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Multi-jet production in deep inelastic scattering with Pythia
No full textWe introduce multi-jet merging for deep inelastic scattering in the Vincia parton shower in the Monte Carlo event generator Pythia 8. Merging combines event samples of different parton multiplicities with logarithmically enhanced parton-shower radiation. We consider up to five outgoing partons using two different merging algorithms. We vary the relevant scale choices and compare to experimental data by the H1 collaboration at the HERA collider. Results show that multi-jet merging improves the description to data, especially for low virtuality events, and that jet cross-sections converge when the partonic multiplicity exceeds the number of reconstructed jets.Peer reviewe
Status and performance of the ALICE Fast Interaction Trigger
No full textThe ALICE apparatus at CERN has undergone significant upgrade during the LHC's Long Shutdown 2 to increase the experiment's rate capability and measurement precision for Run 3 and Run 4. One of the key detectors newly introduced to the experiment is the Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT). Featuring minimal dead time, FIT provides a comprehensive trigger menu, including the minimum bias trigger with an efficiency exceeding 90% in proton-proton collisions. It also provides centrality, event plane and background measurement capabilities. Precision of the collision time measurements performed by FIT reached remarkable values of σ = 17 ps in proton-proton collisions and σ = 4.4 ps in Pb-Pb collisions. This paper details FIT's design, performance, and the technical novelties made to meet the stringent environmental requirements of ALICE.Peer reviewe
Engrafting gut bacteriophages have potential to modulate microbial metabolism in fecal microbiota transplantation
No full textBackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is widely used to treat severe infections and investigated for the treatment of complex diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of FMT is related to the successful engraftment of bacteriophages from healthy donors to recipients. However, gut bacteriophage contributions to FMT engraftment and treatment outcomes remain unclear.MethodsThe gut phageome from previously published metagenomes of donors and recipients across 23 FMT studies was assembled and functionally annotated for a meta-analysis.ResultsGut phageome profiles of FMT recipients, especially those with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), shifted toward donor phageomes, accompanied by increased phageome alpha diversity. Engraftment of donor phages varied between recipient conditions with the highest engraftment rate, overrepresented by putative temperate phage, in patients with rCDI. Consistently, a higher proportion of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), with the potential to support and modulate bacterial metabolism, were annotated on putative temperate phages.ConclusionsFMT leads to significant taxonomic, functional, and lifestyle shifts in recipient phageome composition. Future FMT studies should include gut phageome characterization and consider it as a potential factor in microbial community shifts and treatment outcomes.-G1oHZCF2wv-7sDo5fAhHeVideo AbstractConclusionsFMT leads to significant taxonomic, functional, and lifestyle shifts in recipient phageome composition. Future FMT studies should include gut phageome characterization and consider it as a potential factor in microbial community shifts and treatment outcomes.-G1oHZCF2wv-7sDo5fAhHeVideo AbstractPeer reviewe
EU:n yritysvastuudirektiivin kulisseissa : Sääntelykaappauksen mekanismien ilmeneminen EU:n yritysvastuudirektiivin lobbauksessa
No full textKesällä 2024 Euroopan unioni otti merkittävän askeleen kohti vastuullisempaa yritysmaailmaa hyväksyessään direktiivin yritysten kestävää toimintaa koskevasta huolellisuusvelvoitteesta, jonka myötä yritysten tulee entistä tehokkaammin tunnistaa, ehkäistä ja poistaa toimistaan johtuvia haitallisia ympäristö- ja ihmisoikeusvaikutuksia. Laajemmin yritysvastuudirektiivinä tunnettu direktiivi on mielenkiintoinen tutkimusaihe, sillä sen lainsäädäntöprosessiin on kohdistunut poikkeuksellisen paljon intensiivistä lobbausta, joka kasvattaa sääntelykaappauksen (regulatory capture) riskiä, eli riskiä sääntelyn ohjautumisesta pois päin yleisestä edusta kohti sääntelyn kohteen yksityisiä intressejä.
Tässä tutkielmassa tutkin sääntelykaappauksen mekanismien ilmenemistä direktiivin lobbauksessa analysoimalla kahdeksan vaikutusvaltaisen elinkeinoelämän etujärjestön vastauksia komission kuulemiseen yritysten kestävästä hallintotavasta. Valikoin etujärjestöt tutkielmaan toteuttamani sähköpostikyselyn, aihetta käsittelevien tutkimusten ja selvitysten sekä mediamateriaalin perusteella. Laadullisen sisällönanalyysin avulla erittelen vastauksista sääntelykaappauksen tiedollisia- ja kulttuurillisia mekanismeja, eli keinoja, joilla sääntelyä pyritään muokkaamaan syöttämällä prosessiin informaatiota sekä muokkaamalla sääntelyn sanastoa, kuvastoa ja kulttuurisia käsityksiä.
Tutkielman analyysin pohjalta voidaan todeta, että etujärjestöt ovat hyödyntäneet erityisesti tiedollisia ja kulttuurisia sääntelykaappauksen mekanismeja pyrkiessään vaikuttamaan yritysvastuudirektiivin sisältöihin. Tiedolliset mekanismit ilmenevät vastauksissa siten, että etujärjestöt tuottavat runsaasti informaatiota joustavamman, vähemmän sitovan ja vapaavalintaisiin toimiin perustuvan sääntelyn hyödyistä, ja toisaalta tiukan sääntelyn haitoista. Kulttuuriset mekanismit ilmenevät, kun etujärjestöt pyrkivät muokkaamaan keskustelua yritysten roolista ihmisoikeus- ja ympäristötoimijana siirtämällä vastuuta vastuullisuustoimista muille tahoille sekä korostamalla nykyisten vastuullisuustoimien ja lakikehikon riittävyyttä. Työni kontribuoi lobbausta koskevaan kirjallisuuteen kolmella tavalla: tuottamalla empiiristä tietoa yritysvastuudirektiiviin kohdistuneesta lobbauksesta, tuottamalla tietoa siitä, miten sääntelykaappauksen mekanismit toimivat sekä osallistumalla laajempaan keskusteluun yritysten yhteiskunnallisesta vastuusta sekä lobbareiden vallasta Euroopan unionin ympäristöä ja ihmisoikeuksia koskevassa lainsäädännössä
SmartPV-AIoT : an AIoT-integrated framework for fault diagnosis and remote monitoring in photovoltaic systems
No full textThis paper presents SmartPV-AIoT, a cost-effective and edge-computing-based framework for real-time fault detection and environmental monitoring in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Addressing the challenges faced in remote or intermittently connected environments, the proposed system integrates electrical and environmental sensor data using a Raspberry Pi 4 and NodeMCU microcontroller. A lightweight Res-BiLSTM model, combining residual learning and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layers, is deployed at the edge to perform local fault classification by analyzing seven key parameters derived from I to V curve measurements and ambient conditions. Additionally, the framework employs multi-sensor data fusion by integrating voltage, current, irradiance, and temperature measurements to support comprehensive fault detection and predictive maintenance. The framework was validated on a 4.56 kW PV installation using a dataset of 2400 labeled samples representing normal operation, open-circuit, short-circuit, and partial shading conditions. The classifier achieved a fault detection accuracy of 96.67 %, with a maximum inference latency of 290 ms and low power overhead, making it suitable for real-time, on-site diagnostics. The system supports offline operation with automatic data synchronization upon connectivity restoration and includes mobile-based monitoring for remote accessibility. The proposed framework is designed for modular deployment and scales linearly with array size. Overall, SmartPVAIoT offers a scalable, resilient, and practical solution for intelligent PV monitoring, particularly in resourceconstrained or off-grid environments.Peer reviewe
Modeling soil functions of forested ecosystems
No full textForests deliver essential ecosystem services that can be impacted by climate, land use and above ground biodiversity changes. Assessment of such impacts can be achieved through ecosystem modeling of interlinked above-and below-ground processes. In this study, the one-dimensional Integrated Critical Zone (1D-ICZ) model was used to simulate the soil functions of two mature forested ecosystems: Zobelboden in Austria and Hyytiala in Finland. Both are long-term ecosystem research (LTER) sites with extensive monitoring data. The model was initialized and calibrated using long-term observations and simulated the gross primary production (GPP), the total soil C stock and the concentrations of several components of soil chemistry. The C and N content of Zobelboden soils (82.55 tC/ha and 3.76 tN/ha) are higher than Hyytiala (38.61 tC/ha and 1.33 tN/ha) reflecting higher particulate organic matter (POM) accumulation. Temperature and light were found to be the primary limiting factors of plant growth in both sites, and precipitation a limiting factor only at Hyytiala. Regarding the quantification of soil functions at Zobelboden, GPP was 15.6 tC/ha/yr, soil C stock 82.6 tC/ha, N stock 3.8 tN/ha and soil CO2 flux 0.04 tC/ha/yr while for Hyytiala, GPP was 11.6 tC/ha/yr, soil C stock 38.6 tC/ha, N stock 1.3 tN/ha and soil CO2 flux 0.03 tC/ha/yr. The model can be used to understand the limitations of plant growth and carbon sequestration, processes significant to climate mitigation.Peer reviewe
Homogeenisempi hiPSC-adiposyyttiviljelmä tymidylaattisyntaasin toiminnan estolla
No full textSafe and efficient cell therapy requires homogeneous cell culture and adipocytes are a potential therapeutic target, because they are mature, non-proliferative, and metabolically active cell type. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) hold a great promise in cell therapy as they differentiate into multiple different cell types, such as adipocytes. However, most differentiation protocols for hiPSC-derived adipocytes produce heterogeneous cultures due to embryoid body (EB) formation and overconfluency which may hamper cell therapy applications.
The present study aims to investigate whether thymidine depletion enables more homogenous adipocyte cultures derived from thymidylate synthase knock-out (TYMS KO) hiPSC. Thymidine depletion could act as a “safety switch” to prevent undesirable cell proliferation. We compared wild type (WT) hiPSCs (HEL24.3) with thymidine depleted and thymidine supplemented TYMS KO adipocyte cultures. We characterized the adipocytes by the typical cell morphology (lipid specific stainings) and the expression of adipocyte markers on RNA and protein level (quantitative PCR, immunocytochemical staining and immunoblotting). Stromal vascular fraction -derived adipocytes express the same adipocyte markers. To determine adipogenesis and number of adipocytes, we imaged BODIPY- and nuclear -stained adipocytes using cell imaging system IncuCyte and analyzed images withFast Adipogenesis Tracking System (FATS) algorithm.
Thymidine depletion in TYMS KO adipocyte culture does not present a reliably higher yield of adipocytes after a 30-day differentiation. The results suggest that thymidine depletion leads to more stressed cells and smaller adipocytes compared to WT.Turvallinen ja tehokas soluterapia edellyttää puhdasta ja tasakoosteista soluviljelmää, ja rasvasolut ovat potentiaalinen terapeuttinen kohde, koska ne ovat täysin erilaistuneita, jakautumattomia ja metabolisesti aktiivisia. Ihmisen indusoidut pluripotentit kantasolut (hiPSCs) ovat merkittävä soluterapian tutkimuskohde, koska ne erilaistuvat useiksi eri solutyypeiksi, kuten rasvasoluiksi. Useimmat hiPSC-rasvasolujen erilaistusprotokollat tuottavat heterogeenisen rasvasoluviljelmän, koska ne perustuvat spontaanisti erilaistuviin soluaggregaatteihin (eng. embryoid bodies, EB) sekä solujen ylimäärään kasvatusmaljalla.
Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittää, lisääkö toimimaton tymidylaattisyntaasi (TYMS KO) rasvasoluviljelmien homogeenisuutta tymidiinilisän loputtua. Tymidiinilisän lopettaminen voisi olla ”turvakatkaisija” rajoittaen erilaistumattomien solujen jakautumista. Vertailimme hiPSC villityyppi HEL24.3 - ja TYMS KO -rasvasoluviljelmiä, joille toistuvasti annettiin tai lopetettiin tymidiinilisä. Rasvasolujen tunnistaminen perustuu morfologiaan ja lipidien kertymiseen sekä rasvasoluille ominaisten proteiinien ja RNA-molekyylien ekspressioon. Määrittelimme adipogeneesin ja rasvasolujen määrän BODIPY- ja tumavärjäyksellä, kuvaamalla IncuCyte ja analysoimalla kuvat Fast Adipogenesis Tracking System (FATS) algoritmilla.
TYMS KO -rasvasoluviljelmän tymidiinilisän lopettaminen ei tuottanut luotettavasti enempää ja puhtaampaa rasvasoluviljelmää kolmekymmentä päivää kestävän erilaistuksen jälkeen. Sen sijaan tymiidiinilisän lopettaminen vaikutti aiheuttavan stressaantuneita ja pienempiä rasvasoluja verrattuna villityypin rasvasoluihin
Temperature affects reptarenavirus growth in a permissive host-derived<i> in</i><i> vitro</i> model
No full textReptarenaviruses cause Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD), a lethal disease primarily affecting captive boa constrictors. The presence of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs), mainly composed of viral nucleoprotein (NP), in various cell types is characteristic to and a diagnostic criterion of BIBD. We have previously reported that reptarenavirus replication and IB formation are efficient in cell cultures that are maintained at 27-30 degrees C but not in cells that are kept at 37 degrees C, the temperature commonly used for mammalian cell cultures. Here, considering the poikilothermic nature of snakes, we studied the ideal temperature(s) for reptarenavirus propagation and the expression of reptarenavirus NP. We incubated Boa constrictor kidney-derived I/1Ki cells at different temperatures (24-36 degrees C), inoculated them with University of Giessen virus 1 (UGV-1) and monitored both cell growth and virus proliferation. Cell growth was optimal at 30-34 degrees Cand was not significantly affected by UGV-1 infection. Viral RNA release per cell was highest at ambient temperatures between 28 and 32 degrees C, as determined by qRT-PCR. However, the cells passaged at day 15 post-inoculation released viral RNA at comparable levels even when kept at slightly lower temperatures (24-26 degrees C). Morphometric analyses undertaken on sections of cell pellets immunostained for reptarenavirus NP found the expression to be most intense at 32 and 34 degrees C in freshly inoculated cells, and at 28-32 degrees C in passaged cells. The NP expression positively correlated with the amount of viral RNA released per cell. Our results indicate that the optimal temperature ranges for boid cell growth and reptarenavirus replication (as judged based on antigen expression and RNA release) overlap at about 32 degrees C. They also suggest that environmental temperature modulation could represent a strategy to impair reptarenavirus replication and, potentially, the spread of reptarenaviruses within and between snake collections.Peer reviewe
Digital service orientation : unlocking servitization in service operations and service sales
No full textPurpose: Manufacturers increasingly harness digital technologies in their servitization efforts. However, the research has mainly focused on higher-level aspects of servitization, often overlooking the role of organizational routines at the firm-customer interface. This especially concerns two key customer-facing functions, service operations and service sales. This study explores how digital service orientation can be induced within these units’ organizational routines. Design/methodology/approach: Survey data from 534 respondents (270 in service operations and 264 in service sales) from a market-leading manufacturing corporation implementing a digital service strategy were analyzed with a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Findings: The analysis uncovers alternative configurations of routine elements that induce digital service orientation in customer-facing units. These configurations combine four core routine elements: technology foresight, adaptability, agility, and rule-bending. Notably, distinct cross-functional patterns—assertive, responsive, and nimble—emerge across service operations and sales. Practical implications: For managers, the cross-functional patterns offer a useful tool for inducing digital service orientation across customer-facing functions. Originality/value: This exploratory study advances servitization research by identifying cross-functional patterns that induce digital service orientation. The findings reveal a surprising degree of homogeneity between service operations and sales, with greater alignment than previously assumed. This study also highlights the role of rule-bending in managing the often-overlooked tensions inherent in digital service strategies. Additionally, it points to a more limited role of customer focus, particularly in the context of intermediate services.Peer reviewe
