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Expression of Hedgehog GLI signaling pathway members in primary human head and neck tumor cell lines
No full textSignalni put Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) je ključan u embrionalnom razvoju čovjeka i drugih sisavaca, a u odraslom organizmu aktivan je samo u održavanju matičnih stanica i cijeljenju rana. Transkripcijski faktori GLI mogu doprinijeti nenormalnoj funkciji ili regulaciji signalizacije što često dovodi do razvoja karcinoma kao što je karcinom pločastih stanica glave i vrata (HNSCC). On obuhvaća tumore koji nastaju u usnoj šupljini, grkljanu, gornjem, srednjem i donjem dijelu ždrijela i žlijezdama slinovnicama te po zastupljenosti predstavlja 6% svih karcinoma u ljudskoj populaciji s izuzetno visokim postotkom smrtnosti. Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj proučavanje tumorskih stanica stvaranjem primarnih staničnih linija. Uspoređivali smo gene signalnog puta HH-GLI u tim staničnim linijama s onima u tumorima iz kojih potječu. Također, testirali smo određene inhibitore signalnog puta HH-GLI kako bi se uvidio njihov utjecaj na ekspresiju gena i proteina. Osim toga, usporedili smo dobivene rezultate s onima dobivenim drugim istraživanjem na komercijalnim staničnim linijama. Utvrđeno je da inhibitori, poput LiCl, GANT61 i ATO, različito utječu na signalni put HH-GLI. Konkretno, primijećeno je da LiCl aktivira fosforilaciju GSK3β u citoplazmi, dok GANT61 i ATO, kada se nalaze u jezgri stanice, djeluju izravno na faktore transkripcije. Razumijevanje i manipuliranje tim molekularnim mehanizmima moglo bi utrti put inovativnim terapijskim pristupima u borbi protiv raka povezanih s deregulacijom HH-GLI.The Hedgehog GLI (HH GLI) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the embryonic
development of humans and other mammals. In the adult organism, its activation is limited to
the stem cells maintenance and wound healing processes. However, dysregulation of GLI
transcription factors in this pathway can lead to aberrant signaling, often contributing to the
development of cancers, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC
encompasses tumors arising in various regions, including the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx
(upper, mi ddle, and lower parts), and s alivary glands. It constitutes approximately 6% of all
cancers and is associated with a particularly high mortality rate. This research aimed to study
tumor cells by creating primary cell lines. We compared the HH GLI pathway genes in these
cell lines with those in the tumors they originated from . We also tested certain inhibitors on a
HH GLI pathway to see how they affected expression of genes and proteins. We also compared
our results with another study on commercial cell line s. The inhibitors, like LiCl, GANT61, and
ATO, were found to impact the HH GLI pathway differently. Specifically, LiCl was observed
to activate GSK3 β phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, while GANT61 and ATO, when located
in the cell nucleus , act directly towards influencing transcription factors . Understanding and
manipulating these molecular mechanisms could pave the way for innovative therapeutic
approaches in fighting cancers associated with HH GLI dysregulation
Funkcionalna analiza gena povezanih s glikozilacijom imunoglobulina G
No full textImmunoglobulin G (IgG) is a key player in the human immune system. Pletohora of its roles is determined by its alternative N-glycosylation of Fc region, which has a role in defining its pro- or antiinflamatory character. Except Fc region, 20-25% of IgG molecules are glycosylated on the Fab region. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed that IgG glycosylation is regulated by a complex gene network including genes with roles in immune cell development and immune response. However, role of these genes in IgG glycosylation is unknown. Therefore, twenty-three of GWAS hits were selected for functional validation in a model system FreeStyle™ 293-F with VPR-dSaCas9 and KRAB-dSpCas9 stably integrated in the genome. This system was modified for simultaneous analysis of Fab and Fc glycosylation followed by gene manipulation. Ten genes were functionally proven to be relevant for Fab and/or Fc glycosylation: KIF3C, MANBA, TNFRSF13B, EEF1A1, HIVEP2, TBX21, SPPL3, DERL2, RRBP1, and KDELR2.Imunoglobulin G (IgG) jedan je od ključnih igrača u imunom sustavu čovjeka s velikim brojem različih uloga koje su određene altrernativnom N-glikozilacijom njegove Fc regije, uključujući njegovo proupalno ili protuupalno djelovanje. Izuzev regije Fc, 20-25% molekula IgG je glikozilirano na regiji Fab. Cjelogenomske studije povezanosti (engl. genome wide association studies, GWAS) su otkrile da je glikozilacija IgG-a regulirana kompleksnom mrežom gena koja uključuje gene s ulogom u razvoju imunoloških stanica i imunološkim odgovorima, čija uloga u IgG glikozilaciji nije poznata. Dvadesettri gena otkrivenih studijama GWAS odabrano je za funkcionalnu validaciju u staničnom modelu FreeStyle™ 293-F sa stabilno ugrađenim fuzijama VPR-dSaCas9 i KRAB-dSpCas9 za manipulaciju gena, a koji je modificiran u svrhu istovremene analize glikozilacije regija Fab i Fc. Rezultat ovog istraživanja otkriva deset gena (identificiranih studijama GWAS) s ulogom u Fab i/ili Fc glikozilacijskom putu: KIF3C, MANBA, TNFRSF13B, EEF1A1, HIVEP2, TBX21, SPPL3, DERL2, RRBP1 i KDELR2
Removal of xenobiotics by biodegradation using a mixed bacterial culture
No full textNapredak svih ljudskih djelatnosti omogućio je bolju kvalitetu života, ali je i doveo do povećanog ispuštanja ksenobiotika u okoliš koji nepravilnim zbrinjavanjem narušavaju kakvoću okoliša. Sve češći takvi antropogeni spojevi su upravo farmaceutici. Zbog njihove sveprisutnosti u okolišu dolazi do razvijanja otpornosti na antibiotike kod različitih mikrooganizama. Kako bi se riješila problematika ksenobiotika u okolišu, primjenjuje se postupak biorazgradnje. To je ekonomičan i okolišno prihvatljiv postupak koji iskorištava prirodno urođene metaboličke i enzimatske sposobnosti mikroorganizama za razgradnju organskih onečišćujućih tvari. U ovome radu provedeno je istraživanje procesa biorazgradnje β-laktamskog antibiotika amoksicilina pomoću bakterijskih kultura Pseudomonas aeruginosa i Bacillus subtilis. Početne koncentracije amoksicilina izražene preko kemijske potrošnje kisika (KPK) iznosile su 278 mg L^-1 za pokus P1 i 658 mg L^-1 za pokus P2. Za uvid u učinkovitost biorazgradnje provedeni su testovi osjetljivosti i mikroskopska analiza. Učinkovitost procesa biorazgradnje iznosila je za P. aeruginosa 49,6 % i 36,2 % i za B. subtilis 99,7 % i 48,5 % u pokusima P1 i P2.The progress in all human activities has ensured a better quality of life, but it has also led to increased release of xenobiotic compounds into the environment. Due to their improper disposal, they disrupt environmental quality. Such anthropogenic compounds, increasingly present in the environment, are pharmaceuticals. Their ubiquitous presence in the environment contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance in various microorganisms. To solve the problem of xenobiotics in the environment, the biodegradation process is used. This is an economical and environmentally friendly process that utilizes the natural metabolic and enzymatic abilities of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants. In this study, research was conducted on the biodegradation process of the β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin using bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Initial concentrations of amoxicillin, expressed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) values, were 278 mg L^-1 and 658 mg L^-1 for experiments P1 and P2. To gain insight into the efficiency of biodegradation, sensitivity tests and microscopic analyses were performed.
The biodegradability was 49.6 % and 36.2 % for P. aeruginosa and 99.7 % and 48.5 % for
B. subtilis in trials P1 and P2, respectively
Association of serum concentrations of interleukins IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 and IL-22 with the etiopathogenesis and assessment of clinical activity of nonsegmental form of vitiligo
No full textVitiligo je stečeni, kronični idiopatski poremećaj pigmentacije koji se očituje pojavom depigmentiranih makula na koži, a nastaje zbog selektivnog gubitka melanocita. Autoimunosna teorija se smatra vodećom etiopatogetskom teorijom nastanka vitiliga. Citokini su ključni medijatori stanične komunikacije i imaju značajnu ulogu u razvoju, diferencijaciji i regulaciji upalnog odgovora koji dovodi do pojave autoimunosti. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bilo ispitati povezanost nesegmentalnog oblika vitiliga i serumske koncentracije interleukina (IL) IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 i IL- 22 te dobivene vrijednosti usporediti s težinom kliničke slike, aktivnošću te trajanjem bolesti. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 78 ispitanika, od kojih 52 bolesnika sa nesegmentalnim vitiligom i 26 ispitanika u kontrolnoj skupini. U skupini bolesnika s nesegmentalnim oblikom vitiliga su izmjerene značajno više serumske koncentracije IL-19 i IL-21 te niže serumske koncentracije IL-18 i IL-22 u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu ispitanika. Nije pronađena značajnija korelacija između težine kliničke slike, aktivnosti i trajanja bolesti. Ovim istraživanjem je prvi puta do sada učinjena analiza serumskih koncentracija kombinacije citokina IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 i IL-22 te su po prvi puta određene serumske koncentracije IL-18 i IL-19. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu doprinijeti boljem razumijevanju kompleksne etiopatogeneze vitiliga, ali mogu i poslužiti kao prilog spoznaji za mogući razvoj ciljane terapije, uključivši i proizvodnju monoklonskih protutijela. S obzirom da je u ovo istraživanje bio uključen relativno mali broj ispitanika, potrebne su dodatne studije na većem broju ispitanika u različitim fazama bolesti koje bi razjasnile značenje IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 i IL-22 u etiopatogenezi i kliničkim značajkama ove bolesti, kao i u mogućem razvoju ciljane terapije.Vitiligo is an acquired, chronic idiopathic pigmentation disorder that presenting with depigmented macules, caused by the selective loss of melanocytes. The autoimmune theory is considered to be the leading aetiopathogetic theory of vitiligo. Cytokines are key mediators of cellular communication and play a significant role in the development, differentiation, and regulation of the autoimmune inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the non-segmental form of vitiligo and the interleukins (IL) IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 and IL- 22 by measuring the serum concentration of these interleukins and to compare them with clinical severity, activity and disease duration. Seventy-eight patients were included into this study, out of whom 52 patients with nonsegmental vitiligo and 26 patients in the control group. Significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-19 and IL-21 and lower serum concentrations of IL-18 and IL- 22 were assessed in the group of patients with non-segmental vitiligo compared to the control group. No significant correlation was found between the severity, activity, and duration of the disease. This study was the first so far to analyze serum concentrations of the combination of cytokines IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 and IL-22 and to determine serum concentrations of IL-18 and IL- 19. The results of this research might contribute to the better understanding of the complex aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo, but might also contribute to the development of targeted biological therapy, i.e. the production of monoclonal antibodies. Given that a relatively small number of subjects were included in this study, additional studies are needed on a larger number of patients at different stages of the disease to clarify the role of IL-18, IL-19, IL-21 and IL-22 in the aetiopathogenesis of vitligo, its clinical characteristics and in the potential development of targeted therapy
Language identity of popular music lyricists of the Dalmatian regiolect
No full textRazličiti društveno-povijesni čimbenici nastali u razdobljima promjenjivih jezičnih politika, stoljetnih previranja po pitanju tvorbe standardnoga jezika te dugotrajnih i mnogostrukih utjecaja stranih uprava rezultirali su heterogenom slikom hrvatskoga dijalekatskog područja i promjenama u vrijednosnim percepcijama jezičnih varijeteta. Nacionalna popularnost i prestiž dalmatinskoga regiolekta od šezdesetih su godina 20. st. postignuti posredstvom medija, serijalima Velo Misto i Naše malo misto, popularnom glazbom i Festivalom zabavne glazbe Split, a u 21. st. novonastalim Klapskim valom. Tekstopisci popularne glazbe na području dalmatinskoga regiolekta svojim autorskim radom doprinose njegovoj popularizaciji. Međutim, potaknuti različitom motivacijom uz regiolekt u tekstovima koriste i druge jezične varijetete, standardni hrvatski jezik, čakavicu te autorske hibridne jezike. Cilj rada jest izraditi jezične biografije autora iz kojih će se definirati različiti jezični varijeteti kojima se služe iz svoga osobnog repertoara i koji čine njihov jezični identitet. Triangulacijom s podatcima dobivenima iz makroanalize sadržaja narativa, analize idiolekta te analize autorskih jezika istražila se polazišna tezu o kružnom procesu u kojemu se društveno-političke i jezične mijene odražavaju na idiolekte i autorske jezične odabire u glazbenim tekstovima, a koji pak, s druge strane, brzom rasprostranjivosti preko masovnih medija utječu na jezične ideologije te nacionalnu afirmaciju i popularnost regiolekta. Ovo je kvalitativno, interdisciplinarno istraživanje iz područja sociolingvistike, glazbenotekstne lingvistike, dijalektologije i jezične biografistike čiji inovativan metodološki okvir obuhvaća jezičnobiografski intervju, kvalitativnu analizu sadržaja, metode tekstne lingvistike, dodirnog jezikoslovlja i analize diskursa koja otkriva kojim diskursnim strategijama pozicioniraju varijetete te konstruiraju individualne i društvene identitete. Autorskim radom nastaju pjesme s kojima se slušatelji poistovjećuju pa je u radu predstavljen inovativan, novoosmišljeni model pjevanog diskursa u kojemu se iskazuju, izgrađuju te prenose (višestruki) identiteti. Analizom zabilježenog govora potvrđeno je da se primarni i sekundarni jezični utjecaji ogledaju u idiolektima ispitanika. Tekstna analiza pjesama potvrdila je polazišnu tezu da su jezična politika restandardizacije hrvatskoga jezika u svrhu izgradnje nacionalnog identiteta te utjecaj američke rock kulture i razvoj urbane splitske scene devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća utjecali na autore i rezultirali češćom uporabom standardnoga jezika u njihovim tadašnjim autorskim tekstovima. Također, jačanje regiolekata u 21. stoljeću, kao i osobno sazrijevanje nekih autora, rezultiralo je češćom uporabom regiolekta u tekstovima ranih dvije tisućitih godina do danas. Triangulacijom podataka svih analiza dobiveni su vrijedni odgovori na istraživačka pitanja: autori iskazuju snažan lokalni identitet; koriste više jezičnih varijeteta potaknuti različitom motivacijom; u školama se uporaba dijalektalnog govora branila ili poticala ovisno o društveno-povijesnim prilikama određenog razdoblja; posvjedočili su popularnosti dalmatinskog regiolekta u drugim krajevima Hrvatske i susjednih zemalja; osnovni motivi za njegovu uporabu u tekstovima jesu melodioznost, emotivnost i autentičnost, a istraživanje je otkrilo i promjenu u pristupu medija prema dalmatinskom regiolektu od 1960-ih do danas.Različiti društveno-povijesni čimbenici nastali u razdobljima promjenjivih jezičnih
politika, stoljetnih previranja po pitanju tvorbe standardnoga jezika te dugotrajnih i mnogostrukih
utjecaja stranih uprava rezultirali su heterogenom slikom hrvatskoga dijalekatskog područja i
promjenama u vrijednosnim percepcijama jezičnih varijeteta. Nacionalna popularnost i prestiž
dalmatinskoga regiolekta od šezdesetih su godina 20. st. postignuti posredstvom medija, serijalima
Velo Misto i Naše malo misto, popularnom glazbom i Festivalom zabavne glazbe Split, a u 21. st.
novonastalim Klapskim valom. Tekstopisci popularne glazbe na području dalmatinskoga
regiolekta svojim autorskim radom doprinose njegovoj popularizaciji. Međutim, potaknuti
različitom motivacijom uz regiolekt u tekstovima koriste i druge jezične varijetete, standardni
hrvatski jezik, čakavicu te autorske hibridne jezike. Cilj rada jest izraditi jezične biografije autora
iz kojih će se definirati različiti jezični varijeteti kojima se služe iz svoga osobnog repertoara i koji
čine njihov jezični identitet. Triangulacijom s podatcima dobivenima iz makroanalize sadržaja
narativa, analize idiolekta te analize autorskih jezika istražila se polazišna tezu o kružnom procesu
u kojemu se društveno-političke i jezične mijene odražavaju na idiolekte i autorske jezične odabire
u glazbenim tekstovima, a koji pak, s druge strane, brzom rasprostranjivosti preko masovnih
medija utječu na jezične ideologije te nacionalnu afirmaciju i popularnost regiolekta. Ovo je
kvalitativno, interdisciplinarno istraživanje iz područja sociolingvistike, glazbenotekstne
lingvistike, dijalektologije i jezične biografistike čiji inovativan metodološki okvir obuhvaća
jezičnobiografski intervju, kvalitativnu analizu sadržaja, metode tekstne lingvistike, dodirnog
jezikoslovlja i analize diskursa koja otkriva kojim diskursnim strategijama pozicioniraju varijetete
te konstruiraju individualne i društvene identitete. Autorskim radom nastaju pjesme s kojima se
slušatelji poistovjećuju pa je u radu predstavljen inovativan, novoosmišljeni model pjevanog
diskursa u kojemu se iskazuju, izgrađuju te prenose (višestruki) identiteti. Analizom zabilježenog
govora potvrđeno je da se primarni i sekundarni jezični utjecaji ogledaju u idiolektima ispitanika.
Tekstna analiza pjesama potvrdila je polazišnu tezu da su jezična politika restandardizacije
hrvatskoga jezika u svrhu izgradnje nacionalnog identiteta te utjecaj američke rock kulture i razvoj
urbane splitske scene devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća utjecali na autore i rezultirali češćom uporabom standardnoga jezika u njihovim tadašnjim autorskim tekstovima. Također, jačanje
regiolekata u 21. stoljeću, kao i osobno sazrijevanje nekih autora, rezultiralo je češćom uporabom
regiolekta u tekstovima ranih dvije tisućitih godina do danas. Triangulacijom podataka svih analiza
dobiveni su vrijedni odgovori na istraživačka pitanja: autori iskazuju snažan lokalni identitet;
koriste više jezičnih varijeteta potaknuti različitom motivacijom; u školama se uporaba
dijalektalnog govora branila ili poticala ovisno o društveno-povijesnim prilikama određenog
razdoblja; posvjedočili su popularnosti dalmatinskog regiolekta u drugim krajevima Hrvatske i
susjednih zemalja; osnovni motivi za njegovu uporabu u tekstovima jesu melodioznost, emotivnost
i autentičnost, a istraživanje je otkrilo i promjenu u pristupu medija prema dalmatinskom
regiolektu od 1960-ih do danas.1. Introduction In Croatia there is a rich history of research of its three dialects, the turbulent processes of language standardization and the status of language varieties. The specific internal variety dynamics is also reflected in language practices of popular music songwriters from the 1960s to the present day, with special notice that there was a tendency of writing lyrics in standard Croatian during the nineties. It was a war and post-war period during which political and linguistic tendencies were designed to strengthen national unity and identity. The aim of the research is to investigate the circular process in which socio-political and linguistic circumstances are reflected in author’s language choices in musical texts, which in turn through rapid media widespread influence language ideologies, national affirmation of the Dalmatian regiolect and supra-regional language norms at the lexical and phraseological level. The theoretical framework of this interdisciplinary research consists of language biographical studies, text linguistics and contact linguistics, dialectology and musical text linguistics. It uses sociolinguistic terminology, and where the research results require, Croatian dialectological terminology is applied. The research is based on the qualitative analysis of narrative interviews with ten most popular authors selected because they write in the Dalmatian regiolect and standard Croatian, in periods of significant change in language policies. The formal-functional structure of the narrative, discourse strategies used by the informants to express positioning and the construction of individual and collective identities are analysed. Furthermore, by analysing their musical texts (lyrics) it is determined whether they write in standard Croatian during the nineties and to what extent do the narrative statements about their linguistic tendencies match their actual authorial language practice. The analysis of their idiolect, recorded in the interview, determined which language variant they speak and if it matches their authorial language. All the data is then combined in order to recreate the picture of certain language ideologies in the last seventy years and to reconstruct language biographies of the most important songwriters in the Dalmatian regiolect area. 2. Theoretical framework and previous research According to Ivo Žanić (2016), the beginning of sociolinguistics in Croatia is considered to be the 1952 article by Slavko Pavešić which presented language practices of Croatian speakers as a specific dialectal situation. In 1997 Dalibor Brozović pointed out that the three dialects essentially define Croatian language and enrich it with a built-in heritage. However, such an affirmative attitude towards dialects was not viewed favourably by language purists in certain years and regional varieties were usually stigmatized and corrected as wrong within the educational system. This influenced the public perception and status of Croatian dialects and other language varieties. In the first half of the 20th century, the Adriatic area was not integrated into the national identity narrative and Katičić (2004: 14) asserted that the Dalmatian regiolect was unfairly neglected as a result of national linguistic standardization which was "performed in the light of inappropriate linguistic ideology". However, the integration of the regiolect into the national cultural and linguistic framework took place in the 1960s mainly through media, especially TV series Malo and Velo Misto, popular music and the Split Festival. A natural absorption occurred of the Mediterranean sociocultural lexicon into the Novoštokavian, standard language norm (Žanić, 2016: 195). Thus, one can say that popular music "actually corrects what the educational system often fails to set in elementary school" (Žanić, 2015a). Based on the Bourdieu's 1992 theoretical model, standard language tends to acquire a hegemonic position and prestige in relation to other varieties through the mediation of schools and through its connection with elite groups, but it seems that this is not the case in Croatia (Žanić, 2015b). The first Croatian research on the status of varieties conducted in 1988 showed that high school students actually attribute prestige to the Split and Zagreb vernaculars, as idioms of the most important urban national centres, and not to the standard language which has a reduced status (Jakovčević, 1988). More recent research (Sujoldžić, 2009; Šimičić and Sujoldžić, 2013) also show a rather low status of the standard, which "is not surprising given the frequent perception of this variant as artificial and formalized" (Sujoldžić, 2009: 101). Based on research of the role of varieties in popular music in Croatia, sociolinguist Ivo Žanić confirms that the three dialects or regional varieties – Kajkavian, South Chakavian and North Chakavian – are recognized in popular music genres. The sociolinguistic role of popular music and festivals in the emancipation of dialects and their speakers was highlighted in 1972 by linguist Ljudevit Jonke who claimed that dialects are vital thanks to music and that they transcend their local area reach. The aforementioned role of the festival was also apostrophized by Stjepko Težak (1997: 21) and Dubravka Sesar who pointed out that through the mediation of popular music and festivals dialects do not disappear but "consolidate and achieve a certain degree of autonomy" (2004: 74). The widespread of the Dalmatian regiolect started in the sixties through media and popular music and gained full national recognition in the former state of Jugoslavija during the eighties, also called the Golden period of Split Festival. A crucial historic overturn happened in 1990 when Jugoslavija started fragmentizing and the Croatian War of Independence changed political and linguistic circumstances. In Croatia the 1990s were largely characterized by linguistic purism and prescriptivism intended to distinguish Croatian from Serbian (Kapović, 2013: 392) and patriotic songs sung in Croatian by means of which politicians and linguists were empowering national identity through Croatian language independence and purity. On the other hand, it was during the late eighties and nineties when a strong urban music scene developed in Split under the influence of American and British pop and rock bands. It is notable that under both circumstances authors of popular music in the area of Dalmatian regiolect started writing lyrics in the standard Croatian variety more often than in the regiolect. Only in the region of Istria did the northern Chakavian dialect become stronger through the "Ča wave" music genre whose authors were influenced by the linguistic policy of deliberate preservation of dialects (Žanić, 2015a). In the 21st century the ideas of nation, language, and identity started being questioned under the influence of neoliberalism, globalization, and economic and political conditions that lead countries into post-nationalism (Heller, 2011). At the turn of the millennium, the three original dialects in Croatia transformed into a trinity combined of standard – Zagreb vernacular –Split vernacular (or Dalmatian regiolect), and the standard's "functional and thematic comprehensiveness was challenged", especially in media and popular music (Žanić, 2010). Various language varieties and dialects started to be heard more often in popular TV shows on national and private TV, so there seems to be more liberty in using one’s idiolect freely in media discourse and thus in music lyrics as well. Today new authors are open to linguistic innovations and use idioms creatively (Žanić, 2015a). However, their idiom is no longer an "authentic dialect" but a hybridized slang dialect (Berruto, 1994) in which the dominant distinguishing features of the Chakavian dialect are eliminated (Vranić and Zubčić, 2015: 53) and anglicisms give it a modern touch and prestige. Choosing a non-standard language variety in lyrics is thus an act of identification which enables authors to escape into linguistic anarchism and individualism (Robertson, 1994). Through their linguistic choices they position themselves in the world and define the groups they consider to be members of and those they want to distinguish themselves from (Novak, 2012: 147–199). However, Peti-Stantić and Langston (2013: 3) conclude that it is usually not possible to completely objectively describe the relations between language communities and language varieties by means of theoretically accepted classifications of languages and dialects, but it is necessary to take into account various sociolinguistic factors. Because we are reconstructing biographies in this research we are dealing with all notions of identities, individual, collective, local, regional, national, and authorial. In contemporary linguistics, researches of the connection between language and identity began with variationist sociolinguistics in the 1970s which presented results statistically. In the last few decades, under the influence of poststructuralist thought, the essentialist notion of an unchanging and permanent identity has been rejected so identities are viewed as dynamic, fluid, changing and often contradictory processes (De Fina et al., 2006; Benwell and Stokoe, 2006) and are investigated in qualitative studies. Kalogjera (2007: 261) pointed out that identity is most clearly expressed in discourse, in communicative interaction, "when a communicatively competent individual chooses expressions from one’s language repertoire by means of which one builds and expresses identity, that is, the identity of belonging to a certain group". So, when describing a speaker's identity and social roles, later approaches such as interactionist sociolinguistics started taking into account the situational context and social and discourse conventions of language use (Bamberg et al., 2007). Identity is thus expressed and built through narrative, which was defined as the oral transmission of personal experiences by Labov and Waletzki in 1967. Labov later set theoretical guidelines for the sociolinguistic analysis of narratives and Schiffrin (1996) also emphasized that the central function of the narrative is the sociolinguistic construction of identity. With the development of sociolinguistics, the narrator as the bearer of cultural and social norms, the functional characteristics of the narrative, the situational context and narrative expression of identity started being studied. In this study we adopt the concept of identity as it is determined in Western, postmodern societies, as a fragmented and plural concept and as a reflection of socio-historical circumstances (Lucius-Hoene and Deppermann, 2004), and determine in which ways and by which discourse means the authors/informants express and build their identities. Because the informants produce lyrics, which are texts intended to be sung and are thus research material in musical discourse, we adopted analytical methods of musical text analysis which determined how musical discourse is used to express identity and how it can be used as a tool for social change (Pavlovova, 2013). Sociolinguist Ivo Žanić set the framework of musical text sociolinguistics in Croatia and expanded the terminological dichotomy of two types of language discourse – spoken and written – into a triadic division by introducing the so-called sung discourse, as part of the broader musical discourse theory. In this paper we took a step forward and integrated notions from identity theories into musical discourse theory and presented a newly designed model of sung discourse with the implementation of concepts of author’s identity (Ahonen, 2007). (...)
In approaching the narrative experience, the most commonly used method is the linguistic biographical method. It was mentioned for the first time as a method of contact linguistics in the 1991 manual of German linguists Bechert and Wildgen. It is an adaptation of the biographical method firstly used in sociology and applied in analysis of sociolinguistic and contact linguistic issues (Piškorec, 2007: 457). It provides a differentiated perspective on language acquisition processes and language use enabling a direct insight into how individual experience is connected to social context (Piškorec and Zelić, 2006: 278). In European tradition, language biographies are collected through biographical interviews of informants in order to reconstruct their linguistic biographical trajectories (Nekvapil, 2000; Franceschini, 2003). Narrative data are then often triangulated e.g. combined with socio-historical and socio-political data (Abramac, 2014: 96). In Croatian linguistics some papers deal with linguistic construction of ethnic identity (Starčević, 2014; Abramac, 2014; Ščukanec, 2017; Grgić, 2018), certain aspects of personal identity construction (Bertoša and Novak, 2014; Podboj, 2019) and narrative identity reconstruction in linguistic biographical narratives (Piškorec, 2007). This interdisciplinary research will implement the language biographical method within a theoretical framework based on sociolinguistics, dialectology and musical text linguistics. 3. Research objective and hypotheses. The aim of this work is to recreate language biographies of popular music lyricists from the Dalmatian regiolect area and thus define their linguistic identities. The fractal identity theory was researched by determining primary language influences, in the family, and secondary influences of education, peers, and socio-historic linguistic circumstances, which combined result in the creation of one's personal language repertoires, idiolects, language ideologies, and authorial languages, i.e. one's language identity. The first thesis is the existence of a circular process in which firstly socio-historic, linguistic circumstances and language ideologies are directly reflected in authorial languages, with emphasis on the reflection of standardization policies and national identity of the newly formed state of Croatia as well as the influence of rock’n’roll urban culture in the 1990s. Secondly, due to a massive, widespread reach through rapid media dissemination those authorial language choices in popular lyrics influence national language ideologies, the perception and status of the regiolect, and also influence the standard Croatian language norm. The second thesis is rooted in the postmodern notion that a person’s identity is of a fractal nature. Thus, language identity consists of various language varieties that are part of a person’s language repertoire from which the speaker consciously or unconsciously selects language items depending on the speaking situation, topic, location or interlocutor. The repertoire of each person is like a collage gradually built from birth, under t
The influence of a precursor layer and ionic strength on the formation and properties of chitosan/pectin polyelectrolyte multilayer
No full textPolielektrolitni višeslojevi su tanki filmovi koji nastaju naizmjeničnom adsorpcijom suprotno nabijenih polielektrolita na čvrstu površinu. Filmovi izgrađeni od prirodnih polielektrolita, poput kitozana i pektina, posebno su zanimljivi zbog biokompatibilnosti i netoksičnosti, ali i antimikrobnih svojstava što ih čini pogodnim kandidatima za primjenu kao zaštita površine voća. U prvom dijelu ovog diplomskog rada istraživan je utjecaj ionske jakosti i ishodnog sloja na nastajanje i svojstva polielektrolitnog višesloja kitozan/pektin, dok je u drugom dijelu ispitana adhezija bakterije Staphylococcus aureus na njegovu površinu. Površinska svojstva poput debljine, hrapavosti, morfologije i močivosti pripravljenih višeslojeva određena su korištenjem elipsometrije, tenziometrije i mikroskopije atomskih sila. Nadalje, pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom određena je prekrivenost površine višeslojeva bakterijama nakon inkubacije. Rezultati pokazuju na to da ionska jakost te ishodni sloj utječu na svojstva višesloja kitozan/pektin, dok istraživanja adhezije bakterija ukazuju da je višesloj kojem je završni sloj kitozan učinkovitiji protiv adhezije bakterije S. aureus od višesloja koji završava pektinom.Polyelectrolyte multilayers are thin films prepared by alternating adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to a solid surface. Such materials, when prepared out of biocompatible and non-toxic polyelectrolytes, for instance chitosan and pectin, have shown to be suitable as protective coatings on fruits due to their antimicrobial properties. The first part of this thesis focuses on the influence of ionic strength and the precursor layer on the formation and properties of the chitosan/pectin multilayer, while the second part covers bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to the multilayer. The surface properties and thickness of the multilayer were investigated by ellipsometry, tensiometry and atomic force microscopy. In addition, surface coverage of the film with S. Aureus after adhesion experiments was determined with scanning electron microscopy. The results have shown that both ionic strength and the precursor layer influence the multilayer properties. Finally, adhesion experiments indicate that the chitosan-terminating multilayer is more efficient against adhesion than the pectin-terminating one
Procjena kakvoće i održivosti prehrane studentske populacije
No full textCilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je dobiti uvid u kakvoću prehrane studenske populacije te
procijeniti njenu održivost uz praćenje promjena tijekom nekoliko godina, utvrđivanjem
kritičnih parametara važnih za kakvoću prehrane, kao i namirnica koje najviše utječu na
ekosustav.
Ispitanici i metode: Rad je koncipiran kao retrospektivna studija unutar koje su se obradili
podaci prikupljeni dijetetičkom metodom dnevnika prehrane, te antropometrijski podaci,
studenata SUZ Farmaceutsko-biokemijskog fakulteta tijekom tri uzastopne akademske godine
(2021-2023). Sveukupno je prikupljeno 1572 dnevnika prehrane, odnosno podaci od ukupno
393 studenta. Podaci o konzumiranoj masi, energijskoj i nutritivnoj vrijednosti konzumirane
hrane i pića dobiveni su obradom dnevnika prehrane u programu „Prehrana“, dok se održivost
prehrane, odnosno ugljični otisak kojim doprinosi njihova prehrana studenata, procjenjivao
korištenjem baze podataka dataFIELD version 1.0.
Rezultati: Promatrana populacijska skupina adekvatne je tjelesne mase (ITM 22,0 kg/m2), pri
čemu je 11,4 % studenata s prekomjernom tjelesnom masom, a 2,33 % je pretilo. Čak 32,2 %
ispitanika ima prekomjeran dnevni unos energije od kojeg 44,1 % otpada na ugljikohidrate;
39,2 % na masti te 17,2 % na proteine. Unos prehrambenih vlakana ispod je preporučenog te
iznosi 16,9 g/dan, odnosno 8,9 g/1000 kcal. Unos promatranih mikronutrijenata nije adekvatan,
pri čemu unos natrija značajno premašuje preporuke, a kritičnim su se pokazali unosi
mineralnih elemenata Ca, Mg i Zn. Procijenjeni ugljični otisak prehrambenih obrazaca
studentske populacije, iznosi 5,101 eqCO2.
Zaključak: S obzirom na dobivene rezultate u ovom istraživanju može se zaključiti da trenutni
obrazac prehrane koji provode studenti nije održiv, kako za njihovo zdravlje u budućnosti tako
ni za ekološki sustav u kojem živimo. Nužno je uvođenje promjena u prehrambeni obrazac,
prvenstveno povećanjem unosa tamnozelenog lisnatog povrća, leguminoza i cjelovitih žitarica,
a s obzirom na doprinos emisiji stakleničkih plinova potrebno je smanjiti unos visoko-masnih
mliječnih proizvoda te crvenog mesa.Objective: The aim of this study is to gain an insight into the quality of the student population's
diet and to assess its sustainability by observing changes over several years. At the same time,
critical parameters that are important for the quality of the diet and the foods that have the
greatest impact on the ecosystem will be determined.
Subjects and methods: The work was designed as a retrospective study in which data
collected using the dietary method of food diaries and anthropometric data from students of the
UNIZG Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry were processed during three consecutive
academic years (2021-2023). A total of 1,572 food diaries were collected, i.e. data from a total
of 393 students. Data on the mass consumed, energy content and nutritional value of the food
and drinks consumed were obtained by processing in the "Prehrana" programme, while the
sustainability of the diet, i.e. the carbon footprint generated by the students' diet, was assessed
using the dataFIELD version 1.0 database.
Results: The observed population has adequate body weight (BMI 22.0 kg/m2), with 11.4%
of students being overweight and 2.33% being obese. As many as 32.2% of those surveyed
consume too much energy every day, of which 44.1% are carbohydrates, 39.2% fat and 17.2%
protein. The intake of dietary fibre is below the recommended amount and amounts to 16.9
g/day, i.e. 8.9 g/1000 kcal. The intake of the micronutrients observed is insufficient, with the
intake of sodium clearly exceeding the recommendations and the intake of the minerals Ca, Mg
and Zn proving to be critical. The estimated carbon footprint of the dietary behaviour of the
student population is 5,101 eqCO2.
Conclusion: Given the results of this study, it can be concluded that the current dietary pattern
of students is not sustainable, both for their future health and for the ecological system in which
we live. It is necessary to change the dietary pattern, especially by increasing the consumption
of dark green leafy vegetables, legumes and whole grains, and considering the contribution to
greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of high-fat dairy products
and red meat
Determination of essential oil content and composition in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
No full textKorijandar (Coriandrum sativum L.) je aromatična zeljasta biljka koja pripada porodici štitarki
(Apiaceae). Plodovi se koriste kao začin, a poznato je da posjeduju i ljekovita svojstva kao što su
antibakterijska, antifungalna, antidijabetička, hipolipemijska i hepatoprotektivna. U okviru ovog
diplomskog rada provedena je kvalitativna i kvantitativna fitokemijska analiza eteričnog ulja u osam
komercijalno dostupnih uzoraka korijandrovog ploda s hrvatskog tržišta. Farmakopejskom metodom
destilacije pomoću vodene pare utvrđeno je da analizirani uzorci plodova in toto sadrže 4,14 mL/kg
- 17,17 mL/kg eteričnog ulja, a uzorci plodova u in pulvere 9,12 mL/kg – 14,13 mL/kg eteričnog ulja.
Svi analizirani uzorci farmaceutske su kakvoće s obzirom na farmakopejski zahtjev za sadržajem
najmanje 3 mL/kg eteričnog ulja. Analiza izoliranog eteričnog ulja provedena metodom plinske
kromatografije spregnute s tandemskom spektrometrijom masa (GC-MS/MS) pokazala je da je
glavna sastavnica korijandrovog eteričnog ulja linalol (61,83 % - 87,73 %). Ostale značajnije
zastupljene sastavnice su γ-terpinen (3,29 % - 9,32 %), α-pinen (0,74 % - 7,15 %), kamfor (4,08 % -
6,12 %), geranil acetat (2,96 % - 6,29 %), p-cimen (0,74 % - 3,01 %), limonen (0,60 % - 4,10 %),
geraniol (0,15 % - 3,50 %) i α-terpineol (0,30 % - 0,50 %). Rad ukazuje na važnost osiguravanja
kakvoće biljnih droga koji se koriste u fitoterapiji i aromaterapiji, u cilju postizanja učinkovite i
sigurne primjene.Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae
family. The fruits are used as a spice and are known to possess medicinal properties such as
antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects. This diploma
thesis conducted a qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the essential oil in eight
commercially available samples of coriander seeds from the Croatian market. Using the
pharmacopoeial method of steam distillation, it was determined that the analyzed samples of fruits
in toto contain 4.14 mL/kg to 17.17 mL/kg of essential oil, while the samples of fruits in pulvere
contain 9.12 mL/kg to 14.13 mL/kg of essential oil. All analyzed samples meet pharmaceutical
quality standards, as they contain at least 3 mL/kg of essential oil according to pharmacopoeial
requirements. The analysis of the isolated essential oil, performed using gas chromatography coupled
with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), showed that the main component of coriander
essential oil is linalool (61.83% - 87.73%). Other significantly represented components include γ-
terpinene (3.29% - 9.32%), α-pinene (0.74% - 7.15%), camphor (4.08% - 6.12%), geranyl acetate
(2.96% - 6.29%), p-cymene (0.74% - 3.01%), limonene (0.60% - 4.10%), geraniol (0.15% - 3.50%),
and α-terpineol (0.30% - 0.50%). This study emphasizes the importance of the quality of herbal drugs
used in phytotherapy and aromatherapy to ensure their effective and safe use
Determination of metals in dietary supplements for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases using atomic absorption spectrometry
No full textBroj oboljelih od upalnih bolesti crijeva u stalnom je porastu. Ovi pacijenti često koriste različite dodatke prehrani kao potporu samoj terapiji lijekovima. Dodaci prehrani koji sadrže biljne vrste poput kurkume, justicije i indijskog tamjanovca primjenjuju se zbog djelovanja biološki aktivnih tvari u poboljšanju zdravstvenog stanja pacijenata i usporavanju progresije bolest. Osim toga, potrebno je osigurati visoku kvalitetu takvih proizvoda i njihovu sigurnu primjenu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti koncentraciju antimona, barija i bakra u dodacima prehrani korištenjem metode grafitne atomske apsorpcijske spektrometrije te utvrditi jesu li dobivene koncentracije unutar dopuštenih granica prema ICH Q3D smjernicama. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na prisutnost barija i bakra u svim uzorcima, dok je koncentracija antimon u nekim uzorcima bila ispod granice određivanja. Osim toga, dnevni unos ispitivanih elementarnih onečišćenja bio je ispod PDE vrijednosti, što upućuje na kvalitetu dodataka prehrani bez potencijalnih negativnih posljedica ovih metala za pacijente koji ih koriste.The number of people suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases is constantly increasing. These patients often use different dietary supplements to support drug therapy itself. Dietary supplements containing plant species such as turmeric, green chiretta, and Indian frankincense are used due to the effect of biologically active substances in improving patients' health and slowing down disease progression. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the high quality of such products and their safe use. This research, which aimed to determine the concentration of antimony, barium, and copper in dietary supplements, provides reassuring findings. The results indicate the presence of barium and copper content in all samples, while the antimony concentration in some samples was below the detection limit. Furthermore, the daily intake of the examined elemental impurities was below the PDE value, confirming the safety and quality of these dietary supplements and alleviating any concerns about the potential negative consequences of these metals for the patients who use them
Bioremediation of leachate from biowaste
No full textPovećanje broja stanovnika i rastuća industrijalizacija rezultirali su znatnim količinama otpada i onečišćenja okoliša diljem svijeta. Sa sve većim izazovima u održivom gospodarenju otpadom, problematika otpada postaje sve izraženija. Procjedne vode, koje nastaju kao tekući nusproizvodi prolaskom kroz otpadne materijale, posebno su zabrinjavajuće zbog svoje složenosti i visokog sadržaja organskih tvari. Njihovo ispuštanje u prirodne vodotokove može štetno utjecati na okoliš. Biološka obrada procjednih voda postaje odlučujući čimbenik u njihovom upravljanju, pri čemu se mikroorganizmi koriste za uklanjanje onečišćujućih tvari i poboljšanje kvalitete vode. Među različitim postupcima biološke obrade, bioremedijacija se ističe kao učinkovit pristup zbog svoje održive prakse i ekološke prihvatljivosti. U ovom radu provedena je bioremedijacija procjedne vode iz biootpada u šaržnim i submerznim uvjetima. Fizikalno-kemijskim i mikroskopskim analizama dobiven je uvid u tijek procesa biorazgradnje prisutnih organskih onečišćujućih tvari. Svjetlosnom mikroskopijom dobiven je brzi uvid u promjene sustava tijekom procesa bioremedijacije. Učinkovitost bioremedijacije procjedne vode iz biootpada iznosila je 89 %.Population growth and increasing industrialization have led to considerable amounts of waste and environmental pollution in all regions around the world. With the increasing challenges of sustainable waste management, waste-related problems are becoming more and more apparent. Leachates, the liquid by-products of the passage of waste materials, are particularly problematic due to their complexity and high organic content. Their discharge into natural watercourses can have harmful effects on the environment. Biological treatment of leachates is becoming increasingly important in their management, using microorganisms to remove pollutants and improve water quality. Among the various biological treatment methods, bioremediation stands out as an effective approach due to its sustainable practices and ecological acceptability. In this study, the bioremediation of leachate from biowaste was carried out under batch and submerged conditions. Physico-chemical and microscopic analyzes provided information on the course of the biodegradation process of the organic pollutants present. Light microscopy provided a quick insight into the system changes during the biodegradation process. The efficiency of bioremediation of leachate from biowaste was 89 %