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Rash Infectious Diseases in Preschool Children
No full textU ovome završnom radu opisat će se najčešće virusne i bakterijske zarazne osipne bolesti kod djece predškolskog uzrasta. Zarazne bolesti, pa tako i zarazne osipne bolesti, vrlo su česta pojava u kolektivima, poput vrtića, škola, bolnica i sl. Stoga je važna edukacija roditelja, ali i odgojitelja u vrtiću o simptomima i tijeku zaraznih osipnih bolesti djece kako bi se poduzele potrebne preventivne mjere koje mogu uključivati izolaciju oboljelog djeteta iz kolektiva (vrtića) radi sprječavanja daljnje zaraze i širenja bolesti. Navest će se te objasniti najčešće zarazne osipne bolesti kojima su djeca predškolskog uzrasta izložena. Najčešće zarazne osipne bolesti u djece predškolske dobi koje će se navesti u radu jesu: ospice, rubeola, vodene kozice, bolest usta, šaka, stopalo, eritema infekciozum uzrokovane virusima te šarlah, erizipel i impetigo uzrokovane bakterijama. Uz navođenje zaraznih osipnih bolesti od kojih najčešće obolijevaju djeca predškolskog uzrasta, navest će se simptomi bolesti, njihova prevencija i liječenje te moguće komplikacije. Najučinkovitija preventivna mjera kod virusnih zaraznih osipnih bolesti djece je cijepljenje, dok su izolacija i higijenske mjere važne u prevenciji virusnih i bakterijskih osipnih bolesti u djece. U suzbijanju zaraznih ospinih bolesti u vrtiću vrlo važnu ulogu imaju odgojitelji i stoga je važna educiranost odgojitelja o zaraznim ospinim bolestima.In this final paper, the topic of infectious rashes in children of preschool age will be explained
and elaborated on.
Infectious diseases, including infectious rash diseases, are very common in collectives such as
kindergartens, schools, and hospitals. Therefore, it is important to educate parents and teachers
about the symptoms and course of the infectious diseases with rash to take the necessary
preventive measures, which may include isolation of sick children from the collective
(kindergarten) to prevent further infection and outbreak of the disease.
The most common infectious rash diseases in preschool children that will be listed in the paper
are measles, rubella, chickenpox, hand, foot, and mouth disease, erythema infectiosum, and
chickenpox, caused by viruses, and scarlet fever, erysipelas, and impetigo caused by bacteria.
The symptoms of infectious rash diseases which most often affect children of preschool age
will be presented together with their prevention and treatment, and possible complications.
The most effective method for the prevention of viral infectious rash diseases is vaccination,
while isolation and hygiene are important in the prevention of viral and bacterial infectious rash
infections in children.
Teachers have an important role in the prevention of infectious rash diseases in kindergartens,
and therefore they should be educated about infectious rash diseases to take necessary
preventive measures
Teachers' opinion on play in early childhood settings
No full textIgra je najvažnija aktivnost djece koju istražuju i objašnjavaju brojni stručnjaci. Svako dijete se igra zbog urođenog impulsa i unutrašnje motivacije za igrom. Kao odgojno-obrazovna aktivnost, igra je vrlo važno sredstvo za učenje u najranijoj dobi. Djeca igrom upoznaju sebe i svijet koji ih okružuje, izražavaju želju za zajedništvom, suradnjom i fizičkom aktivnošću. Igrajući se djeca prerađuju vlastita iskustva i društvene odnose čime shvaća svoju ulogu u svijetu i otkriva svoj identitet. Kroz igru izražava svoje strahove, proživljava ono što nije, a želi doživjeti i pokazuje ono što mu je istinski važno. Odgojitelji imaju značajnu ulogu u razvoju dječje igre opremanjem prostora s materijalima koji moraju pratiti dječje interese i razvojne faze, raspoređivanjem prostora, uključivanjem u dječju igru, osiguravanjem dovoljnog vremena za igru te pažljivim slušanjem i promatranjem djece u igri. Period ranog djetinjstva je razdoblje u kojem djeca aktivno uče i razvijaju vještine. Ispravnim poticanjem dječje igre, odgojitelji djeci stvaraju podlogu za nesmetano učenje. Kako bi se aktivno poticalo dječje učenje, uz slobodnu igru, odgojitelji i učitelji kao sredstvo učenja koriste i didaktičku igru. Didaktička igra rezultira učenjem, a prati ju zadovoljstvo i ugoda. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitati mišljenja odgojitelja djece rane i predškolske dobi o igri u ustanovama ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja te utvrditi razlike u stavovima odgojitelja. Razlike su se procjenjivale u odnosu na inicijalno obrazovanje, mjesto rada, sudjelovanje na usavršavanjima te procjeni vlastitih kompetencija za podupiranje igre. Pretpostavljeno je da odgojitelji procjenjuju vlastite kompetencije s visokom ocjenom te da postoji razlika u procjeni igre s obzirom na prethodno nabrojane karakteristike. Uzorak su sačinjavali odgojitelji djece rane i predškolske dobi na području Republike Hrvatske (N=200), pri čemu su ispitanici većinski više stručne spreme (70,5%, f=141), zatim slijedi visoka stručna sprema (28%, f=56) te na posljetku srednja stručna sprema (1,5%, f=3). Najviše ispitanika radi na području malog grada (do 50 000 stanovnika, 28,5%, f=57) i velegrada (više od 500 000 stanovnika, 25,5%, f=51), 19% ispitanika (f=38) radi u ruralnoj sredini, 18% (f=36) u srednje velikom gradu (od 50 000 do 100 000 stanovnika) te 9% (f=18) u velikom gradu (od 100 000 do 500 000 stanovnika). Utvrđeno je da postoje statistički značajne razlike u barem jednoj tvrdnji za sve pretpostavljene hipoteze. Odgojitelji se slažu s time da igra pridonosi dobrobiti djeteta (M=6,95, SD=0,26) te da organiziranje poticajne okoline pozitivno utječe na razvoj djetetove igre (M=6,91, SD=0,37), a ne slažu s tvrdnjom da dijete mora biti svjesno da mora učiti kroz didaktičku igru (M=3,16, SD=1,87) te s tvrdnjom da se tijekom didaktičke igre djecu treba ispravljati (M=3,45, SD=1,86).Play is the most important activity for children, which is researched and explained by numerous experts. Every child plays because of an innate impulse and inner motivation to play. As an educational activity, play is very important mean of learning at an early age. Through play, children get to know themselves and the world around them and express their desire for community, cooperation, and physical activity. While playing, children process their own experiences and social relationships, thus understanding their role in the world and discovering their identity. Through play, they express their fears and show what is truly important to them. Educators have a significant role in the development of children's play by equipping the space with materials that must follow the children's interests and developmental stages, arranging the space, involving them in the children's play, ensuring sufficient time for play, and carefully listening and observing the children at play. Early childhood is a period in which children actively learn and develop skills. By properly encouraging children's play, educators create a foundation for children to learn without hindrance. To actively encourage children's learning, in addition to free play, educators and teachers also use didactic games as a means of learning. A didactic game results in learning, and it is accompanied by pleasure and enjoyment. The aim of this research was to examine the opinions of educators of early and preschool education about play in institutions of early and preschool education and to determine the differences in educators' attitudes. Differences were assessed to initial education, place of work, participation in training, and assessment of one's competencies to support the game. It was assumed that the educators evaluate their competencies with a high rating and that there is a difference in the assessment of the game concerning the previously listed characteristics. The sample consisted of educators of early and preschool children in the territory of the Republic of Croatia (N=200), with the majority of respondents having bachelor degree education (70.5%, f=141), followed by master degree education (28%, f=56) and finally highschool education (1.5%, f=3). Most respondents work in small towns (up to 50,000 inhabitants, 28.5%, f=57) and big cities (more than 500,000 inhabitants, 25.5%, f=51), 19% of respondents (f=38) work in a rural area, 18% (f=36) in a medium-sized city (from 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants) and 9% (f=18) in a large city (from 100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants). It was found that there are statistically significant differences in at least one statement for all hypothesized hypotheses. Educators agree that play contributes to the child's well-being (M=6.95, SD=0.26) and that organizing a stimulating environment has a positive effect on the development of the child's play (M=6.91, SD=0.37), and do not agree with the statement that the child must be aware that he has to learn through a didactic game (M=3.16, SD=1.87) and with the statement that children should be corrected during the didactic game (M=3.45, SD=1.86 )
Autism
No full textPojam autizam potječe iz grčkog jezika i znači „biti jako usmjeren na sebe“. To je socijalno-relacijski poremećaj koji je prvi opisao Leo Kanner 1943. godine. Otkriva se u ranom djetinjstvu između 18 mjeseci i 3 godine starosti. To je cjeloživotno stanje pri kojem pojedinac ima smetnje u razumijevanju što osjeća, čuje ili vidi te mu to stvara smetnje u ponašanju, komunikaciji i društvenim odnosima. Nemaju u sebi osjećaj za prostor te se često čine nespretnima, a imaju i loš mišićni tonus što utječe na njihove čudne pokrete tijekom kretanja. Udaljeni su od vlastitih osjetila i mogu koristiti samo jedno osjetilo odjednom. Prema podacima iz 2021. godine, učestalost autizma je 1:88, a smatra se da u Europi preko 5 milijuna osoba ima pervazivne razvojne poremećaje, tj. poremećaje iz spektra autizma. Prevalencija je veća kod dječaka u odnosu na djevojčice (5:1). Uzrok poremećaja iz spektra autizma nije poznat i to je stanje s kojim se pojedinac rađa. Važno je razlikovati da to nije bolest nego poremećaj. Uz ranu intervenciju, pravilnu dijagnostiku stručnog tima i rehabilitaciju, kvaliteta života osoba s poremećajem iz spektra autizma može daleko napredovati. Dan podizanja svjesnosti o autizmu obilježava se 2. travnja.Term autism comes from Greek language and it means „to be self-centered“. It's a social-relation disorder first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. Disorder is revealed betwwen 18 month and 3 years old. It is a lifelong condition in which individual has problems in understanding what he feels, hears or sees and that makes disturbances in his behavior, communication and social relations. They don't have a sense for space so they often seem clumsy, their muscule tone is bad which affects on their strange moves. Distaned from their own senses can use one sense at a time. According the data from 2021, incidende od autism is 1:88, and it is considered that in Europe more than 5 million people have pervasive developmental disorders, viz autism spectum disorder. Prevalence is higher in the male population than female (5:1). Cause of disorder for autism spectrum is not known and that is condition with which is individual born with. It is important to distinguish that autism is not a disease but a disorder. With an early intervention, correct diagnostic of a professional team and rehabilitation quality of life can make a great progress. Autism Awarness day is celebrated on April 2
Humor in Roald Dahl´s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
No full textThis thesis analyses humour in the children’s novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964) by Roald Dahl. The thesis is divided into four main parts: a biography of Roald Dahl, an overview of the main theories of humour and their influence in the novel, a synopsis of the novel and a detailed analysis of humour in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
The first part of the thesis presents a brief overview of Roald Dahl’s life and work. The most important events that influenced him as an author and his most significant work for children will also be presented.
The second part explains the three main theories of humour (The Superiority Theory, The Incongruity Theory, and The Relief Theory) and examples from the novel which confirm the theories.
The third part is a brief synopsis of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
Finally, the fourth part analyses humour in Charlie and Chocolate Factory will be analysed. Some of the literary elements that contribute to humour in the novel are: verbal humour, satire, nonsense, irony, grotesque, and the illustrations. Such elements will be analysed and their reading supported by examples from the novel.U ovome će se radu analizirati humor u dječjem romanu Charlie i tvornica čokolade (1964) Roalda Dahla. Rad je podijeljen u četiri glavna dijela: biolgrafija Roalda Dahla, pregled glavnih teorija humora, kratki sadržaj djela te detaljna analiza humora u romanu.
Prvi dio rada prikazuje kratak pregled života i rada Roalda Dahla. Glavni događaji koji su utjecali na njega kao autora bit će također prikazani.
Drugi dio rada objašnjava tri glavne teorije humora (teorija nadmoći, teorija nesklada i teorija olakšanja). Taj dio uključuje primjere iz romana kojima se potkrjepljuju teorije.
Treći dio rada sadrži kratak sadržaj djela.
U četvrtom dijelu rada, analizira se humor u romanu Charlie i tvornica čokolade. Neki od elemenata koji pridonose humoru u romanu su: verbalni humor, satira, nonsens, ironija, groteska i ilustracije. Ti će elementi biti analizirani i njihova će se čitanja potkrijepiti primjerima iz romana
Small dictionary of Jaska
No full textJastrebarsko je grad u središnjoj Hrvatskoj, koji se smjestio na pola puta između Zagreba i Karlovca. Jastrebarsko ili popularno, Jaska, jedan je od rijetkih gradova koji ima svoj nadimak. Status grada dobio 1995. godine. Dotadašnja općina podijeljena je na grad Jastrebarsko i na još četiri općine: Klinča Sela, Pisarovina, Krašić i Žumberak. Jastrebarsko je tako ostalo na teritorijalnom području središnjeg i prigorskog dijela bivše općine, te danas broji 59 naselja. Prema podacima zadnjeg popisa stanovništva oko 14 500 stanovnika ima područje Jastrebarskog, dok u samom gradu živi malo više od 5000 stanovnika. (Popis stanovništva, 2021.) Povoljan zemljopisni smještaj i povezanost Jastrebarsko je učinilo snažnim gospodarskim, trgovačkim i turističkim središtem. Najpoznatije turističko obilježje jest „Plešivička vinska cesta“. Značajna za promociju ne samo kvalitetnih vina i vinara, već i cijelog plešivičkog kraja . U samom središtu grada, u srcu perivoja, smjestio se dvorac obitelji Erdödy, jedne od najmoćnijih velikaških obitelji u Hrvatskoj. U Jastrebarskom su od 1560. godine. Obitelj Erdödy u Jastrebarsko dovodi i franjevce te im grade samostan i crkvu Blažene Djevice Marije, u znak pobjede nad Turcima u bitci kod Siska. U Crnoj Mlaki je dvorac Zwilling, a u Slavetiću se smjestio dvorac Oršić i župna crkva svetog Antuna Pustinjaka.
Na području grada djeluju mnoga društva sportska, dobrovoljno vatrogasna, puhačka i kulturno umjetnička. Zbog velikog broja naselja, velik je i broj kulturno umjetničkih društava koja djeluju na području Grada, čuvajući kulturnu baštinu, običaje i narječje. Grad Jastrebarsko poznat je i po tome što ima najveći broj dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih društava i puhačkih društava koji djeluju pod okriljem istih.
Bogat kulturom i prošlošću grad Jastrebarsko i okolica imaju svakako jedinstven i zanimljiv govor koji valja očuvati i njegovati. Govorenjem pružamo djeci mogućnost razumijevanja kajkavskog plješivičkoprigorskog dijalekta, uz standardni jezik koji svakodnevno koriste. Na taj način dajemo im mogućnost da postanu na neki način „dvojezični“. To u današnje vrijeme najbolje kroz svoje radove čini poznati jaskanski dramski pisac Nino Škrabe. Djeci se približuje kroz obrade najvećih bajki i klasika dječje književnosti i ujedno u njih unosi ogromnu količinu humora i kajkavštine.
U svom radu govorit ću o govornim različitostima među naseljima i o tome po čemu je jaskanski govor prepoznatljiv i jedinstven. Velik dio jastrebarskog kraja govori kajkavskim narječjem i služi se ekavicom. Ivšić i Lončarić smještaju ga u konzervativnu skupinu dijalekata kajkavskog narječja; plješivičkoprigorski poddijalekt. Prikupila sam riječi te ih smjestila u rečenicu kako bi bolje dočarala leksem u sintagmi.
Kao aktivni građanin Jastrebarskog sastavljanje ovog malog rječnika moj je osobni doprinos zajednici u kojoj sam rođena i u kojoj živim i djelujem već 32 godine.Jastrebarsko is a city that has been located between Zagreb and Karlovac. Jastrebarsko, or as we call it Jaska, is one of the rare cities that has its own nickname. Officialy it became town in 1995. Before that, the municipality was divided into the town of Jastrebarsko and four more municipalities: Klinča Sela, Pisarovina, Krašić and Žumberak. Jastrebarsko stayed located in the territorial area of the central and upland part of the former municipality. Nowadays it has 59 settlements. According to the data of the last population census, the area of Jastrebarsko has about 14500 inhabitants, while the town itself has a little more than 5000 (Population census, 2021.). Advantageous geographical location and road connection have made Jastrebarsko a strong economic, commercial and tourist center. The most famous tourist attraction is “Plesivica wine road”, which is significant for promotion not only of quality wines and winemakers, but also of the entire Plesivica region. In the center of the city, in the heart of the cities park, there is the castle of the Erdody family, one of the most powerful noble families in Croatia. They have been in Jastrebarsko since 1560. The Erdody family brought the Franciscans to Jastrebarsko. They built a monastery and the a church of the Blessed Virgin Mary for them, as a sign of the victory over the Turks in the battle of Sisak. Zwilling castle is located in Crna Mlaka. In Slavetic there is the Orsic castle and the parish church of St. Antun Pustinjak.
There are many sports clubs, voluntary firefighting and cultural societies in the city. Due to the large number of the settlements, there are also many cultural and artistic societies operating in the area of the city, treasuring the cultural heritage, customs and dialect. The town of Jastrebarsko is also known for having the largest number of volunteer firefighting and brass societies. Wealthy in culture and its past, Jastrebarsko and its surroundings have a unique dialect which should be preserved and nurtured. In addition to the standard language they use every day, by speaking kajkavian pljesivickoprigorski dialect we give our children the opportunity to understand our dialect and to become “bilingual” in a way. Nowadays, the famous playwright from Jastrebarsko, Nino Skrabe, does this best throuhg his written works. He approaches children through adaptations of the greatest fairy tales and classics of children’s literature. At the same time he brings a huge amount of humor and kajkavian dialect into them.
In this paper, I will write about the linguistic differences between the settlements in Jastrebarsko and what makes the Jastrebarsko speech recognizable and unique. A large part of the Jastrebarsko region speaks the kajkavian dialect and uses “ekavica”. Ivsic and Loncaric place it in the conservative group of kajkavian dialect; pljesicivkoprigorski subdialect. I collected the words and placed them in a sentence to better convey the lexeme in the syntagm.
As an active citizen of Jastrebarsko, compiling this small dictionary is my personal contribution to the community where I was born and i have been living and working for 32 years
Encouraging children´s physical exercise
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je objasniti važnost tjelesne aktivnosti kod djece predškolske dobi i njene učinke na samo zdravlje djeteta te na koji način potaknuti djecu na tjelesnu aktivnost. Tjelesna aktivnost je svaki pokret koji se napravi, a kao rezultat je veći utrošak energije od same razine mirovanja. Tjelesna aktivnost ima vrlo pozitivan učinak na djetetov organizam te se kod djece javljaju pozitivni učinci u psihičkom i fizičkom smislu. Ona djeca koja se bave nekom tjelesnom aktivnošću puno lakše mogu kontrolirati i regulirati svoju tjelesnu težinu te samim time i svesti mogućnost pojave raznih bolesti na minimum, u odnosu na djecu koja se ne kreću, pretila su i vode sjedilački način života. Djeca koja se bave nekim sportom ili tjelesnom aktivnošću puno su vedrija, sretnija, pozitivnija i što je vrlo bitno psihički su vrlo stabilna. Stoga, vrlo važnu ulogu u poticanju tjelesne aktivnosti u predškolskoj dobi imaju odgojitelji koji na razne načine i pomoću raznih materijala i rekvizita potiču djecu na bavljenje tjelesnom aktivnošću. To se može provoditi u vidu poticajnog tjelesnog vježbanja, šetnji, izleta, organizacije natjecanja, organizacijom sportskih grupa i slično. Odgojitelji su dužni djeci osigurati adekvatne uvjete za provođenje tjelesne aktivnost i što više im na zanimljiv način približiti i ukazati na važnost tjelesne aktivnosti. Naravno, veliku ulogu u tome svemu imaju roditelji od kojih djeca preuzimaju obrazac ponašanja te ga takvog i sami primijenjuju. Stoga je važno da roditelji prakticiraju neku vrstu tjelesne aktivnosti, vježbanja, da uključe djecu u isto, te im budu pravi primjer i podrška u nekom sportskom program.The goal of this final paper is to explain the importance of physical activity among children at preschool age and its effects on child's health itself and in which way to encourage children to take part in physical activities. Physical activity is every movement that is done and as a result there is bigger energy consumption than in the state of being still. Physical activity has a very positive effect on child's organism; therefore, there are positive outcomes in psychological and physical sense. Those children who are physically active can easily control and regulate their weight and considering that, they reduce the appearance of many diseases to minimum, opposed to children who are not active, are overweight and lead a sedentary type of lifestyle. Children that take part in a sport are a lot more cheerful, happier and more positive and, most importantly, they are a lot more mentally stable. Therefore, a very important role in encouraging physical activity in preschool age is played by educators who, in various ways and with the help of various materials and props, encourage children to engage in physical activity. This can be carried out in the form of stimulating physical exercise, walks, excursions, organization of competitions, organization of sports groups etc. Educators are obliged to provide children with adequate conditions for carrying out physical activity and, in an interesting way, to bring them closer to and point out the importance of physical activity. Of course, parents play a big role in all of this, from whom children adopt a pattern of behavior and apply it themselves. Therefore, it is important for parents to practice some kind of physical activity and exercise and to include their children in the same in order to be the right example and support for them in a sports program
Oral health of preschool children
No full textOralno zdravlje sastavni je dio općeg zdravlja i bitno utječe na kvalitetu života pojedinca. Brigu o oralnom zdravlju pojedinca treba započeti već tijekom intrauterinog razdoblja kada započinje razvoj denticije te se nastavlja tijekom cijeloga života. Razvoj denticije kod djece započinje u 4.tjednu intrauterinog života i traje do 20.godine. U tom periodu zubi se razvijaju iz zubnih zametaka procesom odontogeneze, niču u usnu šupljinu, utječu na razvoj cijele čeljusti, ispadaju te nastaje izmjena s trajnim nasljednicima. Nedostatnim održavanjem oralne higijene te nepravilnom prehranom mijenjaju se uvjeti u usnoj šupljini. Mikroflora postaje opasna za tvrda zubna tkiva, a obrambeni kapaciteti sline se smanjuju. Rezultat toga je demineralizacije, odnosno otapanja cakline i nastanka karijesa. Karijes kod djece mlađe od 6 godina naziva se rani dječji karijes i predstavlja javnozdravstveni problem koji dovodi do preranog gubitka mliječnih zuba. Posljedice preranog gubitka mliječnih zuba su potencijalne ortodontske anomalija u trajnoj denticiji. Osim toga dolazi i do disfunkcija u fonaciji i žvakanju, a nerijetko i do psiholoških tegoba zbog narušene estetike. Osim zbog karijesa, prerani gubitak zuba događa se i uslijed traumi koje su vrlo česta pojava kod djece predškolske dobi. Važno ih je na vrijeme sanirati jer se one smatraju hitnim stanjem u dentalnoj medicini. Razdoblje ranog djetinjstva i odrastanje karakterizira ovisnost djeteta o odraslim osobama i ono se tek uči brinuti o sebi. Navike, stavove i vrijednosti oblikuje djetetovo okruženje u kojemu odrasta. Svrha i cilj rada je predstavljanje svih aspekata preventivnog djelovanja u očuvanju oralnog zdravlja djeteta od obiteljskog doma, stomatologa te odgojno obrazovnih institucija u kojima dijete provodi sve više vremena. Dakle sve je veća odgovornost na ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje u promicanju zdravlja pa tako i oralnog zdravlja. Ovim radom prikazane su aktivnosti i mogući načini rada s djecom predškolskog uzrasta na temu oralnog zdravlja.Dental health is a fundamental part of general health and affects, considerably, the quality of each individual’s life. Dental healthcare ought to start during the period of women's pregnancy, during the development of dentition of a child and continues throughout our life. In children, dentition begins during the 4th week of intrauterine life and develops up until 20 years old. It is in this period that the teeth develop from tooth germs by the process called, odontogenesis. The teeth grow, affect the development of the entire jaw, fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth. However, lack of dental hygiene and irregular diet may lead to change of form within the oral cavity. Firstly, microfibre becomes a hazard for the hard tooth tissue whereas the defence capacity of saliva reduces. As a result, the process of demineralisation begins with enamel dissolvement and tooth decay. Tooth Caries, in children younger than 6 years-old, named, early childhood caries represents a public health issue, which leads to early loss of baby teeth. Furthermore, the aftereffects of early baby teeth loss are potential orthodontic anomalies in permanent dentition. In addition to permanent dentition damage, lack of dental hygiene leads to dysfunctional phonation and mastication, while also creating psychological health issues due to damaged aesthetics. However, caries is not the only health problem which leads to teeth loss, this is also a frequent case due to traumas in children of pre-school age. It is crucial to treat these health problems on time, as they are considered an emergency in dental medicine. Early childhood and growth are characterised by dependence of a child on adults and a child’s knowledge on how to take care of themselves. Here the child is learning to take care of him or herself, so the habits, point of views and values are shaped by the child’s environment. The purpose of this research is demonstration of all solutions, which can prevent dental health issues in children, starting from family, dental medicine and educational institutions in which the child spends most of his or her time. Therefore, the responsibility lies within the institutions for early and pre-school education in teaching dental hygiene. This research demonstrates activities and practices with children of pre-scool age about dental health
Creating Digital Content Using Drawing Software
No full textU početku ovoga rada nalazi se analiza prisutnosti softvera za oblikovanje sadržaja u
Kurikulumu za nastavni predmet Informatike za osnovne škole i gimnazije u Republici
Hrvatskoj kao i u udžbenicima nastavnog predmeta Informatika dvije nakladničke kuće,
Školske knjige i kuće ALFA. Navedeni su primjeri aktivnosti korištenja slobodnog softvera
otvorenog izvornog koda za vizualno oblikovanje sadržaja koje se mogu primijeniti u nižim
razredima osnovne škole. Zatim su opisane vrste grafike tj. rasterska i vektorska te formati
grafičkih oblika koje možemo koristiti u računalnim programima za oblikovanje sadržaja.
Prikazana je povijesti slobodnog i komercijalnog softvera, a zatim pregled programa GIMP,
Inkscape, Adobe Photoshop i Adobe Illustrator i njihovih mogućnosti danas. Navedene su
prednosti i nedostaci korištenja slobodnog softvera otvorenog izvornog koda koji je široko
dostupan svima i komercijalnog tipa koji je još uvijek popularniji od slobodnog softvera
otvorenog izvornog koda. U ovome diplomskom radu napravljen je pregled mogućnosti i način
rada dva računalna programa: GIMP-a i Inkscape-a. Napravljen je pregled korisničkih sučelja,
mogućnosti rada sa tekstom, rad sa slojevima te dostupnih alata za crtanje, bojanje i alata za
stvaranje različitih oblika. Nakon što su prikazani načini rada navedenih programa napravljena
je usporedba u mogućnostima programa za stvaranje rasterske i vektorske grafike. Opisane su
prednosti, nedostatci i razlike između programa te koje bi se još promjene mogle uvesti kako
bi programi bili još bolji. U ovome radu korišten je softver za stvaranje vektorske grafike,
softver Inkscape, za izradu logotipa Učiteljskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Za izradu
logotipa korišteni su slojevi, alati za stvaranje pravokutnika i alati za bojanje, čije je korištenje
detaljno opisano.The paper begins with an analysis of the presence of drawing software in the
Curriculum for Informatics for primary schools and gymnasiums in the Republic of Croatia
and in Informatics textbooks of two publishers, Školska knjiga and ALFA. Examples of using
free and open-source software for creating visual content design that can be applied in the lower
grades of primary school are included in the paper. The types of graphics, raster and vector, as
well as the graphic formats that can be used are then described. A history of free and opensource and commercial software is presented, followed by an overview of GIMP, Inkscape,
Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator programs and their capabilities today. The advantages
and disadvantages of using free and open-source software and commercial software are listed.
In this thesis, there is an overview of the potential of two programs: GIMP and Inkscape. An
overview of the user interfaces, possibilities of working with text, working with layers, drawing
tools, colouring and tools for creating different shapes. After the operation modes of these
programs are presented, a comparison is made in the capabilities of software solutions for
creating raster and vector graphics. The advantages, disadvantages and differences between the
programs that could be further changed to make the programs even better. In this paper, the
software for creating vector graphics, Inkscape software, was used to create the logo of the
Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb. Layers, rectangle tools and colouring tools
were used to create the logo, the use of which is described in detail
Activities To Encourage Speech In Preschool Children
No full textDjecu je potrebno poticati kako bi došlo do pravilnog razvoja njihovog govora. Stoga
je govor najbolje poticati igrom i drugim djeci zabavnim i zanimljivim načinima jer se kroz
igru najjednostavnije dolazi do novih znanja, vještina i sposobnosti. U teorijskom dijelu rada
navedeni su preduvjeti za uredan govorno-jezični razvoj djeteta. Govor možemo poticati i
raznim igrama koje će utjecati na njegov vokabular, gramatiku te fonološki razvoj. U radu će
biti opisan razvoj govora djece, odnosno kako se djetetov govor razvija od rođenja pa sve do
sedme godine života, spomenut ćemo i neke od govornih poremećaja koji se mogu razviti kod
djece predškolske dobi, te kako kroz razne aktivnosti kod djece potaknuti razvoj govora. Na
kraju je prikazan primjer dobre prakse koje je autorica rada provela u Dječji vrtić „Vrapčić“
Gola. Prilikom provedbe istraživanja i proučavajući literaturu za rad, dolazi se do zaključka
da djeca puno lakše uče i razvijaju svoj govor te ostale sposobnosti kroz igru i zabavu, te kroz
brojne zabavne načine koji su spomenuti u ovom radu. Dijete može puno napredovati ako mu
se pruži dovoljno vremena i pažnje te da se radi dovoljno s njim, jer uz trud i rad, dijete će
postati pravi govornikChildren need to be encouraged in order for their speech to develop properly. Therefore, it is
best to encourage speech through play and other children's fun and interesting ways, because
it is the easiest way to gain new knowledge, skills and abilities through play. The theoretical
part of the paper lists the prerequisites for orderly speech and language development of the
child. We can also encourage speech with various games that will affect its vocabulary,
grammar, and phonological development. The paper will describe the development of
children's speech, ie how a child's speech develops from birth to the age of seven, we will
mention some of the speech disorders that can develop in preschool children, and how to
encourage speech development through various activities in children. At the end, an example
of good practice presented by the author of the work in the kindergarten Vrapčić, Gola. When
conducting research and studying the literature for work, it is concluded that children learn
and develop their speech and other abilities much easier through play and fun,and through the
many fun ways mentioned in this paper. A child can progress a lot if he is given enough time
and attention and enough work is done whit him, because with effort and work,the child will
become a real speaker
The Relations Between Motor Fitness And Emotional Intelligence Of Children Aged Five Years
No full textNASLOV RADA: Relacije motoričkog fitnesa i emocionalne inteligencije djece u dobi od pet
godina
U djetinjstvu vrlo je izraženo praćenje emocionalnog i motoričkog razvoja djece već od strane
roditelja, a još više od stručnog tima u ustanovi ranog i predškolskog odgoja. Svrha ovog
istraživanja bila je utvrditi potencijalni utjecaj motoričkih komponenti na emocionalnu
inteligenciju djece predškolske dobi. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 59 djece u dobi od 49 do 78
mjeseci, odnosno između 4,1 i 6,8 godina. Za ispitivanje fitnesa, tj opće tjelesne spremnosti
korišten je test President's Challenge battery, a provedena su i antropometrijska mjerenja.
Podatci o emocionalnoj inteligenciji dobiveni su pomoću adaptirane verzije upitnika za
emocionalnu inteligenciju (Rating Scale from Children’s Emotional Intelligence (4-8 Years
Old, Kajbafnezhad, 2016).
Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati potencijalnu povezanost opće tjelesne spremnosti i
emocionalnu inteligenciju djece u dobi od pet godina. Sudeći prema rezultatima, pozitivna
povezanost je pronađena između sume emocionalne inteligencije i podizanja trupa, kao i
povezanost između podizanja trupa i opažanja i iskazivanja emocija. To bi moglo ukazivati
kao u ranije spomenutim istraživanjima da djeca koja su motorički spretnija, imaju veću
emocionalnu inteligenciju, odnosno da su emocionalno zreliji. Negativna povezanost je
utvrđena između izmjeničnog trčanja i emocionalnog upravljanja i procjena. Ova negativna
povezanost mogla bi ukazivati kako izmjenično trčanje nije jedna od komponenti koja je
povezana sa dječjim emocionalnim upravljanjem i procjenom. Kod motoričkih testova najjača
negativna povezanost pronađena je između testova gibljivost i izmjenično trčanje.TITLE: Relationship between motor fitness and emotional intelligence among children at the
age of five
SUMMARY: In childhood, monitoring of children's emotional and motor development is
indicated by parents, but even more by the professional team in the institutions of early and
preschool education. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential impact of motor
components on the emotional intelligence of preschool children. The study involved 59
children, aged 49 to 78 months or between 4.1 and 6.8 years. The President's Challenge
battery test was used to test fitness, particularly, general physical fitness. Also,
anthropometric measurements were performed. Emotional intelligence data were obtained by
using the adapted version of the emotional intelligence questionnaire (Rating Scale from
Children’s Emotional Intelligence (4-8 Years Old, Kajbafnezhad, 2016). Children who are
more motor-efficient have achieved better results in all components, thus it can be concluded
that motor-skilled children have a positive impact on the general physical fitness of preschool
children. The main objective of the study was to examine the potential correlation between
general physical fitness and emotional intelligence of children at the age of five. According to
the results, a positive correlation was found between the sum of emotional intelligence and
torso lifting, as well as a correlation between torso lifting and the perception and expression
of emotions. This could indicate, as in the previously mentioned research, that children who
are more motor-skilled have a higher emotional intelligence, which means that they are more
emotionally mature. A negative correlation was found between alternating running and
emotional management and assessments. This negative correlation could indicate that
alternating running is not one of the components associated with children’s emotional
management and assessment. In motor tests, the strongest negative correlation was found
between mobility and alternating running tests