University of Zagreb Repository
Not a member yet
127122 research outputs found
Sort by
Revitalization of open spaces surrounding the “Rakete” residential towers in Zagreb
No full textOvaj završni rad iznosi idejno krajobrazno rješenje revitalizacije otvorenih površina oko stambenog kompleksa „Rakete“ na zagrebačkom Vrbiku. Prostor, unatoč arhitektonskoj prepoznatljivosti, suočen je s infrastrukturnim i funkcionalnim nedostacima otvorenih površina te slabom prepoznatljivošću i povezanošću s urbanim kontekstom. U sklopu rada provedene su višekriterijske analize otvorenih površina te su na temelju tih rezultata odabrane i predložene mjere krajobrazne revitalizacije, očuvanja ambijentalnog identiteta te tehničke modernizacije. Predloženo idejno rješenje usmjereno je na stvaranje funkcionalnog, inkluzivnog i održivog javnog otvorenog prostora, uz smjernice za daljnju provedbu.This final thesis presents a conceptual landscape design for the revitalization of the open spaces surrounding the “Rakete” residential complex in the Vrbik neighborhood of Zagreb. Despite its architectural recognizability, the area faces infrastructural and functional deficiencies in its open spaces, as well as weak visibility and integration within the urban context. Within the scope of the thesis, multi-criteria analyses of the open spaces were conducted, based on which measures for landscape revitalization, preservation of ambient identity, and technical modernization were selected and proposed. The proposed conceptual design is aimed at creating a functional, inclusive, and sustainable public open space, accompanied by guidelines for further implementation
Comparative life cycle assessment of biodegradable and conventional plastics
No full textU ovom radu metodom procjene životnog ciklusa (eng. Life Cycle Assessment LCA) provedena je usporedbena analiza ekološkog utjecaja dvaju polimera, konvencionalnog polipropilena (PP) i biorazgradive polimliječne kiseline (eng. polylactic acid, PLA).
Granice sustava u analizi obuhvaćaju životni ciklus polimera od kolijevke do vrata, odnosno od ekstrakcije sirovine, do proizvedenog polimera spremnog za isporuku korisnicima. Analizirane su četiri kategorije utjecaja na okoliš: potencijal globalnog zagrijavanja, potencijal zakiseljavanja, potencijal eutrofikacije i potencijal iscrpljivanja abiotskih resursa fosilnih goriva. Izračuni su provedeni korištenjem Python programskog jezika, a podaci o ulazima i izlazima temelje se na stručnim izvorima. Usporedba utjecaja provedena je korištenjem dvije metode procjene, korištenjem srednjih vrijednosti i Monte Carlo simulacijom. Rezultati pokazuju da se ovim metodama uglavnom dobivaju bliski rezultati, s time da Monte Carlo metoda pruža preciznije izračune jer uzima u obzir varijacije u podacima. Usporedbom rezultati LCA pokazuje da proizvodnja polipropilena ima veći utjecaj u kategorijama globalnog zagrijavanja, zakiseljavanja i iscrpljivanja abiotskih resursa, dok je utjecaj na eutrofikaciju veći pri proizvodnji polimliječne kiseline. Moguća poboljšanja koja bi smanjenjila ekološki otisak pri proizvodnji polimliječne kiseline uključuju: smanjenje potrošnje električne energije, povećanje udjela obnovljivih izvora energije, povećanje stope konverzije materijala u proizvodnom procesu, korištenje organskih i vodotopivih gnojiva umjesto konvencionalnih te korištenje sirovine iz sekundarnih izvora, kao što su otpaci krumpira ili kukuruza. Kod proizvodnje polipropilena, potencijalna poboljšanja uključuju smanjenje emisija CO2 u procesu parnog krekiranja povećanjem prijenosa topline u zračnoj peći, korištenje zelene energije i smanjenje stvaranja koksa. Veliki izvori zagađenja u procesu proizvodnje polipropilena je električna energija proizvedena iz neobnovljivih izvora, čijom bi se bar djelomičnom zamjenom za obnovljive izvore utjecalo na smanjenje ukupnih emisija.Herein a life cycle assessment (LCA) study was performed to compare the environmental impacts of two polymers, namely polypropylene (PP) and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). The system boundaries in the performed study encompass the cradle-to-gate scenario, i.e., from the production of the polymers from raw materials to the production of polymers for industrial customers. Four key environmental impact categories were analyzed: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, and abiotic resource depletion of fossil fuels. The calculations were conducted using Python programming language, and input-output data were sourced from relevant expert literature.
The environmental impact comparison is based on two methods, namely average value estimation and Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that both methods yield largely consistent outcomes; however, Monte Carlo simulation provides more accurate results by accounting for data variability. The comparative analysis shows that polypropylene production has a greater impact on global warming, acidification, and abiotic resource depletion, while PLA production exhibits a higher eutrophication potential. Potential improvements which would faciliate the decrease in the environmental impacts of PLA include the reduction of energy consumption, increase of the share of renewable energy in the production thereof, enhancing material conversion rates, using organic and water-soluble fertilizers instead of conventional ones during the crop growth, and utilizing raw materials from secondary sources such as potato or corn waste. For polypropylene production, improvements could be achieved by reducing CO2 emissions in the steam cracking process through enhanced heat transfer, using green energy, and reducing coke formation.
Non-renewable electricity is a major source of pollution in this process, and substituting it with renewable energy would significantly reduce overall emissions
Zinc and manganese in encapsulated food supplements for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
No full textU današnje vrijeme raste uporaba dodataka prehrani za liječenje upalnih bolesti crijeva koji sadrže
justiciju, kurkumu i indijski tamjanovac. S obzirom na važnost određivanja kvalitete dodataka
prehrani, cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti koncentracije mangana i cinka u kapsuliranim dodacima
prehrani te usporediti njihov sadržaj između tvrdih i mekih kapsula. Koncentracije cinka i mangana
analizirane su metodom atomske apsorpcijske spektrometrije, korištene su plamena i grafitna
tehnika. Uzorci su prethodno pripremljeni mikrovalnom digestijom radi osiguravanja homogenosti
uzorka i preciznosti analize. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da su koncentracije cinka i mangana
unutar dozvoljenih granica propisanih međunarodnim smjernicama. Uočeno je da su koncentracije
mangana više u kapsulama koje sadrže usitnjenu biljnu drogu, dok su koncentracije cinka značajno
više u mekim kapsulama. Zaključeno je da uzorci ispunjavaju sigurnosne standarde te da su prikladni
za uporabu u terapiji upalnih bolesti crijeva.Nowadays, the use of dietary supplements containing Justicia, turmeric, and Indian frankincense for
treating inflammatory bowel diseases is increasing. Given the importance of determining the quality
of dietary supplements, the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of manganese and
zinc in encapsulated dietary supplements and to compare their content between different types of
capsules. Zinc and manganese concentrations were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry,
employing flame and graphite techniques. Samples were pre-treated with microwave digestion to
ensure homogeneity and accuracy of the analysis. The results showed that zinc and manganese
concentrations were within the permissible limits set by international guidelines. It was observed
that manganese concentrations were higher in capsules containing ground plant material, while zinc
concentrations were significantly higher in soft capsules. It was concluded that the samples meet
safety standards and are suitable for use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
Improvement of technical sales support in engineering companies
No full textTema ovog rada je unaprjeđenje tehničke podrške prodaji u inženjerskim poduzećima. U prvom dijelu rada prikazana je evolucija prodajnih procesa te su opisani koraci prilikom predstavljanja novog proizvoda. Nakon upoznavanja procesa prodaje, predstavljeno je zanimanje inženjera prodaje, opisana je njihova uloga u poduzeću te je prikazan utjecaj prodajnih inženjera na efikasnost prodajnih predstavnika. U nastavku rada definirani su digitalni alati koji se koriste u prodaji dok je u glavnom dijelu rada, na realnom primjeru, prikazana uloga inženjera prilikom tehničke podrške prodaji, opisan je proces analize žičane forme u svrhu povećanja udjela vlastitih komponenti u navedenoj žičanoj formi te su prikazani udjeli pojedinih dobavljača prije i nakon provedene analize. U praktičnom dijelu rada također je prikazano poboljšanje procesa korištenjem automatizirane baze podataka koja olakšava rad inženjerima prilikom tehničke podrške prodaji.The topic of this paper thesis is improvement of technical sales support in engineering companies. After introduction, evolution of sales processes is explained at the beginning. After that historical development of sales, process of introducing new product is described. Sales engineers and their impact on the salesperson efficiency are being introduced in third chapter and in the fourth chapter sales technologies are being presented. Afterwards, analysis of wire harness is explained in order to increase share of companies components. In the end of this paper, the improvement of technical sales process is described on the example of using automated database which removes most of the manual work from the wire harness analysis. Finally, conclusions and learnings are shared
Characterization of autochthonous microorganisms with high ability to degrade hydrocarbons from oil contaminated soils
No full textKako potreba za naftom i njenim proizvodima raste, tako dolazi i do sve češćih onečišćenja okoliša prilikom raznih aktivnosti tijekom njezine uporabe. Zbog svog negativnog utjecaja na sav živi svijet, naftne ugljikovodike nužno je ukloniti iz okoliša. Jedan od postupaka za remedijaciju tla onečišćenog naftom je bioremedijacija. Bioremedijacija je okolišno i ekonomski prihvatljiv postupak za uklanjanje prisutnog onečišćenja u kojem mikroorganizmi i njihovi enzimi imaju ključnu ulogu. Kako bi se povećala učinkovitost bioremedijacije potrebno je selektirati mikroorganizme koji pokazuju afinitet za razgradnju naftnih ugljikovodika. U ovom radu provedena je izolacija, identifikacija i karakterizacija autohtonih mikrobnih kultura iz uzorka tla onečišćenog sirovom naftom u šaržnim uvjetima u periodu 28 dana. Dobivene vrijednosti CFU su se kretale u rangu od 1,20 × 10^7 do 1,15 × 10^9/g tla. Rezultati pokazuju da je aktivnost bakterija i gljiva bila najveća pri pH-vrijednosti 7,25 i 6,5. Na temelju morfologije, biokemijskih testova i MALDI TOF analize identificirane su bakterijske vrste: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus i Pseudomonas chlororaphis.As the demand for petroleum and petroleum products increases, so does the pollution caused by the various activities associated with the use of petroleum. Because of their negative impact on all living things, petroleum hydrocarbons must be removed from the environment. One of the methods of remediation of oil polluted soil is bioremediation. Bioremediation is an ecologically and economically viable method of removing contaminated sites, in which microorganisms and their enzymes play a key role. In order to increase the efficiency of bioremediation, it is necessary to select microorganisms that have affinity for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. In this work, the isolation, identification and characterization of autochthonous microbial cultures from a petroleum contaminated soil sample was carried out under batch conditions over a period of 28 days. Determinated CFU values ranged from 1.20 × 10^7 to 1.15 × 10^9/g soil. The results show that the activity of bacteria and fungi was highest at pH 7.25 and 6.5. Based on morphology, biochemical tests and analysis of MALDI TOF, bacterial species were identified: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Late antique community on the border of Pannonia and Noricum on the example of pottery finds from Lobor
No full textU doktorskom radu primarno je analizirano kasnoantičko keramičko posuđe s položaja Majka Božja Gorska i Pavlova pećina u Loboru. Ono je identificirano, klasificirano, katalogizirano i interpretirano u kontekstu njegovog nalaza unutar kasnoantičkog visinskog naselja i u svezi s njim. Osim kasnoantičkog, zabilježena je i manja količina ulomaka antičkog keramičkog posuđa koja dokazuje da taj položaj nije bio posve napušten ni tijekom razdoblja od 1. do 3. st. Unatoč tome, mnogo veća količina kasnoantičkog keramičkog posuđa od 3. do 6. st. potvrđuje da se revitalizacija kasnolatenske gradine, odnosno osnutak kasnoantičkog visinskog naselja u Loboru treba datirati nakon sredine 3. st. Najkasniji identificirani primjerci kasnoantičkog keramičkog posuđa mogu se datirati u prvu polovicu 6. st., a nisu pronađene posude koje bi se mogle sa sigurnošću datirati nakon toga vremena, unatoč tome što analize C14 pokazuju da je visinsko naselje spaljeno oko 580. god. Najveća količina ulomaka kasnoantičkog keramičkog posuđa može se datirati u 4. i prvu polovicu 5. st. Zabilježene su skupine uvoznog mediteranskog, regionalnog i lokalno proizvedenog keramičkog posuđa, a prema sadašnjem stanju istraživanja, nisu zabilježene skupine za koje bi se moglo sa sigurnošću tvrditi da su neromanskog podrijetla. Kasnoantičkom finom keramičkom posuđu pripisano je glazirano keramičko posuđe, posuđe s prevlakom, s uglačanim ukrasom i redukcijski i oksidacijski pečeno posuđe, a grubom sitnozrnato i krupnozrnato posuđe. Tipološko-kronološkom i kvantitativnom analizom ukupnog spektra kasnoantičkog keramičkog posuđa, kao i pojedinih skupina, daje se interpretacija prostornog uređenja visinskog naselja u Loboru, ali i dijela svakodnevnog života kasnoantičkog stanovništva noričko-panonskog graničnog područja, kojemu je pripadao loborski prostor, koji se odnosi na proizvodnju, distribuciju, korištenje i odbacivanje keramičkog posuđa.The lack of a large amount of pottery sherds dating from the 1st to the middle of the 3rd century at the site of Our Lady of the Mountain indicates that the population did not live there permanently during that period. After the establishment of peace and the organization of the Roman administrative authority, the population no longer needed to live on the hilltop and moved to the valley where a settlement with a necropolis was organized. It is not possible to give a precise answer to the question about the function of the hilltop site after the population moved to the valley. The first possibility is that part of the population still remained on the hilltop and lived there in a small, rural settlement of wooden houses, of which almost nothing has been preserved, except perhaps a few post holes that were not destroyed by medieval and modern graves. If, however, the population of the hilltop had completely abandoned their residence there, the possibility of retaining a cult place there remains. There is no evidence that the Late La Tène or perhaps Early Roman building beside the Early Christian complex was used for housing, as no significant amount of pottery was found there. More specifically, regarding the Romanization period, no large amount of pottery was found that could confirm that the hilltop was used as a settlement. Nevertheless, the pottery that has been found and can be dated to that period belongs to fine pots that may not be the pinnacle of Roman pottery, but for a settlement geographically isolated and therefore less connected to the rest of the Romanized part of the Noric-Pannonian border area, those finds are quite significant, even in the fragmented state in which they are. Fragments of thin-walled pottery, slipware, so-called eggshell ware and face pots belong to this period. The complete absence of fragments of coarse pots of the Late La Tène period tradition with a surface combed with vertical, slanted or irregular strokes is also significant, and this situation may indicate that the hillfort was really only a cult area where offerings to pagan deities were brought in fine tableware. This could be confirmed by the face pot fragment that are sometimes associated with pre-Roman beliefs, as well as the positions where earlier Roman pottery was found. All fragments of thin-walled pottery, slipware, face pots, etc. were found in trenches around the present-day church and early Christian church complex, i.e. around a potential earlier pagan sanctuary. Of the coarser pots that can be attributed to the 1st and 2nd century, only very small fragments of a relatively fine fabric can be singled out with certainty, decorated with short strokes with a small comb that sometimes overlap. For the earlier Roman period in Lobor, the find of Trajan's sestertius is also significant, which, together with a bowl of thin-walled pottery of probably Siscian production, is one of the earliest finds at the site of Our Lady of the Mountain, although there is a possibility that it was in later use. If Trajan's coin from Lobor is indeed of a later date, the thin-walled pottery bowl is the earliest confirmed find of Roman pottery in Lobor. Although it is attributed to Siscian production, based on the discovery of one bowl, it cannot be claimed that the process of Romanization arrived from the south, especially since the Lobor area has been connected with the area northwest of it since at least the Late Bronze Age, if not earlier. As it seems according to the current state of research and the analysis of pottery, life returned to the hillfort to a greater extent in the second third or maybe even the second half of the 3rd century. It is possible that the return of the population to the hillfort did not take place during a shorter period, but the findings of pottery suggest that. The number of vessels that can be attributed to the time around the middle of the 3rd century is greater than the number of those dated to the 1st and 2nd century, and in addition, the distribution of fragments of this later ware is no longer concentrated around the present-day church, but extends to the northern plateau and the area along the northern rampart. There are several fragments of relief terrae sigillatae that can be attributed to the Rheinzabern workshops and dated to the second half of the 2nd or the first half of the 3rd century. The only fragment of a Faltenbecher type cup can be dated from the end of the 2nd to the third quarter of the 3rd century. In this later group of early Roman pottery, Pannonische Glanztonware fragments are the most numerous. Although the sherds were not found in a closed context, based on analogies they are dated from the first quarter of the 2nd to the end of the 3rd century. It is indicative that the group of tableware that is dated at the latest is also the most common of the earlier Roman pottery. The largest number of Roman coins found at the site of Our Lady of the Mountain in Lobor can be dated from the middle of the 3rd century onwards. Those include all Roman coins except for the aforementioned Trajan's sestertius and the perforated sestertius of Maximinus I of Thrace, which was obviously in secondary use in a later period. Taking into account the dating of the coins and the group of pottery that appeared in the middle or second half of the 3rd century and whose quantity also increased significantly after that period, primarily glazed pottery, it can be determined with considerable certainty that life returned to the late La Tène hillfort immediately after the middle of the 3rd century and that the Late Antique hilltop settlement in Lobor was established. It is not excluded that the refugial character of the position of the Lobor hillfort was used earlier, perhaps during the Marcomannic Wars, but there is no evidence for this so far. A large amount of tableware cannot be attributed to that time, and certain types, such as unglazed mortars, are completely missing. In addition, there are no finds of Roman coins or other objects that can certainly be attributed to that time and interpreted in favor of a shorter settlement during the uncertain times of the second half of the 2nd century. The significant increase in the amount of pottery and the presence of almost all groups of pottery from the middle of the 3rd century, which are facts that indicate the permanent character of the hilltop settlement in Late Antiquity, could be connected with the turbulent times of the so-called crisis of the 3rd century. The beginning of that crisis period can be connected to the latest dated fragments of tombstones found as spolia at the site of Our Lady of the Mountain, as well as the stelae of Marcus Cocceius Superianus and Valerius Lucilianus found in the center of today's Lobor. It seems that since that time, the deceased are no longer buried in the necropolis of the lower settlement in Lobor, but in a so far unknown location, probably closer to the hilltop settlement, and later next to the early Christian complex in the center of the hilltop settlement. The discovery of graves on the artificially formed elevation north of the shrine of Our Lady of the Mountain did not result in a sufficient amount of pottery fragments that could confirm the position as a Late Antique cemetery, despite the discovery of one bone comb and the foot of a glass cup. The number of pottery fragments is negligible and there are no diagnostic sherds. As it seems so far, the abandonment of the permanent settlement in the valley along the Rieka stream and the establishment of the hilltop settlement was probably not only connected with the threats to the Roman population from the barbarian groups from the other side of the Danube, but also with the general state of insecurity during a greater part of the 3rd century. Late Antique glazed pottery marks the period from the second half of the 3rd to the middle or second half of the 5th century. Although it represents only 2.57% of the Late Antique pottery sherds, which is not an unusual number for sites far from the major workshop centers on the Danube or in northern Italy, glazed pottery represents a group in which almost all basic types and methods of decoration are represented. The bowls, plates, cups, bowls with handles and jugs belong mostly to tableware and mortars to kitchenware. Decorative motifs include grooved single and combed horizontal lines, single and combed undulations, small triangular, rectangular and irregular motifs made by rouletting, notches and oval motifs made with a sharp or rounded object on the rim, notches made using the chattering technique, stamped concentric circles, modeled wavy rim, and sometimes there are combinations of two decorative motifs. The decoration was sometimes carried out by painting with a red slip in the form of flames and flower petals, and the exteriors of several glazed bowls were decorated with burnished horizontal lines. Mortars decorated with slip painting and bowls with burnished horizontal lines, as well as related examples of glazed pottery with an intense olive green or yellow green glaze combined with red slip without a pattern should probably be dated earlier, to the second half of the 3rd and the first half of the 4th century, and glazed pottery of simpler forms, duller glaze and slip color if it was applied, and generally glazed pottery of poor glaze quality could be dated to the later period of the second half of the 4th and the first half of the 5th century. No examples of glazed pottery have been identified that could be could be dated only to the second half of the 5 th or even the 6th century, which is also a problem with other groups of Late Antique pottery from Lobor. Considering the theory about local workshops of glazed pottery, which has not yet been confirmed by field research, it was not possible to determine the workshop origin of the glazed pottery from Lobor, but based on the variety of fabrics, firing techniques, glaze and slip colors and methods of decoration, it is very likely that this glazed pottery originates from several workshops that were probably not located in the immediate vicinity of the hilltop settlement in Lobor. If such a workshop had existed nearby, the glazed pottery from Lobor would have been much more uniform, and there would have probably been fragments of tableware sets that have not been recorded so far. According to that and on the basis of analogies from the NoricPannonian border area, the origin of the glazed pottery from Lobor should be sought at the regional level in several workshop centers or smaller workshops. Unlike glazed pottery, slipware cannot be associated only with Late Antiquity, as is evident from the finds of thin-walled pottery, and rare examples remain almost until the end of late antique hilltop settlement and represent some of the latest late antique objects found in Lobor. In addition to thin-walled pottery, this group of pottery also includes terra sigillata, Pannonische Glanztonware, but also vessels of late antique forms with slip in shades of red and gray, which for the most part correspond to the forms of late antique glazed pottery. Simple oil lamps with a handle also appear in this group. Some of the reduction-fired jugs with a dark gray slip are similar in forms to jugs with burnished decoration and simple reduction-fired jugs without slip or processed surface. Considering the correlation of this group, most of the slipware, apart from the earlier groups of the 2nd and 3rd century, should be dated from the second half of the 3rd to the middle or second half of the 5th century. Here, the group of shallow bowls or deep plates that imitate North African red slipped pottery, specifically the form Hayes 61a and its variant Hayes 61a trans. Although the fabric, firing technique and slip quality are completely different, the orm of some examples is completely identical to North African examples and should be dated from the middle of the 4th to the middle of the 5th century. Although they do not represent original North African products, they appeared in the Noric-Pannonian at the height of North African import to the area in the 4th and 5th century and certainly belong to regional production, probably from the northern Italy that had the most contact with overseas areas such as North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean. Original North African and Eastern Mediterranean ware was recorded only around the end of the 5th century. An undecorated fragment of an ARSW conical bowl of the Hayes 87 or 88 form and a fragment of a North African oil lamp of the Hayes II/Atlante X form decorated with triangle and palmette motifs, as well as an undecorated fragment of an Eastern Mediterranean LRC form Hayes 3E bowl were found in Lobor. The North African sherds can be dated to the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century, and the Eastern Mediterranean to the last quarter of the 5th and the first quarter of the 6th century. Given the small number of fragments of Mediterranean pottery and the fact that earlier forms, which would belong to the period of more intensive import to the Noric-Pannonian area, were not found, so far it should be assumed that they were personal property that was probably brought to Lobor at the beginning of the 6 th century, and not objects of trade between the Mediterranean and the Lobor area. Perhaps their find in Lobor was connected to the relocation of part of the population from the territory of Poetovio, or it was even connected with the withdrawal of part of the population from Noricum Ripense. If this was indeed the case, it would confirm the gathering and refugial role of the fortified hilltop settlement in Lobor, which at the beginning of the 6th century was obviously an important church center where the early Christian complex with a church and a baptistery and possibly other churches was expanded and renovated. The assumption was that the hilltop settlement in Lobor certainly gathered the population of today’s Zlatar valley in unsafe periods, the population which usually lived on farms and settlements similar to the villa in Gornja Batina. The finds of imported Mediterranean tableware confirm that the settlement in Lobor also received residents of probably higher ranks from the threatened settlements of Noric-Pannonian border area. Although early Christian motifs, which are otherwise common, were not preserved on the mentioned imported pottery due to the high degree of fragmentation, it cannot be ruled out that the pottery was brought as part of the household of the Bishop of Poetovio, who is sometimes associated with the construction of the early Christian complex in Lobor, and perhaps with his stay in to an unexplored building on the south side of the site of Our Lady of the Mountain. As for the later forms of imported Mediterranean pottery, they have not been found in Lobor so far, so the question about the end of life in the hilltop settlement cannot be answered solely on the basis of pottery finds. Burnished pottery and pottery with burnished decoration from Lobor belong to the 4th and 5th centuries. A smaller part of that group of pottery belongs to open-shaped vessels, mostly bowls, decorated exclusively with polished horizontal lines, often on both sides of the vessel, for which the closest analogies were found in the Danube area of the eastern Noricum Ripense. Based on these analogies, the dating of the Lobor specimens of this group is placed from the middle of the 4th to the middle of the 5th century. Another group of the pottery with burnished decoration can be connected with the Pannonian part of the Danube limes, where three groups appear based on technological, typological and decorative characteristics. By analyzing these characteristics, the examples from Lobor were placed in the first two groups and dated from the middle to the end of the 4th century in the case of the first group and to the last quarter of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th century in the case of the second group. No fragments were found that could be attributed to the third group. It is possible that, due to the distance from the Danube, the immediate danger and the influence of barbarian groups, with the presence of which the appearance and popularity of this group of pottery is at least partially connected, the dating of the pottery with burnished decoration from Lobor should be extended and that at least until the end of the 5th in the workshops from which this pottery was procured for the hilltop settlement in Lobor, the proven production technology known from older potters was used. It is certain that one cannot expect exactly the same fabrics as in the workshops on the Danube or other larger production centers in Pannonia, and the situation is similar as with glazed pottery and slipware. The variety of fabrics and firing techniques points to several workshops from which the population of Lobor procured pottery of this group. What is perhaps surprising about this group, which is linked to the influence of barbarian groups, is that in Lobor it was not found in combination with stamped pottery. Not a single fragment with stamped decoration typical for the 6th century has been found so far. According to the current state of research, this should mean that the Lobor area was not under the direct influence of the Lombards, although it is sometimes placed on the eastern edge of the so-called Pólis Norikón. Based on the absence of stamped pottery, it is not possible to determine whether this means that in the middle of the 6th century the hilltop settlement in Lobor was already abandoned or at least that the number of inhabitants was significantly reduced, or whether this only happened in the last quarter of the 6 th century, to which the burned layers in the baptistery and on the late antique rampart were dated. There are only a few items from Lobor that can be dated to the period between the latest dated form of pottery and the date of the burned layer. These are objects from grave 50 and a buckle part from a destroyed grave that can be dated to the first half of the 6th century and an S-fibula of the Várpalota-Vinkovci type dated to the second third of the 6th century. They may also be joined by fragments of imported Mediterranean vessels if they were really transferred from another settlement and remained in use for a longer time. The least amount of information about the late antique community in Lobor was provided by reduction- and oxidation-fired fine pottery. The types are related to those of the groups of glazed pottery, slipware and pottery with burnished decoration. Reduction-fired fine pottery is typologically more closely related to the pottery with burnished decoration, and oxidation-fired fine pottery to glazed pottery and slipware. This group includes interesting and rare examples of stamped pottery, which differ from the 6th century stamped pottery according to their fabrics and decorative motifs and clearly belong to an earlier time. There are two fragments of oxidation-fired jugs or pots with stamped concentric circles, which are a typical late antique motif, while another example is decorated in a more complicated way. It is a fragment of an oxidation-reduction fired vessel of large dimensions, which was decorated on the outside with a combination of a stamped rosette, arc motifs made by double rouletting and an applied twisted band. An analogy for this last example should probably be sought in the area of western Noricum Mediterraneum, but in the group of coarse pottery, which in that area is generally more elaborately decorated. Although one of the assumptions was that the final phase of life in the hilltop settlement in Lobor could be explained using the results of the analysis of coarse pottery, it shows that simple, long-lasting forms of pots, jugs, bowls and
Synthesis and structural characterization of new quinoline-isoxazole conjugates
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je sintetizirati nove konjugate kinolina i izoksazola koji imaju potencijalno antitumorsko djelovanje. U tu svrhu, iz anilina te β-ketoestera pripremljen je 4-hidroksi-kinolin (1) koji je reakcijom propargiliranja preveden u O-propargilirani derivat (2). U sljedećem stupnju provedeno je kloriranje aldoksima (3−6). Reakcijom 1,3-dipolarne cikloadicije O-propargiliranog kinolina (2) i kloriranog aldoksima (7−11) dobivena su četiri konjugata kinolina i izoksazola (12−15). Strukture novosintetiziranih konjugata potvrđene su spektroskopijom 1H i 13C NMR. Biološka ispitivanja pripremljenih spojeva su u tijeku.The aim of this work was to synthesize new quinoline and isoxazole conjugates with potential antitumor activity. For this purpose, 4-hydroxy quinoline (1) was prepared from aniline and β-ketoester, which was converted into O-propargylated quinoline (2) by a propargylation reaction. Chlorinated aldoxime (7−11) were prepared by the chlorination reaction of the corresponding aldoxime (3−6). Four conjugates of quinoline and isoxazole (12−15) were obtained by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of O-propargylated quinoline (2) and chlorinated aldoxime (7−11). The structures of the newly synthesized conjugates were determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Biological evalutions of the prepared compounds are in progress
The relationship between leadership styles and employee work engagement
No full textVodstvo je ključni čimbenik uspjeha u svakoj suvremenoj organizaciji, zato je bitno za svaku organizaciju uskladiti vodstvo s radnom angažiranošću kako bi se što efikasnije obavljali poslovni zadaci i ostvarivali zadani ciljevi. Zaposlenici predstavljaju jednu od glavnih konkurentskih prednosti svake organizacije te je temeljni zadatak uspješnih vođa ostvariti puni potencijal svakog pojedinog člana tima. U ovom diplomskom radu istražuje se povezanost stilova vodstva i radne angažiranosti zaposlenika. U prvom dijelu objašnjava se pojam vodstva, navode se značajke uspješnih vođa te se definiraju karakteristike određenih stilova vodstva. U drugom dijelu se objašnjava radna angažiranost, na koji način mjerimo radnu angažiranost zaposlenika i objašnjava se važnost stilova vodstva za radnu angažiranost zaposlenika.
U empirijskom dijelu istraživanja, podaci su prikupljeni kroz upotrebu anketnog obrasca koji je bio dobrovoljan, osiguravao je anonimnost sudionika te je bio distribuiran unutar odabranih organizacija. Pomoću njih se definirao smjer i jačina korelacije dimenzije stila vodstva i dimenzije radne angažiranosti. Uz pomoć R Studio programa napravljena je korelacijska analiza i ustanovljeni su rezultati istraživanja. Istraživanje dalo rezultat kako ima pozitivna veza dimenzije stilova vodstva i dimenzije radne angažiranosti zaposlenika, a od stilova vodstva se najviše izdvojio transformacijski stil s najvećom prosječnom ocjenom te sukladno tome transformacijski stil vodstva najbolje angažira zaposlenike u logističkoj industriji.Leadership is a crucial factor for success in contemporary organizations, emphasizing the need for coordination between leadership and employee engagement to achieve business aims. Employees represent a primary competitive advantage for any organization, and the fundamental task of successful leaders is to unlock the full potential of each team member. This thesis examines the relationship among leadership styles and employee work engagement. In the first part of the thesis, the definition and significance of leadership are explained, highlighting characteristics of successful leaders, and defining specific leadership styles. The thesis additionally delineates the concept of work engagement, clarifies the methods for measuring work engagement, and expounds on the relevance of leadership styles to employee engagement.
In the empirical part, data is collected through an anonymous, voluntary questionnaire distributed within selected organizations. The research investigated the direction and intensity of the correlation among the dimensions of the questionnaire of leadership styles and employee work engagement. This research results offered us understanding into the connection between the two variables, and based on the compiled data, a descriptive statistical analysis and correlation table studies were carried out. The correlation analysis was performed using the R Studio program.
The study showed a positive correlation between the leadership styles and employee work engagement, and also the highest correlation between transformational leadership and employee engagement
The effect of cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on REL, CXCL10 and PD-L1 gene expression in Farage and U2940 cell lines
No full textStanice imunosnog sustava posredstvom specifičnih receptora i signalnih molekula citokina reguliraju i aktiviraju imunosni odgovor. Aktivacijom raznih signalnih putova dolazi do aktivacije i diferencijacije imunosnih stanica u zrele i efektorske oblike. Faktor tumorske nekroze alfa (TNF-α, od engl. tumour necrosis factor) aktivira signalni put NF-κB, regulira ekspresiju posredničkih molekula i imunosnim stanicama omogućuje migraciju. Interferon gama (IFN-γ) aktivira signalni put JAK-STAT, utječe na ekspresiju kemokina i molekula glavnog sustava tkivne podudarnosti (MHC, od engl. major histocompatibility complex) te na aktivaciju imunosnih stanica. Procesi diferencijacije imunosne stanice čine tolerantnijima prema nakupljanju promjena u genomu i nepravilnoj transformaciji, koja može dovesti do nastanka limfoma. Primarni medijastinalni B-stanični limfom (PMBL) spada u skupinu ne-Hodgkinovih limfoma (NHL), a nastaje od B-limfocita smještenih u medijastinumu. U ovom radu istražen je utjecaj citokina TNF-α i IFN-γ na razinu ekspresije gena REL, CXCL10 i PDL1 u modelnim staničnim linijama. Gen REL kodira protein c-Rel, transkripcijski faktor signalnog puta NF-κB. Gen CXCL10 kodira istoimeni kemokin. Gen PDL1 kodira protein koji sudjeluje u mehanizmu koji regulira odgovor T-limfocita. Tretman citokinom IFN-γ povećavao je ekspresiju gena CXCL10 kod obje stanične linije, a ekspresiju gena PDL1 samo kod jedne stanične linije. Tretmani citokinom TNF-α pokazali su mješovite rezultate između staničnih linija za gen CXCL10 te većinom uzrokovali smanjenje ekspresije gena PDL1 i REL. Varijabilnost ekspresije istraživanih gena ukazuje na veliku heterogenost primarnog medijastinalnog limfoma.Immune cells regulate the immune response by interacting with specific receptors expressed on their surface and by secreting cytokines. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activates the NF-κB signalling pathway, regulates the expression of mediators and enables the migration of immune cells. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) activates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway and influences the expression of chemokines and proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the activation of immune cells. The processes that immune cells undergo during their differentiation can contribute to abnormal transformations and the formation of lymphomas. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL), a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), arises from B-cells located in the mediastinum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ on the expression of REL, CXCL10 and PDL1 genes in PMBL model cell lines. The REL gene encodes the c-REL transcription factor of the NF-κB signalling pathway. The CXCL10 gene codes for a chemokine. The PDL1 gene codes for a protein that plays a decisive role in the regulatory mechanism of the T-cell immune response. IFN-γ caused an increase in CXCL10 gene expression in both cell lines and PDL1 gene expression in one cell line. TNF-α, on the other hand, showed ambiguous results for the CXCL10 gene and predominately caused a decrease in gene expression of PDL1 and REL genes. The variability of the expression of the investigated genes indicates the significant heterogeneity of primary mediastinal lymphoma
Macrophyte vegetation of the Odra River and its tributaries
No full textRijeka Odra u potpunosti je ravničarska tekućica, s izvorom i ušćem u nizinama, koja protječe ruralnim i šumovitim predjelom Turopoljske mikroregije. Kao i većina rijeka Europe, i Odra je pod snažnim čovjekovim utjecajem od kojih su najznačajniji kanaliziranje i pad podzemnih voda. Makrofiti ovog područja rijetko su istraživani i ne postoje cjelokupna i sustavna istraživanja ove skupine. Stoga, kako bi se upotpunile spoznaje o makrofitskoj vegetaciji, ali i o čovjekovom utjecaju na ovo područje, provedena su istraživanja tijekom ljeta i jeseni 2022. i 2023. godine na 18 lokaliteta duž Odre i njezinih pritoka. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno kako porječje Odre karakterizira visoka raznolikost i bogatstvo makrofitskih svojti, njih 74 koje pripadaju u pet taksonomskih skupina, a najbrojnije među njima su sjemenjače. Zabilježene vrste horološki spadaju u skupine sa središtima rasprostranjenosti u umjerenom i cirkumpolarnom području. Analizom ekoloških indikatorskih vrijednosti i stanišnih podataka zabilježena je jasna razlika između pritoka i glavnog toka. Ocjenom ekološkog stanja vodotoka utvrđeno je u prosjeku umjereno ekološko stanje, dok se za bolja stanja uglavnom veže više bogatstvo vrsta i pješčani supstrat. Uz invazivne strane vrste, zabilježene su i razne antropogeno izazvane ugroze te relativno dobra ekološka stabilnost uz vodotoke i raznolika morfologija korita duž istraživanog područja.The Odra River is entirely a lowland river with its source and confluence in lowland areas. It flows through the rural and forested areas of the Turopolje microregion. Like many rivers in Europe, the Odra has been significantly affected by human activity, like canalization and the lowering of groundwater levels. There have been few studies related to the macrophytes of this area, and no complete and systematic studies have been conducted. To expand knowledge about macrophyte vegetation and human impact in this area, a survey was conducted in the summer and autumn of 2022 and 2023 at 18 sites along the Odra and its tributaries. The survey revealed that the Odra basin is characterized by a high diverse and richness of macrophyte taxa, totaling 74, which are classified into five taxonomic groups, with spermatophytes being the predominant. The species recorded horologically belong to groups with centers of distribution in temperate and circumpolar regions. Analysis of ecological indicator values and habitat data revealed clear differences between the tributaries and the main stream. The assessment of habitat quality indicated a moderate ecological status, with better conditions associated with greater species richness and sandy substrates. Despite the presence of invasive alien species and various anthropogenic threats along the watercourses, the researched area is considered ecologically stable, with a diverse bed morphology