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    Application of De Novo programming for decision-making in production

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    Osnovni zadatak proizvodnih poduzeća je učinkovito koristiti dostupne resurse kako bi proizvela proizvode u željenoj količini, kvaliteti, unutar zadanog vremena i s minimalnim troškovima. Ovaj rad istražuje primjenu kvantitativne metode De Novo programiranja za optimizaciju proizvodnje i donošenje odluka u proizvodnim sustavima. Prvo se daje pregled kvantitativnih metoda i sistematizacija programske podrške za optimizaciju. Zatim se u radu opisuje proizvodna funkcija poduzeća, uključujući proizvodni program i proces proizvodnje. U sklopu rada je potom primijenjena metoda De Novo programiranja kako bi se matematički modelirao konkretni problem u proizvodnji i našlo optimalno rješenje korištenjem programskog jezika Python. Na temelju analize dobivenih rezultata, dana je preporuka za donošenje odluka koju poduzeće može koristiti za poboljšanje svojih proizvodnih procesa.The primary task of manufacturing companies is to efficiently utilize available resources to produce products in the desired quantity and quality, within the given time frame, and at minimal costs. This thesis explores the application of the quantitative De Novo programming method for production optimization and decision-making in manufacturing systems. The paper first provides an overview of quantitative methods and a systematization of software tools for optimization. It then describes the production function of the company, including the production program and manufacturing process. Then, De Novo programming is applied to mathematically model a specific problem in production and find the optimal solution using the Python programming language. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, a decision-making recommendation is provided that the company can use to improve its production processes

    Development of an information system to support auditor decision-making in the supervision of the Quality Management System

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    U ovom radu, povezuje se koncept upravljanja kvalitetom prema zahtjevima norme ISO 9001:2015 s pojmom umjetne inteligencije primjenom velikih jezičnih modela pri ocjeni usklađenosti sustava upravljanja kvalitetom sa zahtjevima norme. Nakon kratkog pregleda osnovnih pojmovima sustava upravljanja kvalitetom, analizirani su zahtjevi norme ISO 9001:2015 relevantni za proces internog audita i uspostavljeni proces internog audita u organizaciji Klimaoprema d.o.o. te su istražene mogućnosti primjene velikih jezičnih modela pri obradi prikupljenih podataka tijekom provedbe internog audita. Središnji dio rada obuhvaća razvoj informacijskog sustava za potporu odlučivanju auditora pri nadzoru sustava upravljanja kvalitetom koji je razvijen sukladno prikazanom procesu rada i podatkovnoj strukturi. Opis razvoja sustava uključuje prikaz korištenih tehnologija, arhitekture sustava i strukture koda te postavljanje sustava i integraciju umjetne inteligencije primjenom inženjeringa upita. Na posljetku, provedena je evaluacija razvijenog informacijskog sustava i dani su prijedlozi za daljnje unaprjeđenje sustava.In this paper, the concept of quality management according to the requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 standard is linked to artificial intelligence through the application of large language models (LLM) in assesing the compliance of a Quality Management Aystem with the standard’s requirements. After a brief overview of fundamental quality management concepts, the paper analyses ISO 9001:2015 requirements relevant to the internal audit process and examines the established internal audit procedure in the company Klimaoprema d.o.o., exploring the potential of large language models in processing the data collected during internal audits. The central part of the paper includes the development of an information system to support auditor decision-making in the supervision of the Quality Management System, developed in accordance with the defined workflow and data structure. The system development description includes an overview of the technologies used, system architecture, code structure, system deployment, and integration of artificial intelligence using prompt engineering. Finally, the developed information system is evaluated, and recommendations for future system improvements are provided

    Synthesis of novel biosurfactants

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    Enzimi i biokataliza su vrlo značajni u suvremenoj kemiji jer omogućuju selektivne i ekološki prihvatljive reakcije. Enzimi, kao biokatalizatori, osiguravaju učinkovitiju i održiviju sintezu brojnih kemijskih spojeva, uključujući biosurfaktante. Biosurfaktanti su amfifilni spojevi koji su površinski aktivni, a u usporedbi s kemijski sintetiziranim surfaktantima, posjeduju veću biorazgradivost, manju toksičnost, specifičnost i sposobnost djelovanja u ekstremnim uvjetima. Zbog svojih jedinstvenih svojstava i ekoloških prednosti, biosurfaktanti pronalaze široku primjenu u različitim industrijama te predstavljaju alternativu konvencionalnim surfaktantima. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje sintezu novih biosurfaktanata – soforolipida. Cilj istraživanja bio je usavršiti postupak enzimske modifikacije soforolipida u različitim vrstama reaktora te zaključiti koji reaktor je najprikladniji za provođenje reakcije. U eksperimentalnom dijelu provedene su reakcije u tri različita tipa reaktora. Ispitani su šaržni reaktor, reaktor s dotokom supstrata i enzimski membranski reaktor, pri čemu su korištene HPLC-UV/VIS i RI analize za praćenje koncentracije supstrata i produkata. Rezultati su pokazali da je šaržni reaktor najprikladniji za enzimsku modifikaciju soforolipida, omogućujući najbolje uvjete za postizanje najveće konverzije supstrata i iskorištenja.Enzymes and biocatalysis are highly significant in modern chemistry as they enable selective and environmentally friendly reactions. Enzymes, as biocatalysts, provide a more efficient and sustainable synthesis of numerous chemical compounds, including biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds with surface-active properties, and compared to chemically synthesized surfactants, they exhibit higher biodegradability, lower toxicity, specificity, and the ability to function under extreme conditions. Due to their unique properties and environmental benefits, biosurfactants find broad applications in various industries and represent an alternative to conventional surfactants. This master’s thesis explores the synthesis of new biosurfactants – sophorolipids. The aim of the research was to optimize the process of enzymatic modification of sophorolipids in different types of reactors and to determine which reactor is the most suitable for carrying out the reaction. In the experimental section, reactions were conducted in three different types of reactors. A batch reactor, a fed-batch reactor, and an enzymatic membrane reactor were examined, using HPLC-UV/VIS and RI analyses to monitor the concentration of substrates and products. The results showed that the batch reactor is the most suitable for the enzymatic modification of sophorolipids, providing the best conditions for achieving the highest substrate conversion and product yield

    Enzymatic synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amide in aqueous medium

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    Biokemijske reakcije sastavni su dio svih živih bića te zahtijevaju veću brzinu od klasičnih kemijskih reakcija radi održavanja normalnog tijeka životnih funkcija. Enzimi su ključni elementi provedbe biokatalize jer povećavaju brzinu reakcija za iznos od najmanje 106 te uvelike olakšavaju sintezu i industrijsku proizvodnju tvari čije je dobivanje klasičnom kemijskom sintezom znatno teže. Zahtijevaju specifične uvjete u kojima djeluju, a prisutni su samostalni ili zadržani u cijelim stanicama i mikroorganizmima. U organizmu sudjeluju u regulaciji homeostaze radi pravilnog rada metabolizma, opskrbe energijom te tvorbe proteina, stanica i tkiva. U ovom radu proučavani su uvjeti provedbe enzimske sinteze amida hidroksicimetne kiseline u vodenom mediju s ciljem određivanja optimalnih uvjeta za provođenje željene reakcije i dobivanje željenog produkta, N-trans-feruloiltiramina. Produkt reakcije pripada skupini amida hidroksicimetne kiseline, koji svoju ulogu pronalaze u pravilnom funkcioniranju biljaka, a primjenu u mnogim industrijama zbog privlačnih antioksidativnih, antikancerogenih i antiupalnih svojstava. Praćena je aktivnost enzima na spektrofotometru i tekućinskom kromatografu visoke djelotvornosti te je određen utjecaj pH vrijednosti, temperature i dodatka askorbinske kiseline na aktivnost enzima.Biochemical reactions are an integral part of all living organisms and require a higher reaction rate than classical chemical reactions to maintain the normal course of life functions. Enzymes are key elements in the implementation of biocatalysis because they increase the rate of reactions by at least 106 times and greatly facilitate the synthesis and industrial production of substances whose acquisition is significantly more difficult through classical chemical synthesis. They require specific conditions in which they can operate and are present either independently or retained in whole cells and microorganisms. In the organism, they participate in the regulation of homeostasis for the proper functioning of metabolism, energy supply and the formation of proteins, cells and tissue. In this work, the conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amide in an aqueous medium were studied with the aim of determining the optimal conditions for conducting the desired reaction and obtaining the desired product, N-trans-feruloyltyramine. The reaction product belongs to the group of hydroxycinnamic acid amides, which play a role in the proper functioning of plants and have applications in many industries due to their attractive antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The enzyme activity was monitored using a spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography. The influence of pH value, temperature and the addition of ascorbic acid on enzyme activity was determined

    Izrada prediktivnog modela procesa presvlačenja elektroda u proizvodnji baterijskih ćelija

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    In this master's thesis, an in-depth overview of battery manufacturing, as well as the theory behind basic machine learning algorithms, was provided, with specific focus on the anode coating process. The data pipeline of BMW's Battery Cell Competence Center (BCCC) was also described in detail, particularly emphasizing the coating process. The primary goal of this work was to develop a machine learning model to predict pump speed, thereby optimizing the production of battery prototypes at the BCCC. To this end, data preparation was conducted to create an interpretable and usable dataset. The prediction model was divided into two parts: the Wet Loading Model and the Pump Speed Model. Each part was separately assessed, trained, and tested. Finally, the thesis introduced a data quality check script and the concept of DMC tracking.U ovom diplomskom radu pružen je detaljan pregled proizvodnje baterija, kao i teorijska osnova osnovnih algoritama strojnog učenja, s posebnim naglaskom na proces nanošenja premaza na anodu. Također je detaljno opisan podatkovni tijek unutar BMW-ovog Battery Cell Competence Center (BCCC), s posebnim fokusom na proces premaza. Primarni cilj ovog rada bio je razviti model strojnog učenja za predviđanje brzine pumpe, čime bi se optimizirala proizvodnja prototipa baterija u BCCC-u. U tu svrhu provedena je priprema podataka kako bi se stvorio interpretabilan i upotrebljiv skup podataka. Prediktivni model podijeljen je u dva dijela: model mokrog opterećenja i model brzine pumpe. Svaki dio je zasebno procijenjen, treniran i testiran. Na kraju, rad uvodi skriptu za provjeru kvalitete podataka i koncept DMC praćenja

    Wastewater and environment

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    Onečišćenje vodenih sustava otpadnim vodama je istaknuti problem koji izaziva veliku zabrinutost. S porastom svjetske populacije raste i količina otpadnih voda koju je potrebno učinkovito obraditi. Značajne količine otpadnih voda se ispuštaju u vodeni okoliš, stvarajući ozbiljne prijetnje za ekosustave i dobrobit ljudskog zdravlja. Kako bi se spriječilo daljnje onečišćenje, iznimno je važno razumijevanje sastava otpadnih voda čime se omogućuje njihova ciljana obrada i povećava učinkovitost samog procesa. U okviru završnog rada dan je pregled izvora i vrsta otpadnih voda, postupci obrade otpadnih voda s naglaskom na industrijske otpadne vode iz farmaceutske proizvodnje.The pollution of water systems by wastewater is a major problem that gives cause for great concern. As the world's population grows, so does the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated effectively. Significant amounts of wastewater are being discharged into water bodies, posing a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. To prevent further pollution, it is extremely important to understand the composition of wastewater, treat it in a targeted manner, and increase the efficiency of the process. The thesis provided an overview of the sources and types of wastewater, and wastewater treatment processes with a focus on industrial wastewater from pharmaceutical production

    Calibration of flow meters

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    Mjerenje protoka ima ključnu ulogu u industrijskim procesima, omogućavajući optimizaciju sustava, smanjenje potrošnje resursa i povećanje energetske učinkovitosti. Točnost i pouzdanost mjerenja od presudne su važnosti za osiguranje kvalitete i sljedivosti u različitim sektorima, uključujući energetiku, kemijsku industriju i vodoprivredu. Razvoj suvremenih mjernih metoda potaknut je napretkom u području elektronike i komunikacijskih tehnologija, što je omogućilo precizniju digitalnu analizu i daljinsko praćenje mjernih instrumenata. Ovaj rad pruža detaljan pregled metoda mjerenja protoka fluida, pri čemu su analizirani najčešće korišteni principi, poput elektromagnetskih, ultrazvučnih i Coriolisovih mjernih sustava. Osim toga, istražen je postupak umjeravanja mjerila protoka s naglaskom na tehničke specifikacije, postupke ispitivanja i kvantifikaciju mjerne nesigurnosti prema akreditiranim standardima. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada prikazan je konkretan primjer umjeravanja masenog i volumnog mjerila protoka, uz interpretaciju rezultata i analizu. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju važnost umjeravanja u osiguravanju sljedivosti i pouzdanosti mjerenja, čime se omogućuje njihova primjena u zahtjevnim industrijskim sustavima. Rad također ističe ključne izazove u procjeni mjerne nesigurnosti i potrebu za stalnim unapređenjem mjernih metoda kako bi se zadovoljili rastući tehnički i regulacijski zahtjevi.Flow measurement plays a crucial role in industrial processes, enabling system optimization, resource consumption reduction, and increased energy efficiency. The accuracy and reliability of measurements are essential for ensuring quality and traceability across various sectors, including energy, chemical industries, and water management. The development of modern measurement methods has been driven by advancements in electronics and communication technologies, allowing for more precise digital analysis and remote monitoring of measuring instruments. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of fluid flow measurement methods, analysing the most commonly used principles, such as electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and Coriolis-based measurement systems. Additionally, the calibration process of flow meters is examined, with a focus on technical specifications, testing procedures, and the quantification of measurement uncertainty in accordance with accredited standards. The experimental section presents a practical example of calibrating both mass and volumetric flow meters, including result interpretation and analysis. The obtained results confirm the importance of calibration in ensuring measurement traceability and reliability, facilitating their application in demanding industrial systems. The study also highlights key challenges in assessing measurement uncertainty and the need for continuous improvement of measurement methods to meet evolving technical and regulatory requirements

    Technological project for the production of solid wood furniture

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    U ovom diplomskom radu analiziran je postojeći pogon primarne prerade drva (pilana), te je izrađen tehnološki projekt za drvno industrijski pogon proizvodnje namještaja od cjelovitog drva. Na temelju odabranog asortimana proizvoda predložena su; konstrukcijska rješenja istih, tehnološki procesi, utrošak osnovnog i pomoćnog materijala, izbor strojeva i njihove produktivnosti, Izrađen je proračun kapaciteta i cijena koštanja za odabrani proizvod.In this master's thesis the existing primary wood processing plant (sawmill) was analyzed, and a technological project was created for a wood industrial facility for the production of furniture made of solid wood. Based on the selected range of products, the following are proposed: structural solutions of the same, technological processes, consumption of basic and auxiliary materials, choice of machines and their productivity. The capacity budget and the cost price for the selected product were prepared

    Improvements of the assembly and packing process of expansion anchor bolt

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    Ovaj rad razmatra mogućnosti unaprjeđenja postojećeg automatskog sustava za montažu i pakiranje sklopa samoproširujućeg vijka, u cilju povećanja proizvodnosti te minimiziranja zastoja i broja defektnih sklopova. Rekonstrukcija sustava obuhvatila je: instalaciju stanice za izbacivanje defektnih sklopova, bolje pozicioniranje sanduka na AGV-u, te optimizaciju vizijskog sustava za kontrolu kvalitete. Ova unaprjeđenja rezultirala su, pored ostalog, skraćenjem vremena izbacivanja defektnih dijelova, uklanjanjem kolizija, boljom identifikacijom neispravnih sklopova i poboljšanom kvalitetom. Daljnji razvoj sustava može uključivati analizu podataka u stvarnom vremenu i automatsko podešavanje parametara putem umjetne inteligencije, čime bi se povećala automatizacija i pouzdanost procesa.This paper examines the possibilities for improving the existing automated system for assembling and packaging self-expanding screw assemblies to enhance productivity while minimizing downtime and the number of defective assemblies. The system reconstruction included the installation of a station for rejecting defective assemblies, improved positioning of containers on the AGV, and optimization of the vision system for quality control. These improvements resulted, among other things, in reduced rejection time for defective parts, elimination of collisions, better identification of faulty assemblies, and improved quality. Further system development may involve real-time data analysis and automatic parameter adjustment through artificial intelligence, increasing automation and process reliability

    Mehaničko modeliranje pozitivne elektrode baterijskih ćelija s elektrolitom u čvrstom stanju

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    ASSBs represent a significant leap forward in battery technology, primarily due to their use of solid electrolytes instead of liquid ones. This change eliminates flammable liquid components and enables higher energy densities. Mechanical properties of solid-state electrolytes, particularly their stiffness, introduce complexities in the electrode-electrolyte interface. These complexities can lead to mechanical degradation over repeated charge-discharge cycles, impacting the battery's lifespan and overall performance. The motivation behind this work is to propose computationally efficient RVE model that can simulate these interactions, providing insights into physical processes within an ASSB.ASSB predstavljaju značajan korak naprijed u tehnologiji baterija, prvenstveno zbog upotrebe čvrstih elektrolita umjesto tekućih. Ova promjena eliminira zapaljive tekuće komponente i omogućuje veće gustoće energije. Mehanička svojstva elektrolita u čvrstom stanju, posebice njihova krutost, uvodi složenost u kontakt elektroda-elektrolit koji može dovesti do mehaničke degradacije tijekom ponovljenih ciklusa punjenja i pražnjenja, utječući na životni vijek baterije i ukupne performanse. Motivacija ovog rada je prijedlog računalno učinkovitog modela reprezentativnog volumnog elementa koji može simulirati ove interakcije, pružajući uvid u fizikalne procese unutar ASSB-a

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