promjena, s naglaskom na emisije
stakleničkih plinova. Sektor prometa jedan je od najznačajnijih izvora emisija stakleničkih
plinova, a posebno je značajan cestovni promet. Dominantan izvor emisija u cestovnom pometu
upravo su osobna vozila. Napravljen je kratak pregled vrsta emisija osobnih vozila te modela
koji se koriste za procjenu emisija. Nastavljeno je pregledom flote vozila u Republici Hrvatskoj
koji se koristi kao izvor podataka za prognostički model. Izrađen je model koji predviđa rast
broj osobnih vozila u Republici Hrvatskoj do 2028. godine kada se dostiže prosjek osobnih
vozila na 1 000 stanovnika Europske unije, a zatim su napravljeni scenariji obnove flote. Tri
scenarija predviđaju kretanje broja vozila s baterijskim električnim i hibridnim pogonom te
njihov utjecaj na emisije stakleničkih plinova u Republici Hrvatskoj.This paper provides an overview of the issue of climate change, with a focus on greenhouse gas
emissions. The transport sector is one of the most significant sources of greenhouse gas
emissions, with road transport being particularly prominent. The dominant source of emissions
in road transport is passenger vehicles. A brief overview is given of the types of emissions from
passenger vehicles and the models used to estimate these emissions. The paper continues with
an overview of the vehicle fleet in the Republic of Croatia, which serves as the data source for
the forecasting model. A model has been developed to predict the growth of the number of
passenger vehicles in the Republic of Croatia until 2028, when the average number of passenger
vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants of the European Union is expected to be reached. Following this,
vehicle fleet renewal scenarios are presented. Three scenarios predict the trends in the number
of battery electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as their impact on greenhouse gas emissions in
the Republic of Croatia
Mental health of healthcare professionals in pediatric oncology and hematology
No full textDugotrajno i intenzivno suosjećanje s pacijentima može dovesti do zamora suosjećanja i psihičkih smetnji zdravstvenih djelatnika. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost profesionalne kvalitete života, samosuosjećanja i psihičkih smetnji zdravstvenih djelatnika na pedijatrijskoj onkologiji i hematologiji. U istraživanju provedenom online anketnim upitnikom sudjelovalo je 60 zdravstvenih djelatnika spomenutog odjela, predstavljajući odaziv od 54 % populacije u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati su pokazali da zdravstveni djelatnici imaju umjerene razine sekundarnog traumatskog stresa (STS), sagorijevanja i samosuosjećanja, umjereno do visoko zadovoljstvo suosjećanjem te izraženosti psihičkih smetnji slične općoj populaciji, osim anksioznosti koju doživljavaju češće od opće populacije. S manje izraženim psihičkim smetnjama povezani su veće zadovoljstvo suosjećanjem te niže sagorijevanje i STS. Veće samosuosjećanje je povezano s nižim sagorijevanjem i STS-om, s većim zadovoljstvom suosjećanjem i s manje psihičkih smetnji. Dob sudionika nije povezana s domenama profesionalne kvalitete života, a dulji ukupni radni staž i radni staž na odjelu su povezani s višim STS-om. Pokazalo se da većina zdravstvenih djelatnika nema dostupnu profesionalnu psihološku podršku na radnom mjestu te da većina njih ima potrebu za njom. Provedeno istraživanje pruža važne teorijske doprinose u istraživanju psiholoških posljedica rada s djecom s malignim bolestima, kao i praktične smjernice za očuvanje psihološke dobrobiti zdravstvenih djelatnika.Prolonged and intense compassion for patients can lead to compassion fatigue and mental health problems in healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among professional quality of life, self-compassion and mental health problems of healthcare professionals in pediatric hemato-oncology. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire and involved 60 healthcare professionals in pediatric hemato-oncology, representing a response rate of 54 % of the population in Croatia. The results showed that healthcare professionals have moderate levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout and self-compassion, moderate to high compassion satisfaction and mental health problems like the general population, except for anxiety, which they experience more often than the general population. Less severe mental health problems are associated with higher compassion satisfaction and with lower burnout and STS. Higher self-compassion is associated with lower burnout and STS, higher compassion satisfaction and less severe mental health problems. The participant’s age is not related to professional quality of life, and longer total work experience and work experience in the department are associated with higher STS. Results show that most healthcare professionals do not have access to professional psychological support in the workplace and that most of them have the need for it. This study provides important theoretical contributions in the research on psychological consequences of working with children with malignant diseases, as well as practical guidelines for preserving the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals
The importance of environmentally sustainable practices in hotel industry
No full textZbog sve veće svijesti o negativnim utjecajima turističke industrije na okoliš, ekološki prihvatljive prakse postale su ključan element održivog razvoja u ugostiteljstvu. Implementacija zelenih strategija ne samo da doprinosi očuvanju prirodnih resursa i smanjenju ekološkog otiska, već pozitivno utječe i na imidž ugostiteljskih objekata te njihovu konkurentnost na tržištu. Gosti sve više preferiraju smještajne objekte koji posluju u skladu s načelima održivosti, što hotele dodatno potiče na prilagodbu svojim ekološkim odgovornostima. Zbog sve veće važnosti održivog pristupa razvoju sustava turizma, istraživanje u ovom radu provedeno je s ciljem utvrđivanja ekološki prihvatljivih praksi koje primjenjuju hoteli, kao važan dio ugostiteljske ponude u turizmu. U primarnom dijelu istraživanja proveden je anketni upitnik na uzorku od 52 hotela u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. Također, u analizi primjene ekoloških praksi provedeni su dubinski intervjui u kojima su sudjelovali menadžeri hotela koji su u svom poslovanju implementirali eko-certifikat. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na umjereni stupanj primjene ekološki prihvatljivih praksi iz područja ekološkog dizajna u hotelskoj arhitekturi, održivog upravljanja vodnim resursima, energijom i otpadom, ali i održivog upravljanja hranom i pićem te nabavkom ekoloških proizvoda i potrošnih materijala. Također je ustanovljeno kako hotele na implementaciju održivih upravljačkih rješenja u vidu eko certifikata najčešće motivira ušteda u operativnim troškovima, dok su najveće prepreke njihovom usvajaju visoki troškovi implementacije, ali istodobno još uvijek i nedostatak znanja i informacija o mogućnostima primjene ekološki prihvatljivih praksi.Due to the growing awareness of the negative impacts of the tourism industry on the environment, environmentally friendly practices have become a key element of sustainable development in the hospitality sector. The implementation of green strategies not only contributes to the preservation of natural resources and the reduction of ecological footprints but also positively affects the image of hospitality establishments and their competitiveness in the market. Guests increasingly prefer accommodation facilities that operate in accordance with sustainability principles, further encouraging hotels to adapt to their environmental responsibilities. Given the increasing importance of a sustainable approach to the development of the tourism system, this study was conducted to identify environmentally friendly practices implemented by hotels as an essential part of the hospitality sector in tourism. In the primary research phase, a survey questionnaire was conducted on a sample of 52 hotels in the Split-Dalmatia County. Additionally, in the analysis of the implementation of ecological practices, in-depth interviews were conducted with hotel managers who have integrated eco-certification into their business operations. The research results indicate a moderate level of application of environmentally friendly practices in the areas of ecological design in hotel architecture, sustainable management of water resources, energy, and waste, as well as sustainable food and beverage management and the procurement of ecological products and consumables. It was also found that the primary motivation for hotels to implement sustainable management solutions in the form of eco-certificates is cost savings in operational expenses. However, the biggest obstacles to their adoption remain the high costs of implementation, as well as the ongoing lack of knowledge and information about the possibilities of applying environmentally friendly practices
Integration of artificial intelligence in Web application
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati mogućnosti i načine integracije umjetne
inteligencije u Web aplikacije. Rad se bavi opisom Web aplikacija kao i opisom
programskog okvira NextJS za razvoj full-stack Web aplikacija te programskog jezika
TypeScript koji omogućuje veću sigurnost i skalabilnost programskog koda.
Poseban naglasak stavlja se na opise i usporedbe različite vrsta najpoznatijih
modela umjetne inteligencije zajedno sa njihovim prednostima i nedostacima. U sklopu
ovog rada bit će razvijen praktičan primjer na temu Web aplikacije za praćenje troškova
kroz koji će biti kompletno opisana implementacija nekoliko vrsta modela umjetne
inteligencije. Svrha umjetne inteligencije u aplikaciji bit će unapređenje korisničkog iskustva
te pomoć pri kategorizaciji, predikciji te analizi troškova.
Cilj rada je pokazati kako umjetna inteligencija u Web aplikacija može pružiti
dodatnu vrijednost korisnicima te poboljšati korisničko iskustvo
The profitability of establishing olive groves in the Benkovac municipality
No full textTijekom izrade ovog diplomskog rada analizirala se ekonomska isplativost podizanja nasada maslinika na području općine Benkovac, u mjestu Bulić, na površini od 8 hektara. Kako područje općine Benkovac ima veliki potencijal za sadnju maslina, prije pokretanja proizvodnje nužno je bilo istražiti tehnologiju proizvodnje i potencijalne načine financiranja koje bi bile najisplativije za poljoprivrednika. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka izrađena je kalkulacija proizvodnje maslina i izračunati pokazatelji isplativosti podizanja maslinika. Rezultati pokazuju da je projekt ekonomski isplativ i da je optimalan način financiranja kombinacija vlastitih sredstava i sredstava iz Programa ruralnog razvoja – Intervencija 73.10 – Potpora za ulaganja u primarnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju.During the preparation of this thesis, the economic viability of establishing olive orchard in the area of the Benkovac, specifically in the village of Bulić, on an area of 8 hectares, was analyzed. Since the Benkovac municipality area has great potential for olive cultivation, before starting production it was necessary to examine the production technology and possible financing methods that would be most cost-effective for farmers. Based on the collected data, a calculation of olive production was made and indicator of the profitability of establishing olive orchard was determined. The results show that the project is economically viable and that the optimal way of financing is combination of own funds and funds from the Rural Development Program – Intervention 73.10 - Support for investments in primary agricultural production
Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 treated in tertiary center
No full textSindrom multiple endokrine neoplazije tip 2 (MEN2) rijetka je autosomno dominatno nasljedna bolest koja je uzrokovana mutacijom RET protoonkogena. Obuhvaća tri klinički prepoznatljiva podtipa: sindrom MEN2a, MEN2b i familijarni medularni karcinom štitnjače (FMTC). Glavne manifestacije ove bolesti su medularni karcinom štitnjače (MTC) i feokromocitom, dok je primarni hiperparatireoidizam (PHPT) prisutan isključivo u sindromu MEN2a. Neendokrine manifestacije, poput marfanoidnog habitusa i mukoznih ganglioneuroma, obilježja su MEN2b sindroma. Cilj rada je analizirati kliničke karakteristike i načine liječenja pacijenata sa sindromom MEN2. Podaci su prikupljeni iz medicinske dokumentacije pohranjene u bolničkom informacijskom sustavu, a za njihovu obradu korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike. U analizu je uključeno ukupno 13 pacijenata. 6 pacijenata je muškog spola (46,15%), a 7 pacijenata je ženskog spola (53,85%). Ukupna prosječna dob ispitanika iznosi 54 SD ± 19,41, s medijanom dobi od 56 godina. Prosječna duljina praćenja pacijenata iznosila je 25 SD ± 14,95 godina s medijanom od 21 godine. U 12 pacijenata potvrđen je MEN2a sindrom, a u samo jednog pacijenta MEN2b sindrom. MTC je bio prisutan u 92,31%, feokromocitom u 38,46%, a PHPT u 15,38% pacijenata. Mukokutani ganglioneuromi nađeni su kod jednog pacijenta. MTC je bio uznapredovao u 7 pacijenata (54%), a u 6 pacijenata (46%) bio je ograničen na štitnjaču. Tireoidektomija je provedena u svih pacijenata. Prosječna dob pri zahvatu iznosila je 27 godina, s medijanom od 20 godina. Ostale primijenjene terapijske metode uključuju adrenalektomiju, disekciju vrata i primjenu radioaktivnog joda. U 6 pacijenata uočeni su znakovi metastatske bolesti nakon provedenog liječenja. Genetska analiza provedena je u svih pacijenata i potvrđena je mutacija RET protoonkogena. Najčešća vrsta mutacije bila je u kodonu 634, supstitucija jedne aminokiseline drugom, a potvrđena je u 6 pacijenata. Kod 6 pacijenata postojala je pozitivna obiteljska anamneza na MEN2 sindrom. Od ukupno 13 pacijenata, 12 je preživjelo, a jedan pacijent preminuo je zbog metastatske bolesti 27 godina nakon totalne tireoidektomije. Postoji potreba za istraživanjima na većem broju pacijenata u Republici Hrvatskoj i posljedičnom unaprjeđenju dijagnostičkih i terapijskih metoda.Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 ( MEN2) is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene. It comprises three clinically recognizable subtypes: MEN2A, MEN2B, and Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (FMTC). The key clinical features of MEN2 include medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytoma, while primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) occurs only in the MEN2A subtype. Non-endocrine manifestations such as marfanoid habitus and mucosal ganglioneuromas are characteristic for MEN2B subtype. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and management of patients with MEN2 syndrome. In this single-center retrospective study, clinical data was collected from the patients' records from the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb. This study included a total of 13 patients. 7 women (53,85) and 6 men (46,15%) were included in this study. The overall mean age of patients was 54 ± 19,41 years (median 56y). The mean follow-up duration was 25 ± 14,95 years (median 21y). MEN2A was confirmed in 12 patients and MEN2B in only one patient. MTC was present in 92,31%, pheochromocytoma in 38,46% and PHPT in 15,38% patients. Mucosal ganglioneuromas were found in one patient. Advanced MTC was found in 7 patients (54%) and in 6 patients (46%) the disease was limited to the thyroid. All patients underwent thyroidectomy, with a mean age at surgery of 27 years (median 20y). Other treatment options were performed such as adrenalectomy, neck dissection and radioactive iodine. Metastatic disease was observed in 6 patients after treatment. RET proto- oncogene mutation was confirmed in all patients. The most common mutation was the substitution of one amino acid for another, most frequently occurring at codon 634 and was detected in 6 patients. A positive family history of MEN2 was observed in 6 patients. Out of 13 patients, 12 survived, while one patient died from metastatic disease 27 years after total thyroidectomy. Further research involving a larger number of patients in Croatia is needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of MEN2 syndrome