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Obesity of preschool children and nutrition of children in preschool institutions
No full textPretilost djece jedan je od najvećih problema današnjice koji zahtijeva ozbiljnu pažnju i uključenost svih sustava. Broj pretile djece diljem svijeta dramatično se povećava pa time raste i želja mnogih znanstvenika da se iskušaju u promatranju ove teme.
Pretilost sa sobom nosi brojne zdravstvene posljedice pa tako pretila djeca imaju povećan rizik od razvoja dijabetesa tipa II., srčanih bolesti i povišenog krvnog tlaka. Osim navedenih bolesti, pretila se djeca sve češće suočavaju s emocionalnim izazovima koji dovode do pada samopouzdanja, anksioznosti, depresije i općenito socijalne izolacije. Genetsko nasljeđe, okolišni čimbenici, psihološki uzroci i bolesti, najčešći su rizici za razvoj pretilosti. Prevencija pretilosti kod djece ključna je za rješavanje ovog problema. Važno je osvijestiti roditelje, skrbnike i odgojno-obrazovne ustanove te cijelu zajednicu o važnosti zdrave prehrane, o redovitoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti te o održavanju zdravih životnih navika. Kontinuirana edukacija roditelja, odgojitelja i zdravstvenih stručnjaka pružit će korisne smjernice o razvoju zdravih prehrambenih navika, a redovitim praćenjem i ranom dijagnozom možemo omogućiti pravovremenu intervenciju. Vrtići i škole imaju važnu ulogu u promicanju zdravih prehrambenih navika i tjelesne aktivnosti. Oni trebaju osigurati uravnotežene obroke u skladu s prehrambenim smjernicama te posvetiti vrijeme za tjelesnu aktivnost tijekom dana. Ipak, obiteljska podrška najbitniji je segment u prevenciji pretilosti kod djece jer upravo za vrijeme obiteljskih obroka stvaramo priliku za promicanje zdravih navika, zajedničko kuhanje te konzumaciju uravnoteženih obroka.
Sve u svemu, pretilost zahtijeva sveobuhvatan pristup cijele zajednice i samo zajedničkim naporima možemo osigurati zdraviju budućnost za djecu.Childhood obesity is one of the biggest issues of today, requiring serious attention and involvement from all systems. The number of obese children worldwide is dramatically increasing, leading many scientists to show interest in studying this topic.
Obesity comes with numerous health consequences, as obese children have an increased risk of developing type II diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. In addition to these illnesses, obese children are increasingly facing emotional challenges, resulting in reduced self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and overall social isolation. Genetic inheritance, environmental factors, psychological causes, and diseases are the most common risks for obesity development. Preventing childhood obesity is crucial to addressing this problem. It is important to raise awareness among parents, caregivers, educational institutions, and the entire community about the importance of healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, and maintaining healthy lifestyles. Continuous education for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals will provide valuable guidance on developing healthy eating habits, and timely intervention can be enabled through regular monitoring and early diagnosis. Preschools and schools play an important role in promoting healthy eating habits and physical activity. They should provide balanced meals following dietary guidelines and allocate time for physical activity during the day. However, family support is the most crucial aspect in preventing childhood obesity, as family meals provide an opportunity to promote healthy habits, cook together, and consume balanced meals.
In conclusion, obesity requires a comprehensive community approach, and only through collective efforts can we ensure a healthier future for children
Izlazak iz ‘novog normalnog’: suočavanje međunarodne zajednice s pandemijom i potresima
No full textThe word pandemic, by one of its many definitions, derives from the Greek pan, which means “all”, and the word demos, which means “the people”, therefore it often refers to “a widespread epidemic of contagious disease throughout the whole of a country or one or more continents at the same time.” (Honigsbaum, 2009, Perspectives, p. 1939) “An earthquake is a shaking of the earth. It may vary in intensity from a shaking so feeble that it requires the use of a delicate instrument to detect it, to a shaking violent enough to overthrow heavy buildings, and even to make great rents or fissures in the crust.” (Huston, 1907, p. 219) A pandemic and an earthquake are two phenomena that, when occurring separately, have a big impact on humanity, let alone when they come about at the same time.
The aim of this study was to investigate how can an international community find its way out of the ‘new normal’ that was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and two earthquakes that hit Croatia in the year 2020. The focus of the study was to find out how the American International School of Zagreb (hereinafter AISZ) deals with the situation of the virus pandemic, and what steps have been put in place to prepare the AISZ community for an earthquake.
The participants involved in this study were the school admin and teaching staff who participated in semi-structured interviews.
The results show that AISZ managed to navigate through these difficult times successfully thanks to many different factors. Some of those were: having a crisis team that was able to make quick decisions based on local and global connectedness; adjusting existing and creating new health and safety guidelines that would best suit the current situation; maintaining transparent and timely communication with both staff and parents; uninterrupted program delivery, and other.
The main conclusion of the study is that we are all in this together; therefore, we can navigate through difficult times if we stay connected, supportive, and adaptable.Riječ pandemija, prema jednoj od mnogih definicija, potječe od grčke riječi pan, što znači “sve”, i riječi demos, što znači “narod”, pa se često odnosi na “rasprostranjenu epidemiju zarazne bolesti u nekoj zemlje ili na jednom ili više kontinenata u isto vrijeme.” (Honigsbaum, 2009, Perspectives, p. 1939) “Potres je podrhtavanje zemlje. Može varirati u intenzitetu od toliko slabog podrhtavanja da zahtijeva upotrebu osjetljivog instrumenta da ga se otkrije do podrhtavanja dovoljno snažnog da sruši teške zgrade, pa čak i da napravi velike rupe ili pukotine u kori.” (Huston, 1907, str. 219) Pandemija i potres dvije su pojave koje, kada se dogode odvojeno, imaju veliki utjecaj na čovječanstvo, a kamoli kada se dogode u isto vrijeme.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati kako međunarodna zajednica može pronaći izlaz iz 'novog normalnog' koje su uzrokovale pandemija COVID-19 i dva potresa koja su pogodila Hrvatsku 2020. godine. Fokus istraživanja bio je proučiti kako se Američka međunarodna škola u Zagrebu (u daljnjem tekstu „AISZ“) suočava s pandemijom te koji koraci su poduzeti kako bi se AISZ zajednica pripremila za potres.
Sudionici ovog istraživanja bili su članovi školske uprave te odgojitelji i učitelji koji su sudjelovali u polustrukturiranim intervjuima.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je AISZ uspio uspješno upravljati izazovima pred kojima se našao, a sve to zahvaljujući sljedećem: posjedovanju tima za krizne situacije koji je donosio brze odluke zbog dobre lokalne i globalne povezanosti, prilagodbi postojećih i izradi novih zdravstvenih i sigurnosnih smjernica koje su najbolje odgovarale trenutnoj situaciji, održavanju transparentne i pravovremene komunikacije sa školskim osobljem i roditeljima, nesmetanom održavanju nastave te ostalom.
Glavni zaključak istraživanja je da smo svi ranjivi kada smo izloženi teškim vremenima i situacijama te, kako bismo što bezbolnije izašli iz takvih situacija, važno je ostati povezan s drugima, međusobno si pružati podršku te biti prilagodljiv
The connection between speech and motor skills in preschool children
No full textU prvom poglavlju govorit će se općenito o razvoju djeteta predškolske dobi. Kada spominjemo razvoj djeteta predškolske dobi govorimo o razvoju motorike, razvoju govora, emocionalnom i socijalnom razvoj te razvoju igre. Sva navedena područja razvoja iznimno su važna kod djeteta predškolske dobi. Razvoj motorike podrazumijeva se kao sve veća djetetova sposobnost svrhovitog i skladnog korištenja vlastitog tijela za kretanje i baratanje predmetima. Za govor možemo istaknuti da je on složena psihofizička aktivnost čovjeka koja mu omogućuje komuniciranje s drugim ljudima putem sustava znakova i simbola. No, dijete se ne razvija samo tjelesno i motorički, već i socijalno i emocionalno. Razvoj odnosa prema sebi i drugima iz okoline je važan aspekt djetetova cjelokupnog razvoja. Evo nekoliko ključnih aspekata razvoja odnosa kod djece: emocionalna vezanost, socijalne vještine ,samosvijest, razvoj prijateljstava, razumijevanje društvenih normi, komunikacijske vještine. Dok se kroz razvoj igre dijete razvija i raste, zbog toga je ona temeljna djetetova djelatnost. Igra je izuzetno važna arena u kojoj se dijete razvija na različitim područjima, uključujući socijalni, emocionalni, tjelesni i spoznajni razvoj. U drugom poglavlju detaljnije će se objasniti razvoj govora te ćemo ga podijeliti na razvoj jezika i govora od rođenja do sedme godine života, poremećaji izgovora koji su sve češća pojava i osobitosti jezika i govora kod djece s teškoćama u razvoj. U trećem poglavlju rada detaljnije će se dotaknuti i razvoja motorike. Dakle, razvoj motorike kod djece u dobi od 6 do 12 mjeseci, razvoj motorike kod djece u dobi od 1 do 3 godine te razvoj motorike kod djece u dobi od 3 do 6 godina. Na temelju svega navedenog provest će se istraživanje putem anketnog upitnika, a u anketi će sudjelovati odgojitelji.In the first chapter, we will discuss the general development of preschool-age children. When we mention the development of preschool-age children, we are referring to motor development, language development, emotional and social development, and play development. All of these areas of development are extremely important for preschool-age children. Motor development is understood as the child's increasing ability to purposefully and harmoniously use their own body for movement and object manipulation. Regarding speech, it is a complex psychophysical activity of humans that enables them to communicate with others through a system of signs and symbols. However, a child does not only develop physically and motorically but also socially and emotionally. Developing relationships with oneself and others in the environment is an important aspect of the child's overall development. Here are some key aspects of children's relationship development: emotional attachment, social skills, self-awareness, friendship development, understanding of social norms, and communication skills. As a child grows and develops through play, it becomes a fundamental activity for them. Play is an extremely important arena in which a child develops in various areas, including social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development. In the second chapter, we will explain the development of speech in more detail. We will divide it into language and speech development from birth to the age of seven, pronunciation disorders which are becoming increasingly common, and peculiarities of language and speech in children with developmental difficulties. In the third chapter of this work, we will delve into motor development in more detail. Specifically, we will focus on motor development in children aged 6 to 12 months, motor development in children aged 1 to 3 years, and motor development in children aged 3 to 6 years. Based on all of the above, research will be conducted through a questionnaire survey, with educators participating in the survey
Educator in educational work
No full textOdgoj i obrazovanje nemoguće je uspješno provoditi bez učitelja i odgajatelja. Njihova uloga, sposobnosti i kompetencije nezamjenjive su i važne su za rad s djecom. Važno je znati djecu usmjeriti na prave životne vrijednosti, ali i cjeloživotno učenje. Predškolski odgoj početak je i prva stepenica odgoja i obrazovanja. Obuhvaća djecu s njihovih navršenih 6 mjeseci do polaska u školu. Već u predškolskoj dobi djeca usvajaju vrijednosti kojima ih učimo, a uloga odgajatelja je neusporediva u pripremi djeteta za život pred njim.
Odgajatelj promišlja o svojim postupcima u radu s djecom i u skladu s dječjim interesima ih oblikuje. To je profesionalno osposobljen pojedinac u čijem radu dolazi do izražaja njegova didaktička, pedagoška i metodička stručnost i obrazovanje. Važno je istaknuti da uz odgajateljevo znanje razvojne, pedagoške i opće psihologije važnu ulogu imaju i ljudske kvalitete i sposobnosti: ljubav prema djeci, kreativnost, demokratičnost, poštivanje djeteta i dječjih prava, ljubav prema odgajateljskom zvanju. Profesionalna kompetentnost važna je vrlina odgajatelja s kojom je usko povezan odgojno – obrazovni rad i djelatnost, a rezultat svega je djetetov uspjeh.
Ovaj rad ističe važnost uloge odgajatelja u odgojno – obrazovnom radu. Proučava odgajateljsku profesiju i identitet odgajatelja. Definira kompetencije koje bi odgajatelj trebao posjedovati za kvalitetan rad s djecom. Kroz šest različitih područja istražuje kako bi kvalitetna pedagoška praksa odgajatelja trebala izgledati. Opisuje što sve odgajatelji čine kako bi pospješili rad s djecom, ali i vlastitu praksu. U zadnjem poglavlju definira ulogu suvremenog odgajatelja u odgojno – obrazovnom procesu.It is impossible to successfully carry out education without teachers and educators. Their role, abilities and competences are irreplaceable and important for working with children. It is important to know how to direct children to the right values in life, to respect others, parents, friends, but also lifelong learning. Preschool education is the beginning of the education system. It covers children from the age of 6 months until they start school. Already in preschool age, children adopt the values we teach them, and the role of the educator is great in preparing the child for life.
The educator reflects and shapes his actions in working with children. This is a professionally trained individual whose didactic, pedagogical and methodical professional training comes to the fore in his work with children. It is important to point out that in addition to the educator's knowledge of general, developmental and pedagogical psychology, human qualities and abilities also play an important role: love for children, creativity, democracy, respect for the child and children's rights, love for the teaching profession. Professional competence is an essential characteristic of educators, with which educational activity and the child's success as a result of that activity are closely related.
This paper highlights the importance of the role of educators in educational work. It studies the teaching profession and the identity of educators. It defines the competencies that an educator should possess for quality work with children. Through six different areas, he investigates what quality pedagogical practice of educators should look like. It describes what educators do to improve their work with children, as well as their own practice. In the last chapter, he defines the role of the modern educator in the educational process
Encouraging early literacy using modern technology
No full textRana pismenost često počinje mnogo prije nego što djeca krenu u školu i prije nego što ovladaju tehničkim vještinama koje uključuju čitanje i pisanje. Glavni cilj ovog teorijskog rada je predstavljanje važnosti poticanja pismenosti u ranoj i predškolskoj dobi djeteta za izgradnju temelja za zrelu pismenost, kao i predstavljanje načina poticanja rane pismenosti uporabom suvremene tehnologije. Istraživanja rane pismenosti pokazala su da se osjećaj za čitanje i pisanje razvija prije nego li djeca stvarno mogu čitati i pisati. U djece rana pismenost očituje se u aktivnostima, kao što su igranje, razgovor i crtanje, a s vremenom, kada počnu eksperimentirati s pisanjem i čitanjem, otkrivaju da im te aktivnosti pružaju nove i zanimljive načine za prenošenje značenja putem jezičnih znakova. Važnu ulogu u opismenjavanju djece imaju ljudi iz djetetova okružja koji određuju kada, u kojim situacijama i koliko često upoznaju djecu s materijalima i alatima za razvoj pismenosti. U nekim kulturama razvoj pismenosti povezan je s formalnim obrazovanjem, dok opismenjavanje u modernim zapadnim društvima počinje već u predškolskim ustanovama, vrtićima i kod kuće. Kako bi se razumio razvoj pismenosti, ključno je proučavanje okružja u kojima se djeca razvijaju te na koje načine ta okružja pružaju prilike za uključivanje djece u rad s papirima, priborom za pisanje i knjigama. Međutim, kako je u posljednjem desetljeću sve izraženija svakodnevna uporaba digitalne tehnologije, nužno je i u području rane pismenosti sagledati ulogu digitalne tehnologije te mogućnosti njezine primjene u radu s djecom. Ovaj se rad usmjerava upravo prema istraživanju mogućnosti i izazova pri uključivanju digitalne tehnologije u procese poticanja razvoja pismenosti kod djece rane i predškolske dobi.Early literacy often begins long before children start school and before they master technical skills that include reading and writing. The main goal of this theoretical paper is to present the importance of encouraging literacy at an early and preschool age of a child, in order to build the foundations for mature literacy, and to present various ways of encouraging early literacy using modern technologies. Researches of early literacy have shown that the feeling for reading and writing develops before children can actually read and write. Children demonstrate early literacy in the activities such as playing, talking and drawing, and with time, as they start experimenting with writing and reading, they discover that those activities provide them with new and interesting possibilities to convey meaning through language signs. Persons in a child’s environment play an important role in rendering the child literate since they determine when, in which situations and how often they introduce the child to the materials and tools for the development of literacy. In some cultures, the development of literacy is related to formal education, whereas becoming literate in modern western societies begins already in preschool institutions, kindergartens and at home. In order to understand the development of literacy, it is crucial to study the environments in which children develop and in what ways these environments provide opportunities to involve children in the work with papers, stationery and books. However, since the daily use of digital technology has become more and more pronounced in the last decade, it is necessary to look at the role of digital technology and the possibilities of its application in working with children in the field of early literacy. This work is directed precisely towards the research of opportunities and challenges in the inclusion of digital technology in the processes of encouraging the development of literacy in children of early and preschool age
Problems and perspectives of contemporary philosophy of education: Media as a substitute for authority in child education
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada su problemi i perspektive s kojima se roditelji susreću u suvremenom odgoju i koje donose različiti mediji. Neporeciva je prisutnost medija u današnje doba, kako u životu odraslih, tako i djece. Prisutni su na svim poljima, od igre i slobodnog vremena do vrtića, škola te dalje u obrazovanju i poslovnom segmentu života. U radu je zato objašnjen utjecaj medija na djecu u najvažnijem razdoblju njihova života.
Prikazane su različite vrste medija kojima su djeca u većoj ili manjoj količini izložena. To su tiskani mediji odnosno novine i knjige te elektronički mediji odnosno televizija, radio i internet. Nadalje, u radu je prikazana važnost autoriteta roditelja u odgoju općenito te medijskom odgoju. Odgojno-obrazovne ustanove imaju veliki značaj u ranom odgoju djeteta te je objašnjena i njihova uloga u medijskom odgoju. Osim toga, rad donosi uvid u istraživanja o prisutnosti i korištenju pojedinih medija u svijetu i Hrvatskoj.
Pozitivan utjecaj medija u životu djece očituje se najviše u obrazovanju gdje se pokazalo da može služiti kao moćan alat. Bitno je služiti se njima svjesno i promišljeno te s dozom kritike i naglaskom na medijsku pismenost. U tome važnu ulogu imaju roditelji i odgojitelji koji i sami trebaju osvijestiti vlastito korištenje medija i razvijati kod djece mogućnost raspoznavanja kvalitetnog od nekvalitetnog medijskog sadržaja. S druge strane negativni se utjecaj očituje kroz nasilje u medijima, ovisnost o internetu, različite vrste cyber kriminala, reklame kojima su mete djeca i negativan prikaz djece u tiskanim medijima.
Najvažniju ulogu u stvaranju pozitivnog i kvalitetnog odnosa prema medijima imaju roditelji. Oni su i dalje nezamjenjivi autoritet kojeg sami odgovorno trebaju ostvariti i njegovati. Žele li provoditi kvalitetan odgoj te odgojiti sretnu i odgovornu djecu koja će se znati služiti medijima na odgovarajući način, trebaju uložiti kvalitetno vrijeme te se sami medijski obrazovati razvijajući medijsku pismenost.The topic of this thesis are the problems and perspectives that parents face in modern upbringing and are brought by different media. The presence of the media in today's age is undeniable, both in the lives of adults and children. They are present in all fields, from play and free time to kindergartens, schools and further in education and the business segment of life. This paper therefore explains the influence of the media on children in the most important period of their lives.
Different types of media to which children are exposed in larger or smaller quantities are shown. These are printed media i.e., newspapers and books, and electronic media, i.e. television, radio and the Internet. Furthermore, the paper shows the importance of parents' authority in upbringing in general and in media education. Educational institutions are of great importance in the early education of children. Their role in media education is also explained. In addition, the paper brings insight into research on the presence and use of certain media in the world and Croatia.
The positive influence of the media in children's lives is most evident in education, where it has been shown that it can serve as a powerful tool. It is important to use them consciously and thoughtfully, with a dose of criticism and an emphasis on media literacy. Parents and educators have an important role themselves. They need to be aware of their own use of the media and develop the ability to distinguish between quality and low-quality media content. On the other hand, the negative impact is manifested through violence in the media, addiction to the Internet, various types of cybercrime, advertisements targeting children and negative portrayal of children in print media.
Parents play the most important role in creating a positive and quality relationship with the media. They still have an irreplaceable authority role which they should responsibly exercise and nurture. If they want to carry out quality education and raise happy and responsible children who will know how to use the media in an appropriate way, they should invest quality time and educate themselves in the media by developing media literacy
Basketball in primary education
No full textU ovom radu govori se o košarci, sportu koji na mnogo načina ima pozitivan utjecaj na razvoj osobe. Rad započinje opisivanjem razvoja košarke, od njenog nastajanja pa sve do danas. Govori se o košarkaškim pravilima te kako su se pravila razvijala do moderne košarke te o košarci u Hrvatskoj i načinima natjecanja. Košarka je sport u kojem je tehnika od velike važnosti. Košarka ima osnovne tehnike dodavanja, šutiranja, vođenja lopte, hvatanja lopte i pivotiranja koje se dalje razrađuju. Tako postoje različita vrsta dodavanja poput: dodavanja iznad glave, dodavanja u razini prsiju, dodavanje od podloge, dodavanja jednom rukom. Kod šutiranja postoje šut, skok-šut te šutevi iz igre leđnom tehnikom. Rano razvijanje i treniranje svih tehnika dovodi do usavršavanja i uspješne izvedbe u samoj igri. U primarnom obrazovanju košarkaški elementi postepeno se uče i usavršavaju do kraja osnovnog obrazovanja. Tijekom poučavanja košarkaških elemenata i pravila veliku ulogu ima učitelj, ali i nastavna sredstva i pomagala.This paper discusses basketball, a sport that has a positive effect on people in a variety of ways. The paper starts with describing the development of basketball from the creation of the sport until the present day. The paper discusses the rules of basketball, and how they changed to what they are today as well as basketball in Croatia and the ways to compete. Basketball is a sport in which technique has a very big role. Basic techniques in basketball include passing, shooting, dribbling, catching the ball and pivoting. These basic techniques are then further expanded on. There are different ways of passing a basketball such as an overhead pass, a direct pass, a bounce pass and a one handed pass. When it comes to shooting techniques there is: a shot, a jump shot, and a variety of shots that can be shot from playing in the post. Training and development of these skills from a young age leads to improvement and makes it possible to do the moves in a real game. In primary education, basketball elements are taught step-by-step and are trained until the end of primary school. The teacher as well as teaching aids and the equipment available have a big role in teaching basketball techniques and rules
Tambura in early childhood education
No full textU radu s djecom rane i predškolske dobi, vrlo je važno osvijestiti tradicijsku kulturnu baštinu. Jedno od najpoznatijih tradicijskih žičanih glazbala je tambura. Ona je proteklih stotinjak godina postala dijelom šire kulturne stvarnosti te se njome odgojitelji u radu s djecom mogu koristiti već od vrtića. Cilj rada je kroz primjer tambure osvijestiti važnost očuvanja hrvatske tradicijske baštine od najranije dobi te opisati kako se tambura može koristiti u vrtiću u radu s djecom rane i predškolske dobi. Tamburu se dakako, osim kao instrument, djeci može prikazati kroz različite aktivnosti: glazbene, likovne, istraživačko-spoznajne te u različitim igrama.
U radu su detaljno, u okviru primjera dobre prakse, opisane aktivnosti s tamburom provedene u nekoliko vrtića s područja grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije. Prikazani su i opisani različiti poticaji izrađeni za točno određenu dob djece, kao i za poticanje njihovih razvojnih zadaća. Također su opisani i metodički oblici rada u kojima se kroz metode rada, npr. dramatizaciju, pjesmu i igre s pjevanjem, potiče dječje stvaralaštvo. Ono dalje zaokuplja dječju pažnju, razvija osjećaj za govor, sluh, ritam te kulturne vrijednosti potičući istovremeno individualnost svakog djeteta. U radu se također opisuje interes djece za temu tambure, kao i ponovni ulazak u aktivnosti vezane za tamburu.Working with children of early childhood education, it is very important to be aware of traditional cultural heritage. One of the most famous traditional string instrument is tambura. Over the past hundred years, it has become part of the wider cultural reality, and educators can use it in their work with children from kindergarten onwards. The aim of the paper is to use the example of the tambura to raise awareness of the importance of preserving Croatian traditional heritage from an early age and to describe how tambura can be used in kindergarten in working with children of early childhood education. Of course, apart from being an instrument, tambura can be shown to children through various activities: musical, artistic, research cognitive and in various games.
The paper describes in detail. within the framework of examples of good practice, the activities with the tambura carried out in several kindergartens in the area of the city of Zagreb and the Zagreb County. Various incentives created for the exact age of children, as well as for encouraging their developmental tasks, are presented and described. Methodical forms of work are also described, in which childrenˈs creativity is encouraged through work methods, for example, dramatization, songs and games with singing. It furder captures childˈs attention, develops a sense of speech, hearing, rhythm and cultural values, encouraging at the same time the individuality of each child. The paper also describes childrenˈs interest in the subject of tambura, as well as their re-entry into activities related to tambura
About Speech and Language Difficulties of Preschool Children from the Perspective of their Parents and Teachers
No full textGovor i jezično izražavanje vještine su koje nas nedvojbeno izdvajaju u odnosu na druga živa bića. Dijete i prije svog rođenja u majčinoj utrobi reagira na njezin glas, pa tako i odmah po rođenju preferira glas svoje majke nad glasovima drugih žena. Prva godina djetetova života je vrijeme u kojem dijete uči kontrolirati svoje govorne organe u svrhu usvajanja vještine govora. Sve je lakše kada znamo da je djetetov razvoj uredan. Međutim, problemi nastaju kada se jave teškoće, kako općenite, tako i jezično govorne teškoće. Taj problem ne smijemo zanemariti, s obzirom na činjenicu da kvaliteta djetetova života ovisi o njegovoj sposobnosti da komunicira s okolinom, kako bi zadovoljilo svoje potrebe, izrazilo osjećaje, stavove pa i strahove. Ponekad se dogodi i situacija da je dijete urednog kognitivnog razvoja, ali mu je jezično-govorni razvoj usporen i ne slijedi propisane miljokaze. Čak i u slučaju da je jezično-govorni razvoj do tada bio uredan, zbog nepovoljnih životnih okolnosti u kojim se dijete nalazi, on može biti ometen. Unatoč raznim teorijama razvoja govora, jedna je činjenica neosporna, a to je potreba da dijete bude izloženo govoru. Dijete će svakako u nekom trenutku svoga razvoja, ako je urednog razvoja, početi ispuštati glasove. Upravo se ovdje ističe potreba da roditelji i odgojitelji pomognu djetetu potičući njegov jezično-govorni razvoj na način da mu budu podrška i kvalitetan govorni uzor. Roditelj uvijek želi najbolje za svoje dijete, ali ponekad nije stručan u prepoznavanju teškoća u kojima se dijete nalazi. Rano prepoznavanje odstupanja u jezičnogovornom razvoju i rana intervencija, sprječavaju daljnji nastanak poremećaja koji bi se kasnije u puno većoj mjeri negativno odrazio na djetetov cjelokupni razvoj. Stoga je važna edukacija odgojitelja na način da budu u mogućnosti na vrijeme prepoznati jezično-govorne teškoće, upoznati roditelje s tim saznanjima te ih uputiti na daljnje djelovanje. Pomoć djetetu se u prvom redu može ostvariti uz pomoć stručnog tima, uz uvjet da odgojno–obrazovna ustanova ima logopeda. Ukoliko ga nema, potrebno je uputiti roditelje da s djetetom posjete logopeda kako bi se ranom intervencijom osigurala najveća dobrobit djeteta.Speech and language expression are skills that set us apart from other living beings. Even before birth, the child reacts to its mother's voice in the womb. After birth, it prefers its mother's voice over the voices of other women. The first year of a child's life is the time when the child learns to control its speech organs in order to acquire the skill of speaking. Everything is easier when we know that the child's development is in order. However, problems arise in case of difficulties, either general ones or the ones concerning language and speech. We must not ignore this problem, given the fact that the quality of a child's life depends on its ability to communicate with the environment, in order to satisfy its needs, express feelings, attitudes and even fears. There might be situations when a child has an orderly cognitive development, but its language and speech development is slowed down and it does not follow the prescribed milestones. Even if the language and speech development was orderly until then, due to the unfavorable life circumstances, it can be hindered. Despite various theories of speech development, one fact is indisputable, and that is the need for the child to be exposed to speech. The child will certainly start making sounds at some point in its development, if it is developing properly. It is precisely here that the need for parents and educators to help the child by encouraging its linguistic and speech development in such a way as to be a support and quality speech role model is highlighted. Parents always want the best for their child, but sometimes they are not experts in recognizing the difficulties the child is in. Early recognition of deviations in language and speech development and early intervention prevents the further occurrence of disorders that would later have a much greater negative impact on the child's overall development. Therefore, it is important to educate educators in such a way that they are able to recognize language and speech difficulties in time, familiarize parents with this information and direct them to further action. Helping a child can primarily be achieved with the help of a professional team, provided that the educational institution has a speech therapist. If there is none, it is necessary to instruct the parents to visit a speech therapist with the child in order to ensure the greatest welfare of the child through early intervention
Children's nutrition in primary education
No full textIstraživanje ovog diplomskog rada imalo je za cilj ispitati kakvoću prehrambenih navika i tjelesnu aktivnost djece primarnog obrazovanja. Uzorak ispitanika je obuhvaćao njih 111, te su podaci prikupljeni putem online anketnog upitnika objavljenog na društvenoj mreži Facebook u grupi Školska zbornica čiji su članovi roditelji i ujedno većinom učitelji. Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji niz izazova u održavanju ravnoteže između unosa kalorija i tjelesne aktivnosti među školskom djecom. Prema dobivenim podacima, većina djece ima četiri obroka dnevno s naglaskom na nutritivnu vrijednost pri pripremi obroka, no voće i povrće su nedovoljno zastupljeni u prehrani. Unatoč tome, gotovo 70% djece je uključeno u organizirane tjelesne aktivnosti, no nažalost i velik broj provodi znatno više vremena pred ekranima nego u aktivnoj igri na otvorenom. Osim toga, konzumacija slatkiša i grickalica i dalje predstavlja izazov u postizanju uravnotežene prehrane, iako roditelji pokazuju svijest o ograničavanju unosa šećera i brze hrane. Iako postoji potreba za boljom ravnotežom u unosu različitih namirnica kako bi prehrana djece školske dobi bila izvan prosjeka, roditelji prepoznaju važnost zdrave prehrane i tjelesne aktivnosti te su svjesni potrebe za promjenama u prehrambenim navikama i smanjenju vremena provedenog pred ekranima. Važno je dalje promicati zdrave prehrambene i životne navike među školskom djecom kako bi se osigurao njihov zdrav razvoj i budućnost.The aim of this master's thesis research was to examine the quality of dietary habits and physical activity of primary school children. The sample of participants included 111 individuals, and data were collected through an online survey questionnaire published on the social media platform Facebook, within the group Školska zbornica, whose members are parents and predominantly teachers. The study revealed a number of challenges in maintaining a balance between caloric intake and physical activity among school children. According to the obtained data, the majority of children have four meals a day, with an emphasis on nutritional value when preparing meals, but fruits and vegetables are underrepresented in their diets. Despite this, nearly 70% of children are engaged in organized physical activities, but unfortunately, a significant number also spend more time in front of screens than in active outdoor play. Furthermore, the consumption of sweets and snacks continues to pose a challenge in achieving a balanced diet, although parents demonstrate an awareness of limiting sugar intake and fast food. While there is a need for better balance in the intake of various foods to elevate the dietary habits of school-age children beyond the average, parents recognize the importance of healthy eating and physical activity and are aware of the need for changes in dietary habits and a reduction in screen time. It is crucial to continue promoting healthy dietary and lifestyle habits among school children to ensure their healthy development and future