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Obesity of preschool children
No full textU ovom radu će se govoriti o pretilosti djece predškolske dobi. Sve veći problem cijelog svijeta nije samo pretilost odraslih nego sve veći broj pretile djece od njihove najranije dobi. U radu će se definirati pojam pretilosti, uzroci pretilosti, isto tako govorit će se o prevenciji pretilosti te o tome kako pristupiti djetetu koje ima problema sa pretilošću i kako mu na najbolji mogući način pomoći. Cilj ovog rada je približiti sam pojam pretilosti, naglasiti važnost ovog problema koji je sve češći pogotovo kod djece i mladih zbog ubrzanog načina života, naglasiti važnost uravnotežene i zdrave prehrane te tjelovježbe. U projektu buđenja svijesti o zdravom životu veliku ulogu igraju roditelji, vrtić te zdravstveni djelatnici koji bi svi zajedničkim snagama trebali poboljšati zdravstveno stanje djeteta. U radu su se koristili intervjui odgajatelja, roditelja i zdravstvene djelatnice koji su pokazali da je jako bitan dobar i suradnički odnos ovih triju čimbenika u djetetovom životu i odrastanju. Odgajatelj svojom pristupačnošću i pozitivnim stavom mora biti podrška roditeljima. Zdravstveni djelatnik svojim znanjem o prehrani i svojim stručnim stavom. No najbitniji čimbenik u pokretanju zdrave prehrane i fizičke aktivnosti mora biti roditelj, jer su roditelji ti koje djeca kopiraju i rade isto što i oni sam. Bitno je napomenuti da su majke od samog početka odgovorne za zdravstveno stanje vlastitog djeteta, kao i za vlastiti plan prehrane i kretanja, kako u trudnoći tako i u periodu nakon poroda. Užurbani život, brza prehrana, manjak tjelovježbe i nebriga za tijelo i psihu je upravo ono što je dovelo do velikog postotka pretile djece i to u predškolskoj dobi.In this thesis I will discuss the problem of obesity in preschool children. All over the world the problem of obesity is growing, not just in adults, but also young children. In my thesis I will define obesity, list its causes, and explain the best ways to prevent it as well as help children who are already obese. The goal of this thesis is to familiarize the reader with the problem of obesity, to explain the importance of this problem which affects more and more children and adolescents because of our fast paced way of life, and to emphasize the importance of a healthy and balanced diet as well as an active lifestyle. Parents, alongside with childcare and healthcare personel, play a key role in the process of teaching children a healthy lifestyle, and they should a ll work together to improve the health of the child. In this thesis interviews with parents, childcare and healthcare workers were used, and they h ave shown that a good and collaborative relationship between these three factors is extremely important in a childs life as it grows up. A childcare worker should provide support to parents with their open and positive attitude, and healthcare personel should share their knowledge and expert oppinions with them. However, the most important factor in leading a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and plenty of physical activity have to be the parents themselves, as they are the ones who children observe everyday and copy their habits. It is important to note that mothers are responsible for their childrens health from the very beginning,as they create their own menu and activity habits, in their pregnancy and in the postpartum period. A busy lifestyle, along with fast food and lack of physical activity, as well as a general negligence toward our body and mind have all led to a staggering percentage of obese preschool children
Lesson Study - model of collective planning and observing the lesson in mathematics
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu istraživanjem se ispituje unaprjeđuje li „Lesson Study“ – model kolegijalnog planiranja i opažanja nastave matematike kvalitetu nastave. Istraživanje se provodilo kroz tri nastavna sata uz zajedničko dogovaranje i planiranje prije i poslije nastavnih sati. Praćenjem procesa, proučavanjem bilješki i dokumenata odgovara se na istraživačko pitanje. „Lesson Study“ pristup je profesionalnom razvoju učitelja i naglašava dva elementa, a to su: dugotrajna praksa i implicitno vjerovanje u učinkovitost učenja. Cilj modela „Lesson Study“ je izgraditi školu koja osigurava visokokvalitetno učenje za svako dijete i mogućnost učenja za sve učitelje da postanu profesionalci. Kolegijalno opažanje nastave odnosi se na obostrano opažanje, otvaranje rasprave o poučavanju i omogućavanje uzajamne refleksije. Ovakvo opažanje nema strogi evaluacijski pristup jer se praćenje nastave ne provodi iz pozicije autoriteta ili moći već se temelji na međusobnoj podršci, jednakosti i motivaciji. Kolegijalnim opažanjem nastave stvara se zajednica učitelja koji uče, redovito se sastaju, preispituju svoj rad, razmjenjuju iskustva i ideje, rješavaju zajedničke probleme i pripremaju nove pristupe i metode. Težnja modela „Lesson Study“ je steći zajednički jezik i viziju preko granica odjela i učionica i nadići postojeće raskole. U radu su opisane usmene rasprave te aktivnosti koje su se provodile na nastavi, nakon čega slijedi rasprava u kojoj su ukratko opisani sinopsisi pripreme sata, zajedničko planiranje i refleksije po održanim satima.The purpose of the research analysed in this master thesis is to question if the model of collective planning and observing the lessons in mathematics – defined as a Lesson Study – improved their quality. The research was carried out during three lessons, preceded and followed by a collective discussion and planning. The purpose of process monitoring, comparing the notes and documents is to verify if the research question was answered. The Lesson Study is an approach to professional development of teachers that emphasizes two elements and that are: long-term praxis and implicit conviction of the efficacy of learning. The aim of the Lesson Study model is to form a school that provides high-quality learning for each and every child as well as an opportunity to develop for all the teachers all the way to become professionals. Collegial observation of the process of teaching refers to mutual observation, opening a discussion about teaching and enabling mutual reflection. Such an observation does not have a strict evaluation approach because the monitoring of the teaching process is not carried out from a stand-point of authority or power, but is based on mutual support, equality and motivation. Collegial observation of teaching crates a community of teachers who learn, meet regularly, and review their work, exchange experiences and ideas, solve common problems and prepare new approaches and methods. The aspiration of the Lesson Study model is to acquire a shared language and vision across the boundaries of departments and classrooms and to overcome existing detachments. The thesis describes the oral discussions and the activities that were carried out in the classroom, followed by an analysis in which the synopses of lesson preparation, joint planning and reflection on the lessons were concisely described
Relationship Between Morphological Components Of Fitness And Physical Activity Level Of Female Students Of The Faculty Of Teacher Education
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoji li povezanost morfoloških sastavnica
fitnesa s razinom tjelesne aktivnosti kod studentica Učiteljskog fakulteta u Čakovcu.
Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 146 studentica prve godine redovnog i izvanrednog studija.
Uzorak varijabli sastajao se od osam antropometrijskih mjera. Sva mjerenja i svi
testovi provedeni su u dvorani Učiteljskog fakulteta u Čakovcu. Izračunani su
Spearmanovi koeficijenti korelacije između tjelesne aktivnosti i antropometrijskih
mjera (indeks tjelesne mase, kožni nabora nadlaktice, kožni nabor suprailiokristalni,
kožni nabor bedra, postotak tjelesne masti, opseg trbuha, opseg bokova i indeks
rizičnosti tipa pretilosti). Rezultati su pokazali da je veliki postotak studentica s
normalnom tjelesnom masom od 75,9 %, međutim ono što zabrinjava postotak je od
24,1 % povećane tjelesne mase i pretilosti. Rezultati također pokazuju da 91,7 %
studentica ima normalni indeks tipa pretilosti, dok samo 8,3 % ima povećani indeks.
Prema vrijednostima minimalnih i maksimalnih rezultata mjerenih morfoloških
varijabli, mogu se uočiti veliki rasponi u varijablama tjelesne mase, kožnih nabora i
opsega trbuha i kukova. Deskriptivnim parametrima Baeckovog upitnika najveća
prosječna vrijednost postignuta je u području slobodnog vremena, manja je u području
sporta, dok je najmanja prosječna vrijednost tjelesne aktivnosti postignuta na fakultetu.
Spearmanovi koeficijenti korelacije između morfoloških varijabli i tjelesne aktivnosti
ukazuju na niske negativne vrijednosti u svim morfološkim varijablama osim u opsegu
trbuha. Varijabla indeks slobodno vrijeme pokazuje značajnu negativnu korelaciju
samo s kožnim naborom bedra. Slaba negativna povezanost dobivena je između
ukupne tjelesne aktivnosti i indeksa tjelesne mase, kožnog nabora nadlaktice, kožnog
nabora bedra, postotka tjelesne masti i opsega bokova.The aim of this research was to determine whether there is a correlation between
morphological components of fitness and the level of physical activity of students at
the Faculty if teachers in Čakovec. The sample consisted of 146 first year students of
full and part-time study. The sample of variables was composed of eight
anthropometric measures. All measurements and all tests were carried out in the hall
of the Faculty of teachers in Čakovec. Spearman˙s correlation coefficients between
physical activity and anthropometric measures were calculated (body mass indeks,
upper arm skin wrinkles, superprailiographic skin slope, thigh skin fold, percentage of
body fat, abdominal scope, perimeter of hips and obesity risk indeks). The results
showed that a large percentage of female students with a normal body mass of 75,9%,
but what is of concern is a percentage of 24,1% of increased body weight and obesity.
The results also show that 91,7% of students have a normal obesity indeks, while only
8,3% have an increased indeks. Based on the minimal and maximum results of the
morphological variables measured, large ranges can be observed in body mass, skin
folds and abodominal and hip volumes. With descriptive parameters of Baeck˙s
questionnaire, the highest average value was achieved in the field of leisure time,
smaller in the field of sports, while the lowest average value pf physical activity was
achieved at the Faculty. Spearman˙s correlation coefficients between morphological
variables and physical activity indicate low negative values in all morphological
variables except in the abdominal range. The variable the free time indeks shows a
significant negative correlation only with the skin tightness of the thigh. Poor negative
relationship was obtained between total body activity and body mass index, upper arm
skin wrinkles, thigh skin wrinkles, percentage of body fat and size of hips
Attitudes Of Primary School Teachers About Distance Learning In The Class Of Science
No full textGodina 2020. donijela je sa sobom mnoge promjene u raznim sferama pa tako
i u obrazovanju. Učitelji i učenici morali su se prilagoditi novom obliku nastave –
nastavi na daljinu. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest ispitati stavove učitelja o nastavi na
daljinu iz predmeta priroda i društvo. Ispitivani su općeniti stavovi o nastavi na daljinu,
nedostaci takve nastave za nastavni predmet prirode i društva, kvaliteta usvajanja
predviđenih ishoda učenja te postoji li mogućnost korištenja svih oblika rada u nastavi.
Stavovi su se ispitivali online upitnikom namijenjenim isključivo za učitelje i
učiteljice razredne nastave, a istom je pristupilo 120 ispitanika. Pokazalo se kako su
učitelji u velikoj mjeri nezadovoljni nastavom na daljinu iz predmeta prirode i društva
te je njihov stav da je živa riječ nezamjenjiva. Također su potvrdili da nastava na
daljinu ne može zadovoljiti sve potrebe nastave prirode i društva, da su za vrijeme
nastave na daljinu doživljavali veliki stres te da im se za takav oblik nastave teže
pripremiti.The year 2020 brought many changes in various spheres, including education.
The research aims to examine the attitudes of teachers about distance learning in the
subject of science and social studies. The general attitudes about distance learning, the
shortcomings of such teaching for the subject of science and social studies were
examined, whether there is a possibility of using all forms of work in teaching.
Attitudes were examined with an online questionnaire intended exclusively for
primary school teachers, and 120 respondents approached it. It turned out that teachers
are largely dissatisfied with distance learning in the subject of science and social
studies, and their attitude is that the living word is irreplaceable. They also confirmed
that distance learning cannot meet all the needs of science and social studies, that they
have experienced great stress during distance learning, and that it is more difficult for
them to prepare for such a form of teaching
The Influence Of The School Environment On Students Motivation To Sport And Exercise.
No full textSvrha istraživanja bila je ispitati povezanost percepcije učenika o njihovom školskom
okruženju, koje čini odnos učiteljima, učenicima, trenerima, opremljenosti i uređenju
škole te utjecaj na motivaciju učenika u sportu i vježbanju. Istraživanje se također bavi
razlikama u percepciji školskog okruženja na motivaciju u sportu i vježbanju s obzirom
na spol i dob.
Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 139 djece u dobi od 7 do 10 godina, koja pohađaju
drugi, treći i četvrti razred.
Učenici su ispunili upitnik motivacije za sudjelovanjem (PMQ; Gill, Gross i Huddleston,
1983) i upitnik školskog okruženja (Q-SPACE; Robertson-Wilson, Lévesque i Holden,
2007). Dio upitnika ispunjen je online, a dio u fizičkom obliku.
U odnosu na motivaciju u sportu i vježbanju, osnovna statistička analiza pokazala je kako
djeca vole provoditi vrijeme s prijateljima i vole se baviti nečime u čemu su dobri, a ne
pridaju veliku važnost ugledu i popularnosti. Podaci ukazuju i kako su je da su djeca
motivirana razvijanjem i usavršavanjem vještina, vježbanjem, zabavom i timskom
atmosferom. Razlike između spolova se nisu pokazale statistički značajnima.
Nadalje, pronađena je visoka povezanost motivacije za sudjelovanje i školskog okruženja
(r=.62, p<.01). Sa skalom socijalno okruženje najviše koreliraju skale
vještina/kompetitivnost (r= .47, p < .01) i timska atmosfera (r=.44, p < .01).
Sudeći prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja, djeci je školsko okruženje važno budući da
u školi provode znatan dio svog vremena. U školi bi trebali biti informirani o tjelesnim
aktivnostima koje se provode unutar škole, ali i u zajednici kako bi mogli steći naviku
bavljenja tjelesnim aktivnostima.The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between students' perceptions
of their school environment, which is the relationship between teachers, students,
coaches, school equipment and school arrangement, and its impact on student motivation
in sport and exercise. The research also intended to establish the differences in the
perception of the school environment on motivation in sports and exercise according to
gender and age.
The study was conducted on a sample of 139 children aged 7 to 10 years, attending
second, third and fourth grade.
The children completed Participation Motivation in Sport Questionnaire (PMQ; Gill,
Gross and Huddleston, 1983) and Questionnaire Assessing School Physical Activity
Environment (Q-SPACE; Robertson-Wilson, Lévesque and Holden, 2007). Part of the
questionnaire was completed online and part in physical form.
In terms of motivation in sport and exercise, basic statistical analysis showed that children
like to spend time with friends and like to do something they are good at and don't attach
much importance to reputation and popularity. The data also indicate that children are
motivated by developing and improving their skills, exercising, having fun and having a
team atmosphere. Gender differences showed no statistical significance.
Furthermore, a large effect size was found between motivation to participate and the
school environment (r= .62, p< .01). Variable social environment is most correlated with
the variables skills/competition (r= .47, p< .01) and team atmosphere (r = .44, p< .01).
Judging by the results of this study, the school environment is important for children
because they spend a significant part of their time in school. Children in school should be
informed about the physical activities that take place within the school, but also in the
community so that they can acquire the habit of engaging in physical activities
The impact of children's diabetes on teachers' daily work
No full textŠećerna bolest (lat. diabetes mellitus) se može definirati kao sindrom pri kojem tijelo ne može regulirati razinu glukoze u krvi. Od nje danas boluje više ljudi nego ikada prije, kako odraslih, tako i djece i adolescenata. Ako je glukoza u krvi godinama povećana, to može dovesti do komplikacija s očima, bubrezima, stopalima, srcem, krvnim žilama i živcima. Kako bi se to izbjeglo, važan je nadzor razine glukoze u krvi. Uz pravilnu prehranu, tjelesnu aktivnost i liječničku terapiju, osnovna načela liječenja šećerne bolesti su samokontrola i edukacija bolesnika. Ako je oboljela osoba dijete, važna je edukacija roditelja te znanje učitelja o zdravstvenim potrebama učenika kako bi znali pravovremeno reagirati u slučaju komplikacija. Uz pomoć roditelja i stručnjaka, i dijete će s vremenom naučiti brinuti o svome stanju.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati znanje učitelja razredne nastavne i učitelja u produženom boravku o šećernoj bolesti, utvrditi njihovo mišljenje o bolesti i potrebnoj edukaciji, ispitati iskustvo s učenicima i uvidjeti utjecaj šećerne bolesti djece na njihov svakodnevni rad te spremnost pružanja pomoći učeniku oboljelom od šećerne bolesti u određenim situacijama.
Istraživanje je provedeno putem Google anketnog upitnika na 265 učitelja osnovnih škola u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da učitelji posjeduju osnovne informacije o šećernoj bolesti te da je smatraju ozbiljnom bolešću koja zahtijeva njihovu pozornost tijekom rada. Iako poznaju termine vezane za bolest, istraživanje je pokazalo nezadovoljstvo učitelja vlastitim znanjem, ali i spremnost odlaska učitelja na edukaciju radi upoznavanja bolesti i stjecanja većih kompetencija u postupanju s učenicima oboljelim od šećerne bolesti.
Cjelokupnim istraživanjem može se zaključiti da su učitelji složni u mišljenju da su edukacija, podrška, suradnja i komunikacija s roditeljima ključne u upravljanju šećernom bolešću. Istraživanje može biti poticaj organiziranju edukacija za učitelje u školama.Diabetes (lat. diabetes mellitus) can be defined as a syndrome characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood glucose levels. Today more people than ever before suffer from it, from adults to children and adolescents. If the blood glucose level rises over the years, it can lead to complications that affect eyes, kidneys, feet, heart, blood vessels and nerves. To avoid this, it is important to monitor blood glucose levels. With proper nutrition, physical activity and medical therapy, the basic principles of diabetes treatment are self-monitoring and patient education. If the patient is a child, education of parents and teacher's knowledge about the health needs of students is important so that they can respond in a timely manner in the event of complications. Eventually, with the help of parents and professionals, the child will learn to take care of their condition.
The research aim was to examine the knowledge of primary school teachers and extended-stay teachers about diabetes, to determine their views about the disease and proper education, to examine the experiences of students and see the impact of diabetes on their daily routines and their willingness to help a student with diabetes in certain situations.
The research was carried out using a Google survey questionnaire among 265 primary school teachers in the Republic of Croatia. The results of the research showed that teachers have basic information about diabetes and consider it a serious disease that requires their attention during their work. Although they are familiar with terms/vocabulary related to the disease, the research showed a dissatisfaction among the teachers with their own knowledge, but also a willingness of teachers to attend training seminars in order to find out more about the disease and acquire greater competencies in dealing with students with diabetes.
Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that teachers agree that education, support, cooperation and communication with parents are crucial in diabetes management. The research can serve as inspiration for organizing training seminars for teachers in schools
Motor Development Of Preschool Children
No full textU ovom završnom radu govori se o motoričkom razvoju djece predškolske dobi. Danas na dijete gledamo kao cjelovito biće. Poznavajući karakteristike djetetova razvoja utječemo na njegov što bolji i kvalitetniji rast i razvoj. Poznavanjem karakteristika dječjeg razvoja u određenoj djetetovoj dobi znat ćemo što treba podržavati, što poticati, ali i što možemo očekivati od djeteta. Djetetov razvoj gledamo kao motorički, fizički, emocionalni i kognitivni razvoj. Razvojem motorike dijete postaje sve sposobnije koristiti vlastito tijelo i baratati različitim predmetima. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati djetetov motorički razvoj od rođenja pa sve do polaska u školu kroz razvojne etape. Pozornost će se posvetiti tjelesnom i motoričkom razvoju, odnosno kako od najranije dobi usvojiti motorička znanja kao i preporuke za poticanje djece na bavljenje tjelesnim aktivnostima.This final paper discusses the motor development of preschool children. Today we look at the child as a whole being. Knowing the characteristics of a child's development, we influence his better and better growth and development. By knowing the characteristic of child development at a certain child's age, we will know what to support, what to encourage, but also what we can expect from the child. We view a child's development as motor, physical, emotional and cognitive development. With the development of motor skills, the child becomes more and more able to use his own body and handle various objects. The aim of this paper is to show the child's motor development from birth to school trough the development stages. Attention will be paid to physical and motor development, ie how to acquire motor skills from an early age, as well as recommendations for encouraging children to engage in physical activities
Biological-Ecological Teaching Of Preschool Children By Making 3D Models
No full textGlobalizacija i neracionalno korištenje prirodnog blaga doveli su do ekološke krize koja
se očituje u nedostatku hrane, zagađenju okoliša, izumiranju brojnih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta,
klimatskim promjenama i prenapućenosti Zemlje. Kako bi se krenulo na rješavanje posljedica
potrebno je osvijestiti sebe i svoj način razmišljanja te djelovati prema odgoju novih generacija
koje će poštovati odnos ljudi i prirode. Važno je ekološke aktivnosti promicati već u
predškolskoj dobi koja daje temelj za trajno usvajanje ekoloških navika. Pritom veliku ulogu
nosi dječji vrtić kao ustanova i odgojitelj kao pokretač aktivnosti i stvaratelj prostornomaterijalnih uvjeta. Potrebno je kreirati dobre ekološke programe i strukturirati eko-djelatnosti
kako bi one donijele rezultate. Temeljni uvjet za ekološko učenje je igra s naglaskom na
istraživanju. U radu su objašnjene raznolike aktivnosti koje se mogu provoditi kao motivacija
za stvaranje emocija prema prirodi i usvajanje ekoloških navika. Kreativnost i inovativnost u
mišljenju važne su karakteristike ekološke osviještenosti, a iste se razvijaju likovnim
aktivnostima, stoga je u ovome radu predložena aktivnost 3d modeliranja kao sredstvo za učenje
o biologiji i ekologiji. Materijal odabran za izradu 3d modela je glina zbog svoje prirodnosti,
senzornih mogućnosti koje pruža i zainteresiranosti djece za oblikovanje iste. Cilj predložene
aktivnosti je stvaranje i izražavanje emocija prema drvetu kroz modeliranje glinom koje
zahtijeva dugotrajnost i dubinsko promišljanje tijekom izrade. Preteča izradi 3d modela su
motivacijska priča sa važnim informacijama o obitavanju drva, razgovor o važnosti drveća te
istraživačka aktivnost proučavanja različitog drveća u prirodi.Globalization and the irrational use of natural resources have led to an ecological crisis
manifested in food shortages, environmental pollution, the extinction of many plant and animal
species, climate change and the overpopulation of the Earth. In order to start solving the
consequences, it is necessary to be aware of yourself and your way of thinking and to act
towards the education of new generations who will respect the relationship between people and
nature. It is important to promote environmental activities already in preschool, which provides
a basis for the permanent adoption of environmental habits. The kindergarten plays an important
role as an institution and the educator as the initiator of activities and the creator of spatial and
material conditions. It is necessary to create good environmental programs and structure ecoactivities so that they bring results. The basic condition for ecological learning is play with an
emphasis on research. The paper explains a variety of activities that can be carried out as a
motivation to create emotions towards nature and adopt ecological habits. Creativity and
innovation in thinking are important characteristics of environmental awareness, and they are
developed through art activities, so in this paper we propose the activity of 3d modeling as a
means of learning about biology and ecology. The material chosen for making the 3d model is
clay because of its naturalness, the sensory possibilities it provides and the children's interest in
shaping it. The aim of the proposed activity is to create and express emotions towards wood
through clay modeling which requires longevity and deep reflection during making. The
forerunners of making 3d models are a motivational story with important information about the
habitat of trees, a conversation about the importance of trees and a research activity of studying
different trees in nature
Working With Stories Through The Medium Of Process Drama
No full textPriče su sastavni dio odgojno-obrazovnog rada svakog odgojitelja. One se s djecom mogu
proraditi na različite načine, a jedan od njih je i putem medija procesne drame. Procesna drama
podiže proradu priče na posve novu razinu jer snažno potiče maštu i kreativnost kod djece.
Djeca ne zamišljaju sadržaj samo slušanjem, već aktivno sudjeluju u stvaranju priče. S ovakvim
načinom dramskog rada u Hrvatskoj nije se još susrelo mnogo odgojitelja, zato ga je tek
potrebno popularizirati i približiti ga odgojiteljima. Cilj ovog rada je predstaviti procesnu dramu
kao odličan medij za proradu priča. U prvom dijelu rada objašnjena je uloga priča u
cjelokupnom razvoju djeteta i iznesen je teorijski prikaz procesne drame. Osim kratkog
povijesnog pregleda nastanka same procesne drame i njenih osnovnih karakteristika, objašnjene
su i dramske tehnike kao osnovne jedinice procesne drame. U drugom dijelu rada prikazan je
praktičan primjer prorade priče pomoću procesne drame koji je proveden u vrtiću s grupom
petogodišnjaka.Stories are integral part of every educator`s educational work. They can work on stories in many
different ways and one of them is through the medium of process drama. Process drama raises
work on stories to a whole new level because it strongly encourages imagination and creativity
by children. Instead of listening and imagining the content of the story, they actively participate
in its creation. Many educators in Croatia are not familiar with this kind of drama work, so it
has yet to be popularized and introduced to them. The purpose of this paper is introducing
process drama as an excellent way of processing a story. The first part of this paper consists of
listed benefits of the stories for the overall child development and the theory of process drama.
Except of the short historical overview of process drama and its basic characteristics, drama
tehniques as fundamental elements of process drama are also explained. The second part of this
paper gives a practical example of working on the story through the medium of process drama,
which has been relized in kindergarten in the group of five-year-olds
Vaccination Of Preschool Children
No full textCijepljenje je unošenje antigena u organizam sa svrhom stvaranja protutijela. To je najveći
medicinski uspjeh 20. stoljeća i njime je spašeno više života nego bilo kojom drugom
medicinskom intervencijom u povijesti. Osim individualne zaštite koju postižemo
cijepljenjem, optimalnim programom cijepljenja i njegovom provedbom postižemo
kolektivnu imunost (za bolesti koje se prenose s čovjeka na čovjeka, ukoliko se postigne
dovoljan obuhvat populacije cijepljenjem, prijenos bolesti biti će prekinut – imuni pojedinci
će zaštiti neimune) te na taj način može doći i do eliminacije bolesti. Kao i svi lijekovi i
medicinski pripravci, tako i cjepiva mogu izazvati nuspojave. One se prate i bilježe u
Registar nuspojava cijepljenja. Temeljem Zakona o zaštiti pučanstva od zaraznih bolesti
(NN 79/07) u Republici Hrvatskoj cijepljenje je obvezno protiv: difterije, tetanusa, hripavca,
dječje paralize, ospica, zaušnjaka, rubeole, tuberkuloze, hepatitisa B, bolesti izazvanih s
bakterijom Haemophilus influenzae tipa B i pneumokokne bolesti, a propisano je
Programom obveznog cijepljenja u Republici Hrvatskoj. Dio bolesti protiv kojih se cijepi
su same po sebi opasne i teške bolesti (difterija, tetanus, hripavac, dječja paraliza,
tuberkuloza, bolesti uzrokovane bakterijom Haemphilus influenzae tipa B, hepatitis B), dok
su druge uglavnom lakše bolesti (ospice, zaušnjaci, rubeola) no i te bolesti mogu imati vrlo
teške i po život opasne komplikacije. Imunost postignuta cijepljenjem različitim cjepivima
je različitog trajanja. Stoga se neka cjepiva daju u više odvojenih doza kroz određena
vremenska razdoblja. Ako se bolest i smatra iskorijenjenom u određenoj zemlji, važno je
održavati visoki stupanj procijepljenosti pučanstva jer uvijek postoji mogućnost unosa
uzročnika bolesti iz zemalja u kojoj je bolest endemična (stalno prisutna u nekom području).
Cijepljenjem štitimo i one koji ne mogu biti cijepljeni iz zdravstvenih razloga (npr.
Alergijske reakcije), a njihova jedina nada je da su ljudi oko njih cijepljeni i na taj način i
njih štite. Uspješna provedba Programa cijepljenja ovisi o suradnji svakog pojedinca, kako
bi osigurali što bolji uvjete za sve.Vaccination is the introduction of an antigen into the body with the purpose of producing
antibodies. It is the greatest medical success of the 20th century and has saved more live
than any other medical intervention in history. In addition to the individual protection we
recieve through vaccination, with the optimal vaccination program and its implementation
collective immunity is achieved (for diseases transmitted from human to human, if sufficient
coverage of the population by vaccination is achieved, the transmission of the disease will
be interrupted – immune individuals will protect non-immune individuals) which can lead
to eliminating the disease. Like all medicine and medical supplements, vaccines can cause
side effects. The are monitored and recorded in the Vaccine Adverse Drugs Registery.
Pursuant to the Act on the Protection of the Population from Infectious Diseases (Official
Gazette 79/07), vaccination in the Republic of croatia is obligatory against: diphtheria,
tetanus, wheezing, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, diseases caused
by Haemphilus influenzae type B and pneumococcal disesase, and are prescribed by the
Compulsory Vaccination Program in the Republic of Croatia. Some of the diseases which
we are vaccinated against are dangerous and serious illnesses themselves (diphtheria,
tetanus, wheezing, polio, tuberculosis, diseases caused by Haemphilus influenzae type B,
hepatitis B), while others are mostly minor diseases (measles, mimps, rubella), but these
diseases can also have very serious and life-threatening complications. The immunity
achieved by vaccination with different vaccines is of different duration. Therefore, some
vaccines are given in multiple separate doses over a period of time. If the disease is
considered to be eradicated in a particular country, it is important to maintain a high degree
of population outbreaks, as there is always the possibility of introducing pathogens from
countries where the disease is endemic (constantly present in an area). Vaccinations also
protect those who can not be vaccinated for healt reasons (e.g. allergic reactions), and their
only hope is that the people around them are vaccinated and thus protect them. Successful
implementation of the Vaccination Program depends on the cooperation of each individual
to ensure the best possible conditions for all