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Driving asynchronous motor by means of frequency converter
No full textU ovome završnome radu pod imenom „UPRAVLJANE ASINKRONIM MOTOROM
POMOĆU PRETVARAČA FREKVENCIJE“ opisan je princip rada asinkronoga motora,
prikazana je njegova momentna karakteristika, objašnjeno je načelo rada pretvarača frekvencije
kao i V/f metoda regulacije brzine asinkronoga motora, te je na kraju prikazan praktični primjer.In this final work entitled "DRIVING ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR BY MEANS OF
FREQUENCY CONVERTER" the principle of operation of the asynchronous motor is
described, its moment characteristic is presented, the principle of operation of the frequency
converter is explained as well as the V/f method of speed regulation of the asynchronous motor,
and finally a practical example is presented
Inspection and supervision of tourist ships
No full textSigurna plovidba u smislu potpune tehničke ispravnosti broda, zaštite ljudskih života, ali i morskog okoliša u centru je pažnje od samih početaka razvoja pomorstva i brodarstva. Upravo u s tom svrhom donesen je značajan broj međunarodnih dokumenata i ugovora u obliku konvencija, memoranduma, kodeksa, pravilnika i zakona, a koji su usvojeni od gotovo svih važnijih pomorskih zemalja. Ključ u zaštiti sigurnosti broda, posade i okoliša svakako je obavljanje različitih oblika pregleda broda, od kojih se kao jedan od najbitnijih navodi i pregled i nadzor od strane države zastave odnosno od strane inspektora ovlaštenog od strane upravnog tijela države pod čijom zastavom brod plovi. Ključno je da se prilikom svakog pregleda, neovisno o vrsti i djelatnosti za koju se brod koristi unutar pomorskog područja, pridržava unaprijed utvrđenog protokola pomoću kojega se pregledavaju sve relevantne kategorije pomoću kojih se utvrđuje formalna, tehnička i sigurnosna ispravnost broda. Ukoliko se ipak uoče nedostaci, iste je uza to predviđenim rokovima i prema propisima nužno ukloniti, a sve sa svrhom kako se vlasnicima brodova ili njihovim menadžerima te samom plovilu ne bi izricale sankcijske mjere.Safe navigation in the sense of complete technical correctness of the ship, protection of human life, but also the marine environment has been in the center of attention since the very beginning of the development of shipping and shipping. Precisely for this purpose, a significant number of international documents and agreements in the form of conventions, memoranda, codes, regulations and laws were adopted, which were adopted by almost all important maritime countries. The key to protecting the safety of the ship, the crew and the environment is certainly the performance of various forms of ship inspection, one of the most important of which is inspection and supervision by the flag state, i.e. by an inspector authorized by the administrative body of the state under whose flag the ship sails. It is crucial that during each inspection, regardless of the type and activity for which the ship is used within the maritime area, a pre- established protocol is followed by which all relevant categories are inspected to determine the formal, technical and safety correctness of the ship. If, however, deficiencies are noticed, they must be removed within the stipulated time limits and according to the regulations, all with the aim of not imposing sanctions on ship owners or their managers and the vessel itself
Application and integration of the LiDAR technology system
No full textLiDAR (engl. Light Detection and Ranging) je aktivna tehnologija istraživanja na daljinu koja koristi svjetlost u obliku laserskih impulsa za mjerenje udaljenosti. Svjetlosni impulsi, u kombinaciji s drugim točkama podataka koje generira sustav, stvaraju točne 3D informacije o objektu u odnosu na njegovu okolinu.
LiDAR uređaj ima nekoliko komponenti: laserski skener, globalni sustav za identifikaciju pozicije (engl. Global Positioning System – GPS) i inercijski navigacijski sustav (engl. Inertial Navigation System - INS). Oprema se obično montira na mobilno vozilo, poput automobila, drona ili bespilotne letjelice. Funkcijski, postoje zračni i terestrički LiDAR sustavi.
Zračni LiDAR postavlja se na dron ili helikopter i služi aplikacijama za prikaz ogromnog područja iz ptičje perspektive. Dvije su vrste standardnog LiDAR-a: topografski, koji koristi infracrveni laser za mapiranje kopnenih površina i batimetrijski, koji za prodiranje u vodu koristi zeleno svjetlo za mapiranje podmorja.
Terestrički LiDAR djeluje na tlu i pomičan je ili statičan. Mobilni LiDAR sustavi montiraju se na pokretne platforme poput samostalnih vozila s aplikacijama umjetne inteligencije za identifikaciju objekata u voznom okruženju. Statički LiDAR postavlja se na nepomične strukture.
Podaci LiDAR-a su točni, brzi i korisni za bilo koju lokaciju na kojoj se mora utvrditi struktura i oblik predmeta. Laserskim skeniranjem dobiva se skup podatkovnih točaka pod nazivom „oblak točaka“ (engl. Point Cloud). Oblak točaka se zatim pretvara u 3D sliku koja prikazuje razne površine, oblike terena, strukture i objekte.LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an active remote sensing technology that uses laser light pulses to measure distances. The light pulses, combined with other data points generated by the system, create accurate 3D information about an object and its surroundings.
A LiDAR device consists of several components: a laser scanner, a Global Positioning System (GPS), and an Inertial Navigation System (INS). This equipment is tipically mounted on mobile vehicles such as cars, drones or unmanned aircraft. Functionally, there are airborne and terrestrial LiDAR systems.
Airborne LiDAR is installed on drones or helicopters and is used for applications that require a birds-eye view of a large area. There are two types of standard LiDAR: topographic LiDAR, which uses an infrared laser to map land surfaces and bathymetric LiDAR, which utilizes green light to penetrate water for underwater mapping.
Terrestrial LiDAR operates on the ground and can be either mobile or static. Mobile LiDAR systems are mounted on moving platforms like autonomous vehicles and employ artificial intelligence applications for object identification in a driving environment. Static LiDAR is placed on stationary structures.
LiDAR data is accurate, fast and valuable for any location where the structure and shape of objects need to be determined. By laser scanning, a set of data points called a „point cloud“ is obtained. The point cloud is then converted into a 3D image that visualizes various surfaces, terrain features, structures and objects
Connection of the Rijeka and Serbian terminals via block-trains
No full textU ovom se radu prikazuje prijevoz kontejnera željezničkim i kamionskim putem od riječkih do srbijanskih terminala. Važnost povezivanja riječkih i srbijanskih terminala prikazana je kroz rad željezničkog agenta Adria Rail d.o.o. koji je pozicioniran na kontejnerskom terminalu Brajdica u Rijeci i kroz rad cjelokupne organizacije srbijanskih terminala Nelt CO i Mbox Terminals d.o.o. Oba srbijanska terminala u privatnom su vlasništvu, što za tu zemlju predstavlja vrlo dobar skok u samom razvoju i financijskom ostvarenju. Prijevoz kontejnera na relacijama Rijeka – Srbija prikazan je blok-vlakovima koji prometuju do 35 puta tjedno. Svaki blok-vlak sastavljen je od specijalnih plato vagona koji su namijenjeni za prijevoz kontejnera željeznicom. Kako bi se prijevoz ostvario, mora postojati korelacija između željezničkih operatera, terminala i stranaka, a to su željeznički špediteri i agenti. Željeznički špediteri i agenti obavljaju poslove izrade svih carinskih i pratećih dokumenata za nesmetani promet blok-vlakova i povezivanje terminala. U trećem se dijelu rada govori o poboljšanju usluge transporta kontejnera koje će predstaviti nove inovacijske tehnologije i strategije koje će ovisiti o budućnosti vlakova i terminala.This paper presents the transport of containers by rail and truck from Rijeka to Srbija terminals. The importance of connecting the Rijeka and Srbija terminals is shown through the work of the railway agent Adria Rail d.o.o. which is positioned at the Brajdica container terminal in Rijeka and through the work of the entire organization of Serbian terminals Nelt CO and Mbox Terminals d.o.o. Both Serbian terminals are privately owned, which represents a very good jump in development and financial performance for that country. Container transportation on the Rijeka-Serbia route is shown through block trains that run up to 35 times a week. Each block train is composed of special flat wagons intended for transporting containers by rail. For the transport to take place, there must be a correlation between railway operators, terminals and parties, namely railway forwarders and agents. Railway freight forwarders and agents perform the tasks of creating all customs and supporting documents for smooth traffic of block trains and connection of terminals. The third part of the paper discusses the improvement of the container transport service, which will present innovation technologies and strategies that will depend on the future of trains and terminals
The influence of provision plant condenser clogging to main parameters
No full textU ovom radu rađena je simulacijska analiza intenziteta zaprljanja kondenzatora i njegovog utjecaja na parametre rada sustava brodskog rashladnog provijanta. Analizom dobivenih rezultata provedenih simulacijskih testiranja izdvojeni su parametri očitanja koji tijekom redovnog rada brodskog sustava provijanta pravovremeno ukazuju na pojavu i povećanje zaprljanja. Iz provedene analize izvedena je tablica ovisnosti očitanih parametara koja približno ukazuje na intenzitet zaprljanja. S obzirom da je kondenzator cijevnog tipa i nedostupan je za vizualnu kontrolu, pravovremena indikacija bi pomogla u planiranju potrebnog servisnog zahvata. U radu je opisana teoretska osnova rada sustava, njegovi osnovni dijelovi kao i metodologija provedenih testiranja i analiza. Testiranje je provedeno na strojarskom simulatoru Kongsberg MC90 V u dijelu Refrigeration System MD 64 na sustavu provijanta.This paper presents a simulation analysis of the influence of provision plant condenser clogging and its impact on the main operating parameters of the ship's provision cooling system. Based on the analysis of the obtained results from simulation testing, specific reading parameters were identified that timely indicate the occurrence and increase of clogging during the regular operation of the ship's cooling system. A table of the dependency of these observed parameters was derived from the analysis, providing an approximate indication of fouling intensity. Since the condenser is tube-type and inaccessible for visual inspection, a timely indication would assist in planning the necessary service intervention. The paper describes the theoretical basis of the system's operation, its main components, as well as the methodology of testing and analysis. The testing was carried out on the Kongsberg MC90 V marine simulator in the Refrigeration System MD 64, focusing on the refrigeration system
Reverse logistics
No full textPredmet ovog završnog rada je povratna logistika, njezina uloga u dobavnom lancu, te značaj koji ona ima na okolinu. Obzirom da je povratna logistika relativno mlada grana u modernoj logistici za očekivati je da nije u potpunosti istražena i da se o njoj može puno naučiti. Cilj ovog rada je pobliže se upoznati s radom poslovne logistike, njezinim segmentima i načinom na koji ona djeluje. Za svaku je kompaniju izrazito važno stabilizirati proces povratne logistike, dati joj na važnosti i neprekidno istraživati nove i bolje načinje njezina djelovanja jer dobro planiranje i djelovanje povratne logistike može biti njezin najveći adut. Ukoliko se dobro iskoristi sve što povratna logistika pruža moguće je ostvariti konkurentsku prednost, zadržati potrošače, smanjiti troškove i ojačati kompaniju. Također, utjecaj koji povratna logistika ima na okoliš je izniman, a recikliranje predmeta osim novčane prednosti donosi nemjerljivu prednost cijeloj zajednici.The subject of this final thesis is reverse logistics, its role in the supply chain, and the importance it has on the environment. Considering that return logistics is a relatively young branch in modern logistics, it is to be expected that it has not been fully explored and that a lot can be learned about it. The aim of this work is to get to know the work of business logistics, its segments and the way it works. For every company, it is extremely important to establish a reverse logistics process, give it importance and constantly research new and better ways of doing it, because good planning and operation of reverse logistics can be its biggest advantage. If everything that return logistics provides is well used, it is possible to achieve a competitive advantage, retain consumers, reduce costs and strengthen the company. Also, the impact that return logistics has on the environment is exceptional, and the recycling of items, in addition to the monetary advantage, brings an immeasurable advantage to the entire community
Ships blackout protocol
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je brodski blackout protokol. Poznavanje događaja koji uzrokuju stanje blackouta na brodu, te sustava koji sudjeluju u sprječavanju nastanka blackouta ključno je za održavanje radnog stanja brodskog pogona i sigurnosti plovidbe. Nestanak napajanja na današnjim brodovima, zbog sve veće primjene elektro-propulzijskih sustava, kao i povećanoj prisutnosti svakodnevnih i posebnih električnih uređaja napajanih brodskom mrežom, može imati katastrofalne posljedice. Zbog toga je od iznimne važnosti da brodsko napajanje ostane neprekinuto.The topic of this final paper is the ship's blackout protocol. Knowing the events that cause a blackout on a ship, and the systems that participate in preventing a blackout, is essential for maintaining the working condition of the ship propulsion and the safety of navigation. Loss of power on today's ships, due to the increasing use of electro-propulsion systems, as well as the increased presence of everyday and special electrical devices powered by the ship's network, can have catastrophic consequences. That is why it is extremely important that the ship's power supply remains uninterrupted
Legal aspects of rescue at sea
No full textOvaj rad temelji se na pravnim aspektima pomorskog spašavanja. Cilj mu je analizirati i objasniti izniman značaj operacija traganja i spašavanja na moru, istodobno ističući ključnu ulogu primjerenih zakonskih propisa u osiguravanju uspješne zaštite ljudskih života na moru. Cilj rada je pružiti sveobuhvatna razumijevanja pravnog okvira uzimajući u obzir ne samo ljudske živote već pravno gledanje prevencije zagađenja okoliša te gubitka imovine. Sam rad je ukomponirati i druge konvencije koje se jedna na drugu nadovezuju u cjelinu ovog rada i samog pomorstva.This paper is based on the legal aspects of maritime rescue. Its aim is to analyze and clarify the exceptional importance of search and rescue operations at sea, while emphasizing the key role of appropriate legislation in ensuring the successful protection of human lives on the seas. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal framework to take into account not only human lives but a legal review of environmental pollution prevention and property loss. The work itself also touches other conventions that build on each other into the complex of this paper and maritime itself
Planning of bulk cargo transport by sea
No full textRasuti tereti su tereti bez ambalaže koji se prevoze u usitnjenom stanju.Razvili su se iz brodova za prijevoz generalnog tereta, a nagli razvoj započeo je sredinom dvadesetog stoljeća. Brodovi za prijevoz rasutog tereta razlikuju se po svojoj namjeni i veličini. Rasuti tereti vrlo su osjetljiviji na vanjske utjecaje i stoga zahtijevaju posebnu pozornost pri prijevozu. Postoje mnogi pravilnici koje se bave planiranjem i prijevozom rasutih tereta.Luke i terminali posebno su opremljeni za prihvat ovakvog tereta. Učinkovito rukovanje rasutim teretom zahtijeva dobro razumijevanje specifičnih materijala i odgovarajuće metode skladištenja, rukovanja i transporta kako bi se osigurala sigurnost i učinkovitost tijekom prijevoza.Bulk cargo is cargo without packaging that is transported in a crushed state. They evolved from general cargo ships, and rapid development began in the mid-twentieth century. Bulk carriers differ in their purpose and size. Bulk cargoes are very sensitive to external influences and therefore require special attention during transport. There are many regulations that deal with theplanning and transportation of bulk cargo. Bulk cargo presents unique handling and transportation challenges. Ports and terminals are specially equipped to handle this kind of cargo.Effective bulk handling requires a good understanding of specific materials and appropriate storage, handling and transport methods to ensure safety and efficiency during transport
Autonomous vessels
No full textU diplomskom radu navedena je i opisana definicija autonomnih plovnih objekata. U radu se opisuje povijest razvoja autonomnih plovnih objekata do danas kao i buduća predviđanja. U radu su opisane tehnologije korištene na autonomnim plovnim objektima. Također je u radu opisana umjetna inteligencija koja upravlja upravo spomenutim tehnologijama. Nadalje, rad se dotiče teme sigurnosti i zaštite autonomnih plovnih objekata. Završno, rad opisuje legalan status autonomnih plovnih objekata.In the thesis, the definition of autonomous maritime objects is stated and described. The paper provides an overview of the history of autonomous maritime object development up to the present day, as well as future predictions. The technologies used on autonomous maritime objects are described in the paper. Additionally, the paper discusses artificial intelligence that manages the aforementioned technologies. Furthermore, the paper touches on the topic of security and protection of autonomous maritime objects. Finally, the paper describes the legal status of autonomous maritime objects