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Expenses of employees in agriculture
No full textU ovom radu naglasak se stavlja na jedan od mnoštva troškova koji se javljaju u poljoprivredi, a to je trošak plaća zaposlenih. Plaću možemo definirati kao novčani iznos koji se mjesečno isplaćuje zaposlenima kao naknada za uloženi rad u poslovnom procesu. Plaća se sastoji od osnovne plaće i dodataka na osnovnu plaću. Prosječna isplaćena bruto plaća u 2023. godini u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu i šumarstvu iznosila je 1.358,00 eura, a neto 1.012,00 eura. Prosječna mjesečna bruto plaća po zaposlenome u pravnim osobama Republike Hrvatske za 2023. iznosila je 1.584,00 eura, a neto 1.148,00 eura. Po podacima možemo zaključiti da je puno viša plaća u ostalim djelatnostima nego u poljoprivredi. Bruto plaća pravnih osoba je za 11,66% viša od bruto plaće u poljoprivredi dok je neto plaća viša za 11,34%. U poljoprivredi se korišteni rad prikazuje pomoću AWU (annual work unit ili godišnja jedinica rada), a 1 AWU znači 1800 radnih sati godišnje, odnosno 225 radnih dana godišnje. U Jadranskoj Hrvatskoj se prema podacima FADN sustava godišnje koristi 0,3 jedinice plaćenog rada (AWU), te 1,68 neplaćenog a u Kontinentalnoj 0,2 jedinica plaćenog rada (AWU) i 1,37 neplaćenog.In this paper, emphasis is placed on one of the many costs that occur in agriculture, namely the cost of employee salaries. Salary can be defined as the amount of money that is paid monthly to employees as compensation for the work invested in the business process. The salary consists of the basic salary and supplements to the basic salary. The average gross salary paid in 2023 in agriculture, fishing and forestry was 1,358.00 euros, and the net salary was 1,012.00 euros. The average monthly gross salary per employee in legal entities of the Republic of Croatia for 2023 was EUR 1,584.00, and net EUR 1,148.00. Based on the data, we can conclude that wages in other activities are much higher than in agriculture. The gross salary of legal entities is 11.66% higher than the gross salary in agriculture, while the net salary is 11.34% higher. In agriculture, the work used is shown using AWU (annual work unit), and 1 AWU means 1800 working hours per year, or 225 working days per year. According to FADN system data, 0.3 paid work units (AWU) and 1.68 unpaid work units are used annually in Adriatic Croatia, and 0.2 paid work units (AWU) and 1.37 unpaid work units in Continental Croatia
Evaluation of halohydrin dehalogenase ancestors as biocatalysts in the synthesis of novel compounds
No full textS obzirom na sva dosadašnja postignuća u području biokatalize, proteinskog inženjerstva i računalnog modeliranja, posljednjih 20 godina halogenhidrin-dehalogenaze (HHDH) su doživjele su nagli razvoj i sve širu primjenu u industriji. Jedna od najznačajnijih je farmaceutska industrija, u kojoj su HHDH svojom visokom kemo-, regio- i stereoselektivnošću napravile veliki iskorak. U reakcijama dehalogeniranja halogenalkohola i nukleofilnog otvaranja epoksida ovi enzimi pokazali su visoku aktivnost te visoku enantioselektivnost, pogotovo C-tip HHDH iz Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 (HheC). Iz tog razloga su se u ovom diplomskom radu ispitivali preci HheC enzima dobiveni rekonstrukcijom filogenetskog stabla velikog novootkrivenog broja HHDH enzima. U radu su ispitani direktni predak N122, daljnji predak N124 (zajednički predak C- i A-skupina HHDH) i N134 koji je direktni predak svih HHDH enzima. Svi enzimi su sintetizirani u rekombinantnim stanicama E. coli, izolirani i pročišćeni, ali nisu svi pokazali očekivane rezultate. Točnije, preci N122, N124 i N134 nisu pokazali ni približno dobre rezultate kao ranije provedeno istraživanje s istim enzimima. Katalitička aktivnost im je u reakcijama dehalogeniranja para-nitro-2-brom-1-feniletanola (PNSHH) bila čak 20 puta (N134), 55 puta (N124) odnosno 220 puta (N122) manja u odnosu na HheC. Ovi rezultati nisu u skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima gdje su ovi preci pokazali značajno višu aktivnost u odnosu na HheC. Zato je potrebno provesti daljnja istraživanja da bi se ustanovilo što se tijekom vremena dogodilo unutar rekombinantne kulture E. coli što je moglo uzrokovati ovakav gubitak aktivnosti. U reakciji otvaranja epoksida 2-benzil-oksirana ovi enzimi pokazali su vrlo nisku (N134) do nepostojeću aktivnost (N122 i N134), te time i enantioselektivnost, što je dodatno potvrdilo gubitak aktivnosti ovih enzima. Uz pretke HheC, ispitivao se i predak skupine D HHDH – N81 koji je direktni predak HheD12 iz arktičke morske bakterije Halopseudomonas pelagia. On je, s druge strane, pokazao izvanredno dobru katalitičku aktivnost u obje ispitivane reakcije. U reakciji otvaranja PNSHH pokazao je specifičnu aktivnost od čak 1,73 U mg⁻¹ što je čak 15 puta više od N134, 50 puta više od N124 i 171 puta više od N134. Većina enzima iz skupine D nije do sad pokazivalo veliku aktivnost prema ovom tipu supstrata, izuzev HheD (iz Dechloromonas aromatice) i HheD2 (iz gammaproteobacterium HTCC2207 soja) čiji je N81 direktni predak. U otvaranju epoksida N81 je pokazao visoku konverziju od čak 88% što je dvostruko više od divljeg tipa HheC s konverzijom od 41%. Ovaj predak pokazao je u ovoj reakciji osrednju enantioselektivnost, s evs vrijednosti u kinetičkoj rezoluciji epoksida od čak 78% i evp vrijednosti prilikom sinteze (R)-1-azido-fenil-2-propanola od 20%. Ovi rezultati su, iako osrednji, bolji od do sad dobivenih rezultata za divlje D-tipove, što ukazuje na dodatne prilike u istraživanju ovog pretka. Ovo istraživanje upućuje na to da je potrebno provesti daljnja istraživanja sa širim rasponom supstrata, ali tek nakon što se ustanovi razlog gubitka aktivnosti predaka HheC, odnosno pripreme enzimi koristeći svježe pripremljene plazmide. Također, veću pažnju treba dati enzimima skupine D i njihovim precima zbog njihove visoke katalitičke aktivnosti.Given the significant advancements in the fields of biocatalysis, protein engineering, and computational modeling over the past 20 years, halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) have experienced rapid development and increasingly widespread application in industry. One of the most significant areas is the pharmaceutical industry, where HHDHs have made significant strides due to their high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. In dehalogenation and nucleophilic epoxide ring-opening reactions, these enzymes have demonstrated high activity and enantioselectivity, especially the C-type HHDH from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 (HheC). This is why, in this study, ancestral enzymes of HheC, obtained by reconstructing the phylogenetic tree of a large number of newly discovered HHDH enzymes, were examined. The study examined the direct ancestor N122, the further ancestor N124 (the common ancestor of the C- and A-group HHDHs), and N134, which is the ancestor of all HHDH enzymes. All enzymes were synthesized in recombinant E. coli cells, isolated, and purified, but not all showed the expected results. Specifically, the ancestors N122, N124, and N134 did not show nearly as good results as previously conducted research with the same ancestral HheC cells. Their catalytic activity in the dehalogenation reactions of
para-nitro-2-bromo-1-phenylethanol (PNSHH) was up to 20 times (N134), 55 times (N124), and 220 times (N122) lower compared to the wild-type HheC. These results do not align with previous studies where these ancestors showed significantly higher activity compared to HheC. Therefore, further research is needed to determine what might have happened within the recombinant E. coli culture over time that could have caused such a loss of activity. In the epoxide ring-opening reaction of 2-benzyloxirane, these enzymes exhibited very low (N134) to non-existent activity (N122 and N134), and therefore enantioselectivity, further confirming the loss of activity in these enzymes. In addition to HheC ancestors, the ancestor of a large number of D-type HHDHs—N81, the direct ancestor of HheD12 from the Arctic marine bacterium Halopseudomonas pelagia—was also studied. This enzyme, on the other hand, demonstrated exceptionally good catalytic activity in both tested reactions. In the PNSHH opening reaction, it showed a specific activity of as much as 1.73 U mg⁻¹, which is 15 times higher than N134, 50 times higher than N124, and 171 times higher than N134. Most D-types have not shown significant activity towards this type of substrate so far, except for HheD (from Dechloromonas aromatica) and HheD2 (from Gammaproteobacterium HTCC2207 strain), of which N81 is the direct ancestor. In the epoxide opening, N81 showed a high conversion rate of as much as 88%, which is double that of the wild-type HheC with a conversion of 41%. This ancestor demonstrated moderate enantioselectivity in this reaction, with ees values in the kinetic resolution of the epoxide of up to 78% and eep values during the synthesis of (R)-1-azido-3-phenyl-2-propanol of 20%. These results, though moderate, are better than those obtained so far for wild D-types, indicating further opportunities for research into this ancestor. This research suggests that further studies with a broader range of substrates are needed, but only after determining the cause of the activity loss in HheC ancestors and preparing the enzymes using freshly prepared plasmids. Additionally, more attention should be given to D-types of HHDHs and their ancestors due to their high catalytic activity
The preparation and characterization of ceria amended with copper nanoparticles
No full textCilj ovog rada je pripraviti mezostrukturirani cerijev(IV) oksid (CeO2) te ga oplemeniti nanočesticama bakra (CuNP). Mezostrukturirani cerijev(IV) oksid pripravljen je metodom nanolijevanja u kojoj je silika služila kao mezoporozni predložak. Nanočestice bakra pripremljene su metodom redukcije s NaBH4. Karakterizacija uzoraka provedena je UV-Vis, DLS, XRD, FTIR, SEM/ EDS, UV-Vis DRS te BET analizom. Pripravljeni uzorci sastoje se od finih nepravilnih čestica različitih veličina. Raspodjela cerija, kisika i bakra u uzorcima je homogena, no zapažena je prisutnost zaostalog silicija i natrija. Uzorak dobiven uz više ciklusa uranjanja CeO2 u nanočestice bakra sadrži nešto više bakra. Specifična površina pripravljenih uzoraka CeO2 znatno je manja od SiO2 dok je prosječni promjer pora veći. Uzorci CeO2 bez, i s različitim udjelima bakra ne razlikuju se znatno po specifičnoj površini i promjeru pora. Uzorak CeO2 bez bakra pokazuje bolju katalitičku aktivnost od uzoraka s nanočesticama bakra.The aim of this work is to synthesize mesostructured cerium(IV) oxide (CeO₂) and enhance it with copper nanoparticles (CuNP). The mesostructured cerium(IV) oxide was synthesized using the nanocasting method, where silica was used as a mesoporous template. Copper nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction method using NaBH₄. Sample characterization was carried out using UV-Vis, DLS, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, UV-Vis DRS, and BET analysis. The prepared samples consist of fine irregular particles of varying sizes. The distribution of cerium, oxygen, and copper in the samples is homogeneous, although residual silicon and sodium were observed. The sample obtained after multiple dipping cycles of CeO₂ in the copper nanoparticle solution contains a slightly higher copper content. The specific surface area of the CeO₂ samples is significantly smaller than that of SiO₂, while the average pore diameter is larger. CeO₂ samples with and without different copper contents do not differ significantly in terms of specific surface area and pore diameter. The CeO₂ sample without copper exhibits better catalytic activity compared to the samples with copper nanoparticles
Quantum chemical calculations and machnie learning in predicting bioactivity of new compounds
No full textMale molekule mogu interagirati s biološkim makromolekulama i tako utjecati na homeostazu organizma. U okviru ovoga doktorskog rada računalno su istraženi odabrani kemijski spojevi kao potencijalni antimikrobni agensi i/ili inhibitori kolinesteraza. Najvažnije interakcije malih molekula s makromolekulama određene su metodama molekularnog dokiranja: 1. novorazvijena metoda tenzorske dekompozicije trajektorija ab initio molekularne dinamike te 2. kvantno-kemijsko Monte Carlo dokiranje unutar aktivnog mjesta enzima. Molekularno dokiranje ab initio molekularnom dinamikom uključuje protokol strojnog učenja za određivanje duljine trajanja simulacija kada su uzorkovani potpuni konfiguracijski prostori. Kvantno-kemijsko Monte Carlo dokiranje podrazumijeva uzorkovanje struktura putem generiranja slučajnih konfiguracija sustava (aktivno mjesto enzima i mala molekula) te kvantno-kemijske proračune energije. Ekstenzivnom primjenom strojnog učenja uspostavljeni su najbolji mogući multivarijatni linearni regresijski modeli koji povezuju biološku aktivnost promatranih spojeva s njihovim teorijski uzorkovanim plohama potencijalne energije. Dobiveni rezultati predstavljat će osnovu za daljnja istraživanja najvažnijih interakcija malih molekula s kolinesterazama i za predviđanje bioaktivnosti te "pametan" dizajn novih bioaktivnih molekula.Small molecules can interact with biological macromolecules and thus affect the organism's homeostasis. Within this doctoral dissertation, selected chemical compounds were theoretically investigated as potential antimicrobial agents and/or cholinesterase inhibitors. The most important interactions of small molecules with macromolecules were determined by molecular docking methods: 1. newly developed method of tensor decomposition of ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories and 2. quantum-chemical Monte Carlo docking within the active site of the enzyme. Molecular docking by ab initio molecular dynamics includes a machine learning protocol for determining the length of simulations where complete configuration spaces are sampled. Quantum-chemical Monte Carlo docking implies sampling of structures through the generation of random system configurations (enzyme active site and small molecule) and quantum-chemical energy calculations. Through the extensive application of machine learning, the best possible multivariate linear regression models that connect the biological activity of the observed compounds with their theoretically sampled potential energy surfaces were established. The obtained results will represent the basis for further research of the most important interactions of small molecules with cholinesterases as well as the prediction of bioactivity and the "smart" design of new bioactive molecule
Fire fighting vehicle with a telescopic crane
No full textOvaj diplomski rad izrađen je u sklopu tvrtke Ziegler d.o.o., a u njemu je prikazan proračun i postupak konstruiranja vatrogasnog vozila, s teleskopskim dohvatnikom i košarom, namijenjenog za gašenje požara i spašavanje. Zbog različitih mogućnosti primjene i sve češće pojave raznih prirodnih nepogoda, potreba za ovim vozilima danas postaje sve veća. Tvrtka proizvodi vatrogasna i specijalna vozila po narudžbi pa su u prvom dijelu rada prikazani zahtjevi naručitelja i odabrano osnovno vozilo. U drugom dijelu proveden je i prikazan pregled postojećih rješenja identičnih vozila na temelju kojih je definirano nekoliko konceptualnih rješenja nakon čega je proveden postupak njihovog vrednovanja. Najbolje ocijenjeni koncept podvrgunt je daljnjoj konstrukcijskoj razradi. Stoga je u trećem dijelu rada prikazan proračun potrebnih elemenata vozila poput košare za spašavanje, teleskopskog dohvatnika i njegovih segmenata, okretnog postolja, pomoćne šasije te pripadajućih mehanizama za održavanje horizontalnog položaja košare, za promjenu nagiba i rotaciju dohvatnika. Također proveden je i proračun stabilnosti kako bi se odredio dopušteni kut nagiba i prostor djelovanja dohvatnika. Na kraju rada prikazan je 3D model vozila te popratana tehnička dokumentacija izrađena u CAD alatu Creo ParametricThis thesis was developed in collaboration with the company Ziegler Ltd., and it presents the calculation and construction process of a fire truck with a telescopic boom and basket (Aerial Ladder Platform), intended for firefighting and rescue operations. Due to various application possibilities and the increasing occurrence of different natural disasters, the need for these vehicles is growing. The company manufactures firefighting and special vehicles to order, so the first part of the thesis presents the customer's requirements and the selected base vehicle. In the second part, an overview of the existing solutions of identical vehicles was carried out and presented, based on which several conceptual solutions were defined, after which the process of their evaluation was carried out. The highest rated concept is subjected to further construction development. The third part of the thesis presents the calculation of the necessary vehicle elements such as the rescue basket, telescopic boom and its segments, rotating base, auxiliary chassis, and associated mechanisms for maintaining the horizontal position of the basket, changing the tilt, and rotating the boom. Stability calculations are also performed to determine the permissible tilt angle and the working range of the telescopic boom. At the end of the thesis, a 3D model of the vehicle is presented along with the accompanying technical documentation created in the CAD tool Creo Parametric
Phytochemical characterization of the Melissae folium extracts
No full textMatičnjakov list (Melissae folium) je ljekovita biljna droga koja se temeljem dugogodišnjeiskustvene primjene preporuča kod blagih simptoma stresa, kao pomoć pri spavanju i protiv blažihprobavnih tegoba. Povoljan utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje pripisuje se sadržaju polifenolnih iterpenskih sastavnica te je stoga važno odrediti njihov sadržaj i sastav u ekstraktima spotencijalnom primjenom u prevenciji i fitoterapiji.
U okviru ovog diplomskog rada provedena je fitokemijska karakterizacija različitih ekstrakatamatičnjakovog lista. U tu su svrhu u vodenim i vodenoetanolnim ekstraktimaspektrofotometrijskim metodama određeni sadržaji ukupnih flavonoida i fenolnih kiselina te jeHPLC-DAD metodom određen sadržaj ružmarinske kiseline kao najzastupljenije polifenolnebioaktivne sastavnice. GC-MS metodom provedena je analiza sastavnica eteričnog uljamatičnjakovog lista. Dobiveni rezultati doprinose znanstvenim spoznajama o bioaktivnimsastavnicama i biomedicinskom potencijalu ekstrakata matičnjaka hrvatskog porijekla.Lemon balm leaf (Melissae folium) is a herbal drug that is, due to experience with its longtraditional use, recommended as medicine for mild mental stress symptoms relief, to aid sleep andmild gastrointestinal complaints. Its beneficial effect on human health is related to the content ofpolyphenolic and terpene compounds and because of that it is important to determine their contentand composition in extracts with the potential of being used in prevention and phytotherapy.
In this thesis a phytochemical characterization of different lemon balm leaf extracts was done.Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the content of total flavonoids and phenolicacids in aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts and HPLC-DAD method was used to determine thecontent of rosmarinic acid as a main polyphenolic bioactive compund. GC-MS method was used toanalyse the compounds of the lemon balm leaf essential oil, The obtained results contribute to thescientific knowledges on the bioactive compounds and biomedicinal potential of the lemon balmextracts from Croatia
SPME-GC-MS analiza odabranih fotoinicijatora u papirnatim i kartonskim materijalima za pakiranje hrane
No full textMost food products are packaged. Paper is mainly used for this purpose, especially due to the increased awareness of the plastics impact on the environment. Due to its good printability, it is usually printed with UV inks. These contain photoinitiators, which have a low molecular weight and can be prone to migration. However, in order to comply with the framework regulation (EC) 1935/2004, printing inks must not release substances to the packaged food in quantities that could lead to undesirable changes. Therefore, this work focused on the development of a highly sensitive, selective and accurate SPME-GC-MS method for the determination of selected photoinitiators in paper and board food packaging materials. An internal standard method was used for quantification, so method is optimised to be less labour intensive and require little sample preparation time. Selected packaging materials from supermarkets were analysed and photoinitiators were found in some of them.Većina prehrambenih proizvoda je pakirana. U tu se svrhu uglavnom koristi papir, posebice zbog povećane svijesti o utjecaju plastike na okoliš. Zbog dobre mogućnosti ispisa većina ih se tiska UV-tintama. One sadrže fotoinicijatore koji su niske molekularne mase te su skloni migraciji. Kako bi bile usklađene s Uredbom (EZ) 1935/2004, tiskarske tinte ne smiju ispuštati tvari u pakiranu hranu u količinama koje bi mogle dovesti do neželjenih promjena. Stoga je cilj ovog rada razvoj vrlo osjetljive, selektivne i točne SPME-GC-MS metode za određivanje odabranih fotoinicijatora u papirnim i kartonskim materijalima za pakiranje hrane. Za kvantifikaciju je korištena interna standardna metoda, tako da je metoda optimizirana da bude manje radno intenzivna i zahtijeva malo vremena za pripremu uzorka. Analizirani su odabrani materijali za pakiranje iz supermarketa te su u nekima od njih pronađeni fotoinicijatori
Application of alternative fuels in power system of a cruise ship
No full textAlternativna goriva u pomorskoj industriji intenzivno se istražuju s ciljem smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje primjenu alternativnih goriva (vodika, amonijaka, ukapljenog prirodnog plina, metanola, biodizela i potpuno elektrificiranog sustava) u energetskom sustavu broda za kružna putovanja. Rezultati analize životnog ciklusa (eng. Life-Cycle Assessment, LCA) i analize cjeloživotnih troškova LCCA ( eng. Life-Cycle Cost Assessment, LCCA) različitih alternativnih goriva su uspoređeni s konvencionalnim energetskim sustavom kao referentnim scenarijem. LCA analizom izračunate su emisije ugljikovog dioksida (CO2), emisije sumpornih oksida (SOx), dušikovih oksida (NOx) i lebdećih čestica manjih od 2,5 mikrona (PM 2,5) dok LCCA analiza obuhvaća troškove vezane uz brodski energetski sustav kao i uvođenje ugljičnog poreza čije se kretanje cijena kroz godine predvidjelo Monte Carlo simulacijama. LCA rezultati pokazali su da primjena dizelskog goriva na promatranom brodu rezultira s najvećim CO2 emisijama, dok je čist biodizel istaknut kao ekološki najprihvatljivije gorivo među analiziranim gorivima prema ekološkim kriterijima. Analiza pokazuje da oba goriva, i dizel i čisti biodizel te biodizel u mješavini, daju loše rezultate kad su u pitanju SOx, NOx i PM 2,5 emisije. Metanol se ističe kao najbolji izbor za smanjenje PM 2,5 i SOx emisija, dok se vodik pokazuje najboljim kad je riječ o NOx emisijama. LCCA rezultati pokazali su da brod pogonjen ukapljenim prirodnim plinom ima najmanje troškove, dok se amonijak pokazao kao gorivo koje je ekonomski najneisplativije. Na temelju prosječnih vrijednosti cijena ugljičnog poreza tijekom proteklih 18 godina i njihove stope promjene može se predvidjeti njihov budući trend kretanja. Prema rezultatima simulacije, očekuje se kretanje cijene poreza između 220 i 600 €/t CO2 za 2050. godinu.Alternative fuels in the maritime industry are intensively researched with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis explores the application of alternative fuels (hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied natural gas, methanol, biodiesel, and fully electrified systems) in the energy system of cruise ships. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life-Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) analyses of various alternative fuels are compared with a conventional energy system as the reference scenario. LCA analysis investigates carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter less than 2,5 microns (PM 2,5), while LCCA includes costs related to the ship's energy system and the introduction of a carbon tax, whose price fluctuations over the years were predicted through Monte Carlo simulations. LCA results indicate that using diesel fuel in the observed ship results in the highest CO2 emissions, while pure biodiesel is highlighted as the most environmentally acceptable fuel among those studied in terms of CO2 emissions. Research shows that both diesel and pure biodiesel, as well as biodiesel blends, perform poorly in terms of SOx, NOx, and PM 2,5 emissions. Methanol emerges as the best choice for reducing PM 2,5 and SOx emissions, while hydrogen is the best option for NOx emissions. LCCA results indicate that a ship powered by liquefied natural gas has the lowest costs, while ammonia is economically the least viable fuel. Based on average carbon tax prices over the past 18 years and their rate of change, future trends can be predicted. According to simulation results, the carbon tax price is expected to fluctuate between 220 and 600 €/t CO2 by the year 2050
Determining the minimum of quality of life: Case study of Krapina-Zagorje County
No full textOvaj rad problematizira kvalitetu života u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji. Hijerarhijskom klaster analizom naselja Županije grupirana su u šest klastera (tipova) naselja prema broju i dostupnosti usluga od općeg interesa. Kako bi se identificirale potrebe stanovništva, korištena je mješovita metodologija, koja podrazumijeva primjenu kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih metoda, odnosno fokusnih skupina i anketnog istraživanja. Iako minimum kvalitete života predstavlja nešto elementarno i nužno za život, aspekti koji ga čine variraju ovisno o klasteru stanovanja i potrebama stanovništva. Kvalitetom života u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji ispitanici su generalno zadovoljni; ona uglavnom koincidira s brojem i dostupnošću usluga od općeg interesa – što je naselje opremljenije uslugama, to je kvaliteta života veća. Ipak, uočena je iznimka u smanjenom zadovoljstvu u onim klasterima koji su opremljeniji uslugama, a u bliskoj prošlostisu zabilježili pad broja usluga od općeg interesa. Usluge od općeg interesa imaju snažan kohezivni učinak – one okupljaju stanovništvo i doprinose zajednici, dok njihovo gašenje utječe na (sve manju) socijalizaciju te gubitak osjećaja mjesta i zajedništva. Najveće prednosti života u Županiji predstavljaju sigurnost naselja, odnosno mogućnost neometanog kretanja javnim prostorom te blizina prirode kao mjesta provođenja slobodnog vremena. S druge strane, kao najveći nedostatak ističe se loša povezanost javnim prijevozom, koji igra važnu ulogu u dostupnosti usluga nužnih za svakodnevno funkcioniranje kod onih koji nemaju pristup osobnom automobilu.This paper examines the quality of life in Krapina-Zagorje County. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, the County’s settlements were grouped into six clusters (types) based on the number and accessibility of services of general interest. In order to identify the population's needs, a mixed-methods approach was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, specifically focus groups and surveys. While the minimum of quality of life represents something fundamental and necessary for living, the aspects that constitute it vary depending on the cluster and the needs of the population. Respondents are generally satisfied with the quality of life in Krapina-Zagorje County, which largely coincides with the number and availability of services of general interest— the better a settlement is equipped with services, the higher the quality of life. However, an exception was observed in clusters that are well-equipped with services but have experienced a decline in the number of services of general interest in recent years, leading to decreased satisfaction. Services of general interest have a strong cohesive effect – they contribute to the community, while their ceasing negatively impacts socialization and leads to a loss of sense of place and belonging. Key advantages of Krapina-Zagorje County include the safety of its settlements, which allows for free movement in public spaces, as well as its proximity to nature, regarded as a recreational space. On the other hand, the most significant drawback is the lack of efficient public transport services, which are crucial for accessing essential services, particularly for those without access to private vehicles
Outdoor fairs as a part of the tourism offer of the city of Zagreb
No full textTema završnog rada je turistički značaj sajmova na otvorenom na primjeru sajmova u Gradu Zagrebu. U radu se obrađuje značenje sajmova na otvorenom. Slijedi SWOT analiza tržnica i analiza marketinškog značaja sajmova. Istražuje se privlačnost ponude sajmova na otvorenom za domaće i strane turiste. Za komparativnu analizu na svjetskoj razini uzeti su sajmovi Francuske i Velike Britanije, a na razini Grada Zagreba uzeti su sajmovi Britanac, Sesvete, Opatovina, te detaljnije istražen, sajam Hrelić. Sajmovi na ovorenom su način da se turistička lokacija promovira i smjesti na turističkoj karti. Detaljno je obrađena ponuda smještajnih kapaciteta, društvenih resursa i analiza organizacije turizma Grada Zagreba. Rad je dotaknuo pitanje organizacijske strukture sajmova obzirom na primjer sajma u privatnom upravljanju i sajmova kojima upravlja grad Zagreb