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Family as a Source of Inequality - How to Achieve a Just Division of Labor in the Family
No full textOvaj rad analizira podjelu radnih obaveza u obitelji s posebnim naglaskom na pretežito neplaćeni skrbnički rad žena u obitelji. Polazeći od koncepta rodne podjele rada, u radu se analizira kako tradicionalne društvene norme i strukturne nejednakosti rezultiraju opterećenjem žena kućanskim i skrbničkim obvezama, u pravilu na štetu njihove profesionalne karijere i osobnog vremena. Naime, prevladavajući rodni stereotipi žene percipiraju kao primarne skrbnice djece i njegovateljice starijih i bolesnih članica i članova obitelji, dok mjere poput fleksibilnog radnog vremena, rodno osjetljivih roditeljskih dopusta i razvoja sustava institucionalne skrbi ostaju nedovoljno implementirane. Kroz analizu zakonodavnog okvira i javne politike ravnopravnosti spolova, uključujući Direktivu EU o ravnoteži između poslovnog i privatnog života, u radu razmatraju institucionalni mehanizmi koji mogu doprinijeti pravednijoj raspodjeli skrbničkog rada. Rad zaključuje da je za postizanje ravnopravnije podjele skrbničkog rada nužna kombinacija promjena u društvenim normama, zakonodavstvu i ekonomskim politikama koje podržavaju ravnopravno sudjelovanje žena i muškaraca u obiteljskim i profesionalnim sferama.This thesis analyzes the division of labor responsibilities in the family with a special emphasis on the predominantly unpaid care work of women in the family. Starting from the concept of the gender division of labor, the paper analyzes how traditional social norms and structural inequalities result in women being burdened with household and care responsibilities, usually to the detriment of their professional careers and personal time. Namely, prevailing gender stereotypes perceive women as the primary caregivers of children and caregivers of elderly and sick family members, while measures such as flexible working hours, gender-sensitive parental leave and the development of an institutional care system remain insufficiently implemented. Through an analysis of the legislative framework and public policies on gender equality, including the EU Work-Life Balance Directive, the paper considers institutional mechanisms that can contribute to a fairer distribution of care work. The paper concludes that achieving a more equal division of care work requires a combination of changes in social norms, legislation and economic policies that support equal participation of women and men in the family and professional spheres
A Criminological Analysis of Criminal Offenses of Extortion and Robbery as Part of a Criminal Association
No full textU radu se iznosi analiza kaznenih djela iznude i razbojništva, kroz kriminološke teorije analizira fenomenologija i etiologija profesionalnih delinkvenata i organiziranog kriminala. Zatim kroz povijesni pregled sažeto je prikazan razvoj od pojavnih oblika socijalnog banditizma, preko ćelija jugoslavenskih profesionalnih delinkvenata i njihovih aktivnosti u inozemstvu do raspada Jugoslavije i njihova povratka, kada se u ratnim prilikama transformiraju u vođe paravojnih postrojbi, iz koje mase se opet u poratnim prilikama stvarala kriminalna supkultura. Problematika je bazirana na analizi slučajeva iz sudske prakse Vrhovnog suda RH, te iz relevantnih medija, zatim je provedena analiza kaznenih djela iznude i razbojništva, specijalno napada na banke i draguljarnice, s posebnim osvrtom na počinjenje u sastavu zločinačkog udruženja. Na jednoj razini provedena je komparacija triju kaznenih zakonodavstava u vremenskom polju primjene od 1991. do 2013., kao i komparacija s poredbenim zakonodavstvom. Naposljetku, iznesene su metode suzbijanja, odnosno detekcije, prevencije i represije organiziranog kriminala iz seta posebnih mjera i radnji usmjerenih na prikriveno prikupljanje podataka ovlaštenih državnih tijela progona.The thesis presents an analysis of the criminal acts of extortion and robbery, and analyzes the phenomenology and etiology of professional delinquents and organized crime while utilizing criminological theories. Furthermore, a historical overview presents the development from manifestations of social banditry, through cells of Yugoslav professional delinquents and their activities abroad to the breakup of Yugoslavia and their return, when during wartime they were transformed into leaders of paramilitary units, from which a criminal subculture was created in the post-war period. The research is based on the analysis of cases from the case law of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia, as well as from relevant media, followed by an analysis of the criminal acts of extortion and robbery, especially attacks on banks and jewelry stores, with special attention to committing crimes as part of a criminal association. On one level, three criminal legislations in the time from 1991 to 2013 are compared, as well as with comparative legislation. Finally, methods of combating, or rather detecting, preventing and repressing organized crime are presented from a set of special measures and actions aimed at covertly collecting data by authorized state law enforcement bodies
Active Ageing through Education and Lifelong Learning of Older Adults in the Social Policy of the City of Zagreb
No full textGlobalni trend demografskog starenja stanovništva karakterističan je i za Grad Zagreb koji svojom socijalnom politikom obrazovanje i cjeloživotno učenje starijih osoba prepoznaje kao bitnu komponentu aktivnog starenja. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti i analizirati ulogu obrazovanja i cjeloživotnog učenja u socijalnoj politici Grada Zagreba s fokusom na starije osobe te evaluirati programe i inicijative usmjerene na promicanje aktivnog starenja. Rad se temelji na analitičkom pregledu postojećih strateških dokumenata, programa i praksi, a posebno se osvrće na ključne aktere poput gerontoloških centara, Sveučilišta za treću životnu dob, knjižnica Grada Zagreba i nevladinih organizacija. Svrha rada je pridonijeti razumijevanju važnosti aktivnog starenja i cjeloživotnog učenja u kontekstu socijalne politike, naglašavajući potrebu za sveobuhvatnim i održivim programima koji odgovaraju na specifične potrebe starijih osoba. Time se nastoji potaknuti daljnji razvoj obrazovnih i socijalnih programa koji će omogućiti bolju kvalitetu života starijih građana Zagreba, povećati njihovu socijalnu uključenost i doprinijeti jačanju društvene kohezije. Temeljem analize postojećeg stanja možemo reći da se socijalna politika Grad Zagreba suočava sa brojim izazovima modernog starenja kao što su financijska održivost programa, nedostatak prostornih resursa i volontera, potreba za dodatnim obrazovanjem stručnjaka koji rade sa starijim osobama te razvoj novih inovativnih programa prilagođenih trenutačnim potrebama.The global trend of demographic ageing is also characteristic of the City of Zagreb, which, through its social policy, recognises education and lifelong learning of older adults as an essential component of active ageing. The aim of this paper is to explore and analyse the role of education and lifelong learning within the social policy of the City of Zagreb, with a focus on older adults and to evaluate programmes and initiatives aimed at promoting active ageing. The paper is based on an analytical review of existing strategic documents, programmes, and practices, with particular emphasis on key stakeholders such as gerontological centres, the University of the Third Age, the City of Zagreb libraries and non-governmental organisations. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding the importance of active aging and lifelong learning in the context of social policy, emphasizing the need for comprehensive and sustainable programs that address the specific needs of older adults. The intention is to encourage further development of educational and social programmes that will improve the quality of life of older citizens in Zagreb, increase their social inclusion and contribute to strengthening social cohesion. Based on the analysis of the current situation, it can be concluded that the social policy of the City of Zagreb faces numerous challenges related to modern ageing, such as financial sustainability of programmes, lack of physical resources and volunteers, the need for additional training of professionals working with older adults and the development of new, innovative programmes tailored to current needs
Local referendum as a form of direct democracy - comparative examples
No full textLokalni referendum jedno je od sredstava kojim se omogućuje samim građanima da odlučuju i potencijalno dođu do željenih promjena koje su u njihovom interesu. Reguliran ustavom,
zakonom, lokalni referendum je iznimno važan instrument neposredne demokracije i potrebno je kontinuirano raditi na njegovoj primjeni i regulaciji kako bi se postigao što bolji zakonodavni okvir kojim se ne bi kočila primjena lokalnog referenduma kao takvog nego promicala njegova uporaba. Također važno je raditi i na njegovoj promociji i edukaciji građana o njihovim pravima vezanima uz odlučivanje na lokalnoj razini. Kao primjeri zemalja uzete su Hrvatska, Njemačka i Austrija kao tri relativno slične zemlje u svrhu komparacije stanja i primjene lokalnog referenduma.Local referendums are one of the most important tools that allows citizens to participate in decision-making and allows them to potentially reach decisions that are in their best interest. Regulated by constitution and law, local referendum is a very important instrument of direct democracy and we must continously work on its application and regulation so that we can achieve the best possible judicial frame which won't hold back the application and usage of local referendums but to promote its application. It is also important to work on promoting local referendums and to educate citizens on their rights connected to decision-making on a local level. As examples we will use Croatia, Germany and Austria as three relatively similar countries for the purpose of comparison of the state and application of local referendums
Legal Framework for Statutory Minimum Wage from the Croatian Perspective in the Context of International Law and the European Union Law
No full textDanas u svijetu gotovo sve države poznaju neki od sustava uređivanja instituta minimalne plaće. U Republici Hrvatskoj je 2008. godine definiran sustav minimalne plaće koji se temelji na zakonskom određenju minimalne plaće. Sustav je tijekom narednih godina mijenjan i dopunjavan nastojeći odgovoriti na tendencije razvoja instituta na koje značajno kroz svoje aktivnosti djeluju Međunarodna organizacija rada i Europska unija. Europska unija kroz svoje sekundarno zakonodavstvo, Direktivom o primjerenim minimalnim plaćama, nastoji uspostaviti mehanizme koji bi osigurali primjerene minimalne plaće u državama članicama. To nastoji ostvariti i promicanjem kolektivnog pregovaranja kao mehanizma koji u Republici Hrvatskoj do sada nije prepoznat u dovoljnoj mjeri. Republika Hrvatska je u posljednjim izmjenama Zakona o minimalnoj plaći implementirala rješenja europskog zakonodavstva, no ostaje za vidjeti, s obzirom na postupak koji se vodi pred Sudom Europske unije, hoće li Direktiva o primjerenim minimalnim plaćama biti poništena zbog nenadležnosti EU po pitanju reguliranja plaća.SUMMARY
Today, almost all countries in the world have some system regulating the minimum wage institute. In the Republic of Croatia, a minimum wage system was defined in 2008 as statutory minimum wage. Over the following years, the system was amended attempting to respond to the tendencies of the institute's development, which is significantly influenced by the activities of the International Labour Organization and the European Union. The European Union, through its secondary legislation, the Directive on adequate minimum wages, is trying to establish mechanisms that would ensure adequate minimum wages in the member states. It also seeks to achieve this by promoting collective bargaining as a mechanism that has not been sufficiently recognized in the Republic of Croatia so far. The Republic of Croatia has implemented solutions from European legislation in the latest amendments to the Directive on adequate minimum wages, but it remains to be seen, given the proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union, if the Directive on adequate minimum wage will be annulled as EU lacks authority to regulate any aspect of wages
Maintenance of extra-marital partners
No full textUzdržavanje partnera nakon razvrgnuća izvanbračne zajednice predstavlja pravno i društveno pitanje koje se temelji na zaštiti slabije strane u odnosu. Izvananbračna zajednica, iako formalno nije brak, u pravnom smislu često ima sličan status kada je riječ o imovinskim pravima i obvezama, uključujući uzdržavanje. Pravo na uzdržavanje temelji se na načelu solidarnosti i zaštiti dostojanstva slabije ekonomski situiranog partnera.
Uvjeti za ostvarivanje prava na uzdržavanje obuhvaćaju dokazivanje trajanja i stabilnosti zajednice, potrebu za uzdržavanjem te sposobnost druge strane da tu obvezu ispunjava. Uloga sudova ključna je u procjeni opravdanosti zahtjeva za uzdržavanjem, a odluke se donose uzimajući u obzir konkretne okolnosti, poput ekonomske nejednakosti, doprinosa zajednici i eventualne ugroze životnog standarda slabije strane.
Pravni okvir u Republici Hrvatskoj uređuje ovo područje kroz Obiteljski zakon, ali postoje razlike u primjeni i pristupu u odnosu na bračnu zajednicu. Osim pravnog aspekta, značajnu ulogu imaju i moralni, društveni i kulturni faktori, koji utječu na percepciju i provedbu uzdržavanja. Cilj reguliranja ovog pitanja je osigurati ravnotežu između zaštite prava slabije strane i sprječavanja zlouporabe sustava.Support for partners after the dissolution of a common-law union is a legal and social issue based on the protection of the weaker party in the relationship. A common-law union, although not formally a marriage, often has a similar status in legal terms when it comes to property rights and obligations, including support. The right to support is based on the principle of solidarity and the protection of the dignity of the economically weaker partner.
The conditions for exercising the right to support include proving the duration and stability of the union, the need for support, and the ability of the other party to fulfill this obligation. The role of the courts is crucial in assessing the justification of the support request, and decisions are made taking into account specific circumstances, such as economic inequality, contribution to the community, and possible threat to the living standard of the weaker party.
The legal framework in the Republic of Croatia regulates this area through the Family Act, but there are differences in application and approach in relation to a marital union. In addition to the legal aspect, moral, social, and cultural factors also play a significant role, influencing the perception and implementation of support. The goal of regulating this issue is to ensure a balance between protecting the rights of the weaker party and preventing abuse of the system
Marital Property in Roman
No full textBrak se smatra jednom od temeljnih vrijednosti čovječanstva te bračna zajednica ima mnoštvo aspekata, a jedan od njih je i imovinski. Prilikom razmatranja imovinskopravnih odnosa, u suvremenom hrvatskom pravu, potrebno je razlikovati bračnu stečevinu, koja se prema čl. 36. Obiteljskog zakona definira kao imovina stečena radom bračnih drugova, ili koja iz nje potječe, za razliku od ostale imovine, koja je stečena radom prije zasnivanja bračne zajednice ili na druge načine nakon što je ona nastala, koja se naziva osobna imovina. Kada je riječ o rimskom pravu, iako ne možemo govoriti o bračnoj stečevini u smislu suvlasništva supružnika nad određenim dijelovima imovine kao u suvremenom pravu, mogu se povući određene paralele sa bračnom stečevinom u pogledu onih dobara, dijelova imovine na kojoj su postajala ovlaštenja obaju supružnika, odnosno koristi od kojih su dijeljene među supružnicima. U rimskom pravu ključna je razlika u uređenju imovinskih pitanja između braka cum manu i sine manu, pa je tako u slučaju braka cum manu sve što je žena stekla prije stupanja u manus, kao i sve što je dobila za vrijeme braka, pripadalo mužu ili njegovom pater familias ako je muž još bio pod njegovom vlašću. S druge strane, to nije bio slučaj u braku sine manu jer u njemu sklapanje braka generalno nije imalo utjecaj na status postojeće imovine supružnika pa je sve što je žena imala i stjecala pripadalo njoj, u slučaju da je bila sui iuris, ili njezinom pater familiasu u slučaju njegove očinske vlasti nad njom. Najznačajniji instituti rimskog prava u vezi imovine supružnika koja je imala određene karakteristike zajedničke imovine (stečevine) bili su miraz (dos) te donatio propter nuptias. Miraz je označavao dobro ili skup dobra koje prilikom sklapanja braka žena ili najčešće njezin otac prenose mužu ili osobi koja ima vlast nad njim. Kroz različita razdoblja mijenjala su se mišljenja o funkciji koju je imao miraz, pa su neki smatrali da je primarna funkcija bila pomoć za ženino uzdržavanje u budućem bračnom životu, dok su drugi podržavali teoriju da se miraz daje kao kompenzacija nasljeđivanja budući žena nakon sklapanja braka cum manu više neće imati to pravo u svojoj obitelji. Uz muževo pravo na raspolaganje miraznim dobrima koegzistiralo je i ženino pravo na povrat istog koje je u neku ruku služilo i kao oblik odvraćanja od razvoda jer krajem Republike dolazi do sve više razvoda. Zajednička ovlaštenja na miraznim dobrima su se očitovala primarno kod povrata, pri čemu je to bilo posebno vidljivo glede razrješenja pitanja naknade troškova koje je bilo uređeno na način da su se nužni troškovi odbijali od miraza ako su bili u vezi njim, korisni troškovi su ponekad mogli biti oduzimani od miraza, ali samo ako je na njih pristala žena, te luksuzni troškovi koji nikada nisu bili oduzimani od miraza. S druge strane, donatio ante nuptias bio je poklon dan ili obećan ženi prije braka, s tim da je muž zadržavao upravu nad poklonjenim dobrima. Njegova primarna svrha bila je jamčiti blagostanje obitelji stvaranjem zajedničkog fonda za snošenje tereta braka te osiguranje uzdržavanja žene ako dođe do prestanka braka. Analizom navedenih instituta potvrđuje se da u rimskom pravu nije postojala bračna stečevina kakvu poznajemo danas, međutim, uvidom o pravila o podjeli dobiti i koristi te snošenja troškova za vrijeme trajanja braka, može se uočiti da je glede instituta miraza i donatio ante nuptias postojalo shvaćanje o imovini koja služi zajedničkim svrhama te su stoga i koristi i troškovi od njih dijeljeni. Kada je pak riječ o suvremenom talijanskom sustavu uređenja bračne stečevine, valja primijetiti da je tek 1975. godine uveden pravni režim zajednice imovine supružnika, ali dopušteno je i drukčije uređenje ustanovljeno sporazumom bračnih partnera. Ovo je uređenje uspoređeno u radu sa hrvatskim uređenjem bračne stečevinu kao imovine koju su bračni drugovi stekli radom za trajanja bračne zajednice i ono što potječe iz te imovine.Marriage is considered one of the fundamental values of humanity, and the marriage union has many aspects, and one of them is property. When considering property relations, in modern Croatian law, it is necessary to distinguish matrimonial property, which according to Article 36. The Family Law defines as property acquired through the work of spouses, or which originates from it, in contrast to other property, which was acquired through work before the establishment of a marriage union or in other ways after it was created, which is called personal property. When it comes to Roman law, although we cannot talk about matrimonial property in the sense of co-ownership of the spouse over certain parts of the property as in modern law, certain parallels can be drawn with matrimonial property regarding those goods, parts of the property on which the powers of both spouses became, that is, the benefits of which were shared between spouses. In Roman law, the difference in the regulation of property issues between the marriage cum manu and sine manu is key, so in the case of marriage cum manu, everything that a woman acquired before entering manus, as well as everything she received during marriage, belonged to her husband or his pater familias if the husband was still under his rule. On the other hand, this was not the case in a sine manu marriage because in it the marriage generally did not have an impact on the status of the spouse's existing property, so everything that the woman had and acquired belonged to her, in the case that she was sui iuris, or to her pater familias in the case of his paternal authority over her. The most important institutes of Roman law regarding the property of spouses that had certain characteristics of common property (acquis) were dowry (dos) and donatio propter nuptias. Dowry meant a good or a set of goods that, when a woman or most often her father marries, they pass on to her husband or the person who has authority over him. Throughout different periods, opinions changed about the function that the dowry had, so some felt that the primary function was to help support the wife in her future married life, while others supported the theory that the dowry given as compensation for the inheritance of the future wife after marriage cum manu would no longer have that right in her family. In addition to the husband's right to dispose of the dowry goods, the wife's right to return it coexisted, which in a way also served as a form of deterrence against divorce, because at the end of the Republic there were more and more divorces. Joint authorizations on dowry goods were manifested primarily in restitution, where this was particularly visible regarding the resolution of the issue of reimbursement of expenses, which was regulated in such a way that the necessary expenses were deducted from the dowry if they were related to it, the useful expenses could sometimes be deducted from the dowry, but only if the woman agreed to them, and luxury expenses that were never deducted from the dowry. On the other hand, the donatio ante nuptias was a gift given or promised to a woman before marriage, with the husband retaining the administration of the goods given. Its primary purpose was to guarantee the well-being of the family by creating a common fund to bear the burden of marriage and to ensure the maintenance of the woman if the marriage ended. The analysis of the aforementioned institutes confirms that there was no matrimonial property in Roman law as we know it today, however, with an insight into the rules on the division of profits and benefits and the bearing of costs for the duration of the marriage, it can be observed that regarding the institute dowry and donatio ante nuptias there was an understanding of property that serves common purposes and therefore both benefits and costs from them were shared. When it comes to the modern Italian system of arranging matrimonial property, it should be noted that only in 1975 was the legal regime of the union of spouses' property introduced, but a different arrangement established by the agreement of the spouses was also allowed. This arrangement was compared in work with the Croatian arrangement of matrimonial property as property acquired by spouses through work during the marriage union and what originates from that property
Digital well-being in the justice system: implications for social work practice
No full textDigitalna dobrobit je višedimenzionalan pojam koji se promatra kao utjecaj tehnologije na psihičko, tjelesno, emocionalno i socijalno zdravlje ljudi. Digitalna dobrobit može se promatrati u mnogim kontekstima, a jedan od njih je sustav pravosuđa. Kako je u današnje vrijeme digitalna transformacija pravosuđa na svome vrhuncu, potrebno je veću pažnju posvetiti upravo digitalnoj dobrobiti korisnika tog sustava te spriječiti na taj način digitalnu isključenost ranjivih skupina poput osoba s invaliditetom, starijih osoba i osoba slabijeg ekonomskog statusa. Upravo o tim skupinama brinu socijalni radnici koji su često suradnici institucijama pravosudnog sustava ili su i sami implementirani u pravosudni sustav. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati postojeću literaturu koja se tiče digitalne transformacije pravosuđa te vidjeti kako ona utječe na digitalnu dobrobit korisnika, ali i stručnjaka tog sustava. Također, raspravit će se implikacije za socijalni rad kojima bi se moglo pomoći najranjivijima i na taj način smanjiti digitalnu isključenost i povećati jednakost, pravednost i dobrobit za sve korisnike. Na samome kraju naglasit će se doprinos tehnologije za budućnost s obzirom na sveopću digitalizaciju koja je prisutna u pravosuđu te socijalnom radu kao i u cjelokupnom društvu i životu.Digital well-being is a multidimensional concept that refers to the impact of technology on individuals’ mental, physical, emotional, and social health. Digital well-being can be examined in various contexts, one of which is the justice system. As the digital transformation of the justice system reaches its peak, it is crucial to pay greater attention to the digital well-being of its users and, in doing so, prevent the digital exclusion of vulnerable groups such as persons with disabilities, the elderly, and individuals with lower economic status. These groups are often supported by social workers, who frequently collaborate with justice system institutions or are directly integrated into the system themselves. The aim of this paper is to analyze existing literature related to the digital transformation of the justice system and explore how it affects the digital well-being of both users and professionals within the system. The paper will also discuss the implications for social work that could help support the most vulnerable and thus reduce digital exclusion while promoting equality, fairness, and well-being for all users. Finally, it will emphasize the contribution of technology to the future, given the widespread digitalization present in the justice system, social work, and society as a whole
Rights of minor children in divorce proceedings
No full textRazvod braka je pravna osnova prestanka braka na temelju odluke suda, a može se provesti sporazumno ili na temelju tužbe jednog od bračnih drugova. U slučaju razvoda bračnih drugova koji imaju zajedničko maloljetno dijete, postupak uključuje dodatne zakonske obveze. Hrvatsko zakonodavstvo predviđa institute kao što su obvezno savjetovanje i obiteljska medijacija, s ciljem zaštite najboljeg interesa djeteta i postizanja dogovora o ključnim pitanjima roditeljske skrbi.
Razvod braka donosi brojne pravne posljedice, osobito za maloljetnu djecu. Zakonodavni okvir i sudska praksa osiguravaju zaštitu prava djeteta, uključujući regulaciju ostvarivanja roditeljske skrbi, ostvarivanje osobnih odnosa s roditeljima, izražavanje djetetovog mišljenja i pitanja uzdržavanja. Sudovi imaju značajnu ulogu u zaštiti dječjih prava kroz donošenje odluka koje pokazuju kako se prava djece nakon razvoda braka ostvaruju u konkretnim slučajevima. Dodatno, razmatrane su presude Europskog suda za ljudska prava koje pružaju uvid u međunarodni kontekst zaštite prava djece u postupku razvoda.
Ovaj rad analizira pravne aspekte utjecaja razvoda braka na maloljetnu djecu i ostvarivanje njihovih zajamčenih prava, uz pregled sudske prakse kojom se osigurava najbolji interes djeteta.Divorce is a legal basis for the dissolution of marriage by a court decision, and it can be carried out either by mutual agreement or based on a lawsuit filed by one of the spouses. In cases where the divorcing spouses have a minor child together, the process involves additional legal obligations. Croatian legislation prescribes institutes, such as mandatory counseling and family mediation, with the aim of protecting the best interests of the child and reaching agreements on key issues of parental care.
Divorce has numerous legal consequences, particularly for minor children. The legislative framework and judicial practice ensure the protection of children's rights, including the regulation of parental care, the child's right to maintain personal relationships with both parents, the expression of their opinions, and matters of child support. Courts play a significant role in safeguarding children's rights by issuing decisions that demonstrate how children's rights are exercised in specific cases following a divorce. Additionally, the analysis includes rulings from the European Court of Human Rights, providing insight into the international context of child protection in divorce proceedings.
This paper examines the legal aspects of the impact of divorce on minor children and the realization of their guaranteed rights, with an overview of judicial practices that ensure the child's well-being
Sexual violence against children
No full textSeksualno nasilje nad djecom predstavlja globalni izazov na čijem suzbijanju aktivno rade međunarodne organizacije u suradnji s nacionalnim zakonodavstvima. Ne postojanje univerzalne definicije te konsenzusa oko dobne granice za slobodno stupanje u spolne odnose mladih, otežavajući su faktori za stvaranje uniformne globalne pravne prakse. Djeca načelno teže progovaraju o nasilju koje trpe zbog nesvjesnosti njegove problematike, ali i zbog emocionalne, financijske i raznih drugih oblika zavisnosti o počinitelju koji je najčešće osoba poznata žrtvi, a nerijetko i među njenim najbližima. Zakonodavac u posebnoj glavi Kaznenog zakona široko penalizira kaznena djela spolnog zlostavljanja i iskorištavanja djece oslanjajući se na međunarodne konvencije i direktive, sve u svrhu što adekvatnije zaštite najosjetljivije skupine žrtava, a ponajviše jer rano otkrivanje kaznenih djela i rad na prevenciji imaju odlučujući učinak na očuvanje kvalitetnog duševnog razvoja i socijalnu integraciju zlostavljane djece.Sexual violence against children represents a global challenge actively adressed by international organizations along with national legislatives. Since there is no universal definition or consensus on age limit for consensual sexual relations among minors, efforts to create an uniform global legal framework are significantly complicated. Children generally speak out less about the abuse they suffer due to unawareness of the problem, but also because of emotional, financial and various other dependencies on the perpetrator, who is most often someone known to the victim, frequently even a family member. Our legislator, in a special section of a Criminal Code, broadly penalizes criminal acts of abuse and exploitation of children, relying on international conventions and directives-all with the aim of providing better protection for the most vulnerable group of victims, especially when early detection of criminal acts and preventive work have a crucial impact on maintaining mental health and the social integration of abused children