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Aviation accidents as the cause for the development of international regulations
No full textOvaj rad analizira kako velike zrakoplovne nesreće djeluju kao okidači za stvaranje i razvoj međunarodne regulative u zračnom prometu. Kroz analizu tri značajne zrakoplovne nesreće, istražuje se utjecaj tih događaja na promjenu sigurnosnih standarda i pravila. Rad obuhvaća ključne mjere regulative usvojene nakon svake nesreće te uspoređuje njihovu učinkovitost i razvoj do danas. Cilj je istaknuti utjecaj zrakoplovnih nesreća na oblikovanje sigurnosti zračnog prometa i razumjeti kako međunarodni sustavi reagiraju na izazove sigurnosti.This thesis analyzes how major aviation accidents act as triggers for the creation and development of international regulations in air traffic. Through the analysis of three significant aviation accidents, the study explores the impact of these events on changes in safety standards and rules. It presents the key regulatory measures adopted following each accident and compares their effectiveness and evolution up to the present day. The aim is to highlight the impact of aviation accidents in shaping aviation safety and to understand how international systems respond to safety challenges
International child abduction: the relationship between the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. and the Brussels II ter Regulation
No full textOvaj rad pruža pregled međunarodne pravne suradnje u području obiteljskog prava s posebnim osvrtom na odnos između Haške konvencije o građanskopravnim vidovima međunarodne otmice djece iz 1980. i Uredbe (EU) o nadležnosti, priznavanju i izvršenju odluka u bračnim sporovima i stvarima povezanima s roditeljskom odgovornošću te o međunarodnoj otmici djece. U radu su prikazani cilj, svrha i područje primjene oba pravna instrumenta. Analizira se kako Uredba, kao sekundarni akt prava Europske unije, nadopunjuje i usklađuje primjenu Konvencije unutar država članica EU, posebno u pogledu hitnog i učinkovitog povratka djeteta u državu njegova uobičajenog boravišta. Međusobna suradnja i odnos ova dva pravna instrumenta prikazan je i kroz sudksu praksu. Poseban fokus stavljen je na suradnju središnjih tijela, postupovna pravila i nadležnost.This paper provides an overview of international legal cooperation in the field of family law, with a particular focus on the relationship between the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. and the Council Regulation (EU) on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, and on international child abduction. The paper presents the objectives, purpose and scope of application of both legal instruments. It analyzes how the Council Regulation, as a secondary act of European Union, complements and harmonizes the application of the Convention within EU member states, particularly regarding the prompt and effective return of a child to the state of their habitual residence. The mutal cooperation and interaction between these two legal instruments are also illustrated through case law. Particular emphasis is placed on the cooperation of central authorities, procedural rules and jurisdiction
Implementation of children's rights in alternative care
No full textOstvarivanje prava djece u alternativnoj skrbi jedno je od ključnih pitanja suvremenih sustava zaštite djece. Djeca izdvojena iz primarnih obiteljskih sredina pripadaju posebno ranjivoj skupini čija su prava često izložena riziku ograničene primjene ili neadekvatne zaštite. U tom kontekstu, osiguravanje pravnog i praktičnog okvira koji uvažava njihovu dobrobit i participaciju ključno je za stvaranje uvjeta za njihov optimalni razvoj. Rad je usmjeren na analizu ostvarivanja prava djece smještene u formalne oblike alternativne skrbi, s naglaskom na udomiteljstvo i institucionalnu skrb u Republici Hrvatskoj. Polazište rada čine temeljna načela Konvencije o pravima djeteta: načelo najboljeg interesa, pravo na život, opstanak i razvoj, načelo nediskriminacije te pravo na sudjelovanje. Kroz analizu postojećih empirijskih istraživanja ukazuje se na ključne izazove u ostvarivanju prava djece te se identificiraju nedostaci u provedbi prava, ali i primjeri dobre prakse. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na izlazak mladih iz sustava skrbi i izazove s kojima se susreću pri osamostaljivanju. Kroz sveobuhvatan prikaz, cilj rada je istaknuti važnost dosljedne primjene dječjih prava te ponuditi konkretne preporuke za unaprjeđenje prakse u području alternativne skrbi.The implementation of children’s rights in alternative care is one of the key issues in contemporary child protection systems. Children separated from their primary family environments belong to a particularly vulnerable group whose rights are often at risk of limited implementation or inadequate protection. In this context, ensuring a legal and practical framework that respects their well-being and participation is crucial for creating conditions for their optimal development. This thesis focuses on the analysis of the implementation of rights of children placed in formal types of alternative care, with an emphasis on foster care and institutional care in the Republic of Croatia. The foundation of the work lies in the fundamental principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child: the best interests of the child, the right to life, survival and development, the principle of non-discrimination, and the right to participation. Through an analysis of existing empirical research, the paper highlights the key challenges in the implementation of children’s rights and identifies deficiencies in rights implementation, as well as examples of good practice. Special emphasis is placed on the transition of young people leaving care and the challenges they face in becoming independent. Through a comprehensive overview, the aim of this work is to emphasize the importance of consistent application of children’s rights and to offer concrete recommendations for improving practices in the field of alternative care
Atypical Forms of Employment and Flexible Working Time of Civil Servants
No full textOvaj završni rad bavi se atipičnim oblicima rada u državnoj službi, s posebnim naglaskom na fleksibilno radno vrijeme i hibridni model rada. Promjene u tehnologiji i društvenim potrebama zahtijevaju prilagodbu tradicionalnih radnih struktura, osobito u državnim institucijama koje moraju odgovoriti na izazove modernog tržišta rada i očekivanja zaposlenika. Rad analizira zakonski okvir; poput Zakona o radu i Zakona o državnim službenicima, koji reguliraju prava i obveze službenika. Fleksibilni oblici rada, potaknuti i pandemijom COVID-19, omogućuju bolje usklađivanje privatnog i poslovnog života, a uvođenje hibridnog modela rada predstavlja ključnu promjenu u državnoj upravi. Ministarstvo pravosuđa i uprave podržalo je ovaj model, osiguravši značajna ulaganja u računalnu opremu i edukaciju zaposlenika, iako nisu svi poslovi prikladni za rad na daljinu, što je važno za razumijevanje mogućnosti i ograničenja fleksibilnih oblika rada u javnom sektoru.This thesis focuses on atypical forms of work in the civil service, with a particular emphasis on flexible working hours and the hybrid work model. Advances in technology and changing social needs demand adjustments in traditional work structures, especially within public institutions that must respond to modern labor market challenges and employee expectations. The study examines relevant legislation, such as the Labor Act and the Civil Servants, which regulate the rights and obligations of civil servants. Flexible work arrangements, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, enable better work-life balance, and the introduction of the hybrid work model represents a significant shift in public administration. The Ministry of Justice and Administration has actively supported this model by investing substantially in computer equipment and employee training. The thesis also highlights that not all jobs are suitable for remote work, which is crucial for understanding the possibilities and limitations of flexible work arrangements in the public sector
The impact of institutional care on children without adequate parental care
No full textU fokusu ovog završnog rada je institucionalni smještaj djece bez odgovarajuće roditeljske skrbi, okolnosti koje dovode do institucionalnog smještaja djece s posebnim fokusom na djecu predškolskog uzrasta. Djeca predškolske dobi predstavljaju posebno ranjivu skupinu jer institucionalni smještaj u ranoj fazi može imati dugotrajne negativne posljedice na njihov emocionalni, socijalni i kognitivni razvoj. Osim toga, u radu su prikazana istraživanja koja govore o iskustvima djece unutar institucija te o posljedicama koje su proizašle iz života u institucionalnom okruženju. Kako bi se bolje razumjele te posljedice, rad se oslanja i na teorije razvoja djeteta i njegovog međudjelovanja s okolinom. Kroz analizu relevantnih dokumenata ističe se važnost pružanja podrške obiteljima te unaprjeđenja sustava skrbi, kako bi se osigurao najbolji interes djeteta.The focus of this final paper is the institutional care of children without adequate parental care, the circumstances that lead to institutional care of children, with a special focus on preschool-aged children. Preschool-aged children represent a particularly vulnerable group because institutional care at an early stage can have long-term negative consequences on their emotional, social, and cognitive development. In addition, the paper presents research that discusses the experiences of children within institutions and the consequences that have resulted from living in an institutional environment. In order to better understand these consequences, the paper also relies on theories of child development and their interaction with the environment. Through the analysis of relevant documents, the importance of providing support to families and improving the care system is emphasized, in order to ensure the best interest of the child
Attitudes of citizens towards the removal of children from their families and foster care
No full textIzdvajanje djece iz obitelji predstavlja najintenzivniji oblik intervencije u području zaštite djece, dok je udomiteljstvo usmjereno na pružanje stabilnog i podržavajućeg okruženja za djecu bez odgovarajuće roditeljske skrbi. Oba aspekta izazivaju snažne reakcije i stavove javnosti zbog čega je cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio istražiti stavove građana prema izdvajanju djece iz obitelji i udomiteljstvu s obzirom na određene karakteristike. Rezultati istraživanja, provedenog na prigodnom uzorku od 249 ispitanika, pokazali su da ispitanici uglavnom izražavaju pozitivne stavove prema izdvajanju djece iz obitelji, pogotovo kada je riječ o zaštiti djetetove dobrobiti, kao i prema udomiteljstvu. Žene su pokazale pozitivnije stavove prema izdvajanju djece iz obitelji u odnosu na muškarce, dok su ispitanici koji imaju kontakt s izdvajanjem djece iz obitelji i udomiteljstvom, te oni koji posjeduju višu razinu samoprocijenjenog znanja, iskazivali pozitivnije stavove u odnosu na ostale. Unutar uzorka nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u stavovima s obzirom na dob, stupanj obrazovanja, mjesto stanovanja, bračni i roditeljski status. Ispitanici su najspremniji udomiti novorođenčad i djecu do sedme godine, dok su starija djeca, djeca s teškoćama u razvoju i djeca nacionalnih manjina vrlo malo zastupljene u preferencijama. Istraživanje je ukazalo na nedostatak informiranosti javnosti o udomiteljstvu, što naglašava potrebu za intenzivnijom promocijom udomiteljstva, destigmatizacijom sustava socijalne skrbi te edukacijom i većom participacijom građana. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja te unapređenje praksi i politika u području socijalne skrbi.Removal of children from their families represents the most intensive form of intervention in the field of child protection, while foster care is aimed at providing a stable and supportive environment for children without adequate parental care. Both aspects evoke strong reactions and attitudes of the population, which is why the aim of this thesis was to explore citizens' attitudes towards the removal of children from their families and foster care, considering specific characteristics. The results of the research, conducted on a convenience sample of 249 respondents, showed that participants generally expressed positive attitudes towards the removal of children from their families, especially when it comes to safeguarding the well-being of the child, as well as towards foster care. Women showed more positive attitudes towards the removal of children compared to men, while respondents who had contact with child removal and foster care, as well as those with a higher level of self-assessed knowledge, demonstrated more positive attitudes than other participants. Within the sample, no statistically significant differences in attitudes were found in terms of age, level of education, place of residence, marital or parental status. Respondents were most willing to foster newborns and children up to the age of seven, while older children, children with developmental disabilities, and children from national minorities were significantly less represented in their preferences. The research highlighted a lack of public awareness about foster care, indicating the need for stronger promotion of foster care, destigmatization of the social welfare system, and increased education and participation of citizens. The findings of this study may serve as a foundation for future research and for the improvement of practices and policies in the field of social welfare
Discrimination against people with disabilities
No full textMnogi pravni dokumenti štite osobe s invaliditetom od diskriminacije. Sama Konvencija o pravima osoba s invaliditetom navodi termin diskriminacije prema invaliditetu. Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti diskriminacije osoba s invaliditetom u različitim područjima života osoba s invaliditetom. U radu je prikazana diskriminacija osoba s invaliditetom u aspektu tržišta rada, diskriminacija na radnome mjestu, obrazovnom sustavu, zdravstvenom sustavu i prema roditeljstvu osoba s invaliditetom. Unatoč brojnim pravnim dokumentima i propisima, rezultati ovoga rada ukazuju na diskriminaciju s kojom se osobe s invaliditetom svakodnevno susreću kroz različite životne situacije u različitim ustanovama. Osobe s invaliditetom imaju manje šanse da će biti zaposlene, nižu plaću te doživljavaju diskriminaciju na radnome mjestu. Nejednakosti se događaju u obrazovnom sustavu i u zdravstvenim ustanovama. Također, osobe s invaliditetom imaju pravo na ostvarivanje kao roditelja, ali na tome putu susreću se s brojnim preprekama i predrasudama. Potreban je daljnji rad na implementaciji pravnih propisa i zalaganju za jednakosti.Many legal documents protect persons with disabilities from discrimination. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities itself uses the term discrimination on the basis of disability. The aim of this paper was to examine discrimination against persons with disabilities in various areas of life. The paper presents discrimination faced by persons with disabilities in the labor market, in the workplace, in the education system, in the healthcare system, and in relation to parenthood. Despite numerous legal documents and regulations, the results of this paper indicate that persons with disabilities face discrimination in their daily lives across different situations and institutions. Persons with disabilities have fewer opportunities for employment, lower wages, and often experience discrimination at work. Inequality also occurs in the education and healthcare systems. Additionally, while persons with disabilities have the right to become parents, they encounter many obstacles and prejudices along the way. Further efforts are needed to implement legal provisions and promote equality
Professional burnout in the early stage of social workers careers
No full textOvaj rad se bavi analizom literature koja istražuje problem profesionalnog sagorijevanja u ranoj fazi karijere socijalnih radnika. U prvom dijelu rada prikazuju se osnovna obilježja profesionalnog stresa i sagorijevanja, uz navođenje definicija ovih kompleksnih fenomena. Nadalje, rad se usredotočuje na prepoznavanje rizičnih čimbenika koji mogu pridonijeti razvoju sagorijevanja, kako na individualnoj, tako i na organizacijskoj i društvenoj razini. Uz rizične čimbenike jednako je važno osvijetliti i one čimbenike koji mogu djelovati zaštitno u tom procesu. Postoji niz resursa koji mogu ublažiti negativne učinke zahtjevnog radnog okruženja i doprinijeti očuvanju profesionalne dobrobiti novozaposlenih socijalnih radnika koji su navedeni u nastavku rada. U završnom dijelu razmatraju se različite strategije suočavanja s izazovima profesije, s naglaskom na jačanje otpornosti i očuvanje profesionalne dobrobiti socijalnih radnika. Kroz pregled literature nastoji se ukazati na važnost pravovremenog prepoznavanja i adresiranja ovog problema, kako bi se novokvalificiranim socijalnim radnicima pružila potrebna podrška u očuvanju motivacije, profesionalnog razvoja i kvalitete pružanja usluga korisnicima.This paper presents a literature review that explores the issue of professional burnout in the early career stage of social workers. The first part of the paper outlines the main characteristics of professional stress and burnout, includin definitions of these complex phenomena. Furthermore, the paper focuses on identifying risk factors that may contribute to the development of burnout at individual, organizational and societal level. Alongside the risk factors, it is equally important to highlight the protective factors that can mitigate this process. A range of resources that can alleviate the negative effects of a demanding work environment and contribute to preserving the professional well-being of newly employed social workers are discussed. In the final section, various coping strategies for addressing the callenges of the profession are examined, with an emphasis on strengthening ressilience and maintaining the professional well-being of social workers. Through this literature review, the importance of early recognition and intervention in addressing this issue is emphasized, in order to provide newly qualified social workers with the necessary support to maintain their motivation, professional development and the quality of services provided to clients
Quality of life among individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder
No full textOvaj rad bavi kvalitetom života osoba oboljelih od depresivnog poremećaja, naglašavajući široki utjecaj depresije na svakodnevni život, međuljudske odnose, radnu sposobnost i emocionalno funkcioniranje. Depresija je sveprisutan javnozdravstveni problem koji može znatno umanjiti osjećaj zadovoljstva životom te otežati uključivanje u društvene aktivnosti i ostvarivanje osobnih ciljeva. U radu se analizira povezanost depresije sa smanjenom socijalnom podrškom, stigmatizacijom, otežanim zapošljavanjem i izazovima u pristupu liječenju. Posebna pažnja posvećena je važnosti psihoterapije, socioterapije i uloge socijalnih radnika u zdravstvenom sustavu. Također se ističe značaj obitelji i zajednice u procesu oporavka. Zaključuje se kako je za unaprjeđenje kvalitete života osoba s depresijom ključno osigurati dostupnu podršku, raditi na smanjenju predrasuda te omogućiti uključivanje u radne i društvene aktivnosti koje jačaju osjećaj vrijednosti i pripadnosti.This final thesis explores the quality of life among individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder, highlighting the extensive impact depression has on daily life, interpersonal relationships, work capacity, and emotional well-being. Depression is a widespread public health issue that can greatly diminish life satisfaction and hinder participation in social activities and the achievement of personal goals. The paper explores the connection between depression and reduced social support, stigmatization, employment difficulties, and treatment accessibility. It emphasizes the importance of psychotherapy, sociotherapy, and the role of social workers within the healthcare system. The supportive role of family and community in the recovery process is also discussed. The conclusion underlines that improving the quality of life for people with depression requires accessible support systems, efforts to reduce stigma, and opportunities for engagement in work and social life that strengthen self-worth and a sense of belonging
The protection of national minorities within the framework of the Council of Europe
No full textNacionalne manjine predstavljaju važan i neizostavan dio društvene, kulturne i etničke raznolikosti brojnih država diljem svijeta. Riječ je o skupinama osoba koje se, iako su državljani države u kojoj žive, po svom etničkom podrijetlu, jeziku, kulturi, vjeri ili drugim identitetskim obilježjima razlikuju od većinske populacije i često zadržavaju snažnu povezanost s vlastitom nacionalnom zajednicom uključujući povijesne, jezične i kulturne posebnosti. Zaštitom nacionalnih manjina na europskoj regionalnoj razini prvenstveno se bavi Vijeće Europe kroz pravni mehanizam zaštite koji pružaju Konvencija za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda i pripadajući protokoli. U tom kontekstu važno je djelovanje Europskog suda za ljudska prava koji u slučaju postojanja povreda prava zajamčenih Konvencijom i protokolima donosi presude obvezujuće za države stranke Konvencije. Europski sustav zaštite ljudskih prava Vijeća Europe tijekom godina je dopunjen nizom drugih dokumenata koji su proširili i osuvremenili postojeći sustav poput Okvirne konvencije o pravima nacionalnih manjina. Riječ je o prvom mnogostranom pravno obvezujućem dokumentu koji je posvećen zaštiti manjina u Europi. Svrha Okvirne konvencije je zaštita manjina na području država stranaka Okvirne konvencije. Uz to, Okvirna konvencija želi ostvariti potpunu izjednačenost nacionalnih manjina s ostalim većinskim stanovništvom i stvara prikladne uvjete koji nacionalnim manjinama pružaju zaštitu i razvoj njihove kulture. U ovom diplomskom radu prikazuje se zaštita nacionalnih manjina unutar okvira Vijeća Europe s naglaskom na Okvirnu konvenciju za zaštitu nacionalnih manjina. U radu se ističu prednosti regionalne regulative u smislu konkretnije razrađenih standarda i učinkovitijih mehanizama nadzora. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na analizu sadržaja Okvirne konvencije, njezinih načela, ciljeva i pravnih ograničenja, pri čemu se problematizira i izostanak univerzalno prihvaćene definicije nacionalnih manjina. U radu su predstavljena temeljna prava koja Konvencija jamči pripadnicima manjina, kao i mehanizmi njezine provedbe koje provode Odbor ministara i Savjetodavni odbor Vijeća Europe.National minorities represent an important and indispensable part of the social, cultural and ethnic diversity of numerous states around the world. These are groups of people who, although they are citizens of the state in which they live, differ from the majority population in terms of their ethnic origin, language, culture, religion or other identity characteristics and often retain strong connections with their own national community, including historical, linguistic and cultural specificities. The protection of national minorities at the European regional level is primarily dealt with by the Council of Europe through the legal protection mechanism provided by the European convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms and the related protocols. In this context, the activities of the European Court of Human Rights are important, which, in case of violations of the rights guaranteed by the Convention and the protocols, renders judgments binding on the states parties to the Convention. Over the years, the European system of human rights protection of the Council of Europe has been supplemented by a number of other documents that have expanded and modernized the existing system, such as the Framework Convention on the Rights of National Minorities. It is the first multilateral legally binding document dedicated to the protection of minorities in Europe. The purpose of the Framework Convention is the protection of minorities in the territory of the states parties to the Framework Convention. In addition, the Framework Convention aims to achieve complete equality of national minorities with the majority of the population and creates appropriate conditions that provide national minorities with the protection and development of their culture. This thesis presents the protection of national minorities within the framework of the Council of Europe with an emphasis on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The paper highlights the advantages of the regional regulation in terms of more specifically developed standards and more effective monitoring mechanisms. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the content of the Framework Convention, its principles, objectives and legal limitations, while the problem of the absence of a universally accepted definition of national minorities is also analyzed. The paper also analyzes the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Convention to members of minorities, as well as the mechanisms for its implementation implemented by the Committee of Ministers and the Advisory Committee of the Council of Europe