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Kinesiological activity in the prevention of obesity in children
No full textU ovom završnom radu će se govoriti o pretilosti, uzrocima, posljedicama te o vrstama kinezioloških aktivnosti kao i o važnosti i učinku bilo kakvog oblika aktivnosti na zdravlje i kvalitetu života kod djece. Debljina je posljednjih godina sve češći problem djece predškolske dobi i mladih što može imati ozbiljne posljedice za njihovo zdravlje. Osim što neprestano raste postotak pretilosti, neprestano se smanjuje i postotak tjelesne aktivnosti posebice kod mladih.
Tjelesna neaktivnost i prekomjerna tjelesna težina rasprostranjene su širom svijeta i uzrokuju velike zdravstvene probleme. Upravo je rano djetinjstvo vrijeme za usvajanje zdravih životnih navika. Potičući djecu na usvajanje zdravih životnih i prehrambenih navika te bavljenju i uživanju u sportskim aktivnostima, može im se pomoći da izbjegnu buduće zdravstvene probleme. Redovita igra i tjelesna aktivnost ključan su dio rasta i razvoja djece. Biti aktivan u aktivnostima poput plesa, trčanja, biciklizma, skakanja, penjanja ili igranja bilo koje igre može uvelike doprinijeti izgradnji njihove muskulature i poboljšanju motoričkih sposobnosti, usvajanju novih znanja i vještina, kognitivnog, emocionalnog, socijalnog i tjelesnog rasta i razvoja.
Tjelesna aktivnost uz pravilnu prehranu jest najvažniji faktor u prevenciji pretilosti djece.
Cilj i svrha ovog rada jest razjasniti pojam pretilosti i fokusirati se na vrste kinezioloških aktivnosti te ukazati njihovu važnost. Osim što kineziološka aktivnost potiče fizički rast i razvoj djece, zdravo, spretno i okretno dijete lakše će obavljati svoje radne zadatke i nositi se sa svim teškoćama u životu. Stoga je potrebno ostaviti vremena za bavljenje kineziološkom aktivnošću, samo zato da bi se smanjile negativnosti uslijed nebavljenjem istima (Findak, 2001.).This final paper will discuss obesity, its causes, consequences, and types of kinesiology activities, as well as the importance of any form of activity on children's health and quality of life. In recent years, obesity has become an increasingly common problem for preschool children and young people, which can have serious consequences for their health. In addition to the constantly increasing percentage of obesity, the percentage of physical activity is constantly decreasing, especially among young people. Physical inactivity and overweight are widespread worldwide and cause major health problems. Early childhood is the time to adopt healthy lifestyle habits. By encouraging children to adopt healthy lifestyle and eating habits and engage in and enjoy sports activities, they can be helped to avoid future health problems. Regular play and physical activity are a key part of children's growth and development. Being active in activities such as dancing, running, cycling, jumping, climbing or playing any game can greatly contribute to building their musculature and improving motor skills, acquiring new knowledge and skills, cognitive, emotional, social and physical growth and development. Physical activity along with proper nutrition is the most important factor in the prevention of obesity in children.
The aim and purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of obesity and to focus on the types of kinesiological activities and to point out their importance. In addition to the fact that kinesiology activity promotes the physical growth and development of children, a healthy, dexterous and agile child will be able to perform their work tasks more easily and deal with all the difficulties in life. Therefore, it is necessary to leave time for engaging in kinesiology activity, just to reduce the negativity due to not engaging in it
The comparison of early school age children's growth before and after the impact of the digital media
No full textDigitalni mediji su danas važan dio svakodnevice velikog broja ljudi. Svojim razvojem mijenjaju društvo iz dana u dan, ali mnogi su njihovi utjecaji nejasni budući da se često izdvajaju međusobno nasuprotni rezultati istraživanja. Budući da mijenjaju društvo, digitalne mreže mijenjaju i način odrastanja djece, njihovu okolinu i svakodnevni život iz korijena te je razdoblje djetinjstva u današnje vrijeme potpuno drugačije od djetinjstva prije razvoja digitalnih medija. U susretu s novim tehnologijama, društvo reagira vrlo entuzijastično i u tehnološkom napretku vidi priliku za vlastiti napredak, no važno je preispitati i negativne posljedice uvođenja inovativnih tehnologija u društvo. Trend digitalizacije društva postao je intenzivan kroz parole pojednostavljenja raznih poslova i zadataka uz pomoć digitalnih tehnologija, no čovjek se tim procesom postupno i kontinuirano zakida za procese učenja. Djeca rane školske dobi nalaze se u kritičnom periodu razvoja te im je potrebno i dragocjeno svako iskustvo iz kojega uče. Upitno je koliki doprinos digitalni mediji zapravo donose s obzirom na brojne negativne fizičke utjecaje kojih postaje svjesno sve veći broj konzumenata.
Cilj ovog rada je precizirati i utvrditi konkretne posljedice uporabe digitalnih medija među djecom rane školske dobi.Digital media are an important part in everyday life. Their development causes shifts in society, but many of the digital media usage consequences are left unclear considering the fact that there are a lot of opposite experiment results. Since digital media changes the society, they are changing the way the children are growing up nowadays, their surrounding and their whole life in every aspect, so the childhood has become much more different than it was before the development of digital media. When facing the new technological innovations, the society is usually enthusiastic and, generally, it sees an opportunity for its own development, but it’s very important to test negative consequences of the usage of technological innovations in the society itself. The trend of digitalization of society has become intense and it’s argumented by easing up the jobs and tasks people are meant to do, but that way, a person might deprive itself of the learning processes. Children of the early school age are at the critical period of their development and every experience which causes learning is needed and valuable. It is questionable how much the digital media helps in any way considering numerous negative impacts the digital media causes.
The aim of this paper is to precise and to determine the exact consequences of the digital media usage in the population of children in the early school age
The relation between hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder with aggressive behavior in preschool age children
No full textU ovom radu istražuje se povezanost između poremećaja hiperaktivnosti i deficita pažnje (ADHD) i agresivnog ponašanja kod djece predškolske dobi. ADHD je neurobiološki poremećaj koji se često dijagnosticira u djetinjstvu i karakteriziraju ga hiperaktivnost, impulzivnost i poteškoće s koncentracijom. Agresivno ponašanje, s druge strane, obuhvaća verbalne ili fizičke postupke kojima se namjerno nanosi šteta drugima. Pregledom relevantne literature, istražuje se kako simptomi ADHD-a mogu utjecati na agresivno ponašanje kod predškolske djece. Ovaj rad uključuje analizu neurobioloških čimbenika, učinka socijalnih interakcija i okoline na tu povezanost. Rezultati sugeriraju da djeca s ADHD-om imaju povećanu sklonost agresivnom ponašanju u usporedbi s njihovim vršnjacima. Neurobiološki čimbenici, uključujući disfunkciju određenih dijelova mozga, mogu igrati ključnu ulogu u ovom fenomenu. Također, poteškoće u regulaciji emocija i impulzivnosti kod djece s ADHD-om mogu doprinijeti agresivnom ponašanju. Socijalni čimbenici, kao što su problemi u uspostavljanju prijateljskih veza i komunikacijske poteškoće, također igraju značajnu ulogu. Djeca s ADHD-om često se suočavaju s većim izazovima u socijalnom okruženju, što može dovesti do frustracije i agresivnih reakcija. Čimbenici okoline, poput obiteljskih dinamika i izloženosti nasilju, mogu dodatno pogoršati agresivno ponašanje kod djece s ADHD-om. Odgojitelji igraju ključnu ulogu u razvoju djece s ADHD-om jer su sposobni prilagoditi svoj pedagoški pristup individualnim potrebama svakog djeteta. Također, odgojitelji trebaju surađivati s roditeljima i stručnjacima kako bi razvili individualizirani plan podrške za upravljanje simptomima ADHD-a i poticanje emocionalnog razvoja djece. Zaključuje se da postoji značajna povezanost između ADHD-a i agresivnog ponašanja kod djece predškolske dobi, uz istraživanje neurobioloških, socijalnih i okolišnih čimbenika koji doprinose toj vezi. Razumijevanje te povezanosti ima važne implikacije za dijagnozu i intervenciju kako bi se pomoglo djeci s ADHD-om i smanjilo njihovo agresivno ponašanje.This work aims at exploring the link between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and aggressive behaviour in preschool age children. ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that is often diagnosed during childhood and is characterised by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention deficit. Conversely, aggressive behaviour encompasses verbal or physical actions with the sole purpose of hurting others. The research on how ADHD symptoms influence aggressive behaviour in preschool age children is done by means of study of relevant literature. This work includes an analysis of how neurobiological factors, social interactions and environments contribute to this link. Results suggest that children with ADHD are more prone to aggressive behaviour compared to their non-ADHD peers. Neurobiological factors, such as the dysfunctionality of certain parts of the brain, seem to play a significant role in this phenomenon. Furthermore, difficulties in regulating emotions and impulsivity in ADHD-children can contribute to aggressive behaviour. Social factors, such as difficulties in forming friendships or difficulties in communicating with others, also play a crucial role. Children with ADHD are often faced with bigger challenges in a social environment, which can lead to frustration and consequent aggressive reactions. Environmental factors like family dynamics and exposure to violence can further aggravate aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. Educators play a key role in the development of children with ADHD because they are able to adapt their pedagogical approach to the individual needs of each child. Furthermore, educators need to collaborate with parents and experts to develop an individual support plan to manage ADHD symptoms and encourage the emotional development of such children. In conclusion, this work shows that there is a significant link between ADHD and aggressive behaviour in preschool age children and that neurobiological, social, and environmental factors contribute to this link. The understanding of this link is paramount for the diagnosis and presents implications for intervention that are needed to help children with ADHD and limit their aggressive behaviour
Methodical approach to language skills development and prior proficiency
No full textU diplomskome radu Metodički pristup razvoju jezičnih sposobnosti i predvještina bit će prikazano zašto je razdoblje ranoga djetinjstva i predškolskoga odgoja i obrazovanja od iznimne važnosti za razvoj jezičnih sposobnosti.
U teorijskome dijelu bit će objašnjene faze jezičnoga razvoja i jezične djelatnosti te predvještine čitanja i pisanja.
Odgojitelji djece rane i predškolske dobi vlastitim modelom, poticajnim okružjem i metodičkim pristupima i aktivnostima svakodnevno utječu na razvoj jezičnih sposobnost, a kao primjer dobre prakse navodi se provođenje Erasmus+ KA2 projekta The power of reading (Moć čitanja) u odgojno-obrazovnoj skupini u Dječjemu vrtiću Jarun.
U razdoblju od 2020. do 2023. provodio se projekt čiji je cilj bio poticanje čitateljskih kompetencija djece. U radu su prikazane različite metodičke aktivnosti koje su djeci pružile snažan poticaj za razvoj jezičnih sposobnosti i predvještina.
Naglašena je i važnost stručnoga usavršavanja odgojno-obrazovnih djelatnika te mogućnosti koje pruža sudjelovanje u Erasmus+ programima.
Za potrebe ovoga diplomskog rada provedeno je istraživanje među odgojiteljima o učestalosti primjene metodičkih predložaka i metodičkih aktivnosti u vlastitome odgojno-obrazovnom radu. U radu su istaknuti i detaljno analizirani rezultati istraživanja.The master's thesis Methodical approach to language skills development and prior proficiency will illustrate why the period of early childhood and preschool education is of exceptional importance in the development of language abilities.
In the theoretical part, the stages of children's language development, as well as the language abilities and pre-skills necessary for the development of speech, listening, reading, and writing, will be explained.
Educators of young children have an important role in shaping language abilities through their own role modeling, creating a stimulating environment, and implementing methodical approaches and activities. An exemplary example of good practice is the implementation of the Erasmus+ KA2 project "The Power of Reading" within the educational group of the Jarun Kindergarten.
In the period from 2020 to 2023, a project aimed at encouraging children's reading skills was implemented.
In this thesis, different methodical activities are presented that gave children exceptional incentives for the development of language skills and pre-skills.
The thesis also explained the importance of lifelong learning and professional development in education and the opportunities offered by participation in Erasmus+ programs.
As part of this master's thesis, a survey was conducted among educators in order to assess the frequency of application of methodological templates and activities in their own educational practice. The research results are analyzed and described in detail
Allergic diseases in preschool children
No full textSuvremeni način života, tehnološki razvoj i napredak civilizacije imaju značajan utjecaj na zdravlje ljudi. Zdravlje se ne svodi samo na odsutnost bolesti, već predstavlja kompleksno stanje koje uključuje psihičko, fizičko, duhovno i emocionalno blagostanje, koje treba biti uravnoteženo. Imunološki sustav organizma odgovoran je za zaštitu od različitih potencijalno štetnih tvari, utjecaja i organizama. No, kada imunološki sustav pretjerano reagira na inače bezopasne tvari, nastaje alergija. Alergijske reakcije mogu se pojaviti zbog raznih alergena koji se nalaze u okolini. Pelud, grinje i hrana su najčešći uzročnici alergija. Kada organizam dođe u kontakt s alergenom, može reagirati lokalnim ili generaliziranim alergijskim reakcijama. Generalizirana reakcija, poznata i kao anafilaktička reakcija, često se javlja zbog uboda kukaca, konzumacije hrane ili lijekova te može biti izrazito opasna, ponekad čak i fatalna. Najčešće alergijske bolesti koje značajno utječu na kvalitetu života pojedinaca uključuju alergijski rinitis, astmu i atopijski dermatitis. Iako alergije nisu potpuno izlječive, medicinska znanost je napredovala u kontroli i olakšavanju simptoma alergijskih bolesti. Ključne strategije u borbi protiv alergija uključuju preventivne mjere, edukaciju, medikamentozno liječenje te specifičnu imunoterapiju. Važno je napomenuti da su alergije češće u dječjoj dobi, stoga bi odgojitelji trebali biti educirani o ovoj modernoj epidemiji i razumjeti kako pravilno postupiti u slučaju alergijskih reakcija.Contemporary lifestyles, technological advancements, and the progress of civilization have a significant impact on human health. Health is not merely the absence of disease; rather, it constitutes a complex state encompassing mental, physical, spiritual, and emotional well-being, all of which should be in balance. The immune system of the body is responsible for shielding it from various potentially harmful substances, influences, and organisms. However, when the immune system excessively reacts to otherwise harmless substances, allergies develop. Allergic reactions can occur due to various allergens present in the environment. Pollen, dust mites, and food are the most common culprits of allergies. When the body comes into contact with an allergen, it can react with localized or generalized allergic responses. Generalized reactions, also known as anaphylactic reactions, often occur as a result of insect stings, food consumption, or medication use and can be extremely dangerous, sometimes even fatal. The most prevalent allergic diseases that significantly impact individuals' quality of life include allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. While allergies are not entirely curable, medical science has made progress in controlling and alleviating the symptoms of allergic diseases. Key strategies in the battle against allergies involve preventive measures, education, medication-based treatments, and specific immunotherapy. It is important to note that allergies are more common in childhood, so educators should be educated about this modern epidemic and understand how to properly respond to allergic reactions
Encouraging Children's Linguistic Creativity within the Framework of Montessori Pedagogy
No full textJezik je ključan za čovjekov život i za transformaciju čovjekove okoline i civilizacije. Dijete upija jezik iz svog okružja. Ono ga usvaja kao jedinstvenu cjelinu i služi se njime. Da bi dijete imalo dobre poticaje za primjeren razvoj govora i jezika, mora se nalaziti u poticajnom okružju. Roditelji, odrasle osobe koje okružuju dijete i odgojitelji trebali bi biti emocionalno osjetljivi u razgovoru s djetetom, poticati dijete na govor pružajući mu različite poticaje i materijale za razvoj govora i jezika.
Ovaj rad može biti doprinos boljem razumijevanju svrhe i mogućnosti ranog poticanja dječje jezične kreativnosti s brojnim primjerima za to. U radu je navedena važnost roditeljske uloge u poticanju dječjeg jezičnog razvoja te uloga Montessori odgojitelja i okoline poticajne za jezični razvoj. Upravo Montessori pedagogija stavlja poseban naglasak na organizaciju okoline koja uvelike utječe na cjelokupni razvoj djeteta. Montessori pribor potiče djetetovo razumijevanje govorne komunikacije, izražavanje, stvaranje (konceptualizaciju) pojmova i logičko razmišljanje. Različiti Montessori poticaji za razvoj jezika i govora obogaćuju dječji rječnik, komunikaciju na materinskom i stranim jezicima i sposobnost za ovladavanjem vještina čitanja i pisanja.
Za potrebe rada intervjuirano je dvanaest Montessori odgojiteljica. Intervjuiranjem se željelo dobiti detaljniji uvid u poticanje dječjeg jezičnog razvoja putem aktivnosti i materijala u Montessori okružju. Intervjuiranje je provedeno u lipnju 2022. godine. Rezultati intervjua pokazali su da Montessori odgojiteljice primjećuju kod djece bogat opći, kao i specifični rječnik.
Zaključuje se kako je poticanje dječjeg jezičnog razvoja za predškolsku djecu vrlo važno, a ostvarivanje tog poticanja putem odgojnih metoda i materijala koje je osmislila Maria Montessori, to jest uz pomoć pribora za razvoj jezika i govora, poticaja primjerenih dobi djeteta te individualizacije rada, pridonosi razvoju dječje jezične kreativnosti.Language is crucial for human life and for the transformation of human environment and civilization. The child absorbs language from his environment. It adopts it as a unique whole and uses it. In order for the child to have good incentives for the appropriate development of speech and language, he must be in a stimulating environment. Parents, adults surrounding the child and educators should be emotionally sensitive when talking with the child, encourage the child to speak by providing him with various incentives and materials for speech and language development.
This work can be a contribution to a better understanding of the purpose and possibility of early stimulation of children's linguistic creativity with numerous examples for this. The paper states the importance of parents' role in encouraging children's language development, as well as the role of Montessori educators and the environment that encourages language development. It is Montessori pedagogy that places special emphasis on the organization of the environment, which greatly influences the overall development of the child. Montessori accessories encourage the child's understanding of spoken communication, expression, creation (conceptualization) of concepts and logical thinking. Various Montessori stimuli for the development of language and speech enrich children's vocabulary, communication in native and foreign languages, and the ability to master reading and writing skills.
For the purposes of the work, twelve Montessori educators were interviewed. By interviewing, we wanted to get a more detailed insight into encouraging children's language development through activities and materials in the Montessori environment. The interview was conducted in June 2022. The results of the interviews showed that Montessori educators notice a rich general as well as specific vocabulary in children.
It is concluded that the stimulation of children's language development is very important for preschool children, and the realization of this stimulation through educational methods and materials designed by Maria Montessori, that is, with the help of accessories for the development of language and speech, incentives suitable for the child's age and individualization of work, contributes to the development children's linguistic creativity
Diversity of Plant Species in our Parks (Diversity of Flowers, Fruits and Seeds)
No full textPark je zemlja koja je namijenjena stablima, vrtovima i livadama za rekreaciju ili odmor. Parkovi predstavljaju zelene površine unutar grada ili sela. U tim slučajevima parkovi nisu važni samo za odmor ili šetnju susjeda, već su također važni s ekološkog stajališta za stvaranje kisika. Namjena parka mijenjala se i proširivala na nove sadržaje poput dječjeg igrališta, športskog parka, parka skulpture, memorijalnog parka, botaničkog vrta i park šuma te park-groblja. Biljke su se postupno razvijale tijekom Zemljine prošlosti od najjednostavnijih do sve složenijih oblika. Mahovine su najjednostavnije danas živuće stablašice na kopnu. Papratnjače su evolucijski naprednija skupina stablašica kojoj pripadaju crvotočine, preslice i paprati. Nakon prevlasti papratnjača na Zemlji počinju prevladavati sjemenjače, i to najprije golosjemenjače, a kasnije i kritosjemenjače. Park Ivana Pavla II, park šetalište Vatroslava Jagića i park Graberje čine najpoznatije lokacije u Varaždinu. Što se tiče Čakovca valja izdvojiti perivoj Zrinskih, dok u Ludbregu neizbježan je perivoj dvorca Batthany-Strattmann. Neizostavan je i dvorac Patačić-Rauch u Martijancu koji je dio klasicističkog ambijenta što ga čine gospodarske građevine sjeverno od dvorca i perivoj južno od njega. Parkovi i zaštićena područja pružaju brojne pogodnosti kao što je očuvanje bioraznolikosti, staništa biljaka i životinja, dobrobiti za lokalnu zajednicu i društvo u cjelini. Boravak u prirodi neophodan je čovjeku zbog obnavljanja njegove fizičke i mentalne energije, dok je zbog stalnog povećanja površine urbanih sredina od velike važnosti stvoriti više prilika za boravak građana u prirodi. Parkovi su neprocjenjivi resursi koji doprinose ljepoti i kvaliteti života u zajednicama širom svijeta. Svaka vrsta parkova ima svoje
jedinstvene karakteristike i doprinosi različitim aspektima kvalitete života i očuvanju prirode.A park is land intended for trees, gardens and meadows for recreation or rest. Parks represent green areas within a city or village. In these cases, parks are not only important for the neighbors to rest or take a walk, but they are also important from an ecological point of view for creating oxygen. The purpose of the park changed and expanded to include new facilities such as a children's playground, a sports park, a sculpture park, a memorial park, a botanical garden and a forest park, and a park-cemetery. Plants gradually evolved during Earth's past from the simplest to all the more complex forms. Mosses are the simplest living trees on land today. Ferns are an evolutionarily more advanced group of trees to which wormholes, horsetails and ferns belong. After the predominance of ferns, seed plants began to predominate on Earth, first gymnosperms, and later angiosperms. Ivan Pavla II Park, Vatroslav Jagić Promenade Park and Graberje Park are the most famous locations in Varaždin. As for Čakovec, the Zrinski park should be singled out, while in Ludbreg the park of the Batthany-Strattmann castle is inevitable. Indispensable is also the Patačić-Rauch castle in Martijanac which is part of the classicist ambience, which consists of farm buildings to the north of the castle and the park to the south of it. Parks and protected areas provide numerous benefits such as the preservation of biodiversity, plant and animal habitats, benefits for the local community and society as a whole. Staying in nature is necessary for man to restore his physical and mental energy, while due to the constant increase in the area of urban areas, it is of great importance to create more opportunities for citizens to stay in nature. Parks are invaluable resources that contribute to the beauty and quality of life in communities around the world. Each type of park has its own unique characteristics and contributes to different aspects of quality of life and nature conservation
Curriculum for the middle age group
No full textU ovom radu Plan i program srednje dobne skupine ukratko je opisana kineziologija kao znanost te kineziološka metodika kao disciplina. Istaknute su dobrobiti i pozitivni ishodi tjelesnog vježbanja. Nadalje je opisan sam proces odabira vježbi. Praćenje karakteristika razvojnih faza može se izdvojiti kao jedan od bitnijih kriterija prilikom odabira i osmišljavanja vježbi. Pritom se ne zanemaruju ostali kriteriji poput psihofizičkog razvoja i spremnosti skupine, materijalnih uvjeta i zdravlja djeteta.
Opisan je sam proces određivanja plana i programa u kojem se određuje prvo cilj procesa vježbanja, zatim se utvrđuje stanje subjekta te faktor ograničenja, izabiru se i distribuiraju sadržaji vježbanja.
Nakon objašnjenog postupka planiranja, priložen je primjer globalnog i operativnog plana i programa.In this paper, Curriculum for middle age group, kinesiology is presented in short as a science, as well as kinesiological methodology discipline. This paper puts an emphasis on benefits and positive outcomes of physical exercise. Furthermore, the process of the exercise selection is defined. One of the significant criteria whilst choosing and selecting the right exercises are developmental phases. At the same time criteria such as psycho-physical development, group competence, material condition and child health can not be ignored.
The process of defining the curriculum is described in which the goal is set first then the state of subject and factor of limitation and content of exercises is chosen.
After the explained process of planing, there is an attachment of global and operative plan and program
Curriculum of physical education in EU countries
No full textKroz rad je istaknuta važnost kurikuluma tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture u Republici Hrvatskoj i zemljama Europske unije. Tjelesna aktivnost i tjelovježba imaju značajne pozitivne učinke u prevenciji ili ublažavanju mentalnih bolesti, uključujući simptome depresije i bolesti povezane s anksioznošću ili stresom. Na razini Europske unije je posljednjih godina došlo do pokušaja uskađivanja kurkikuluma tjelesne i zdravstvene culture. U radu je opisana provedba predmeta Tjelesna i zdravstvena kultura u školskim ustanovama. Definirana je problematika programa i kurikula tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture na razini EU. Škole igraju važnu ulogu u promicanju tjelesne aktivnosti, prehrambenih navika i socijalne interakcije, kao i razvoju zdravih vještina i navika. Kada je riječ o programima i kurikulumu tjelesne i zdravstvene culture u većini zemalja EU nacionalne vlade imaju veći dio odgovornostiza nastavni plan i program koji se usklađuje sa smjernicama Europske komisije. Tamo gdje postoje decentralizirani oblici vlasti, odgovornost je podijeljena, ali obično leži uglavnom na regionalnoj razini. Nadalje, neke države članice promiču inovativne i primjerene političke odgovore koji mogu poslužiti kao primjer drugim zemljama koje su trenutno manje predane ulaganju u kvalitetu i kvantitetu tjelesnog odgoja na razini škola.The paper highlights the importance of the curriculum of physical and health culture in the Republic of Croatia and the countries of the European Union. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including symptoms of depression and anxiety- or stress-related illnesses. At the level of the European Union, in recent years there have been attempts to standardize the curriculum of physical and health culture. The paper describes the implementation of the subject Physical and health culture in school institutions. The issues of programs and curricula of physical and health culture at the EU level are defined. Schools play an important role in promoting physical activity, eating habits and social interaction, as well as developing healthy skills and habits. When it comes to the programs and curriculum of physical and health culture in most EU countries, national governments have the greater part of the responsibility for the curriculum that is harmonized with the guidelines of the European Commission. Where decentralized forms of government exist, responsibility is shared, but usually lies mainly at the regional level. Furthermore, some member states are promoting innovative and appropriate policy responses that can serve as an example to other countries that are currently less committed to investing in the quality and quantity of physical education at school level
Shadow theater
No full textU uvodnom dijelu rada Kazalište sjena objašnjena je povezanost simboličke igre i lutke te aspekti razvoja na koje utječe igra djece s lutkama. Ukratko, lutke imaju važnu ulogu u razvoju djetetovih emocija, spoznajnog i socijalnog razvoja te jezato bitno da djetetu bude ponuđeno igranje i samostalno izrađivanje lutaka kako bi se mogla razvijati mašta i kreativnost te kako bi dijete bogatilo svoj vokabular kroz izvođenje predstava. Za kazalište sjena najbitniji nam je izvor svjetlosti i zaslon koji propušta svjetlost, a umjesto lutaka možemo iskoristiti ruke ili bilo koji predmet koji imamo pri ruci. Zbog jednostavnosti, ali i jedinstvenosti odabrala sam upravo kazalište sjena za provođenje aktivnosti u vrtiću. Sjene su djeci ne baš poznat pojam, djeluju misteriozno te, zbog nepoznatog, djeca pokazuju veliki interes za istraživanje i dublje proučavanje. Aktivnostima su prethodili motivacijski razgovori i upoznavanje nepoznatih pojmova, a zatim izrađivanje lutaka i glumljenje u kazalištu sjena. Kroz navedene aktivnosti djeca su kombinirala stečena znanja i iskustvo, razvijali su maštu i kreativnost, komunikaciju i samostalnost te, ono najvažnije, stekli su nova znanja koja će im poslužiti u daljnjem radu i obrazovanju.In the introductory part of the paper Shadow Theater, the connection between symbolic play and puppets is explained, and aspects of development whichare affected by children's play with puppets. In short, puppet play is animportant role in the development of a child's emotions, cognitive and social development, so it is important that the child is offered theopportunity to make dolls independently in order to develop imagination and creativity and to enrich the child's vocabulary through the performance ofplays. For shadow theater, the most important is the source of light and a screen that let slight through and instead ofpuppets, we can use our hands or any object we have at hand. Because of itssimplicity, but also itsuniqueness, I chose the shadow theater for activities in the kindergarten. Shadows are not a very familiar concept to children, they seem mysterious, and because of the unknown, children show great interest in research and deeper study. The activities were precededby motivational talks and familiarization with unfamiliar concepts, followed by making puppets and actingin a shadow theater. Through the mentioned activities, children combine dacquired knowledge and experience, developed imagination and creativity, communication and independence, and most importantly, acquired new knowledge that will serve the minfurther work and education