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Communication systems in maritime
No full textSustav pomorskih komunikacija je u velikoj mjeri bitan faktor sigurnog i učinkovitog obavljanja pomorskih radnji. Pomorsku komunikaciju čine dva ključna segmenta, a to su unutarnja i vanjska komunikacija na brodu. Pomoću unutarnjih komunikacija na brodu se može jamčiti pravilna i optimalna suradnja čovjeka i stroja. Štoviše, vanjski oblik komunikacije se odnosi na vezu, interakciju te razmjenu informacija između broda i sudionika komunikacije. Ti sudionici su najčešće drugi brodovi ili obalne stanice. Oba načina komunikacije ovise o njihovim pripadajućim komponentama od kojih svaka ima utjecaj na proces same komunikacije. Sama podjela tog sustava na vanjski i unutarnji oblik komuniciranja upućuje i na neke razlike među njima. Uz to važne su i međunarodne pomorske organizacije koje su značajne za cijeli taj sustav.The maritime communications system is an important factor in maritime activities' safe and efficient performance. Maritime communication consists of two key segments, internal and external communication on board ships. With the help of internal communications, proper and optimal cooperation between man and machine can be guaranteed. Moreover, the external form of communication refers to the connection, interaction and exchange of information between the ship and other participants. These participants are in most cases other ships or stations located on the coast. Both methods of communication depend on their respective components, each of which has an impact on the process of communication itself. The very classification of external and internal forms of communication points to some differences between each other. It is also important to mention international maritime organizations which are important and significant for the entire system
Mobile robot TI-RSLK line-follower
No full textRad se zasniva na izradi Texas Instruments mobilnog robota, koji obavlja funkciju praćenja linije pomoću infracrvenih senzora smještenih na donjoj povrsini robota, te medusobnom komunikacijom izmedu senzora i mikrokontrolera (TI MSP432) povezanih u povratnu petlju. U radu je opsirno opisan nacin rada robota i pojedinih senzora preko Energie, sucelja koji omogućuje jednostavniju interakciju Texas Instruments mikrokontrolera, temeljen na Arduino (Arduino IDE) sucelju. Primjena ovakvog robota je široka zbog toga sto mogu obavljati svoju funkciju bez ikakvog nadzora, odnosno rade kao autonomna/automatski vodena vozila koja olaksavaju rad u industrijskoj proizdvodnji, vojsci, kucanstvu te za navigaciju tj. usmjeravanje ljudi u objektima poput ustanova, zgrada, trgovina i sl.This work is based on the making of a Texas Instruments mobile robot, which performs a line-following function utilizing the infrared sensors positioned on the underside of the robot and with communication between sensors and microcontroller (TI MSP432) which are connected in a feedback loop. This paper consists a detailed description of how this robot and individual sensors work via Energia, an interface which enables simpler interaction with Texas Instruments microcontrollers, based on the Arduino (Arduino IDE) interface. The application of this type of robot is wide because they can perform their function without any supervision, in example they work as autonomus/automatically driven vehicles that facilitate work in industrial production, military applications, households and for navigation in example directing people through institutions, buildings and shops
Marine communication protocols
No full textKomunikacijski mrežni protokoli na brodovima su specifični za tu domenu, imaju posebne značajke koje omogućuju implementiranje uređaja različitih namjena ugrađenih na brodovima. U ovom radu obrađujemo i analiziramo uobičajene i najčešće korištene komunikacijske protokole koji se primjenjuju na brodovima. Najčešće korišteni mrežni komunikacijski protokoli koje ćemo analizirati u ovom radu su: TCP/IP, NMEA 0183, NMEA 2000, OneNet, AIS, DSC. Neki od protokola imaju ograničenja u smislu tehnologije i sigurnosti, poput NMEA 0183 i AIS a noviji protokoli poput NMEA 2000 i kompatibilni protokoli, pružaju veće mogućnosti i višu razinu sigurnosti podataka.Communication network protocols on ships are specific to this domain, having special features that allow you to implement devices of different purposes built on ships. In this paper, we process and analyze the usual and most commonly used communication protocols that apply on ships The most common network communication protocols that we will analyze in this paper are NMEA 2000, NMEA 0183, TCP/IP, OneNet, AIS, DSC. Some of the protocols have limits in terms of technology and safety, such as NMEA 0183 and AIS and newer protocols such as NMEA 2000 and compatible protocol provide greater opportunities and higher data security levels
POF : plastic optical fiber
No full textU ovom radu opisana su plastična optička vlakna kao nova tehnologija i budućnost optičkih vlakana. Uporaba plastičnih optičkih vlakana i kabela sve je rasprostranjenija u raznim područjima. Vlakna se koriste u pomorstvu za komunikaciju na brodu, senzorici, automobilskoj industriji, medicini, zrakoplovstvu, kućama i drugdje. Plastična vlakna su jeftinija za izradu i fleksibilnija u odnosu na staklena optička vlakna. U radu je opisana povijest POF-a i usporedba plastične i silicijeve niti. Navedeni su gubici prijenosa i prijenosni kapacitet. Opisani su materijali od kojih je napravljeno plastičko optičko vlakno. Objašnjene su vrste vlakana, opisane su tehnike izrade POF-a i prikazane mjerne metode i mjerni instrumenti. Kabeli s optičkim nitima su podijeljeni na strukturu i na vrste kabela. Nakon analize prikazana je i primjena plastičnih vlakana i kabela kako u pomorstvu tako i u drugim industrijama.In this paper, plastic optical fibers are described as a new technology and the future of optical fibers. The use of plastic optical fibers and cables is increasingly widespread in various areas. Fiber is used in maritime communications for ships, sensors, automotive, medicine, aviation, homes and elsewhere. Plastic fibers are cheaper to manufacture and more flexible than glass optical fibers. The paper describes history of POF and the comparison of tables. Transmission losses and transmission capacity are listed. The materials from which the plastic optical fiber is made are described. Types of fibers are explained, POF production techniques are described, and measuring methods and measuring instruments are presented. Fiber optic cables are divided into structure and cable types. After the analysis, the application of plastic fibers and cables in both maritime and other industries is presented
Ship recycling and international hazardous material certificate.
No full textRecikliranje brodova industrija je u kojoj se demontiraju čelik i ostali materijali koji su pogodni za ponovnu uporabu. Postoji više metoda demontaže broda od kojih je najpoznatija metoda nasukavanja broda na plažu. Brodovi koji su na kraju svojega životnoga vijeka većinom odlaze u zemlje Azijskog potkontinenta (Indija, Bangladeš, Pakistan). U tim zemljama zanemarivana su prava radnika i njihova sigurnost tako i briga o očuvanju okoliša. Iako su problemi zbrinjavanja opasnih materijala na kopnu odavno prepoznati i poduzete su odgovarajuće mjere te doneseni odgovarajući propisi, oni se nisu svugdje primjenjivali u odnosu na brodove. U svrhu postavljanja zahtjeva s obzirom na ekološki razborito zbrinjavanje brodova Međunarodna pomorska organizacija usvojila je odgovarajuću konvenciju u tom smislu. U ovom radu donijet je kratki osvrt na industriju recikliranja brodova, prikazana odgovarajuća legislativa, smjernice i zahtjevi za njezinu provedbu te prikazana priprema, analiza i proces izdavanja odgovarajuće međunarodne svjedodžbe na stvarnom primjeru broda. U radu je opisana studija slučaja, prikazan je princip rada, priprema, analiza i izdavanje svjedodžbe o opasnim materijalima.Ship recycling is an industry in which steel and other materials suitable for reuse are dismantled. There are several methods for scrapping a ship, the best known of which is the method of beaching. Ships that have reached the end of their service life usually go to the countries of the Asian subcontinent (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan). In these countries, the rights of workers and their safety, as well as the protection of the environment, have been neglected. Although the problem of disposal of hazardous materials on land has been known for a long time and appropriate measures have been taken and regulations issued, they have not been applied everywhere with regard to ships. In order to set requirements for the environmentally sound disposal of ships, the International Maritime Organization has adopted a convention to this effect. This paper gives a brief overview of the ship recycling industry, presents the relevant legislation, guidelines and requirements for its implementation, and presents the preparation analysis and the process of issuing the relevant international certificate using a real example of a ship. The paper describes a case study, shows the principle of work, preparation, analysis and issuance of a hazardous materials certificate
Analysis of the freight and newbuild ship market with reference to the COVID 19 crisis
No full textVozarina je naknada za obavljeni prijevoz stvari ili putnika koju je naručitelj prijevoza ili putnik dužan platiti prijevozniku. Uvjeti plaćanja vozarine u ugovoru mogu biti unaprijed ili na krajnjem odredištu. Ovisno o tome, ili naručitelj prijevoza ili primatelj robe može biti stvarno odgovoran za plaćanje vozarine u slučaju prijevoza tereta. Brodogradnja je naziv sektora gospodarstva koji se bavi novogradnjom brodova. Prednost novih brodova je u tome što su tehnički i tehnološki sofisticiraniji, opremljeni suvremenijom opremom koja je jeftinija za održavanje, imaju duži životni vijek od rabljenih brodova, što omogućuje više plaćanje brodovlasniku.Freight is the compensation for the transportation of goods or passengers that the person ordering the transportation or the passenger is obliged to pay to the carrier. The terms of freight payment in the contract can be in advance or at the final destination. Depending on this, either the customer of the transport or the consignee of the goods may be actually responsible for the payment of the freight in the case of cargo transport. Shipbuilding is the name of the sector of the economy that deals with the construction of new ships. The advantage of new ships is that they are technically and technologically more sophisticated, equipped with more modern equipment that is cheaper to maintain, have a longer life span than used ships, which enables higher payments to the shipowner
Information systems security
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu obrađena je tema sigurnosti informacijskih sustava. U sklopu rada prikazane su informacije o informacijskim sustavima, sigurnost informacijskih sustava i metode zaštite informacijskih sigurnosti. Informacijska sigurnost skup je mjera i tehnika koje se koriste za kontrolu i zaštitu svih podataka kojima se rukuje. Kod informacijske sigurnosti riječ ranjivost odnosi se na slabost u sustavu, koja dopušta napadaču narušavanje povjerljivosti, integriteta, dostupnosti, kontrole pristupa i dosljednosti sustava ili njegovih podataka i aplikacija. Ranjivost je rezultat grešaka ili nedostataka u dizajnu sustava. U širem smislu može biti i rezultat tehnoloških ograničenja. Kada se velike količine podataka ili informacija elektronički pohranjuju, ranjive su na mnoge vrste prijetnji. Nedostatak sigurnosti pristupa ili također nedostatak sigurnosti u načinu komuniciranja i prijenosa informacija na internetu može biti opasan do te mjere da hakeri mogu uzeti te informacije.This thesis deals with the topic of security of information systems. As part of the work, information on information systems, security of information systems and methods of protection of information security are presented. Information security is a set of measures and techniques used to control and protect all data handled. In information security, the word vulnerability refers to a weakness in a system that allows an attacker to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, availability, access control, and consistency of the system or its data and applications. Vulnerabilities are the result of errors or flaws in system design. In a broader sense, they can also be the result of technological limitations. When large amounts of data or information are stored electronically, they are vulnerable to many types of threats. The lack of security of access or also the lack of security in the way of communicating and transferring information on the Internet can be dangerous to the extent that hackers can take this information
Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes
No full textCarbon emissions generated by the transportation sector represent a large part of total greenhouse gas emissions and are thus subject to various policies and initiatives for emission reduction and the development of sustainable transportation networks. Furthermore, passenger transportation generates a significant amount of emissions within this sector, especially in those countries with large and developed tourist sectors. Examples of such countries are Italy and Croatia, located in the Adriatic region, with a large portion of passengers between them being transported utilizing mainly maritime and/or road transportation modes. A proper analysis of the impact of these transportation mode choices on carbon emissions is essential to enable the selection of the optimal transportation mode for the particular transportation route with respect to the generated emissions. Therefore, this study determines the carbon emissions of the maritime and/or road transportation modes on the existing cross-border passenger transportation routes between Italy and Croatia. For the analysis, the Adriatic region was divided into three sections—the Northern, Middle, and Southern regions—each characterized by specific transportation routes defined by geographical features and distances. The results obtained from this research are presented as total carbon emissions for each transportation mode separately, based on each of three chosen routes in different regions. In addition, a carbon emission comparison between each transportation mode in regard to occupancy rate is performed and presented separately for each chosen route based on its specific distances, transportation means, and features. Finally, by providing an analysis of the existing state, this study can serve as a basis for Italy–Croatia cross-border passenger mobility network modernization and the introduction of new, sustainable, and multimodal transportation routes
Procjena rizika kod iznenadnih onečišćenja Jadranskog mora kao gospodarski važnog područja za Republiku Hrvatsku
No full textRisk assessment links the likelihood of the occurrences of adverse events to their consequences. Risk control itself is focused on the individual action-consequence relationships, which are later considered in groups for assessment of their acceptability in accordance with safety requirements. Thus, the risk assessment for extraordinary pollution of the Adriatic Sea as an economically important area for the Republic of Croatia will be described in this paper. Firstly, the area of analysis will be defined. The waterways will be described along with the analysis of traffic density, regulations, and types of vessels in individual areas. The second step is a statistical study of accidents in the Adriatic. Final analysis is that of the most probable and the most undesirable extraordinary pollution events and its effect on Croatian economy. In addition, examples and procedures for determining the risk acceptability and its control in the part of the Croatian coast are presented.Procjena rizika povezuje vjerojatnost ostvarenja neželjenih događaja s njihovim posljedicama. Sama kontrola rizika usmjerena je na pojedinačni odnos radnje i posljedice koje se kasnije grupno sagledavaju s ciljem procjene njihove prihvatljivosti sukladno zahtjevima sigurnosti. U ovom će se radu na taj način opisati procjena rizika za izvanredne slučajeve onečišćenja Jadranskog mora kao gospodarski važnog područja za Republiku Hrvatsku. Definirati će se područje analize s meteorološkim opisom istočne obale Jadrana. Procjena rizika izvedena je u tri faze. Prva faza opisati će plovne puteve i gustoću prometa, regulacije i vrste plovila pojedinih područja. Druga faza je detaljna analiza statističkih podataka nesreća na Jadranu i na posljetku obrađena je analiza najvjerojatnijih i najneželjenijih izvanrednih događaja onečišćenja. Također, prezentirani su primjeri i postupci za određivanje prihvatljivosti rizika i njegovu kontrolu na strani Hrvatske obale
Trans-european networks and policy relating to traffic infrastructure
No full textJedinstvena europska prometna mreža trebala bi biti osnovni instrument za ostvarivanje slobode kretanja ljudi i tereta na cijelom teritoriju Europske unije. To znači s jedne strane osigurati teritorijalnu koheziju, a s druge olakšati gospodarsku aktivnost i mobilnost radne snage. U praksi još uvijek postoje značajni nesrazmjeri u razvoju prometne infrastrukture između pojedinih država članica EU. Ključni element u procesu europske integracije je transeuropska mreža koja će utjecati na razvoj slabije razvijenih regija, ali i na zakrčene razvijene regije. Također, kroz transeuropsku prometnu mrežu (TEN-T) koridora riješit će se problem uskih grla koja su često prisutna na granici između zemalja. Prepoznaje se potreba za značajnim infrastrukturnim ulaganjima te su omogućene mnoge financijske potpore. Europski promet na putu za budućnost temelji se na stvaranju održivog, pametnog i otpornog prometnog sustava.The single European transport network should be the main instrument for achieving freedom of movement of people and goods throughout the entire territory of the European Union. On one side, this means ensuring territorial cohesion, and on the other side, facilitating economic activity and labor force mobility. In practice, there are still significant disparities in transport infrastructure development between EU member states. A key element in the European integration process is the trans-European network, which will influence the development of less developed regions and congested developed regions. Also, through the trans-European transport network (TEN-T) corridor, the problem of bottlenecks, often present at the border between countries, will be solved. The need for significant infrastructure investments is recognized and various financial supports are provided. European transport on the road to the future is based on the creation of a sustainable, smart and resilient transport system