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Technology of general cargo transportation by the sea
No full textOvaj završni rad ima cilj objasniti važne karakteristike brodova za generalni teret, te definiciju pojma generalnog tereta. Brodovi za prijevoz generalnog tereta pripadaju u najstariju kategoriju trgovačkih brodova. Ono što je važno je smanjiti vrijeme provedeno u luci, te učinkovito iskoristiti prostor za prijevoz tereta kako bi se brod koji prevozi generalni teret mogao maksimalno iskoristiti. Iako i dalje posluju širom svijeta, danas se brodovi za generalni teret manje koriste zbog toga što ih sve više zamjenjuju kontejnerski ili teretni brodovi. S generalnim teretom treba pažljivo rukovati kako ne bi došlo do pomjeranja tereta uslijed prijevoza.The purpose of this thesis is to explain the main characteristics of cargo ships and more specifically the definition of the general cargo that is being transported on the ships named above. The cargo ships are the oldest types of commercial ships. Even if they still operate around the world, their usage has decreased in the past few years as they are being replaced by transport containers and cargo ships specialised for certain type of goods. To summarize, the key factors for a succesful cargo ships operations are: to decrease the hours spent in the port, optimize the time to transport the goods and making sure the general cargo is being handled carefully, avoiding any damages
The importance of road D 403 for the development of the port of Rijeka
No full textGrad Rijeka i riječka luka od velikog su značaja za stvaranje prometne povezanosti s Europom. Riječka luka nalazi se na značajnom strateškom položaju transeuropske prometne mreže TEN-T i čini glavnu luku koridora V. U riječkoj luci javlja se potreba za proširenjem kapaciteta prihvata kontejnerskih brodova stoga se u sklopu mnogih projekata obnove i poboljšanja riječke luke izgradio i kontejnerski terminal Zagrebačka obala. S obzirom na to da novi kontejnerski terminal ne može kvalitetno funkcionirati bez dobre cestovne infrastrukture započela je gradnja spojne državne ceste D403 u svrhu povezivanja Zagrebačkog terminala sa zapadnim dijelom cestovne mreže grada Rijeke. Ovakvo povezivanje dovesti će do mnogobrojnih predanosti i koristi za poslovanje luke Rijeka i njen daljnji razvoj
Impact of automated vehicle platooning on the traffic flow performances
No full textPrometni sustav ključan je za društvo i gospodarstvo, a najveći udio ukupnog prometa zauzima cestovni promet. Kao rezultat rasta obujma prometa stvara se povećana potrošnja goriva, kao i emisije stakleničkih plinova. Inteligentnim transportnim rješenjima postiže se znatno poboljšanje navedenog onečišćenja okoliša, ali i općenito poboljšanje odvijanja prometa, učinkovitiji prijevoz putnika i robe, poboljšanje sigurnosti u prometu te udobnosti i zaštite putnika. ACC i CACC sustavi za kontrolu vožnje aktualni su koncepti definirani unutar ITS-a bitni za postizanje navedenih performansi u prometu. S druge strane da bi se ispitali spomenuti sustavi za kontrolu vožnje, simulacijski modeli uvelike su zastupljeni u razmatranju pozitivnih učinaka Platooning koncepta u kontekstu zaštite okoliša. Rezultati pokazuju da nije potrebno provoditi konkretan eksperiment kako bi se testirali njegovi utjecaji na okoliš. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti i proučiti aktualnosti u istraživanju koncepta tehnologije simulacije s obzirom na kriterije prihvatljivosti, isplativosti i učinkovitosti.The transport system is crucial for society and the economy, and the largest share of total traffic is road traffic. As a result of the growth in the volume of traffic, increased fuel consumption is created, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Intelligent transport solutions achieve a significant improvement of the mentioned environmental pollution, but also a general improvement of traffic flow, more efficient transport of passengers and goods, improvement of traffic safety and comfort and protection of passengers. ACC and CACC driving control systems are current concepts defined within ITS essential for achieving the stated traffic performance. On the other hand, in order to examine the mentioned driving control systems, simulation models are widely represented in the consideration of the positive effects of the Platooning concept in the context of environmental protection. The results show that it is not necessary to conduct a specific experiment to test its environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to investigate and study current events in the research of the concept of simulation technology with regard to the criteria of acceptability, cost-effectiveness and efficiency
Means used for removal of marine oil pollution
No full textU ovom radu opisani su oprema i metode pomoću kojih se uklanja izliveno ulje iz mora. Navedena oprema obuhvaća mehanička sredstva gdje spadaju plutajuće brane, sakupljači i upijači. Od metoda opisane su: kemijska razgradnja pomoću disperzanata, mikrobiološka razgradnja koja se naziva bioremedijacija i spaljivanje ulja na mjestu izljeva. Osim navedenih konvencionalnih metoda, u kratkim crtama opisane manje zastupljene metode vađenja ulja ručnim alatima, prirodna razgradnja i tretiranje ulja parom pod tlakom. U radu je dan uvid u dvije eksperimentalne metode: uklanjanje onečišćenja laserom i uklanjanje onečišćenja magnetima.
Nakon opisa navedene opreme i postupaka, prikazana je kratka usporedba sredstava obzirom na njihove prednosti i nedostatke.This paper contains description of the equipment and methods used to remove spilled oil from the sea. The equipment mentioned includes mechanical means like floating booms, skimmers and sorbents. Among the methods described are: chemical decomposition using oil dispersants, microbiological decomposition called bioremediation and burning of oil at the spill site (In-situ oil burning). In addition to the mentioned conventional methods, the less common methods of extracting oil with hand tools, natural decomposition and treatment of oil with pressurized steam are briefly described. The paper provides an insight into two experimental methods: laser pollution removal and magnet pollution removal.
After the description of the mentioned equipment and procedures, a brief comparison of the means is presented regarding their advantages and disadvantages
Control of electric motors
No full textUpravljanje elektromotorima vrši se pomoću momenta, brzine vrtnje i tereta. Razvoju
metoda upravljanja elektromotornim pogonima prethodio je razvoj energetske elektronike i
razvoj upravljačkih sklopova. Upravljanje brzinom vrtnje pokušava se postići što veća
učinkovitost sustava i to dobivanjem što boljih izlaznih karakteristika. Zbog nepostojanih
nedostataka, osim cijene, upravljanje izmjenom frekvencije napajanja najprihvatljivija je
metoda upravljanja. Velika važnost daje se i očuvanju stroja, kao i sigurnosti njegovih
korisnika. Uvjeti po kojima se odabire način upravljanja, a to su: faktor snage, vrsta
opterećenja, troškovi održavanja i uvjeti okoline. Analizom tih uvjeta postiže se
funkcionalnost cijelog sustava.Electric motors are controlled by torque, speed and load. The development of electric
drive control methods was preceded by the development of power electronics and the
development of control circuits. The control of the rotation speed tries to achieve the highest
efficiency of the system by obtaining the best possible output characteristics. Due to nonpermanent disadvantages, apart from cost, power frequency switching control is the most
acceptable control method. Great importance is given to the preservation of the machine, as
well as the safety of its users. The conditions by which the control method is selected,
namely: power factor, type of load, maintenance costs and environmental conditions. By
analysing these conditions, the functionality of the entire system is achieved
European green deal : the future of European climate neutrality
No full textOvim radom analiziran je prijedlog donesen od strane Europske komisije pod nazivom „FuelEU Maritime“. Isti je od velike važnosti kako bi se ostvarili ciljevi Europske Unije da njeno gospodarstvo postane klimatski neutralno do 2050. godine. Prijedlog ima za cilj smanjiti intenzitet stakleničkih plinova u energiji koju koriste brodovi za 75 % do 2050. promicanjem korištenja ekološki prihvatljivijih goriva, odnosno obnovljivih goriva i goriva s niskim udjelom ugljika. Unatoč napretku postignutom posljednjih godina, pomorski sektor je i dalje gotovo u potpunosti ovisan o fosilnim gorivima i značajan je izvor stakleničkih plinova i drugih štetnih onečišćujućih tvari. Sa spomenutim prijedlogom, cilj je osigurati da sektor pomorskog prometa doprinese povećanim klimatskim naporima Europske Unije, istovremeno koordinirajući svoje djelovanje na globalnoj razini i osiguravajući pravedno tržišno natjecanje i odgovarajuće funkcioniranje tržišta pomorskog prometa Europske Unije.This paper analyzes the proposal made by the European Commission called „FuelEU Maritime“. The proposal is of great importance in order to achieve the European Union's goals of becoming a climate-neutral economy by 2050. The aim of the proposal is to reduce the intensity of greenhouse gase in the energy used by ships by 75 % until the year of 2050. by promoting the use of more enviromentally friendly fuels, i.e. renewable and low-carbon fuels. Despite the progress made in recent years, the maritime sector is still almost entirely dependant on fossil fuels and is a significant source of greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants. With the aforementioned proposal, the aim is to ensure that the maritime transport sector contributes to the increased climate efforts of the European Union, while coordinating it's actions on a global level and ensuring fair competition and the proper functioning of the EU maritime transport market
Cospas-Sarsat system and Epirb device
No full textSatelitski sustavi predstavljaju iznimno važan segment u moderno doba. GNSS (globalni navigacijski satelitski sustav) uređaji tj. funkcija istih, može se definirati kao mogućnost pružanja neovisnog geoprostornog pozicioniranja koja pokriva čitavu zemaljsku kuglu. Kako bi GNSS tehnologija mogla primjereno djelovati na području cijelog svijeta, u Zemljinoj orbiti, pravilno je raspoređeno ukupno trideset satelita čija je osnovna namjena uspostava komunikacije te razmjena podataka s uređajima postavljenim na Zemljinoj površini. COSPAS – SARSAT je oznaka međunarodne organizacije navedenog razvijenog sustava. Organizacija Cospas – Sarsat sastoji se od četrdeset i tri države članice tj. četrdeset i tri nacionalne agencije. Sustav Cospas – Sarsat, sastoji od satelita GEOSAR i MEOSAR. Cjelokupni je sustav kompleksna cjelina sastavljena od četiri međusobno povezana podsustava. Uz ovaj se sustav izravno veže uređaj EPIRB koji služi za emitiranje pozicije brodova odnosno drugih plovila putem radiofarova a koji je specifičan za pomorski prijevoz.Satellite systems represent an extremely important segment in modern times. GNSS (global navigation satellite system) devices, i.e. their function, can be defined as the ability to provide independent geospatial positioning that covers the entire globe. In order for GNSS technology to function properly throughout the world, in the Earth's orbit, a total of thirty satellites are properly arranged, the main purpose of which is the establishment of communication and data exchange with devices placed on the Earth's surface. COSPAS – SARSAT is the designation of the international organization of the above-mentioned developed system. The Cospas - Sarsat organization consists of forty-three member states, i.e. forty-three national agencies. The Cospas - Sarsat system consists of GEOSAR and MEOSAR satellites. The entire system is a complex entity composed of four interconnected subsystems. The EPIRB device is directly connected to this system, which serves to broadcast the position of ships or other vessels via radio beacons, and which is specific for maritime transport
Classification of Electrical Power Disturbances on Hybrid-Electric Ferries Using Wavelet Transform and Neural Network
No full textElectrical power systems on hybrid-electric ferries are characterized by the intensive use of power electronics and a complex usage profile with the often-limited power of battery storage. It is extremely important to detect faults in a timely manner, which can lead to system malfunctions that can directly affect the safety and economic performance of the vessel. In this paper, a power disturbance classification method for hybrid- electric ferries is developed based on a wavelet transform and a neural network classifier. For each of the observed power disturbance categories, 200 signals were artificially generated. A discrete wavelet transform was applied to these signals, allowing different time-frequency resolutions to be used for different frequencies. Three statistical parameters are calculated for each coefficient: Standard deviation, entropy and asymmetry of the signal, providing a total of 18 variables for a signal. A neural network with 18 input neurons, 3 hidden neurons, and 6 output neurons was used to detect the aforementioned perturbations. The classification models with different wavelets were analyzed based on accuracy, confusion matrices, and other parameters. The analysis showed that the proposed model can be successfully used for the detection and classification of disturbances in the considered vessels, which allows the implementation of better and more efficient algorithms for energy management
Factors Affecting Container Seaport Competitiveness - Case Study on Port of Rijeka
No full textIn this research, the authors aimed to investigate the factors affecting the competitiveness of container seaports and apply the research results to the case study of the Port of Rijeka. The previous related research on the topic of the Port of Rijeka is valuable, however, the seaport competitiveness factors were not elaborated in detail, which also represents a research gap. As a first step, the authors identified the competitiveness factors influencing container seaports, using the literature review method. Further, the authors conducted the case study of the Port of Rijeka, using the following identified competitiveness factors: the port’s geographical location, feeder connection, and maritime connectivity, infrastructure and superstructure of the container terminal, berth length, depth of the port and port area characteristics, road and railway infrastructure, port reputation, costs, customs procedure efficiency, and ICT systems. Finally, the authors propose measures to improve the competitiveness of the Port of Rijeka. The presented case study could be used as a reference point for similar container seaports, which are aware of their limited resources, but need to increase their efficiency and competitiveness
Model digitalne transformacije dionika u sektoru pomorskog transporta
No full textIn this dissertation, a universally applicable model of digital transformation of stakeholders in the maritime transport sector was created and validated. The model will help stakeholders shape more successful digital transformation strategies. First, bibliometric, content and thematic analyses of digitalization and digital transformation in maritime transport and seaports were performed using the CiteSpace and Leximancer tools. The research included various criteria, for example analysis by keywords, topics and research areas. The goal was to address fundamental research questions in order to define the key points in the current process of digitalization and digital transformation of maritime transport and seaports. The success factors that influence the digital transformation of stakeholders operating in the maritime transport sector, as well as drivers of digital transformation and barriers to its implementation, were then identified and analyzed. Drivers, success factors and barriers were grouped according to the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, i.e., in three aspects: the technological aspect referring to the acceptance and implementation of modern technologies and innovations, their security and interoperability; the organizational aspect referring to organizational resources, organizational structure, communication among employees within the organization, and the aspect pertaining to the external environment which affects activities of the organization and its growth. Given the notable lack of literature on the topic of digital transformation in maritime transport and seaports, additional literature review and analysis were required before the research model could be created. For this reason, the digital transformation was analyzed from the perspective of three digital technologies and information systems: Maritime National Single Window, Blockchain and Port Community System. In addition, digital information services as drivers of digital transformation were analyzed. Then, qualitative methods were used to investigate the relevance of the factors, based on information obtained from experts in the maritime transport sector, who possess substantial experience in the field of digital transformation. In the last phase, the model was validated. For this purpose, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used. The research has shown that organizational, technological, and environmental factors affect the digitalization of the organizations in the maritime transport sector. As a result of digitalization, changes in business models are visible: II organizations in maritime transport sector generate additional revenue from new sources, provide new services, and introduce new sales channels. The contribution of this dissertation is manifold. First, the results of the dissertation can provide a basis for further research on digital transformation in the maritime transport sector. Second, the developed and validated universal digital transformation model may help stakeholders in the maritime transport sector to focus their resources more effectively and to shape more successful digital transformation strategies. The results can also help legislators in drafting more modern laws that will incorporate technological advances, resulting in better cooperation between stakeholders, simplification of business processes, better use of infrastructure and resources and sustainable business of stakeholders operating in the maritime transport sector.U ovoj je doktorskoj disertaciji izrađen i validiran univerzalno primjenjiv model digitalne transformacije dionika u sektoru pomorskog transporta, a koji će pomoći dionicima u oblikovanju uspješnijih strategija digitalne transformacije. Najprije je provedena bibliometrijska, sadržajna i tematska analiza digitalizacije i digitalne transformacije u pomorskom transportu i morskim lukama pomoću računalnih alata CiteSpace i Leximancer. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo različite kriterije, primjerice analizu prema ključnim riječima, temama i područjima istraživanja. Cilj je bio pozabaviti se temeljnim istraživačkim pitanjima, s tendencijom definiranja glavnih ključnih točaka u aktualnom procesu digitalizacije i digitalne transformacije pomorskog transporta i morskih luka. Potom su istraženi i analizirani čimbenici uspjeha koji utječu na digitalnu transformaciju dionika koji posluju u sektoru pomorskog transporta, kao i pokretači digitalne transformacije te prepreke pri njezinoj provedbi. Pokretači, čimbenici i prepreke su grupirani sukladno teorijskom okviru TOE, tj. prema tri aspekta ili konteksta: tehnološkom aspektu koji se odnosi na prihvaćanje i primjenu modernih tehnologija i inovacija, njihovu sigurnost i interoperabilnost, organizacijskom aspektu koji se odnosi na resurse u organizaciji, strukturu organizacije, komunikaciju među zaposlenicima unutar organizacije te aspektu vanjskog okruženja koje utječe na aktivnosti organizacije i njezin rast. S obzirom na nedostatak literature o digitalnoj transformaciji u pomorskom transportu i lukama, a s ciljem izrade istraživačkog modela, javila se potreba za dodatnom analizom literature. Iz tog razloga, digitalna transformacija analizirana je iz perspektive triju digitalnih tehnologija i informacijskih sustava: jedinstvenog sučelja za formalnosti u pomorskom prometu (Maritime National Single Window), Blockchaina i informacijskog sustava lučke zajednice (Port Community System-a). Osim toga, analizirane su digitalne informacijske usluge kao pokretači digitalne transformacije. Potom je, putem kvalitativnih metoda, istražena mjerodavnost čimbenika temeljem informacija dobivenih od strane stručnjaka pomorskog transporta, koji imaju iskustva u području digitalne transformacije. U posljednjoj fazi je validiran model. U tu svrhu je korištena PLS-SEM statistička analiza. Istraživanje je pokazalo da organizacijski i tehnološki čimbenici te čimbenici vanjskog okruženja utječu na digitalizaciju organizacija u sektoru pomorskog prometa. Kao rezultat digitalizacije vidljive su promjene u poslovnim modelima: organizacije u sektoru pomorskog IV prometa ostvaruju dodatne prihode iz novih izvora, pružaju nove usluge i uvode nove prodajne kanale. Rezultati disertacije poslužit će znanstvenicima kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja digitalne transformacije u sektoru pomorskog transporta, kao i stručnjacima u oblikovanju odgovarajućih strategija digitalne transformacije, te zakonodavcima u formiranju suvremenije zakonske regulative koja će uključiti tehnološka dostignuća, što bi u konačnici moglo rezultirati boljom suradnjom među dionicima, pojednostavljenjem poslovnih procesa, boljim korištenjem infrastrukture i resursa te održivim poslovanjem dionika koji posluju u sektoru pomorskog transporta