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Preparation of mesoporous glasses via soft template method
No full textU ovom radu opisana je sinteza mezoporoznog kalcij-silikatnog stakla metodom mekog predloška temeljenog na blok kopolimeru P123. Uređena mezostruktura mekog predloška poslužila je za nanošenje gela nastalog sol-gel procesom, a uklanjanjem mekog predloška kemijskom i termičkom obradom kserogela nastala je uređena mezoporozna struktura stakla. Dobiveni uzorci analizirani su PXRD, FTIR, DSC, BET i BJH, SEM-EDS i TEM analizom, pri čemu je utvrđena vrlo visoka specifična površina koja se značajno očuvala i nakon prešanja u pelete. Praškasti uzorak sastoji se od aglomeriranih čestica nepravilnog do sferičnog oblika s izraženim međučestičnim porama dok uzorak prešan u pelete ima zbijenu strukturu i smanjene međučestične prostore, iako je zadržao određenu poroznost. Nakon kontakta sa SBF-om, na površini peleta nastala je slojevita, hrapava struktura, što upućuje na moguće taloženje komponenti SBF-a na površinu stakla.This study describes the synthesis of mesoporous calcium-silicate glass using a soft-templating method based on the block copolymer P123. The ordered mesostructure of the soft template served as a scaffold for gel deposition via the sol-gel process, and its subsequent removal through chemical and thermal treatment of the xerogel resulted in an ordered mesoporous glass structure. The obtained samples were characterized by PXRD, FTIR, DSC, BET, BJH, SEM-EDS and TEM analyses, confirming a very high specific surface area, which remained largely preserved even after pellet compaction. The powder sample is consisted of agglomerated particles with irregular to spherical morphology and pronounced interparticle porosity, whereas the pelletized sample exhibited a denser structure with reduced interparticle voids while retaining same porosity. Upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), a layered, rough structure formed on the pellet surface, suggesting potential deposition of SBF constituents on the surface of the glass
Measurement systems in industry and laboratory
No full textOvaj rad se bavi analizom mjernih sustava u industrijskoj proizvodnji i laboratorijima, s ciljem
ocjene njihove pouzdanosti i utjecaja na kvalitetu proizvoda. Kroz rad se analizira važnost
pravilnog odabira i ispitivanja mjernih sustava za osiguravanje točnih, preciznih i stabilnih
rezultata. Obrađuju se osnovne vrste analiza mjernih sustava: analiza tipa 1, analiza linearnosti
i sustavnog pomaka, procjena ponovljivosti i obnovljivosti rezultata mjerenja (engl. GR&R)
ukrižena, ugniježđena i proširena analiza te analiza atributivnog mjernog sustava.
Također se analizira važnost mjerne nesigurnosti u laboratorijskim okruženjima putem Monte
Carlo metode, GUM (engl. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement) te Bayesove
metode.
Za svaku od navedenih analiza mjernih sustava je dan primjer kroz koji je metoda objašnjena,
analizirane su utjecajne komponente na mjerni sustav te analizirani dani rezultati.This thesis addresses the analysis of measurement systems in industrial production and
laboratories, with the aim of assessing their reliability and impact on product quality. The paper
analyzes the importance of proper selection and testing of measurement systems to ensure
accurate, precise, and stable results. It covers the basic types of measurement system analyses:
Type 1 analysis, linearity and systematic shift analysis, the evaluation of repeatability and
reproducibility of measurement results (GR&R) – crossed, nested, and expanded analysis, and
analysis of attribute measurement systems.
Additionally, the paper examines the importance of measurement uncertainty in laboratory
environments through the Monte Carlo method, GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty
in Measurement), and Bayesian methods.
For each of the mentioned measurement system analyses, an example is provided through which
the method is explained, the influencing components on the measurement system are analyzed,
and the given results are discussed
Application of the Industry 5.0 and Supply Chain Management 5.0 concept in the Croatian retail sector
No full textOvaj rad analizira koncepte Industrije 5.0 i upravljanja lancem opskrbe 5.0 i njihovu primjenu u maloprodajnom sektoru, s naglaskom na spremnost hrvatskih maloprodajnih lanaca na ovu tranziciju. Upravljanje lancem opskrbe 5.0, kao dio šire paradigme Industrije 5.0, temelji se na integraciji naprednih tehnologija s ljudsko-centričnim pristupom, održivošću i otpornosti opskrbnih lanaca. U radu se polazi od teorijskog pregleda u kojem su prikazane značajke Industrije 5.0 kao što su održivost, otpornost i ljudsko-centrični pristup. Nadalje, u radu je prikazano prikazana integracija koncepta Industrije 5.0 u lance opskrbe s naglaskom na maloprodaju te kako ona doprinosi stvaranju održivijeg i otpornije sustava. Teorijski dio popraćen je primjerima iz prakse u kojima su vidljive prednosti digitalizacije u lancima opskrbe.
Istraživački dio rada temelji se na anketnom istraživanju koje je strukturirano na načina da da odgovore vezane uz trenutno stanje, spremnost i razmišljanja hrvatskih maloprodajnih lanaca prema digitalizaciji lanaca opskrbe i maloprodaje.This paper analyzes the concepts of Industry 5.0 and Supply Chain Management 5.0 and their application in the retail sector, with a focus on the readiness of Croatian retail chains for this transition. Supply Chain Management 5.0, as part of the broader Industry 5.0 paradigm, is based on the integration of advanced technologies with a human-centric approach, sustainability, and supply chain resilience. The paper begins with a theoretical overview highlighting the key features of Industry 5.0, such as sustainability, resilience, and human-centeredness. Furthermore, it presents the integration of Industry 5.0 concepts into supply chains, with an emphasis on retail, and how this contributes to the creation of more sustainable and resilient systems. The theoretical framework is supported by practical examples demonstrating the advantages of digitalization in supply chains.
The research part of the paper is based on a structured survey aimed at providing insights into the current state, readiness, and perspectives of Croatian retail chains regarding the digitalization of supply chains and retail
Review and analysis of technological processes plant for drying liquid coatings
No full textIndustrijski premazi jedan su od najčešćih oblika antikorozivne zaštite metalnih površina. Najveća mana višeslojnih sustava premaza je dugo vrijeme sušenja svakog od sloja premaza. Poduzeće Končar - Metalne konstrukcije razvilo je postrojenje za prisilno sušenje tekućih premaza korištenjem infracrvenog zračenja. U radu je opisano postrojenje i princip njegova rada. Analizirane su ostvarene uštede vremena i prostora implementacijom novog tehnološkog postupka. Provedena je financijska analiza isplativosti projekta i prikazane jednogodišnje novčane uštede. Na kraju je dan prijedlog daljnjeg unaprjeđenja postrojenja s ciljem postizanja boljih rezultata sušenja premaza i povećanja konkurentnosti proizvoda na tržištu.Industrial coatings are one of the most common methods of corrosion protection on metal surfaces. The biggest disadvantage of multi-layer coating systems is the long drying time of each coating layer. The company Končar Steel Structures Inc. has developed a plant for the forced drying of liquid coatings using infrared radiation. The paper describes the plant and the principle of its operation. The time and space savings realized by the implementation of the new technological procedure were analyzed. A financial analysis of the profitability of the project was carried out and one-year financial savings were presented. In the end, a proposal was made for further improvement of the plant to achieve better coating drying results and increase the competitiveness of the product on the market
Weld inspection module for reactor pressure vessel head penetration pipes
No full textU završnom radu osmišljen je i konstruiran modul robotskog sustava Archer, tvrtke Inetec, koji služi za nerazorna ispitivanja stanja reaktorske kape u nuklearnoj elektrani. Modul se mora moći produljivati po potrebi, odnosno treba funkcionirati kao teleskopski mehanizam.
Zadatak je započet određivanjem ulaznih mjera, prostora u koji se modul ugrađuje i potrebnog produljenja modula. Pronađena su zatim patentna rješenja kako bi se odbio uvid u postojeće mehanizme. Uslijedila je izrada funkcijske dekompozicije gdje se pokazalo koje sve funkcije modul mora obuhvatiti te kako su one međusobno povezane. Za svaku funkciju dano je nekoliko konstrukcijskih rješenja u morfološkoj matrici. Odabirom različiti rješenja za svaku pojedinu funkciju, izrađena su različita konceptualna rješenja te je ocjenjivanjem prema traženim tehnološkim karakteristikama odabrano najbolje koje će ići u daljnju razradu.
Odabranom konceptu dane su gabaritne mjere kako bi obuhvatio glavnu funkciju teleskopskog pomicanja. Nakon detaljnije razrade, pronađeni su standardni dijelovi, a ostali dijelovi konstruirani su Inventoru-u. CAD modeli su spojeni u sklop te je prikazan spoj modula s Archer-om i reaktorskom kapom.In this thesis, the module of Archer robotic system was designed. Archer, designed by INETEC company, is used for non-destructive inspections of nuclear reactor vessel head. Its module should be able to prolongate as needed, it should function as a telescopic mechanism.
Work has begun by determination of input measurement for installation space and of demanded prolongation. Then, patent solutions were found to gain ideas of existing mechanisms. Functional decomposition was made afterwards which showed all functions and their connections the module has to contain. Every function was given several design solutions put in a morphological table. Choosing different solutions for every function, various concepts were made. Every concept was graded depending on wanted technological characteristics and the best concept for further development was chosen.
The chosen concept was given overall dimensions for is demanded functions. After detailing, standard parts were chosen and other parts were made in CAD program Inventor. CAD models were joined in one assembly with both Archer and nuclear reactor vessel head
Centrifugal casting of stainless steel tube
No full textPredmet razmatranja rada je tehnologija centrifugalnog vertikalnog lijevanja, razvoj
centrifugalnog vertikalnog lijevanja kroz povijest. U radu je navedena problematika vertikalnog
centrifugalnog lijevanja, tehnološki postupak lijevanja te prednosti i nedostaci lijevanja.
Detaljnije je opisan tehnološki postupak lijevanja, uključujući pripremanje kalupa, lijevanje,
hlađenje te vađenje odljevka. Napravljen je kratki osvrt o skrućivanju materijala nakon lijevanja
što je jedna od najvažnijih pojava pri izradi proizvoda lijevanjem. Opisane su računalne
simulacije kao naophodan alat u industriji i proizvodnji. Eksperimentalni dio temelji se na
simulaciji lijevanja nehrđajućeg čelika EN 1.4301 izvedenoj u programu ProCAST nakon čega
su analizirani rezultati računalne simulacije. Rezultati simulacije su uspoređeni sa stvarnim
stanjem odljevka odlivenim u Laboratoriju za ljevarstvo na Fakultetu strojarstva i brodogradnje.
Napravljena je mikrostrukturna analiza odljevka. Rezultati simulacije podudaraju se sa
rezultatima stvarnog lijevanja.The subject of this paper is the technology of vertical centrifugal casting and the development
of vertical centrifugal casting throughout history. The thesis presents the problems of vertical
centrifugal casting, technological casting process and advantages and disadvantages of casting.
The technological process of casting is described in more detail, including mold preparation,
pouring, cooling and casting removal. A brief review was made of the solidification of the
material after pouring, which is one of the most important phenomena in the manufacture of
products by casting. Computer simulations are described as a necessary tool in industry and
production. The experimental part is based on the simulation of stainless steel EN 1.4301
casting performed in the software ProCAST. The results of computer simulation were analyzed.
The simulation results were compared with the actual condition of the casting cast in the
Foundry Laboratory at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture. A
microstructural analysis of the casting was performed. The simulation results match the actual
casting results
Venturi flow meter for multiphase flows
No full textDvofazno strujanje je učestala pojava u industrijskim primjenama, gdje često postoji potreba za točnim i pouzdanim mjerenjem ukupnog masenog protoka fluida. Venturijevi protokomjeri, eng. Venturi flow meters (VFM), su industrijski standard za mjerenje masenog protoka jednofaznog strujanja jer nisu skupi, pouzdani su i uzrokuju nizak gubitak tlaka i imaju mali utjecaj na protok. Razni autori su razvili korelacije koje koriste zabilježeni pad tlaka u VFM-u za određivanje ukupnog masenog protoka dvofaznog strujanja, no one uvijek zahtijevaju i mjerenje udjela pare u struji, što predstavlja značajnu poteškoću kod industrijske primjene. Na Von Karman Institutu za dinamiku fluida u Belgiji [1] je stoga razvijena nova metoda koja se temelji isključivo na izmjerenom padu tlaka u VFM-u. Metoda zahtijeva detaljno baždarenje te je ispitana na smjesi zraka i vode. Za primjenu metodologije na dvofazno strujanje rashladnog sredstva s niskim potencijalom globalnog zatopljenja eng. Global warming potential (GWP), R1234ze(E), su provedena mjerenja na VFM-u s unutarnjim promjerom ulaza od 10 mm i omjerom ulaza i grla od 0,42, koristeći vlastito razvijen ispitni postav ljevokretnog rashladnog ciklusa s tekućinom i parom. Udio pare u strujanju je u rasponu od 13,3 % do 31,23 %, dok je maseni protok bio između 0,0246 kg/s i 0,0543 kg/s. Na prikupljene su podatke primijenjene poznate korelacije: korelacija homogene pretpostavke, Murdockova, Jamesova, Collinsova, Chisholmova, Smith i Leangova, Linova i Zhangova, te su sve osim homogene pretpostavke, Collinsove i Murdockove korelacije, procijenile ukupni maseni protok s točnosti unutar +/-20 %. Za novo razvijenu metodologiju su izrađene krivulje baždarenja, no podudarnost nije bila zadovoljavajuća za nastavak primjene. Umjesto toga je dan pregled mogućnosti računalne simulacije modeliranja dvofaznog strujanja u VFM-u radi boljeg uvida u fiziku fluida uz preporuke za poboljšanje mjerenja i nove metodologije.Multiphase flows refer to the simultaneous flow of matter in two or more thermodynamic phases. They are a common occurrence in industrial applications, such as the left-hand liquid vapor refrigeration cycles. With growing emphasis on energy savings, efficiency improvement starts with flow characterization, for which mass flow is one of the key values needed. The efficiency of the whole cycle depends on the efficiency of each device that the circuit consists of. In evaporators, their efficiency is greatly influenced by the distribution of the liquid phase inside them, as the thermal coefficient changes with phase by orders of magnitude [2]. Accurately determining the multiphase mass flow proved difficult without phase separation. Mass flow measuring methods that do not rely on phase separation have to determine flow quality to resolve mass flow. Most often this is performed by determining the void fraction and measuring or assuming phases slip ratio. This can be done by various instruments, like the capacitance probe or void fraction meter, but they are expensive, cumbersome, fragile, and still in various development stages, used exclusively for scientific purposes. An elegant solution that could see usage in industrial applications was sought in the use of a venturi flow meter (VFM). Their usage for determining mass flow in homogeneous flow is proven and standardized [3] because it is based on the Bernoulli principle. They are inexpensive, easy to implement, in line with the flow, and have a low impact on it. However, adapting it for multiphase mass flow measurement is a challenge tackled by many authors, as it requires at least one other physical property to be known, it most often being flow quality. On this principle, various authors have proposed different modelling techniques. The viability of this approach for industrial application, therefore, fades as the instrumentation used for determining these physical properties is either still in the development phase, like capacitance probes, or very costly, intrusive, and difficult to implement, as is the case with void fraction meters. Apart from making the summary on different multiphase mass flow measurement techniques, Lecardonel in her work therefore proposed a new method that evades measuring any physical property of the flow apart from the pressure difference in the VFM. The broader scope of her research was on features impacting a two-phase flow distribution in a simplified evaporator. As a part of that experiment setup, the pressure drop was recorded in the VFM placed on the tubes through which the air-water mixture was passing. Then, a new methodology using strong calibration was proposed and tested on a simplified isothermal evaporator model.
The scope of this work includes the implementation of this methodology on the liquid-vapor refrigeration cycle using low GWP refrigerant R1234ze(E). The experimental setup was developed in conjunction with Liebherr as a part of the PANTHER (exPerimental And Numerical mulTiscale mulTiphasic Heat exchanger) project at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Belgium. Also, VFM methods from previous authors are tested on the acquired data, along with an overview of the possibilities of numerical simulations
Challenges of environmental taxation and ESG legislation : the Danish model of green transition
No full textZelena tranzicija podrazumijeva prijelaz na održivi način poslovanja koji se temelji na smanjenju emisija stakleničkih plinova, zaštiti okoliša i odgovornom korištenju resursa. Tijekom cijelog procesa, fiskalna politika ima ključnu ulogu kroz uvođenje ekoloških poreza, subvencija za zelene investicije i poreznih olakšica za održivo poslovanje. Ističe se sve veći značaj ESG kriterija ( okolišni, društveni i upravljački) koji polako postaju standard pri donošenju financijskih odluka i poslovnih strategija. ESG oporezivanje obuhvaća fiskalne mjere koje su usmjerene na poticanje održivog razvoja poduzeća i kažnjavanje onih koji ih ne poštuju. Ovdje se jača povezanost poreznog sustava s ciljevima održavanja. Porezni instrumenti nisu samo usmjereni na zaštitu okoliša, već i na društvenu pravednost kroz redistribuciju prihoda i ublažavanje negativnih socijalnih učinaka. Primjeri iz EU pokazuju razne pristupe zelenoj fiskalnoj reformi, a uspješnost ovisi o transparentnosti, prilagodbi lokalnim uvjetima odnosno uključenost javnosti i koordinaciji s drugim politikama.The green transition refers to the shift towards sustainable business practices aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting the environment, and responsibly utilizing resources. Throughout this process, fiscal policy plays a pivotal role by introducing ecological taxes, subsidies for green investments, and tax incentives for sustainable business operations. The increasing significance of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria is evident, as they gradually become standard considerations in financial decision-making and business strategies. ESG taxation encompasses fiscal measures designed to promote sustainable development among enterprises and penalize non-compliance, thereby strengthening the alignment of the tax system with sustainability objectives. These tax instruments not only focus on environmental protection but also address social justice through income redistribution and mitigating adverse social impacts. Examples from the EU demonstrate various approaches to green fiscal reform, with success contingent upon transparency, adaptation to local conditions (including public involvement), and coordination with other policies
Fatty acid composition of the dog semen and seminal plasma
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of spermatozoa and
seminal plasma of dogs and its relationship with ejaculate quality, since to our knowledge, data
on the composition of fatty acids (FA) in seminal plasma, their effect on sperm, and data on the
composition of fatty acids in dog sperm are limited. Out of 46 semen collections that were
performed on the owner’s demand for semen evaluation, we analyzed 35 spermatozoa
collections and 45 seminal plasmas. Dogs were subjected to a clinical examination, B-mode
ultrasonography of the testes, epididymis and prostate, semen evaluation after collection using
CASA system that included 11 parameters (VAP, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR, LIN, ELONG,
AREA, MOT, PMOT – divided into 4 categories of movement : RAP, MED, SLOW, STATIC)
as well as standard microscopic procedure (volume, pH, concentration and semen viability –
HOS test and Bloom staining). After the evaluation of semen quality, the seminal plasma was
separated from spermatozoa. From both spermatozoa and seminal plasma total lipids were
extracted then converted to methyl esters and analyzed on gas chromatograph. Results show
that the most dominated group in both sample types was saturated FA, with C16:0 as most
represented, and both were significantly higher in spermatozoa (p=0.04, p<0.01). Second group
in representation was polyunsaturated FA in both sample types, while the least represented was
monounsaturated FA. Furthermore, essential FA, C18:2n-6 and conditionally essential FA,
C20:5n-3 were significantly higher in seminal plasma (p=0.04. p<0.01). Ratios of conditionally
essential FA, AA/EPA (arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic FA) and DHA/EPA (docosahexaenoic
/eicosapentaenoic FA) were significantly higher in dog's spermatozoa compared to seminal
plasma (p<0.01, p<0.01). Seminal plasma FA composition also showed significant correlations
between spermatozoa morphological parameters; AA/DHA ratio correlated positively, while
C22:5 correlated negatively with pathologically changed spermatozoa midpiece (r=0.49, r=-
0.57; respectively; p<0.05). Regarding CASA spermatozoa parameters and FA spermatozoa
composition, we found that MUFA, C18:3n-3 and EPA correlated positively with VCL µm/s
(r=0.41, 0.37 and 0.37; respectively; p<0.05). MUFA also correlated with medium velocity
distribution (r=0.41; p<0.05). Furthermore, C18:3n-3 showed positive correlation with motility
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(r=0.40; p<0.05). Composition of FA in canine spermatozoa and seminal plasma as well as
significant correlations of FA and semen quality parameters found in this study suggest
importance of PUFA, especially n-3 family PUFA content, in the physiological function of
spermatozoa and thus point to the importance of quality nutrition on the fertility of dogs. The
link between the FA composition of spermatozoa and seminal plasma with the quality of the
ejaculate is particularly important, as it could help in finding markers that will indicate the
quality of the ejaculate and thus serve in clinical work, considering the increasing number of
dogs that have a problem with reduced fertility.jihovu povezanost s kvalitetom ejakulata, budući da su prema našim saznanjima podaci
o sastavu masnih kiselina u sjemenoj plazmi, njihovom učinku na spermije te podaci o sastav
masnih kiselina spermija u pasa ograničeni. Od 46 polučivanja sjemena koje je učinjeno na
zahtjev vlasnika radi procjene kvalitete sjemena, analizirano je 35 uzorkovanja spermija i 45
sjemenih plazmi. Na psima je proveden klinički pregled te je ocjenjena kvaliteta ejakulata
nakon polučivanja korištenjem parametara računalno potpomognute analize spermija (VAP,
VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR, LIN, ELONG, AREA, MOT, PMOT - dodatno podijeljeno u
četiri kategorije kretanja: RAP, MED, SLOW, STATIC) i standardnom mikroskopskom
pretragom (volumen, pH, koncentracija i vitalnost spermija -HOS test i bojenje po Bloom-u).
Nakon procjene kvalitete sjemena, sjemena plazma je odvojena od spermija. Iz spermija i
sjemene plazme ekstrahirani su ukupni lipidi, zatim prevedeni u metilne estere i analizirani na
plinskom kromatografu. Rezultati pokazuju da su zasićene masne kiseline (MK)
najdominantnija skupina masnih kiselina u obje vrste uzoraka, s C16:0 kao najzastupljenijom,
čiji je postotak bio značajno viši u spermijima (p=0.04, p<0.01). Druge po zastupljenosti u oba
tipa uzorka bile su višestruko nezasićene MK, dok su najmanje zastupljene bile jednostruko
nezasićene MK. Nadalje, esencijalna MK, C18:2n-6 i uvjetno esencijalna MK, C20:5n-3 bile
su značajno više u sjemenoj plazmi (p=0.04. p<0.01). Omjeri uvjetno esencijalnih MK,
AA/EPA i DHA/EPA bili su značajno viši u spermijima pasa u usporedbi sa sjemenom
plazmom (p<0.01, p<0.01). Sastav MK sjemene plazme značajno korelira s morfološkim
pokazateljima spermija; omjer AA/DHA korelirao je pozitivno, dok je C22:5 korelirao
negativno s patološki promijenjenim srednjim dijelom spermija (r=0,49, r=-0,57). Što se tiče
pokazatelja računalno potpomognute analize spermija i sastava MK spermija, utvrđeno je da
MUFA, C18:3n-3 i EPA pozitivno koreliraju s VCL µm/s (r=0,41, r=0,37, r=0,37; p<0.05).
MUFA također značajno korelira s distribucijom srednje brzine (r=0,41; p<0.05). Nadalje,
C18:3n-3 značajno pozitivno korelira s motilitetom (r=0,40; p<0.05). Sastav MK u spermijima
pasa i sjemenoj plazmi kao i značajne korelacije MK i pokazatelja kvalitete sjemena pronađenih
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u ovom istraživanju, upućuju na važnost višestruko nezasićenih MK, posebice sadržaja
višestruko nezasićenih MK iz n-3 obitelji, u fiziološkoj funkciji spermija pa rezultati upućuju
na važnost kvalitetne ishrane na plodnost pasa. Posebice je važna poveznica između
masnokiselinskog sastava spermija i sjemene plazme s kvalitetom ejakulata, jer u budućim
istraživanjima pruža mogućnost pronalaženja markera koji će upućivati na kvalitetu ejakulata i
time poslužiti u kliničkom radu, s obzirom na sve veći broj pasa koji imaju problem s plodnošću
Development of a fuel production planning algorithm based on multi-criteria optimization
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu istražuje se pravni i strateški okvir energetske i klimatske tranzicije Europske unije, s posebnim naglaskom na regulaciju korištenja biogoriva i biokomponenti u prometnom sektoru. Analizirani su ključni dokumenti europske pravne stečevine, uključujući Europski zeleni plan i zakonodavni paket „Spremni za 55%”, koji definiraju obveze država članica u pogledu smanjenja emisija stakleničkih plinova i povećanja udjela obnovljivih izvora energije. U radu se zasebno razmatraju vrste biogoriva koje se koriste u prometu, uz prikaz njihovih osnovnih svojstava i uloge u dekarbonizaciji sektora. Direktiva o obnovljivim izvorima energije (RED) propisuje pravni okvir za povećanje udjela biogoriva, kao i kriterije održivosti i kvalitete koje ta goriva moraju ispunjavati. U kontekstu Republike Hrvatske analizirana je implementacija europskih propisa u nacionalno zakonodavstvo te izazovi s kojima se suočavaju gospodarski subjekti u procesu usklađivanja. U završnom dijelu rada razvijen je koncept algoritamskog modela koji omogućuje optimizaciju troškova poslovanja povezanih s primjenom zakonskih obveza u području biogoriva. Algoritam je osmišljen kao podrška poslovnim subjektima u donošenju odluka koje osiguravaju regulatornu usklađenost uz minimalna financijska opterećenja.This thesis explores the legal and strategic framework of the European Union’s energy and climate transition, with a particular focus on the regulation of biofuels and biocomponents in the transport sector. Key legislative and policy documents, such as the European Green Deal and the "Fit for 55" legislative package, are analysed, as they define the obligations of member states regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of renewable energy sources. The study examines the main types of biofuels used in transport, outlining their fundamental characteristics and their role in the decarbonisation process. The Renewable Energy Directive (RED) establishes the legal framework for increasing the share of biofuels, as well as the sustainability and quality criteria they must meet. Within the context of the Republic of Croatia, the thesis analyses the implementation of EU regulations into national legislation and the challenges this presents for economic operators. In the final part of the thesis, a conceptual algorithmic model is developed to support cost optimisation related to compliance with biofuel-related legal obligations. The algorithm is designed as a decision-support tool that assists companies in achieving regulatory compliance while minimising financial burdens